CN110792703A

CN110792703A - Brake mechanism for automobile

Info

Publication number: CN110792703A
Application number: CN201911075404.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李华鸿; 李丽丽; 项炳海
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Shandong Jiumu Hydrogen Energy Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-10-25
Filing date: 2018-10-25
Publication date: 2020-02-14
Anticipated expiration: 2038-10-25
Also published as: CN110792703B; CN109139744A; CN109139744B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of braking, and particularly relates to a braking mechanism for an automobile, which comprises a brake disc, a hydraulic shell, a hydraulic column, a pressing mechanism, a power mechanism and the like, wherein when the quick braking mechanism disclosed by the invention brakes, a friction wheel in the power mechanism is in friction fit with the brake disc, so that the power mechanism can provide power for the pressing mechanism, further the distance between a third fixing plate and a fourth fixing plate is shortened, the pressure of the fourth fixing plate on a brake pad is increased, and the purpose of increasing the braking effect is achieved. During emergency braking, the quick brake mechanism can shorten the braking time of emergency braking in the traditional brake mechanism, and can stop faster after the automobile meets emergency, thereby reducing the possibility that the automobile touches an accident after the driver meets emergency and steps on the brake suddenly, and protecting the safety of the driver more. The invention has simple structure and better use effect.

Description

Brake mechanism for automobile

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of brakes, and particularly relates to a brake mechanism for an automobile.

Background

At present, most of automobile brakes use hydraulic pressure to push a brake pad and a brake disc to generate pressure, and the brake disc is braked through friction force. In the braking process, when a driver encounters an emergency, the driver can rapidly brake the automobile by suddenly stepping on the brake, so that the accident of the automobile is avoided. In the process of normally driving the automobile by a driver, the reaction time of the driver in normal hard braking is between 0.4 and 0.5 second, but once an emergency occurs, the reaction time of the driver in hard braking is mostly longer than 1 second, even the reaction time of the driver in panic in hard braking is about 2 seconds; in the 1-2 second emergency brake response time, the automobile is likely to travel a relatively long distance at high speed, increasing the possibility of the automobile touching an accident. In order to reduce the possibility that the driver touches the automobile accidentally after the driver suddenly steps on the brake in an emergency, a quick brake mechanism needs to be designed.

The invention designs a brake mechanism for an automobile to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention discloses a brake mechanism for an automobile, which is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "below", "upper" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention usually place when using, and are only used for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation or be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

A brake mechanism for an automobile, characterized in that: the brake disc comprises a driving shaft, a brake disc, a hydraulic shell, a U-shaped mounting plate, a hydraulic column, a first fixing plate, a second fixing plate, a sliding chute, a pressing mechanism, a power mechanism and the like, wherein the brake disc is mounted at one end of the driving shaft; one end of the U-shaped mounting plate is provided with a hydraulic shell; one end of each of the two hydraulic columns is positioned in the hydraulic shell, and the other end of each of the two hydraulic columns is provided with a first fixing plate; a second fixing plate is arranged at the lower side of the first fixing plate; the pressing mechanism is arranged on the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate; the power mechanism is arranged on the second fixing plate; the brake disc is positioned in the U-shaped mounting plate and is respectively matched with the pressure mechanism and the power mechanism; the upper surface of one end of the second fixing plate, which is far away from the first fixing plate, is provided with a sliding chute.

The pressure applying mechanism comprises a first telescopic rod, a one-way clutch ring, a guide key, an external thread, a third fixing plate, a first supporting plate, a second telescopic rod, a telescopic rod spring, a fourth fixing plate, a brake pad, a volute spring, a connecting block, a fixing ring, a second supporting plate, a supporting sleeve, a third supporting plate, a threaded ring sleeve, a first gear, a rod hole and a key groove, wherein the first telescopic rod is composed of a first telescopic outer sleeve and a first telescopic inner rod; one end of the first telescopic outer sleeve is arranged in a round hole of the first fixing plate through a bearing; the one-way clutch ring is arranged on the outer circular surface of the first telescopic outer sleeve; one end of the volute spiral spring is arranged on the outer circular surface of the first telescopic outer sleeve, and the other end of the volute spiral spring is arranged on the first fixing plate through a connecting block; the scroll spring is positioned between the one-way clutch ring and the first fixed plate; one end of the first supporting plate is provided with a third fixing plate, and the other end of the first supporting plate is arranged in a sliding groove of the second fixing plate in a sliding fit mode; one end of the first telescopic inner rod, which is far away from the first telescopic outer sleeve, is arranged in a round hole of the third fixing plate through a bearing; the outer circular surface of the first telescopic inner rod is provided with a section of external thread; two guide keys are symmetrically arranged on the outer circular surface of the first telescopic inner rod; the external thread is positioned between the third fixing plate and the guide key; the threaded ring sleeve is arranged on the second fixing plate through a third supporting plate; the inner circular surface of the threaded ring sleeve is provided with internal threads; the internal thread on the thread ring sleeve is in thread fit with the external thread on the first telescopic inner rod; the fixing ring is arranged on the second fixing plate through a second supporting plate; one end of the supporting sleeve is arranged on the inner circular surface of the fixing ring through a bearing, and the other end of the supporting sleeve is provided with a first gear; a rod hole is formed in the first gear, and two through key grooves are symmetrically formed in the inner circular surface of the rod hole; the first gear is positioned between the external thread and the one-way clutch ring; the first telescopic inner rod penetrates through a rod hole of the first gear; two guide keys on the first telescopic inner rod are matched with two key grooves on the first gear; one end of each of the two second telescopic rods is arranged on the side face, far away from the first telescopic inner rod, of the third fixing plate, and the other end of each of the two second telescopic rods is provided with a fourth fixing plate; the two second telescopic rods are symmetrically distributed on the third fixing plate; the two telescopic rod springs are respectively sleeved on the two second telescopic rods, one ends of the two telescopic rod springs are installed on the third fixing plate, and the other ends of the two telescopic rod springs are installed on the fourth fixing plate; the brake block is arranged on the side face, far away from the second telescopic rod, of the fourth fixing plate.

The brake pad is matched with the brake disc.

