CN110791688A - High-strength high-fracture-toughness aluminum alloy bar and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength high-fracture-toughness aluminum alloy bar and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/053—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminum alloy bar and a preparation method thereof, wherein the bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1 to 5 weight percent of zinc Zn, 2 to 5 weight percent of magnesium Mg, 0.3 to 1 weight percent of scandium Sc, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum and Al. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) heating the aluminum ingot to melt the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid, and adding a magnesium ingot, a zinc ingot and an aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy; (2) heating to 730-740 ℃, fully stirring, standing, refining and degassing at 720-730 ℃, deslagging, keeping warm and standing, and casting into aluminum alloy casting at 700-710 DEG CAn ingot; (3) and carrying out hot extrusion and subsequent heat treatment on the aluminum alloy cast ingot to form the high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminum alloy bar. Compared with the prior art, the aluminum-zinc-magnesium-scandium bar prepared by the invention has high strength, the tensile strength reaches 495MPa, the yield strength reaches 415MPa, the elongation is more than 10%, and the plane strain fracture toughness reaches 55 MPa.m1/2。
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of aluminum alloy structural materials, and particularly relates to a scandium-containing aluminum-zinc-magnesium alloy bar and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum-zinc-magnesium (7xxx series) alloy as a heat treatment strengthened type ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy has the characteristics of high strength, low density and good hot workability, and is widely applied to the field of aerospace. However, the development of aerospace technology increasingly requires for metal structural materials, and not only the strength requirement but also important application indexes such as fracture toughness and the like need to be met. At present, the plane strain fracture toughness of the common 7xxx series aluminum alloy is between 20 and 40 MPa.m1/2The method has important significance in 7xxx series alloy development when improving the strength of the aluminum-zinc-magnesium series alloy and simultaneously improving the fracture toughness.
Scandium is used as the most effective microalloying element in the aluminum alloy, can effectively improve the comprehensive performance of the 7xxx series aluminum alloy, and the addition of scandium is a feasible method for improving the fracture toughness of the series aluminum alloy. Generally, the intrinsic factors affecting fracture toughness include the size of the grain structure, the degree of recrystallization, and the morphology of the precipitation sites of the second phase. The fine grains contribute to an increase in fracture toughness, and the unrecrystallized fibrous structure has a higher fracture toughness than the subgrain and recrystallized structure. In addition, reducing the formation of coarse brittle phases and intergranular secondary phases is also an important way to improve fracture toughness. The addition of trace scandium element can not only obviously refine crystal grains to form a dispersed and fine Al3Sc precipitated phase, improve the strength of the aluminum alloy, but also effectively improve the recrystallization temperature of the aluminum alloy and overcome the defect that the traditional aluminum alloy is easy to recrystallize in the hot working and heat treatment processes. Therefore, scandium provides a possibility and an effective way for developing high-strength and high-fracture toughness aluminum alloy.
Through search, the Chinese invention patent with the publication number of CN108456812A provides a low Sc, high strength, high toughness and high hardenability aluminum-zinc-magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, and the components of the alloy are 5.5-6.0% of Zn, 1.8-2.2% of Mg, 0.3-0.4% of Cu, 0.2-0.4% of Mn, 0.05-0.12% of Sc, 0.06-0.12% of Zr, 0.05-0.20% of Cr0.03-0.06% of Ti and the balance of Al, wherein the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation of the alloy respectively reach 605MPa, 583MPa and 10.5%; the Chinese invention patent with the publication number of CN103981408A provides a high-strength weldable Al-Zn-Mg-Mn-Sc alloy and a preparation method thereof, the components are Zn5.2-5.6%, Mg1.8-2.2%, Mn0.2-0.4%, Sc0.26-0.38%, and the balance is Al, the tensile strength reaches 550-570MPa, the yield strength reaches 530-540MPa, and the elongation reaches 13-14%; the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN106702235A provides an aluminum alloy with high strength and high fracture toughness, which comprises the components of 0.2-1% of Sc0.2%, 3-6% of Zn, 1-2% of Mg, 0.5-1% of Zr0.5-1% of Fe<0.1% and the balance of Al, fracture toughness>50MPa·m1/2The strength is above 500 MPa. These patents all feature higher Zn/Mg ratio, which can effectively improve alloy strength, but produce a large amount of MgZn2The second phase of the grain boundary can generate adverse effect on the improvement of the fracture toughness, and the addition of the Mn element and the impurity Fe element can easily form a needle-shaped second phase, so that the crack expansion resistance caused by the addition of the Sc element is weakened, and the fracture toughness is greatly reduced. Chinese patent application CN110093537A discloses an aluminum magnesium scandium alloy bar with high fracture toughness and a preparation method thereof, wherein the alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-5 wt% of magnesium Mg, 0.25-0.4 wt% of scandium Sc, less than or equal to 0.1 wt% of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum Al. Although the patent reduces the dosage of other alloy elements and improves the strength and the toughness of the alloy, the absolute strength limitation of the alloy can only be applied to parts of aerospace components with lower strength requirements, and the invention can greatly improve the strength and maintain high fracture toughness by adding Zn element.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an aluminum alloy bar with high strength and high fracture toughness, which contains three alloying elements of Zn, Mg and Sc and is prepared by casting and extruding processes, and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminum alloy bar is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 1 to 5 weight percent of zinc Zn, 2 to 5 weight percent of magnesium Mg, 0.3 to 1 weight percent of scandium Sc, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum and Al.
