CN110789191A - Flexible aerogel heat insulation material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Flexible aerogel heat insulation material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110789191A
CN110789191A CN201911146449.8A CN201911146449A CN110789191A CN 110789191 A CN110789191 A CN 110789191A CN 201911146449 A CN201911146449 A CN 201911146449A CN 110789191 A CN110789191 A CN 110789191A
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aerogel
fiber
thermal insulation
insulation material
parts
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CN110789191B (en
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杨景锋
王齐华
王廷梅
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Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B38/00Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0004Cutting, tearing or severing, e.g. bursting; Cutter details
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    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
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    • C04B28/344Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing cold phosphate binders the phosphate binder being present in the starting composition solely as one or more phosphates
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    • B32B2266/00Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/12Gel
    • B32B2266/126Aerogel, i.e. a supercritically dried gel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

The invention discloses a flexible aerogel thermal insulation material, which comprises a thermal insulation layer, and a coating layer coated outside the thermal insulation layer; wherein the coating layer is a high-temperature resistant fiber fabric; the heat insulation layer is formed by pressing aerogel powder, chopped fibers, titanium dioxide, potassium hexatitanate whiskers, SiC micropowder and a binder into an aerogel profile. The heat-insulating layer and the coating layer are sewn and combined into an integrated material through a fire-resistant fiber thread. The aerogel thermal insulation material prepared by the invention has lower density and thermal conductivity coefficient and good thermal insulation performance, the aerogel plate is coated by the fiber fabric and then is sewn by the refractory fiber thread, and the coating layer of the aerogel thermal insulation material and the thermal insulation layer are well combined, so that the defects of powder falling and slag falling of the aerogel are overcome; in addition, the aerogel thermal insulation material has certain flexibility, can be bent into a circular shape or an arc shape, can be wound into a cylindrical shape and is adhered to an engine shell to serve as a thermal insulation protective material, is used as the thermal insulation protective material of an aerospace aircraft engine, and has important significance for weight reduction and efficiency improvement of the engine.