The power mechanism comprises a telescopic plate, an arc-shaped plate, a rectangular support ring, a fourth support plate, an L-shaped plate, a second gear, a fifth support plate, a friction wheel, a rack, a first plate spring, a rotating shaft, a guide rail, a third telescopic rod, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a sixth support plate, a guide block spring and a guide block, wherein the rectangular support ring is arranged on a second fixing plate through the fourth support plate; the telescopic plate consists of a telescopic inner plate and a rectangular telescopic outer sleeve; the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve is arranged in the rectangular support ring in a sliding fit manner; an arc-shaped plate is arranged at one end of the telescopic inner plate, which is far away from the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve; one end of the first plate spring is arranged on the inner wall surface of the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve, and the other end of the first plate spring is arranged on one end of the telescopic inner plate; the first plate spring is positioned in the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve; one end of the L-shaped plate is arranged on the outer side surface of the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve, and the other end of the L-shaped plate is provided with a rack; the fifth supporting plate is arranged on the second fixing plate; the guide rail is arranged on the side surface of the fifth supporting plate; the guide block is arranged in the guide rail in a sliding fit manner; one end of the rotating shaft is arranged in the round hole of the guide block through a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft is provided with a friction wheel; one end of the guide block spring is arranged on the inner wall surface of the guide rail, and the other end of the guide block spring is arranged on the guide block; the guide block spring is positioned in the guide rail; the sixth supporting plate is arranged on the upper surface of one end of the guide block, which is connected with the guide block spring; the second bevel gear is arranged on the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft and is positioned between the guide block and the friction wheel; the third telescopic rod consists of a third telescopic coat and a third telescopic inner rod; the third telescopic outer sleeve is arranged in a round hole of the fifth supporting plate through a bearing and is positioned on the upper side of the guide rail; the third telescopic inner rod is arranged in a circular hole of the sixth supporting plate through a bearing; one end of the third telescopic outer sleeve is provided with a second gear; the second gear is meshed with the first gear; one end of the third telescopic inner rod is provided with a first bevel gear; the fifth supporting plate is positioned between the second gear and the first bevel gear; the first bevel gear is meshed with the second bevel gear.

The arc-shaped plate is matched with the one-way clutch; the friction wheel is matched with the brake disc.

As a further improvement of the technology, the brake disc further comprises an axle fixing hole, wherein a plurality of axle fixing holes are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction on the side face, not connected with the driving shaft, of the brake disc. The wheels may be mounted on the brake disc by axles.

As a further improvement of the technology, one end of the guide key close to the first telescopic outer sleeve is provided with a round angle.

As a further improvement of the technology, when the first plate spring is not compressed, the arc-shaped plate is contacted with the outer circular surface of the one-way clutch ring, and the pressure of the arc-shaped plate on the one-way clutch ring is zero.

As a further improvement of the technology, the hydraulic shell is connected with a hydraulic system on the automobile through a hydraulic pipe.

As a further improvement of the technology, the U-shaped mounting plate is arranged on the automobile chassis.

As a further improvement in the present technique, the guide key is located in the corresponding key slot when the wrap spring is not compressed.

As a further improvement of the present technology, the guide spring is a compression spring.

One end of the first supporting plate is provided with a third fixing plate, and the other end of the first supporting plate is arranged in a sliding groove of the second fixing plate in a sliding fit mode; so first backup pad can play better supporting role to the third fixed plate, and can also guarantee that the third fixed plate is promoted steadily by first flexible interior pole and produce axial displacement.

The internal thread on the thread ring sleeve is in thread fit with the external thread on the first telescopic inner rod, so that the first telescopic inner rod can move along the axial direction in the rotating process of the first telescopic inner rod. Two guide keys on the first telescopic inner rod and two key slots matched with on the first gear are designed in the following way: firstly, when the first gear is not rotated, the first telescopic rod is not rotated, the volute spiral spring is not compressed, and the guide key is positioned in the corresponding key slot; secondly, when the first gear rotates, the first gear drives the first telescopic inner rod to rotate through the guide key, so that the first telescopic outer sleeve rotates, and the volute spiral spring is compressed; thirdly, in the rotating process of the first telescopic inner rod, because the internal thread on the thread ring sleeve is in thread fit with the external thread on the first telescopic inner rod, the first telescopic inner rod moves along the axial direction, and the two guide keys are gradually separated from the key groove of the first gear; fourthly, after the two guide keys are separated from the key grooves of the first gear, the first gear does not drive the first telescopic inner rod to rotate through the guide keys any more, and then the whole first telescopic rod does not rotate any more.

The arc-shaped plate and the one-way clutch are matched in design: firstly, when the first plate spring is not compressed, the arc-shaped plate is contacted with the outer circular surface of the one-way clutch ring, the pressure of the arc-shaped plate on the one-way clutch ring is zero, and the arc-shaped plate cannot limit the one-way clutch ring; secondly, when the second gear rotates, the second gear drives the rack to move towards the arc-shaped plate, the rack drives the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve to move towards the arc-shaped plate through the L-shaped plate, the first plate spring is compressed, the pressure of the arc-shaped plate to the one-way clutch ring is increased at the moment, and the arc-shaped plate generates a limiting effect on the one-way clutch ring, so that the first telescopic outer sleeve cannot be reversed under the action of the one-way clutch ring, and the compressed volute spiral spring cannot be released; thirdly, after the second gear no longer inputs power, under the reset action of first leaf spring, the flexible overcoat of rectangle removes to the direction of keeping away from the arc and resets, restores to the natural state until first leaf spring, and the arc is zero to the pressure that the one-way clutch closed the ring this moment, and the arc can not produce limiting displacement to the one-way clutch ring, and the volute spiral spring release of so compressed, first flexible overcoat drive the rotation of one-way clutch ring. For the one-way clutch ring, when the one-way clutch ring is not limited, the first telescopic outer sleeve can rotate forward and backward; when the one-way clutch ring is limited, the one-way clutch ring is set to allow the first telescopic outer sleeve to rotate forwards and not to allow the first telescopic outer sleeve to rotate backwards.

The friction wheel and brake disc matched with design lies in: firstly, when the friction wheel is not contacted with the brake disc, the brake disc can not drive the friction wheel to rotate; secondly, when the friction wheel contacts with the brake disc, the brake disc drives the friction wheel to rotate.

The design of a third telescopic outer sleeve, a third telescopic inner rod, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a guide block, a sixth supporting plate, a friction wheel and a rotating shaft is as follows: after the friction wheel is extruded by the brake disc, the friction wheel drives the guide block to move in the direction from the guide rail to the second gear through the rotating shaft, and then the guide block drives the third telescopic inner rod to move in the direction from the second gear through the sixth supporting plate, namely, when the guide block moves, the sixth supporting plate, the third telescopic inner rod, the rotating shaft, the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear all synchronously move, and the first bevel gear is always meshed with the second bevel gear in the moving process of the guide block.