Further, the content of Sc is not less than 0.35 wt%.
Furthermore, the content of Mg is less than or equal to 5 wt%, the content of Zn is less than or equal to 5 wt%, the mass ratio of Zn to Mg is 5:2, and the total amount of Zn and Mg is 7 wt%.
The preparation method of the high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminum alloy bar is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) heating the aluminum ingot to melt the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid, and adding a zinc ingot, an aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy and a magnesium ingot;
(2) heating to 730-740 ℃, fully stirring, standing, refining and degassing at 720-730 ℃, removing slag, keeping warm and standing, and casting into aluminum alloy cast ingots at 700-710 ℃;
(3) and carrying out hot extrusion on the aluminum alloy cast ingot to form the high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminum alloy bar.
Further, the purity of the aluminum ingot in the step (1) is not lower than 99.9%, and the purity of the zinc ingot is not lower than 99.5%; the purity of the magnesium ingot is not lower than 99.95%, and the weight percentage of scandium in the aluminum-scandium master alloy is 2%.
Further, the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the step (1) is 660-670 ℃.
Further, in the aluminum-scandium master alloy in the step (1), the weight percentage deviation of Sc is less than 0.5%, the total mass fraction of other impurities is less than 0.1%, and Al and Sc form primary Al in the process of adding molten aluminum3Sc particles and Zn element provide diffusion channels and promote Al3The Sc particles are uniformly distributed.
Further, zinc ingots, aluminum-scandium intermediate alloys and magnesium ingots are added in the step (1) in sequence, and the smelting process is carried out in a CO (carbon monoxide) mode2And SF6Mixing and protecting gas atmosphere.
Further, the temperature of the hot extrusion in the step (3) is 300-400 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is not lower than 25.
The principle of the invention is that ① Sc element has a limit solid solubility of 0.35 wt% in aluminum melt, and 0.4% Sc can be added in the casting processFormation of primary Al3The Sc particles are taken as alloy nucleation particles to obviously refine grains, ② is subjected to hot extrusion at 300-400 ℃, and then needs to be subjected to heat treatment to form a large amount of secondary Al dispersed in the grains3Sc coalesces with the second phase particles to produce significant precipitation strengthening effect ③ Al3The formation of Sc coherent particles has strong pinning effect on dislocation, subgrain boundary and crystal boundary, inhibits the crystal boundary migration, improves the dynamic recrystallization temperature of the alloy, improves the strength of the alloy and is fine coherent Al3The Sc particles can simultaneously improve the fracture toughness of the alloy ④ Zn is added, the Mg content is controlled to be below 6 percent, the Zn/Mg ratio of the alloy is controlled to be 5:2, the total mass fraction is controlled to be below 8 percent, and a large amount of dispersed MgZn can be formed2The presence of ⑤ Zn promotes the formation of Al by providing a large number of diffusion channels3And (3) uniform dispersion distribution of Sc particles.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the mass ratio of Zn to Mg is 5:2, and the total amount of Zn and Mg is 7 wt%, which is favorable for solid solution strengthening and MgZn formation2The second phase improves the absolute strength of the alloy, the total mass fraction is controlled below 8 percent, the corrosion resistance is prevented from being reduced, and the crack initiation and expansion resistance of the alloy is improved. The existence of Zn element provides a diffusion channel for Sc, and promotes the nano-scale Al formed in the hot extrusion and post-treatment processes3The Sc particles are uniformly dispersed and distributed, and the fracture toughness is further improved.
(2) The aluminum-zinc-magnesium-scandium alloy bar prepared by the invention has high strength and high fracture toughness, the tensile strength reaches 495MPa, the yield strength reaches 415MPa, the elongation is more than 10%, and the plane strain fracture toughness reaches 55 MPa.m1/2。
(3) The system of the invention is mainly characterized by high strength and high fracture toughness, and MgZn is adopted2And Al3The precipitation strengthening effect of Sc improves the mechanical property of the alloy, and the crack initiation and expansion resistance is improved by controlling the fine and dispersed distribution of the Sc and the Sc, so that the alloy can be used for structural members sensitive to macroscopic defects in the aerospace field, such as upper stages of multi-stage rockets and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows metallographic structures of Al-2Mg-5Zn-0.4Sc extruded rods in the vertical extrusion direction, wherein the extrusion temperature in the left graph is 300 ℃, the average grain size is 17 μm, the extrusion temperature in the right graph is 350 ℃, and the average grain size is 22 μm.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5 wt% of Mg, 2 wt% of Zn, 0.4 wt% of Sc, 92.6 wt% of AlC, and the content of Fe, Si and other impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.1 wt%.