Description

Flexible aerogel heat insulation material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a super heat-insulating material, in particular to a flexible aerogel heat-insulating material and a preparation method thereof, which are mainly used for heat-insulating protection of an aerospace aircraft engine and belong to the field of functional materials.
Background
The aerogel is used as a super heat insulation material, and has great application prospect in a heat protection system of an aerospace vehicle. The brittleness and the extremely low mechanical property of the inorganic oxide aerogel enable the inorganic oxide aerogel to be easily cracked in the actual use process, and the phenomena of powder falling and slag falling occur, so that the application of the inorganic oxide aerogel in a thermal protection system of an aerospace vehicle is greatly limited. Most of aerogel materials used by the existing aerospace craft are aerogel felt products which are compounded with aerogel and fibrofelt in situ by a sol-gel method, and although the problems of great brittleness and easy breakage of aerogel are effectively solved, the aerogel materials still have the problems of slag falling, great dust and the like, are suitable for being used as filling materials and heat insulation materials of sandwich structures, are difficult to be used for heat protection of external shells of engines, and have the defects of complex process and longer preparation period. At present, the outer layer of the engine structural material still uses ethylene propylene diene monomer and thermal barrier coating material, although the high-temperature ablation resistance is good, the heat insulation performance is low, and the heat insulation protection requirement of the aerospace aircraft engine is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flexible aerogel heat insulation material and a preparation method thereof.
The flexible aerogel thermal insulation material comprises a thermal insulation layer and a coating layer coated outside the thermal insulation layer; wherein the coating layer is a high-temperature resistant fiber fabric; the heat insulation layer is an aerogel profile pressed by aerogel powder, chopped fibers, titanium dioxide, potassium hexatitanate whiskers, SiC micropowder and a binder.
In the heat insulation layer, the aerogel powder is at least one of silicon oxide aerogel powder, aluminum oxide aerogel powder, doped modified aluminum oxide and doped modified silicon oxide aerogel powder; the chopped fiber is at least one of glass fiber, high silica fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, mullite fiber, alumina fiber and quartz fiber; the diameter of the chopped fiber is 2-100 um, and the length of the chopped fiber is 2-10 mm; the particle size of the titanium dioxide is 50-200 um; the granularity of the SiC micro powder is 50-200 um; the binder is any one of inorganic binders of silica sol, aluminum silicate sol and aluminum phosphate sol. The heat insulation layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-50 parts of aerogel powder, 40-60 parts of chopped fiber, 1-10 parts of titanium dioxide, 1-10 parts of potassium hexatitanate whisker, 1-10 parts of SiC micro powder and 4-15 parts of binder.
The high-temperature resistant fiber fabric is one or two of alkali-free glass fiber cloth, high silica glass fiber cloth, quartz fiber cloth and basalt fiber cloth. The thickness of the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric is 0.05-1 mm, preferably 0.1-0.3 mm.
The preparation method of the thin-layer aerogel heat insulation material comprises the following steps: aerogel powder, chopped fibers, titanium dioxide, potassium hexatitanate whiskers, SiC micro powder and a binder are stirred, mixed uniformly and then placed into a mold for compression molding, and the mixture is dried; and cutting the high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric according to the shape and size of the aerogel profile, coating the aerogel profile, and sewing through the refractory fiber thread to combine the coating layer and the heat insulation layer material into an integrated material.
In the compression molding of the mold, the pressure is controlled to be 0.5-3.5 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5-20 min.
Through detection, the density of the heat insulation layer of the flexible aerogel heat insulation material is 0.25-0.45 g/cm3The thermal conductivity is 0.032-0.048W/m.K.
The aerogel thermal insulation material has the following advantages:
1. the aerogel thermal insulation material has lower density and thermal conductivity coefficient and good thermal insulation performance, the aerogel plate is coated by the fiber fabric and then is sewn by the refractory fiber thread, and the coating layer of the aerogel thermal insulation material and the thermal insulation layer are well combined, so that the defects of powder falling and slag falling of the aerogel are overcome;
2. the aerogel thermal insulation material has certain flexibility, can be bent into a circular shape or an arc shape, can be wound into a cylindrical shape and is adhered to an engine shell to be used as a thermal insulation protective material for an aerospace aircraft engine, and has important significance for reducing weight and increasing efficiency of the engine and reducing cost;
3. the aerogel heat-insulating material has the characteristics of simple preparation process, wide adaptability, high efficiency and convenience, and is easy to form various special-shaped pieces.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Taking 25 parts of alumina aerogel powder, 20 parts of aluminum silicate fiber, 20 parts of glass fiber, 8 parts of titanium dioxide, 3 parts of potassium hexatitanate whisker, 5 parts of SiC micropowder and 8 parts of aluminum silicate sol, and uniformly stirring and mixing by using a stirrer;