When the driver brakes, the hydraulic system on the car starts to supply hydraulic oil, and the hydraulic column stretches. When the hydraulic column extends, the hydraulic column pushes the first fixing plate to move towards the direction of the brake disc, and then the second fixing plate, the power mechanism and the pressing mechanism move towards the direction of the brake disc. The brake block in the mechanism of exerting pressure like this and the contact brake of brake disc, the second telescopic link is compressed by the micro-compression this moment, and the telescopic link spring is compressed, has guaranteed to have great pressure between brake block and the brake disc. A friction wheel in the power mechanism is in extrusion contact with a brake disc, the friction wheel drives a guide block to move in the guide rail through a rotating shaft, and the guide block is compressed; the brake disc drives the friction wheel to rotate, the friction wheel drives the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating shaft drives the second bevel gear to rotate, the second bevel gear drives the third telescopic inner rod to rotate through the first bevel gear, the third telescopic inner rod drives the second gear to rotate through the third telescopic outer sleeve, and the second gear is set to rotate clockwise at the moment; the second gear drives the first gear to rotate anticlockwise, and the rotation of the first gear is set to be positive rotation at the moment. When the first gear rotates forwards, the first gear drives the first telescopic inner rod to rotate forwards through the guide key, so that the first telescopic outer sleeve rotates forwards, and the volute spiral spring is compressed; in the forward rotation process of the first telescopic inner rod, because the internal thread on the thread ring sleeve is in thread fit with the external thread on the first telescopic inner rod, the first telescopic inner rod moves towards the brake pad along the axial direction, and the two guide keys are gradually separated from the key grooves of the first gear. At the in-process that first flexible interior pole removed along the direction of axial direction to the brake block, the promotion of first flexible interior pole makes the distance between third fixed plate and the fourth fixed plate reduce, and then second telescopic link and telescopic link spring continue to be compressed, and the pressure crescent for the brake block is given to the fourth fixed plate, and the pressure between brake block and the brake disc increases gradually, and then makes the friction effect between brake block and the brake disc crescent. After two guide keys break away from the keyway of first gear, first gear will no longer drive first flexible interior pole corotation through the guide key, and then whole first telescopic link no longer corotation, the promotion of first flexible interior pole makes the distance between third fixed plate and the fourth fixed plate minimum this moment, second telescopic link and telescopic link spring are compressed to the limit, the pressure that the fourth fixed plate gave the brake block reaches the biggest, the pressure between brake block and the brake disc reaches the biggest, and then make the friction effect between brake block and the brake disc reach the biggest.

In the process that the first gear drives the second gear to rotate forwardly, the second gear drives the rack to move towards the arc-shaped plate until the second gear continuously stirs the tail end of the rack, the rack drives the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve to move towards the arc-shaped plate through the L-shaped plate, the first plate spring is compressed, the pressure of the arc-shaped plate on the one-way clutch ring is increased, the arc-shaped plate has a limiting effect on the one-way clutch ring, therefore, the first telescopic outer sleeve cannot rotate reversely under the action of the one-way clutch ring, and further the compressed volute spring cannot be released; that is to say, after the first gear no longer drives first flexible interior pole corotation through the guide key, first flexible interior pole and first flexible overcoat are no longer rotatory and first telescopic link maintains the present situation, and the external screw thread on the first flexible interior pole and the interior screw thread of screw thread ring cover are auto-lock under screw-thread fit, have guaranteed that the distance between third fixed plate and the fourth fixed plate is being kept minimum, is keeping the biggest friction effect between brake block and the brake disc.

When the driver does not brake any more, the hydraulic system on the automobile enables the hydraulic column to move and reset, the hydraulic column drives the first fixing plate to move towards the direction far away from the brake disc, and then the second fixing plate, the power mechanism and the pressing mechanism move towards the direction far away from the brake disc. The friction wheel in the power mechanism is separated from the contact fit with the brake disc, and the brake pad in the pressure mechanism is separated from the friction fit with the brake disc. After the brake block is separated from the friction fit with the brake disc, the second telescopic rod is restored to the natural state under the reset action of the telescopic rod spring. After the friction wheel is separated from the contact fit with the brake disc, the second gear does not obtain power any more, and the guide block moves and resets under the reset action of the guide block spring; under the effect that resets of first leaf spring, the flexible overcoat of rectangle removes to the direction of keeping away from the arc and resets, restores to the natural state until first leaf spring, and the arc is zero to the pressure of one-way clutch ring this moment, and the arc can not produce limiting displacement to one-way clutch ring, the volute spiral spring release of so compressed, the reversal of first flexible overcoat drive one-way clutch ring, the reversal of first flexible interior pole. Because the internal thread on the threaded ring sleeve is in threaded fit with the external thread on the first telescopic inner rod, the first telescopic inner rod drives the guide key to move towards the direction of the first telescopic outer sleeve along the axial direction in the process of reversing the first telescopic inner rod, and the guide key on the first telescopic inner rod can enter the key groove corresponding to the first gear again until the guide key is restored to the original position. When the guide key is not completely aligned with the corresponding key groove of the first gear and cannot enter, the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve moves and resets due to the first plate spring, the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve drives the rack to move and reset through the L-shaped plate, the rack drives the second gear to rotate reversely, and the second gear drives the first gear to rotate reversely; that is, when the guide key moves to reset and is inserted into the corresponding key slot of the first gear, the second gear rotates reversely; when the guide key is not completely aligned with the key groove corresponding to the first gear and cannot enter, the condition that the guide key is completely aligned with the key groove corresponding to the first gear can occur in the process of reversing the second gear, and the guide key can be moved to be reset and inserted into the key groove corresponding to the first gear. And finally, after the release of the volute spiral spring is finished, the first telescopic rod does not rotate any more, and the guide key is restored to the original position.

For the rapid braking mechanism, when a driver brakes normally, and the brake pad and the brake disc brake in a friction mode, the distance between the third fixing plate and the fourth fixing plate is gradually reduced until the distance reaches the limit position, the pressure applied to the brake pad by the fourth fixing plate is gradually increased until the pressure is maximum, and therefore the braking effect of the brake pad in the braking process can be gradually increased until the maximum braking effect is achieved. That is, compared with the conventional brake, the quick brake mechanism of the invention can brake the brake disc more quickly in the normal braking process of the driver, so that the automobile can stop more quickly. Particularly, when a driver suddenly brakes in an emergency, compared with the traditional sudden brake, the quick brake mechanism disclosed by the invention can brake the brake disc more quickly, so that the automobile stops more quickly, the possibility that the driver suddenly steps on the brake in the emergency is reduced, and the safety of the driver is protected more.