According to the proportion, aluminum ingots with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent are placed in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace to be melted, the temperature of molten aluminum is 660-670 ℃ after the aluminum ingots are completely melted, pure magnesium ingots, pure zinc ingots and Al-2 percent Sc intermediate alloy are sequentially added into the aluminum melt, the temperature is raised to 730 ℃ after the alloy is melted, the mixture is fully stirred, the mixture is kept stand for 20min and refined and degassed at 720 ℃, the melt is kept stand for 20min after deslagging, and molten metal is rapidly poured into aluminum alloy cast ingots at 700 ℃; and (3) treating the surface of the cast ingot to be bright, preheating the cast ingot, performing hot extrusion according to an extrusion ratio of 25, wherein the extrusion temperature is 300 and 350 ℃, and performing post-treatment to obtain the bar. The room temperature mechanical properties are shown in table 1. Therefore, the yield strength of the bar reaches 249-264 MPa, the tensile strength reaches 386-405 MPa, the elongation reaches 17.1-17.9%, and the plane strain fracture toughness is higher than 30 MPa.m1/2。
Example 2
The bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg 2 wt%, Zn5 wt%, Sc 0.4 wt%, Al92.6 wt%, Fe, Si and other impurity elements not more than 0.1 wt%.
According to the proportion, aluminum ingots with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent are put into a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace for melting, the temperature of molten aluminum is 660-670 ℃ after the aluminum ingots are completely melted, and pure magnesium ingots, pure zinc ingots and Al-2 percent Sc intermediate alloy are sequentially added into the aluminum meltHeating the molten alloy to 730 ℃ for fully stirring after the alloy is molten, standing for 20min, refining and degassing at 720 ℃, standing for 20min after the melt is deslagged, and rapidly casting the molten metal into an aluminum alloy cast ingot at 700 ℃; and (3) treating the surface of the cast ingot to be bright, preheating the cast ingot, performing hot extrusion according to an extrusion ratio of 25, wherein the extrusion temperature is 300 and 350 ℃, and performing post-treatment to obtain the bar. The room temperature mechanical properties are shown in table 1. Therefore, the yield strength of the bar reaches 311-414 MPa, the tensile strength reaches 495-522 MPa, the elongation reaches 10.1-11.6%, and the plane strain fracture toughness reaches 52-55 MPa.m1/2。
Table 1 shows the room temperature mechanical properties of the Al-5Mg-2Zn-0.4Sc alloy prepared in example 1 and the Al-2Mg-5Zn-0.4Sc alloy prepared in example 2. FIG. 1 shows the metallographic structure of the Al-2Mg-5Zn-0.4Sc alloy prepared in example 2. It can be seen that the ratio of Zn: the Al-2Mg-5Zn-0.4Sc alloy prepared from the total amount of Zn and Mg with the mass ratio of 5:2 and 7 wt% of Mg has fine grains, high fracture toughness and yield strength, and can be used for upper-level and other structural members of multi-level rockets in the field of aerospace.
TABLE 1
FIG. 1 shows metallographic structures of Al-2Mg-5Zn-0.4Sc extruded rods in the vertical extrusion direction, wherein the extrusion temperature in the left graph is 300 ℃, the average grain size is 17 μm, the extrusion temperature in the right graph is 350 ℃, and the average grain size is 22 μm. As can be seen from the figure, the alloy structure is fine isometric crystal, and the grain size is smaller than that of the structure at the extrusion temperature of 350 ℃ at the extrusion temperature of 300 ℃, the grain boundary is more, the effect of hindering crack propagation is stronger, and the effect of improving the fracture toughness of the alloy is more remarkable.
Example 3
The bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3 wt% of Mg, 1 wt% of Zn, 0.3 wt% of Sc, less than or equal to 0.1 wt% of Fe, Si and other impurity elements, and the balance of aluminum and Al.