(2) putting the uniformly mixed materials into a mould, pressurizing at 1.0MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 5min to form a 3mm aerogel plate;
(3) Drying the aerogel board at 80 ℃ for 4 h; the density of the aerogel board is 0.31g/cm3The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.038W/m.K;
(4) two pieces of high silica fiber cloth (with the thickness of 0.2 mm) are cut according to the shape of the aerogel board, the high silica fiber cloth and the upper and lower surfaces of the aerogel board are respectively paved, and the glass fiber cloth and the aerogel board are sewn at uniform intervals by using refractory fiber lines to obtain a thin-layer aerogel thermal insulation material with the thickness of 3.4 mm.
Example 2
(1) Stirring and uniformly mixing 34 parts of silica aerogel powder, 20 parts of mullite fiber, 30 parts of chopped glass fiber, 5 parts of titanium dioxide, 8 parts of potassium hexatitanate whisker, 3 parts of SiC micropowder and 10 parts of silica sol by using a stirrer;
(2) putting the uniformly mixed materials into a mould, pressurizing at 0.5MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 10min to form an aerogel plate with the thickness of 4 mm;
(3) airing the aerogel board at room temperature for 2 d; the density of the aerogel board was determined to be 0.25g/cm3The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.032W/m.K;
(4) two pieces of alkali-free glass fiber cloth (the thickness of the glass fiber is 0.15 mm) are cut according to the shape of the aerogel board, the glass fiber cloth and the aerogel board are respectively paved on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel board, and the glass fiber cloth and the aerogel board are sewn at uniform intervals by using refractory fiber lines, so that the thin-layer aerogel thermal insulation material with the thickness of 4.3mm is obtained.
Example 3
(1) Stirring and uniformly mixing 10 parts of silica aerogel powder, 30 parts of alumina aerogel, 25 parts of alumina fiber, 20 parts of quartz fiber, 4 parts of titanium dioxide, 5 parts of potassium hexatitanate whisker, 6 parts of SiC micropowder and 15 parts of aluminum silicate sol by using a stirrer;
(2) putting the mixed materials into a mould, pressurizing at 1.5MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 5min to form an aerogel plate with the thickness of 3.5 mm;
(3) drying the aerogel board at 120 ℃ for 2 h; the density of the aerogel board is 0.34g/cm3The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.042W/m.K;
(4) two pieces of quartz fiber cloth (with the thickness of 0.1 mm) are cut according to the shape of the aerogel board, the quartz fiber cloth and the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel board are respectively paved, and the glass fiber cloth and the aerogel board are sewn at uniform intervals by using refractory fiber wires to obtain a thin-layer aerogel thermal insulation material with the thickness of 3.7 mm.
Example 4
(1) Stirring and uniformly mixing 45 parts of silica-alumina composite aerogel powder, 20 parts of mullite fiber, 10 parts of alkali-free glass fiber, 10 parts of quartz fiber, 7 parts of titanium dioxide, 7 parts of potassium hexatitanate whisker, 5 parts of SiC micropowder and 6 parts of alumina silicate sol by using a stirrer;
(2) putting the mixed material into a mould, pressurizing at 1.5MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 15min to form an aerogel plate with the thickness of 5 mm;
(3) drying the aerogel board at 60 ℃ for 8 hours; the density of the aerogel board is 0.40g/cm3The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.045W/m.K;
(4) two pieces of basalt fiber cloth (with the thickness of 0.25 mm) are cut according to the shape of the aerogel board, the basalt fiber cloth and the aerogel board are respectively paved on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel board, and the glass fiber cloth and the aerogel board are sewn at uniform intervals by using refractory fiber lines, so that the thin-layer aerogel thermal insulation material with the thickness of 5.5mm is obtained.
Example 5
(1) Stirring and uniformly mixing 30 parts of silica aerogel powder, 20 parts of alumina aerogel powder, 20 parts of chopped high silica fiber, 15 parts of aluminum silicate fiber, 15 parts of quartz fiber, 4 parts of titanium dioxide, 5 parts of potassium hexatitanate whisker, 5 parts of SiC micropowder and 10 parts of aluminum phosphate sol by using a stirrer;
(2) putting the mixed material into a mould, pressurizing at 2.5MPa, and maintaining the pressure for 20min to form an aerogel plate with the thickness of 6 mm;
(3) placing the aerogel board at room temperature for 2d and airing; the density of the aerogel board is 0.45g/cm3The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.048W/m.K;
(4) two pieces of quartz fiber cloth (with the thickness of 0.2 mm) are cut according to the shape of the aerogel board, the quartz fiber cloth and the upper surface and the lower surface of the aerogel board are respectively paved, and the glass fiber cloth and the aerogel board are sewn at uniform intervals by using refractory fiber wires to obtain a thin-layer aerogel thermal insulation material with the thickness of 6.4 mm.
In the above embodiments, the chopped fibers have a diameter of 2-100 um and a length of 2-10 mm; the particle size of the titanium dioxide is 50-200 um; the granularity of the SiC micro powder is 50-200 um.