Compared with the traditional braking technology, when the rapid braking mechanism brakes, the friction wheel in the power mechanism is in friction fit with the brake disc, so that the power mechanism can provide power for the pressure applying mechanism, the distance between the third fixing plate and the fourth fixing plate is further shortened, the pressure of the fourth fixing plate on the brake pad is increased, and the purpose of increasing the braking effect is achieved. During emergency braking, the quick brake mechanism can shorten the braking time of emergency braking in the traditional brake mechanism, and can stop faster after the automobile meets emergency, thereby reducing the possibility that the automobile touches an accident after the driver meets emergency and steps on the brake suddenly, and protecting the safety of the driver more. The invention has simple structure and better use effect.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of the brake.

Fig. 2 is a front view of the brake.

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the pressing mechanism and the power mechanism.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a brake pad installation.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a scroll spring installation.

Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the threaded collar threadably engaging the external threads.

Fig. 7 is a first gear mounting schematic.

Fig. 8 is a schematic sectional view of the guide key cooperating with the first gear.

Figure 9 is a schematic view of the power mechanism installation.

Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the arc plate and the one-way clutch ring.

Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a telescoping plate.

Fig. 12 is a schematic view of rail installation.

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the engagement of a first bevel gear and a second bevel gear.

Fig. 14 is a schematic view of guide block installation.

Number designation in the figures: 1. a drive shaft; 2. an axle fixing hole; 3. a brake disc; 4. a hydraulic shell; 5. a U-shaped mounting plate; 6. a hydraulic column; 8. a first fixing plate; 9. a second fixing plate; 10. a chute; 12. a pressure applying mechanism; 13. a power mechanism; 15. a first telescopic rod; 16. a first telescoping outer sleeve; 17. a first telescopic inner rod; 18. a unidirectional clutch ring; 19. a guide key; 20. an external thread; 21. a third fixing plate; 22. a first support plate; 23. a second telescopic rod; 24. a telescopic rod spring; 25. a fourth fixing plate; 26. a brake pad; 27. a volute spiral spring; 28. connecting blocks; 29. a fixing ring; 30. a second support plate; 31. a support sleeve; 32. a third support plate; 33. a threaded ring sleeve; 34. a first gear; 35. a rod hole; 36. a keyway; 37. a retractable plate; 38. an arc-shaped plate; 39. a telescopic inner plate; 40. a rectangular support ring; 41. a fourth support plate; 42. a rectangular telescopic outer sleeve; 43. an L-shaped plate; 44. a second gear; 45. a fifth support plate; 51. a friction wheel; 55. a rack; 56. a first plate spring; 58. a rotating shaft; 64. round corners; 65. a guide rail; 66. a third telescopic rod; 67. a third telescopic coat; 68. a third telescopic inner rod; 69. a first bevel gear; 70. a second bevel gear; 71. a sixth support plate; 72. a guide block spring; 73. and a guide block.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the brake disc comprises a driving shaft 1, a brake disc 3, a hydraulic casing 4, a U-shaped mounting plate 5, a hydraulic column 6, a first fixing plate 8, a second fixing plate 9, a sliding groove 10, a pressing mechanism 12, a power mechanism 13 and the like, wherein the brake disc 3 is mounted at one end of the driving shaft 1 as shown in fig. 1 and 2; one end of the U-shaped mounting plate 5 is provided with a hydraulic shell 4; as shown in fig. 3, one end of the two hydraulic columns 6 is located in the hydraulic shell 4, and the other end is provided with a first fixing plate 8; a second fixing plate 9 is arranged at the lower side of the first fixing plate 8; the pressing mechanism 12 is arranged on the first fixing plate 8 and the second fixing plate 9; the power mechanism 13 is arranged on the second fixing plate 9; as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the brake disc 3 is positioned in the U-shaped mounting plate 5, and the brake disc 3 is respectively matched with the pressing mechanism 12 and the power mechanism 13; as shown in fig. 5, a sliding groove 10 is formed on an upper surface of an end of the second fixing plate 9 away from the first fixing plate 8.

As shown in fig. 4, 5 and 8, the pressing mechanism 12 includes a first telescopic rod 15, a one-way clutch ring 18, a guide key 19, an external thread 20, a third fixing plate 21, a first support plate 22, a second telescopic rod 23, a telescopic rod spring 24, a fourth fixing plate 25, a brake pad 26, a spiral spring 27, a connecting block 28, a fixing ring 29, a second support plate 30, a support sleeve 31, a third support plate 32, a threaded ring sleeve 33, a first gear 34, a rod hole 35 and a key slot 36, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, wherein the first telescopic rod 15 is composed of a first telescopic outer sleeve 16 and a first telescopic inner rod 17; as shown in fig. 5, one end of the first telescopic outer casing 16 is mounted in the circular hole of the first fixing plate 8 through a bearing; the one-way clutch ring 18 is arranged on the outer circular surface of the first telescopic outer sleeve 16; one end of the scroll spring 27 is mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the first telescopic outer sleeve 16, and the other end is mounted on the first fixing plate 8 through a connecting block 28; scroll spring 27 is located between one-way clutch ring 18 and first stationary plate 8; as shown in fig. 5 and 8, one end of the first supporting plate 22 is mounted with the third fixing plate 21, and the other end is mounted in the sliding groove 10 of the second fixing plate 9 by a sliding fit; as shown in fig. 4, one end of the first telescopic inner rod 17 away from the first telescopic outer sleeve 16 is mounted in a circular hole of the third fixing plate 21 through a bearing; the outer circular surface of the first telescopic inner rod 17 is provided with a section of external thread 20; two guide keys 19 are symmetrically arranged on the outer circular surface of the first telescopic inner rod 17; the external thread 20 is positioned between the third fixing plate 21 and the guide key 19; as shown in fig. 6, a threaded collar 33 is mounted on the second fixing plate 9 through a third support plate 32; the inner circular surface of the threaded ring sleeve 33 is provided with internal threads; the internal thread on the thread ring sleeve 33 is in thread fit with the external thread 20 on the first telescopic inner rod 17; as shown in fig. 6 and 8, the fixing ring 29 is mounted on the second fixing plate 9 via a second support plate 30; one end of the support sleeve 31 is mounted on the inner circumferential surface of the fixed ring 29 through a bearing, as shown in fig. 7, and the other end is mounted with a first gear 34; a rod hole 35 is formed in the first gear 34, and two through key grooves 36 are symmetrically formed in the inner circular surface of the rod hole 35; as shown in fig. 6 and 8, the first gear 34 is located between the external thread 20 and the one-way clutch ring 18; as shown in fig. 8, the first telescopic inner lever 17 passes through the lever hole 35 of the first gear 34; the two guide keys 19 on the first telescopic inner rod 17 are matched with the two key slots 36 on the first gear 34; as shown in fig. 4 and 5, one end of each of the two second telescopic rods 23 is mounted on the side of the third fixing plate 21 away from the first telescopic inner rod 17, and the other end is mounted with a fourth fixing plate 25; the two second telescopic rods 23 are symmetrically distributed on the third fixing plate 21; as shown in fig. 4, two telescopic rod springs 24 are respectively sleeved on the two second telescopic rods 23, one end of each of the two telescopic rod springs 24 is mounted on the third fixing plate 21, and the other end is mounted on the fourth fixing plate 25; the brake block 26 is mounted on the side of the fourth fixing plate 25 remote from the second telescopic bar 23.