According to the proportion, the aluminum ingot with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent is put into a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace for melting, the temperature of the aluminum liquid is 660-670 ℃ after the aluminum ingot is completely meltedAdding a pure magnesium ingot, a pure zinc ingot and an Al-2% Sc intermediate alloy into an aluminum melt in sequence, heating to 740 ℃ after the alloy is melted, fully stirring, standing for 20min, refining and degassing at 730 ℃, standing for 20min after the melt is deslagged, and rapidly casting molten metal into an aluminum alloy ingot at 710 ℃; and (3) treating the surface of the cast ingot to be bright, preheating the cast ingot, performing hot extrusion according to an extrusion ratio of 50 at the extrusion temperature of 300-350 ℃, and performing post-treatment to obtain the bar. The yield strength of the bar reaches 250-264 MPa, the tensile strength reaches 386-405 MPa, the elongation reaches 17.1-17.9%, and the plane strain fracture toughness is higher than 30 MPa.m1/2。
Example 4
The bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg 4 wt%, Zn5 wt%, Sc 1 wt%, Fe, Si and other impurity elements not more than 0.1 wt%, and Al for the rest.
According to the proportion, aluminum ingots with the purity of more than or equal to 99.9 percent are placed in a graphite crucible of a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace to be melted, the temperature of molten aluminum is 660-670 ℃ after the aluminum ingots are completely melted, pure magnesium ingots, pure zinc ingots and Al-2 percent Sc intermediate alloy are sequentially added into the aluminum melt, the temperature is raised to 740 ℃ after the alloy is melted to be fully stirred, the mixture is kept stand for 20min and then refined and degassed at 730 ℃, the melt is kept stand for 20min after deslagging, and molten metal is rapidly poured into aluminum alloy cast ingots at 710 ℃; and (3) treating the surface of the cast ingot to be bright, preheating the cast ingot, performing hot extrusion according to an extrusion ratio of 50 at the extrusion temperature of 300-350 ℃, and performing post-treatment to obtain the bar. The yield strength of the bar reaches 250-264 MPa, the tensile strength reaches 380-405 MPa, the elongation reaches 17.1-17.9%, and the plane strain fracture toughness is higher than 30 MPa.m1/2。
Claims (10)
1. The high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminum alloy bar is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 1 to 5 weight percent of zinc Zn, 2 to 5 weight percent of magnesium Mg, 0.3 to 1 weight percent of scandium Sc, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of other impurity elements and the balance of aluminum and Al.
2. The aluminum alloy rod with high strength and high fracture toughness as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of Sc is not less than 0.35 wt%.
3. The aluminum alloy rod with high strength and high fracture toughness as recited in claim 1, wherein the content of Mg is 5 wt% or less, the content of Zn is 5 wt% or less, the mass ratio of Zn to Mg is 5:2, and the total amount of Zn and Mg is 7 wt%.
4. A method for producing a high-strength high-fracture-toughness aluminum alloy rod according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) heating the aluminum ingot to melt the aluminum ingot into aluminum liquid, and adding a zinc ingot, an aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy and a magnesium ingot;
(2) heating to 730-740 ℃, fully stirring, standing, refining and degassing at 720-730 ℃, removing slag, keeping warm and standing, and casting into aluminum alloy cast ingots at 700-710 ℃;
(3) and carrying out hot extrusion and heat treatment on the aluminum alloy cast ingot to form the high-strength high-fracture toughness aluminum alloy bar.
5. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy bar with high strength and high fracture toughness of the claim 4, wherein the purity of the aluminum ingot in the step (1) is not lower than 99.9 percent, and the purity of the zinc ingot is not lower than 99.5 percent; the purity of the magnesium ingot is not lower than 99.95%, and the weight percentage of scandium in the aluminum-scandium master alloy is 2%.
6. The method for preparing an aluminum alloy bar with high strength and high fracture toughness as claimed in claim 4, wherein the temperature of the aluminum liquid in step (1) is 660-670 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy bar with high strength and high fracture toughness as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the aluminum-scandium master alloy in the step (1), the weight percentage deviation of Sc is less than 0.5%, the total mass fraction of other impurities is less than 0.1%, and Al and Sc form primary Al in the process of adding the aluminum liquid3Sc particles and Zn element provide diffusion channels and promote Al3The Sc particles are uniformly distributed.
8. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy bar with high strength and high fracture toughness as claimed in claim 4, wherein the adding sequence in step (1) is zinc ingot, aluminum-scandium intermediate alloy and magnesium ingot, and the smelting process is carried out in CO2And SF6Mixing and protecting gas atmosphere.
9. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the hot extrusion temperature in step (3) is 300-400 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is not less than 25.
10. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy bar with high strength and high fracture toughness as claimed in claim 4, wherein the subsequent heat treatment procedure of the hot extrusion in the step (3) is 470-2 h + 120-16 h + 160-20 min + 120-16 h.
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| CN115505801A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2022-12-23 | 苏州思萃熔接技术研究所有限公司 | High-strength 3D printing aluminum alloy material, printing method and aluminum alloy part |
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| CN113122759A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-16 | 烟台南山学院 | Creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115505801A (en) * | 2022-09-29 | 2022-12-23 | 苏州思萃熔接技术研究所有限公司 | High-strength 3D printing aluminum alloy material, printing method and aluminum alloy part |
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