Claims (10)

1. A flexible aerogel thermal insulation material comprises a thermal insulation layer, and a coating layer coated outside the thermal insulation layer; wherein the coating layer is a high-temperature resistant fiber fabric; the heat insulation layer is an aerogel profile pressed by aerogel powder, chopped fibers, titanium dioxide, potassium hexatitanate whiskers, SiC micropowder and a binder.
2. A flexible aerogel insulation material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the heat insulation layer, the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by mass: 20-50 parts of aerogel powder, 40-60 parts of chopped fiber, 1-10 parts of titanium dioxide, 1-10 parts of potassium hexatitanate whisker, 1-10 parts of SiC micro powder and 4-15 parts of binder.
3. A flexible aerogel insulation material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the aerogel powder is at least one of silicon oxide aerogel powder, aluminum oxide aerogel powder, doped modified aluminum oxide and doped modified silicon oxide aerogel powder.
4. A flexible aerogel insulation material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the chopped fiber is at least one of glass fiber, high silica fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, mullite fiber, alumina fiber and quartz fiber; and the diameter of the chopped fiber is 2-100 um, and the length is 2-10 mm.
5. A flexible aerogel insulation material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the particle size of the titanium dioxide is 50-200 um.
6. A flexible aerogel insulation material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the granularity of the SiC micro powder is 50-200 um.
7. A flexible aerogel insulation material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the binder is any one of inorganic binders of silica sol, aluminum silicate sol and aluminum phosphate sol.
8. A flexible aerogel insulation material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric is one of alkali-free glass fiber cloth, high silica glass fiber cloth, quartz fiber cloth and basalt fiber cloth, and the thickness of the high-temperature resistant fiber fabric is 0.05-1 mm.
9. The preparation method of the flexible aerogel heat insulation material as claimed in claim 1, wherein aerogel powder, chopped fibers, titanium dioxide, potassium hexatitanate whiskers, SiC micropowder and a binder are stirred, mixed uniformly, then placed into a mold for compression molding and dried; and cutting the high-temperature-resistant fiber fabric according to the shape and size of the aerogel profile, coating the aerogel profile, and sewing through the refractory fiber thread to combine the coating layer and the heat insulation layer material into an integrated material.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the aerogel insulation material is prepared by: in the die press forming, the pressure is 0.5-3.5 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5-20 min.
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112876225A (en) * 2021-02-08 2021-06-01 新疆硅质耐火材料有限公司 Sintered high-temperature-resistant light heat-insulating material and preparation method thereof
CN114804805A (en) * 2022-04-24 2022-07-29 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 Aerogel composite material and preparation method thereof
CN115449194A (en) * 2022-08-12 2022-12-09 湖北硅金凝节能减排科技有限公司 Aerogel battery cell heat insulation sheet and preparation method thereof
CN115570853A (en) * 2022-09-29 2023-01-06 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 Multifunctional heat insulation material and preparation method thereof
CN116572603A (en) * 2023-07-13 2023-08-11 浙江葆润应用材料有限公司 Composite heat insulation material and application thereof
WO2023202699A1 (en) * 2022-04-22 2023-10-26 中科润资(重庆)气凝胶技术研究院有限公司 Transparent flexible heating sheet and preparation method therefor
CN118507172A (en) * 2024-07-18 2024-08-16 广东南缆电缆有限公司 High-temperature-resistant fireproof flexible cable and preparation method thereof

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CN103693936A (en) * 2013-12-13 2014-04-02 广西大学 Preparation method of nanopowder-based composite thermal insulation material
CN104671737A (en) * 2015-02-11 2015-06-03 杭州钱江称重技术有限公司 High temperature thermal insulation material for tank number of torpedo cars
CN109501407A (en) * 2018-12-18 2019-03-22 贵州航天乌江机电设备有限责任公司 Anti- picking hydrophobic nano aerogel heat-proof piece and preparation method and application method

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112876225A (en) * 2021-02-08 2021-06-01 新疆硅质耐火材料有限公司 Sintered high-temperature-resistant light heat-insulating material and preparation method thereof
WO2023202699A1 (en) * 2022-04-22 2023-10-26 中科润资(重庆)气凝胶技术研究院有限公司 Transparent flexible heating sheet and preparation method therefor
CN114804805A (en) * 2022-04-24 2022-07-29 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 Aerogel composite material and preparation method thereof
CN114804805B (en) * 2022-04-24 2023-08-22 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 Aerogel composite material and preparation method thereof
CN115449194A (en) * 2022-08-12 2022-12-09 湖北硅金凝节能减排科技有限公司 Aerogel battery cell heat insulation sheet and preparation method thereof
CN115570853A (en) * 2022-09-29 2023-01-06 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 Multifunctional heat insulation material and preparation method thereof
CN116572603A (en) * 2023-07-13 2023-08-11 浙江葆润应用材料有限公司 Composite heat insulation material and application thereof
CN116572603B (en) * 2023-07-13 2023-09-22 浙江葆润应用材料有限公司 Composite heat insulation material and application thereof
CN118507172A (en) * 2024-07-18 2024-08-16 广东南缆电缆有限公司 High-temperature-resistant fireproof flexible cable and preparation method thereof

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