The brake pads 26 are fitted to the brake disc 3.

As shown in fig. 9, 12 and 13, the power mechanism 13 includes an expansion plate 37, an arc plate 38, a rectangular support ring 40, a fourth support plate 41, an L-shaped plate 43, a second gear 44, a fifth support plate 45, a friction wheel 51, a rack 55, a first plate spring 56, a rotating shaft 58, a guide rail 65, a third expansion rod 66, a first bevel gear 69, a second bevel gear 70, a sixth support plate 71, a guide spring 72 and a guide block 73, as shown in fig. 9 and 12, wherein the rectangular support ring 40 is mounted on the second fixing plate 9 through the fourth support plate 41; as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the telescopic plate 37 is composed of a telescopic inner plate 39 and a rectangular telescopic outer sleeve 42; the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve 42 is arranged in the rectangular support ring 40 in a sliding fit manner; as shown in fig. 11, the end of the inner telescopic plate 39 away from the rectangular outer telescopic sleeve 42 is provided with an arc plate 38; one end of the first plate spring 56 is mounted on the inner wall surface of the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve 42, and the other end is mounted on one end of the telescopic inner plate 39; the first leaf spring 56 is located in the rectangular telescoping outer sleeve 42; one end of the L-shaped plate 43 is arranged on the outer side surface of the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve 42, and the other end is provided with a rack 55; as shown in fig. 12, the fifth support plate 45 is mounted on the second fixing plate 9; the guide rail 65 is installed on the side of the fifth support plate 45; as shown in fig. 13 and 14, the guide block 73 is mounted in the guide rail 65 by means of a sliding fit; one end of the rotating shaft 58 is arranged in a circular hole of the guide block 73 through a bearing, and the other end is provided with the friction wheel 51; one end of the guide spring 72 is mounted on the inner wall surface of the guide rail 65, and the other end is mounted on the guide 73; the guide block spring 72 is located in the guide rail 65; the sixth support plate 71 is mounted on the upper surface of one end of the guide block 73 to which the guide block spring 72 is connected; the second bevel gear 70 is installed on the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft 58, and the second bevel gear 70 is located between the guide block 73 and the friction wheel 51; as shown in fig. 13, the third telescopic rod 66 is composed of a third telescopic outer sleeve 67 and a third telescopic inner rod 68; as shown in fig. 12, the third telescopic outer sleeve 67 is mounted in the circular hole of the fifth support plate 45 by a bearing, and the third telescopic outer sleeve 67 is located on the upper side of the guide rail 65; as shown in fig. 13, the third telescopic inner rod 68 is mounted in a circular hole of the sixth support plate 71 through a bearing; one end of the third telescopic outer sleeve 67 is provided with a second gear 44; as shown in fig. 10, the second gear 44 is meshed with the first gear 34; as shown in fig. 13, a first bevel gear 69 is mounted to one end of the third telescopic inner lever 68; as shown in fig. 12, the fifth support plate 45 is located between the second gear 44 and the first bevel gear 69; as shown in fig. 13, the first bevel gear 69 meshes with the second bevel gear 70.

As shown in fig. 10, the arcuate plate 38 engages the one-way clutch; as shown in fig. 1, the friction wheel 51 cooperates with the brake disc 3.

As shown in fig. 1, it further comprises an axle fixing hole 2, wherein a plurality of axle fixing holes 2 are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction on the side surface of the brake disc 3 not connected with the driving shaft 1. The wheels may be mounted on the brake disc 3 by axles.

As shown in fig. 10, the end of the guide key 19 adjacent the first telescoping outer sleeve 16 has a rounded corner 64.

As shown in fig. 10, when the first plate spring 56 is not compressed, the arc-shaped plate 38 is in contact with the outer circumferential surface of the unidirectional clutch ring 18, and the pressure of the arc-shaped plate 38 against the unidirectional clutch ring 18 is zero.

The hydraulic shell 4 is connected with a hydraulic system on the automobile through a hydraulic pipe.

The U-shaped mounting plate 5 is mounted on the chassis of the automobile.

As shown in fig. 5 and 8, when the wrap spring 27 is not compressed, the guide key 19 is located in the corresponding key slot 36.

The guide spring 72 is a compression spring.

One end of the first supporting plate 22 is provided with a third fixing plate 21, and the other end is arranged in the sliding groove 10 of the second fixing plate 9 in a sliding fit manner; the first supporting plate 22 can support the third fixing plate 21 well and ensure that the third fixing plate 21 is pushed by the first telescopic inner rod 17 to move axially stably.

The internal thread on the threaded collar 33 is in threaded engagement with the external thread 20 on the first telescopic inner rod 17, so that the first telescopic inner rod 17 can be moved in the axial direction during rotation of the first telescopic inner rod 17. The two guide keys 19 on the first telescopic inner rod 17 and the two key slots 36 on the first gear 34 are designed in such a way that: first, when the first gear 34 is not rotated, the first telescopic rod 15 is not rotated, the spiral spring 27 is not compressed, and the guide key 19 is located in the corresponding key slot 36; secondly, when the first gear 34 rotates, the first gear 34 drives the first telescopic inner rod 17 to rotate through the guide key 19, so that the first telescopic outer sleeve 16 rotates, and the scroll spring 27 is compressed; thirdly, in the rotating process of the first telescopic inner rod 17, because the internal thread on the thread ring sleeve 33 is in thread fit with the external thread 20 on the first telescopic inner rod 17, the first telescopic inner rod 17 moves along the axial direction, and the two guide keys 19 are gradually separated from the key slot 36 of the first gear 34; fourthly, when the two guide keys 19 are disengaged from the key slots 36 of the first gear 34, the first gear 34 will not drive the first telescopic inner rod 17 to rotate through the guide keys 19, and the whole first telescopic rod 15 will not rotate.

The arc-shaped plate 38 is designed to cooperate with the one-way clutch: firstly, when the first plate spring 56 is not compressed, the arc-shaped plate 38 is in contact with the outer circular surface of the unidirectional clutch ring 18, at this time, the pressure of the arc-shaped plate 38 on the unidirectional clutch ring 18 is zero, and the arc-shaped plate 38 cannot limit the unidirectional clutch ring 18; secondly, in the process of rotating the second gear 44, the second gear 44 drives the rack 55 to move towards the arc-shaped plate 38, the rack 55 drives the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve 42 to move towards the arc-shaped plate 38 through the L-shaped plate 43, the first plate spring 56 is compressed, the pressure of the arc-shaped plate 38 on the one-way clutch ring 18 is increased, the arc-shaped plate 38 generates a limiting effect on the one-way clutch ring 18, so that under the effect of the one-way clutch ring 18, the first telescopic outer sleeve 16 cannot be reversed, and further the compressed volute spiral spring 27 cannot be released; thirdly, after the second gear 44 no longer inputs power, under the reset action of the first plate spring 56, the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve 42 moves to the direction away from the arc-shaped plate 38 to reset until the first plate spring 56 recovers to the natural state, at this time, the pressure of the arc-shaped plate 38 on the one-way clutch ring 18 is zero, the arc-shaped plate 38 cannot generate a limiting action on the one-way clutch ring 18, so that the compressed volute spring 27 is released, and the first telescopic outer sleeve 16 drives the one-way clutch ring 18 to rotate. For the one-way clutch ring 18, when the one-way clutch ring 18 is not limited, the first telescopic outer sleeve 16 can rotate forward and backward; when the one-way clutch ring 18 is restrained, the one-way clutch ring 18 is set to allow the first telescopic outer jacket 16 to rotate forward and not to allow the first telescopic outer jacket 16 to rotate backward.

The design of the friction wheel 51 in cooperation with the brake disc 3 is as follows: firstly, when the friction wheel 51 is not in contact with the brake disc 3, the brake disc 3 does not drive the friction wheel 51 to rotate; secondly, when the friction wheel 51 is in contact with the brake disc 3, the brake disc 3 rotates the friction wheel 51.

The design of the third telescopic outer sleeve 67, the third telescopic inner rod 68, the first bevel gear 69, the second bevel gear 70, the guide block 73, the sixth supporting plate 71, the friction wheel 51 and the rotating shaft 58 in the invention is as follows: after the friction wheel 51 is squeezed by the brake disc 3, the friction wheel 51 drives the guide block 73 to move in the direction of the second gear 44 on the guide rail 65 through the rotating shaft 58, and then the guide block 73 drives the third telescopic inner rod 68 to move in the direction of the second gear 44 through the sixth support plate 71, that is, when the guide block 73 moves, the sixth support plate 71, the third telescopic inner rod 68, the rotating shaft 58, the first bevel gear 69 and the second bevel gear 70 all move synchronously, so that the first bevel gear 69 is always meshed with the second bevel gear 70 in the moving process of the guide block 73.

The specific implementation mode is as follows: when the driver brakes, the hydraulic system on the car starts to supply hydraulic oil, and the hydraulic column 6 is extended. When the hydraulic column 6 extends, the hydraulic column 6 pushes the first fixing plate 8 to move towards the brake disc 3, and then the second fixing plate 9, the power mechanism 13 and the pressing mechanism 12 move towards the brake disc 3. Therefore, the brake pad 26 in the pressure applying mechanism 12 is in contact with the brake disc 3 to brake, at the moment, the second telescopic rod 23 is slightly compressed, and the telescopic rod spring 24 is compressed, so that a large pressure is ensured to exist between the brake pad 26 and the brake disc 3. The friction wheel 51 in the power mechanism 13 is in pressing contact with the brake disc 3, the friction wheel 51 drives the guide block 73 to move in the guide rail 65 through the rotating shaft 58, and the guide block 73 is compressed; the brake disc 3 drives the friction wheel 51 to rotate, the friction wheel 51 drives the rotating shaft 58 to rotate, the rotating shaft 58 drives the second bevel gear 70 to rotate, the second bevel gear 70 drives the third telescopic inner rod 68 to rotate through the first bevel gear 69, the third telescopic inner rod 68 drives the second gear 44 to rotate through the third telescopic outer sleeve 67, and as shown in fig. 10, the second gear 44 is set to rotate clockwise at the moment; the second gear 44 drives the first gear 34 to rotate counterclockwise, and then the rotation of the first gear 34 is set to be the forward rotation. When the first gear 34 rotates forward, the first gear 34 drives the first telescopic inner rod 17 to rotate forward through the guide key 19, so that the first telescopic outer sleeve 16 rotates forward, and the volute spiral spring 27 is compressed; during the forward rotation of the first telescopic inner rod 17, since the internal thread on the threaded ring sleeve 33 is in threaded engagement with the external thread 20 on the first telescopic inner rod 17, the first telescopic inner rod 17 moves in the axial direction towards the brake pad 26, and the two guide keys 19 gradually disengage from the key slots 36 of the first gear 34. In the process that first flexible interior pole 17 removed along the direction of axial direction to brake block 26, the promotion of first flexible interior pole 17 makes the distance between third fixed plate 21 and the fourth fixed plate 25 reduce, and then second telescopic link 23 and telescopic link spring 24 continue to be compressed, and the pressure that brake block 26 was given to fourth fixed plate 25 increases gradually, and the pressure between brake block 26 and the brake disc 3 increases gradually, and then makes the friction effect between brake block 26 and the brake disc 3 increase gradually. After the two guide keys 19 are separated from the key grooves 36 of the first gear 34, the first gear 34 will not drive the first telescopic inner rod 17 to rotate forward through the guide keys 19 any more, and then the whole first telescopic rod 15 does not rotate forward any more, the distance between the third fixing plate 21 and the fourth fixing plate 25 is made to be the minimum by the pushing of the first telescopic inner rod 17 at this time, the second telescopic rod 23 and the telescopic rod spring 24 are compressed to the limit, the pressure of the fourth fixing plate 25 on the brake pad 26 is the maximum, the pressure between the brake pad 26 and the brake disc 3 is the maximum, and further the friction effect between the brake pad 26 and the brake disc 3 is the maximum.

In the process that the first gear 34 drives the second gear 44 to rotate forward, the second gear 44 drives the rack 55 to move towards the arc-shaped plate 38 until the second gear 44 continuously drives the tail end of the rack 55, the rack 55 drives the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve 42 to move towards the arc-shaped plate 38 through the L-shaped plate 43, the first plate spring 56 is compressed, the pressure of the arc-shaped plate 38 on the one-way clutch ring 18 is increased, the arc-shaped plate 38 has a limiting effect on the one-way clutch ring 18, so that under the action of the one-way clutch ring 18, the first telescopic outer sleeve 16 cannot rotate backward, and further the compressed volute spiral spring 27 cannot be released; that is to say, after the first gear 34 no longer drives the first telescopic inner rod 17 to rotate forward through the guide key 19, the first telescopic inner rod 17 and the first telescopic outer sleeve 16 no longer rotate and the first telescopic rod 15 maintains the current situation, the external thread 20 on the first telescopic inner rod 17 and the internal thread of the threaded ring sleeve 33 are self-locked under the threaded fit, so that the distance between the third fixing plate 21 and the fourth fixing plate 25 is kept to be minimum, and the maximum friction effect is kept between the brake pad 26 and the brake disc 3.

When the driver stops braking, the hydraulic system on the automobile enables the hydraulic column 6 to move and reset, the hydraulic column 6 drives the first fixing plate 8 to move towards the direction far away from the brake disc 3, and then the second fixing plate 9, the power mechanism 13 and the pressing mechanism 12 move towards the direction far away from the brake disc 3. The friction wheel 51 in the power mechanism 13 is out of contact engagement with the brake disc 3 and the brake pads 26 in the pressure applying mechanism 12 are out of friction engagement with the brake disc 3. After the brake block 26 is disengaged from the friction fit with the brake disc 3, the second telescopic rod 23 is restored to the natural state under the restoring action of the telescopic rod spring 24. After the friction wheel 51 is disengaged from the contact fit with the brake disc 3, the second gear 44 does not obtain power any more, and the guide block 73 moves and resets under the resetting action of the guide block spring 72; under the reset action of first leaf spring 56, flexible overcoat 42 of rectangular moves to the direction of keeping away from arc 38 and resets, restores to the natural state until first leaf spring 56, and the pressure of arc 38 to one-way clutch ring 18 is zero this moment, and arc 38 can not produce limiting displacement to one-way clutch ring 18, and the volute spiral spring 27 of so compressed releases, and first flexible overcoat 16 drives the reversal of one-way clutch ring 18, the reversal of first flexible interior pole 17. Because the internal thread on the threaded ring sleeve 33 is in threaded fit with the external thread 20 on the first telescopic inner rod 17, in the process of reversing the first telescopic inner rod 17, the first telescopic inner rod 17 drives the guide key 19 to move along the axial direction towards the first telescopic outer sleeve 16, and the guide key 19 on the first telescopic inner rod 17 enters the corresponding key slot 36 of the first gear 34 again until the guide key 19 returns to the original position. When the guide key 19 is not aligned with the corresponding key slot 36 of the first gear 34 completely and cannot enter, the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve 42 is moved and reset by the first plate spring 56, the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve 42 drives the rack 55 to move and reset through the L-shaped plate 43, the rack 55 drives the second gear 44 to rotate reversely, and the second gear 44 drives the first gear 34 to rotate reversely; that is, when the guide key 19 is moved to be inserted into the corresponding key groove 36 of the first gear 34, the second gear 44 is reversed; when the guide key 19 is not completely aligned with the corresponding key slot 36 of the first gear 34 and cannot enter, the guide key 19 can be reset to be inserted into the corresponding key slot 36 of the first gear 34 when the guide key 19 is completely aligned with the corresponding key slot 36 of the first gear 34 during the reverse rotation of the second gear 44. Finally, after the release of the spiral spring 27 is completed, the first telescopic rod 15 is not rotated any more, and the guide key 19 is restored to the original position.

With the quick brake mechanism of the present invention, when a driver brakes normally, and the brake pad 26 and the brake disc 3 brake by friction, the distance between the third fixing plate 21 and the fourth fixing plate 25 gradually decreases until reaching a limit position, and the pressure applied by the fourth fixing plate 25 to the brake pad 26 gradually increases until reaching a maximum, so that the braking effect of the brake pad 26 during braking gradually increases until reaching a maximum braking effect. That is, compared with the conventional brake, the quick brake mechanism of the present invention can brake the brake disc 3 more quickly during the normal braking process of the driver, so that the vehicle can stop more quickly. Particularly, when a driver suddenly brakes in an emergency, compared with the traditional sudden brake, the quick brake mechanism disclosed by the invention can also brake the brake disc 3 more quickly, so that the automobile stops more quickly, the possibility that the driver suddenly steps on the brake in the emergency is reduced, and the safety of the driver is protected more.

In conclusion, the invention has the main beneficial effects that: when the quick brake mechanism of the invention brakes, the friction wheel 51 in the power mechanism 13 is in friction fit with the brake disc 3, so that the power mechanism 13 can provide power for the pressure applying mechanism 12, further the distance between the third fixing plate 21 and the fourth fixing plate 25 is shortened, the pressure of the fourth fixing plate 25 on the brake pad 26 is increased, and the purpose of increasing the brake effect is achieved. During emergency braking, the quick brake mechanism can shorten the braking time of emergency braking in the traditional brake mechanism, and can stop faster after the automobile meets emergency, thereby reducing the possibility that the automobile touches an accident after the driver meets emergency and steps on the brake suddenly, and protecting the safety of the driver more. The invention has simple structure and better use effect.

Claims

1. A brake mechanism for an automobile, characterized in that: the brake disc comprises a driving shaft, a brake disc, a hydraulic shell, a U-shaped mounting plate, a hydraulic column, a first fixing plate, a second fixing plate, a sliding chute, a pressing mechanism, a power mechanism and the like, wherein the brake disc is mounted at one end of the driving shaft; one end of the U-shaped mounting plate is provided with a hydraulic shell; one end of each of the two hydraulic columns is positioned in the hydraulic shell, and the other end of each of the two hydraulic columns is provided with a first fixing plate; a second fixing plate is arranged at the lower side of the first fixing plate; the pressing mechanism is arranged on the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate; the power mechanism is arranged on the second fixing plate; the brake disc is positioned in the U-shaped mounting plate and is respectively matched with the pressure mechanism and the power mechanism; the upper surface of one end of the second fixing plate, which is far away from the first fixing plate, is provided with a sliding chute;

the pressure applying mechanism comprises a first telescopic rod, a one-way clutch ring, a guide key, an external thread, a third fixing plate, a first supporting plate, a second telescopic rod, a telescopic rod spring, a fourth fixing plate, a brake pad, a volute spring, a connecting block, a fixing ring, a second supporting plate, a supporting sleeve, a third supporting plate, a threaded ring sleeve, a first gear, a rod hole and a key groove, wherein the first telescopic rod is composed of a first telescopic outer sleeve and a first telescopic inner rod; one end of the first telescopic outer sleeve is arranged in a round hole of the first fixing plate through a bearing; the one-way clutch ring is arranged on the outer circular surface of the first telescopic outer sleeve; one end of the volute spiral spring is arranged on the outer circular surface of the first telescopic outer sleeve, and the other end of the volute spiral spring is arranged on the first fixing plate through a connecting block; the scroll spring is positioned between the one-way clutch ring and the first fixed plate; one end of the first supporting plate is provided with a third fixing plate, and the other end of the first supporting plate is arranged in a sliding groove of the second fixing plate in a sliding fit mode; one end of the first telescopic inner rod, which is far away from the first telescopic outer sleeve, is arranged in a round hole of the third fixing plate through a bearing; the outer circular surface of the first telescopic inner rod is provided with a section of external thread; two guide keys are symmetrically arranged on the outer circular surface of the first telescopic inner rod; the external thread is positioned between the third fixing plate and the guide key; the threaded ring sleeve is arranged on the second fixing plate through a third supporting plate; the inner circular surface of the threaded ring sleeve is provided with internal threads; the internal thread on the thread ring sleeve is in thread fit with the external thread on the first telescopic inner rod; the fixing ring is arranged on the second fixing plate through a second supporting plate; one end of the supporting sleeve is arranged on the inner circular surface of the fixing ring through a bearing, and the other end of the supporting sleeve is provided with a first gear; a rod hole is formed in the first gear, and two through key grooves are symmetrically formed in the inner circular surface of the rod hole; the first gear is positioned between the external thread and the one-way clutch ring; the first telescopic inner rod penetrates through a rod hole of the first gear; two guide keys on the first telescopic inner rod are matched with two key grooves on the first gear; one end of each of the two second telescopic rods is arranged on the side face, far away from the first telescopic inner rod, of the third fixing plate, and the other end of each of the two second telescopic rods is provided with a fourth fixing plate; the two second telescopic rods are symmetrically distributed on the third fixing plate; the two telescopic rod springs are respectively sleeved on the two second telescopic rods, one ends of the two telescopic rod springs are installed on the third fixing plate, and the other ends of the two telescopic rod springs are installed on the fourth fixing plate; the brake block is arranged on the side surface of the fourth fixing plate far away from the second telescopic rod;

the brake pad is matched with the brake disc;

the power mechanism comprises a telescopic plate, an arc-shaped plate, a rectangular support ring, a fourth support plate, an L-shaped plate, a second gear, a fifth support plate, a friction wheel, a rack, a first plate spring, a rotating shaft, a guide rail, a third telescopic rod, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, a sixth support plate, a guide block spring and a guide block, wherein the rectangular support ring is arranged on a second fixing plate through the fourth support plate; the telescopic plate consists of a telescopic inner plate and a rectangular telescopic outer sleeve; the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve is arranged in the rectangular support ring in a sliding fit manner; an arc-shaped plate is arranged at one end of the telescopic inner plate, which is far away from the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve; one end of the first plate spring is arranged on the inner wall surface of the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve, and the other end of the first plate spring is arranged on one end of the telescopic inner plate; the first plate spring is positioned in the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve; one end of the L-shaped plate is arranged on the outer side surface of the rectangular telescopic outer sleeve, and the other end of the L-shaped plate is provided with a rack; the fifth supporting plate is arranged on the second fixing plate; the guide rail is arranged on the side surface of the fifth supporting plate; the guide block is arranged in the guide rail in a sliding fit manner; one end of the rotating shaft is arranged in the round hole of the guide block through a bearing, and the other end of the rotating shaft is provided with a friction wheel; one end of the guide block spring is arranged on the inner wall surface of the guide rail, and the other end of the guide block spring is arranged on the guide block; the guide block spring is positioned in the guide rail; the sixth supporting plate is arranged on the upper surface of one end of the guide block, which is connected with the guide block spring; the second bevel gear is arranged on the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft and is positioned between the guide block and the friction wheel; the third telescopic rod consists of a third telescopic coat and a third telescopic inner rod; the third telescopic outer sleeve is arranged in a round hole of the fifth supporting plate through a bearing and is positioned on the upper side of the guide rail; the third telescopic inner rod is arranged in a circular hole of the sixth supporting plate through a bearing; one end of the third telescopic outer sleeve is provided with a second gear; the second gear is meshed with the first gear; one end of the third telescopic inner rod is provided with a first bevel gear; the fifth supporting plate is positioned between the second gear and the first bevel gear; the first bevel gear is meshed with the second bevel gear;

the arc-shaped plate is matched with the one-way clutch; the friction wheel is matched with the brake disc;

the brake disc also comprises an axle fixing hole, wherein a plurality of axle fixing holes are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction on the side surface of the brake disc, which is not connected with the driving shaft;

one end of the guide key close to the first telescopic outer sleeve is provided with a round angle;

when the first plate spring is not compressed, the arc-shaped plate is contacted with the outer circular surface of the unidirectional clutch ring, and the pressure of the arc-shaped plate on the unidirectional clutch ring is zero at the moment;

the hydraulic shell is connected with a hydraulic system on the automobile through a hydraulic pipe.

2. A brake mechanism for an automobile according to claim 1, wherein: the U-shaped mounting plate is mounted on the automobile chassis.

3. A brake mechanism for an automobile according to claim 1, wherein: when the wrap spring is not compressed, the guide key is located in the corresponding keyway.

4. A brake mechanism for an automobile according to claim 1, wherein: the guide block spring is a compression spring.