CN110783428B - Disassembling method of photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Disassembling method of photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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- CN110783428B CN110783428B CN201911020470.3A CN201911020470A CN110783428B CN 110783428 B CN110783428 B CN 110783428B CN 201911020470 A CN201911020470 A CN 201911020470A CN 110783428 B CN110783428 B CN 110783428B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 15
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic module disassembling method, which comprises the following steps: the jet device for jetting the fluid is opposite to the back surface of the photovoltaic module, and the flow direction of the fluid jetted by the jet device forms an inclination angle with the back surface of the photovoltaic module in a non-vertical state; controlling the pressure of the fluid sprayed by the spraying device to enable the fluid containing liquid to form a notch on the back of the photovoltaic module, wherein the fluid is sprayed into the photovoltaic module at an inclined angle along the notch, the fluid with the pressure expands and forms a cut in the photovoltaic module, the first EVA adhesive layer is crushed and separated from glass, the silicon wafer is crushed, the second EVA adhesive layer is separated from the silicon wafer, and the second EVA adhesive layer is bonded with the back plate and is broken into blocks with different sizes; and controlling the injection device and the photovoltaic module to form relative movement according to the set path, and disassembling the whole photovoltaic module by the injection device according to the mode. The invention has the advantage of improving the disassembling efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, in particular to a photovoltaic module disassembling method.
Background
A typical photovoltaic module has a structure with a composition from front to back: glass, first EVA glue film, silicon chip, second EVA glue film, backplate, fluorine membrane (some photovoltaic module do not have fluorine membrane), and first EVA glue film bonds glass and silicon chip, and second EVA glue film bonds silicon chip and backplate. The recycled photovoltaic module is disassembled to obtain objects such as precious metals contained in the photovoltaic module, so that the photovoltaic module is disassembled to have corresponding value.
CN109092842A discloses a scrapped photovoltaic module disassembling method, which comprises the steps of disassembling an aluminum frame, disassembling a junction box, removing a fluorine film, removing a back plate, separating an EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) adhesive layer and the back plate, separating a silicon wafer layer, a solder strip and glass, and independently separating materials.
In the processing process, the back plate is stripped after the fluorine film is removed, and then the silicon chip layer, the welding strip and the glass are separated. However, since the back sheet is made of FPF, FPE, PET, or PET, and has high toughness, it is difficult to peel the back sheet by using the fluid discharged from the spray gun alone. The time required for disassembling the whole photovoltaic assembly needs at least half an hour, so the efficiency is very low. Thus, the above treatment process is in need of improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a photovoltaic module disassembling method for improving disassembling efficiency.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the disassembling method of the photovoltaic module comprises the following steps:
the jet device for jetting the fluid is opposite to the back surface of the photovoltaic module, and the flow direction of the fluid jetted by the jet device forms an inclination angle with the back surface of the photovoltaic module in a non-vertical state;
controlling the pressure of the fluid sprayed by the spraying device to enable the fluid containing liquid to form a notch on the back of the photovoltaic module, wherein the fluid is sprayed into the photovoltaic module at an inclined angle along the notch, the fluid with the pressure expands and forms a cut in the photovoltaic module, the first EVA adhesive layer is crushed and separated from glass, the silicon wafer is crushed, the second EVA adhesive layer is separated from the silicon wafer, and the second EVA adhesive layer is bonded with the back plate and is broken into blocks with different sizes;
and controlling the injection device and the photovoltaic module to form relative movement according to the set path, and disassembling the whole photovoltaic module by the injection device according to the mode.
The method is adopted to disassemble the photovoltaic module, in the disassembling process, after the fluid is adopted to form the notch on the photovoltaic module, the fluid enters the photovoltaic module along the inclination angle through the notch, and the fluid is cut from the inside to the outside of the photovoltaic module, so that the back plate, the EVA adhesive layer and the silicon wafer are integrally disassembled. By the aid of the disassembly method from inside to outside, the disassembly efficiency of the photovoltaic modules is improved, and the average disassembly time of 100 photovoltaic modules is calculated to be 13.5 minutes according to experiments, so that compared with the disassembly method in the prior art, the disassembly efficiency is improved by more than one time. And the breakage rate of the silicon wafer is improved (in the prior art, the cutting action force of the fluid is mostly consumed on the back plate in a mode from outside to inside, and the cutting action force of the fluid is greatly reduced when the fluid reaches the silicon wafer layer).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a disassembling device for photovoltaic modules according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an assembly view of the upper frame and the spraying device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of FIG. 2 with a portion of the parts hidden;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of FIG. 3 with a portion of the parts hidden;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the walking beam and the spraying device viewed from another direction;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the lower frame and the accommodating box;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lower frame and the accommodating box;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the first and second paths mapped on the photovoltaic module;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a cutout formed in the photovoltaic module and the tilt angle formed between the showerhead and the photovoltaic module when disassembled;
FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a preferred head of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of an eccentric body in the nozzle;
FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of the eccentric body in another direction;
a is a photovoltaic module, B is a spray head, C is a spray head support, D is a locking component, F is an arc-shaped hole, L is a distance, R1 is a first path, R2 is a second path, O is an annular notch, alpha is a first inclination angle, beta is a second inclination angle, X is a transverse direction, Y is a vertical direction, and Z is a longitudinal direction;
the device comprises an upper frame 1, a moving beam 2, a mounting seat 2a, a supporting part 2b, a first sliding rail 3, a first driver 4, a gear box 5, a transmission shaft 6, a gear 7, a rack 8, a support 9, a connecting seat 10, a lifting driving mechanism 11, a second sliding rail 12, a third sliding rail 13, a second driving mechanism 14, a pump 15 and a protective shell 16, wherein the upper frame 2 is a moving beam, the mounting seat 2a is a mounting seat, the supporting part 2b is a supporting part;
17 is a lower frame, 18 is a box body, 19 is a supporting frame, 20 is a limiting block, 21 is a movable clamping component, 22 is a multi-layer filtering component, 23 is a third driving mechanism, 24 is a recycling box, 25 is a filter, and 26 is a liquid storage box.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the lateral direction in the present invention is the X direction in the drawing, i.e., the left-right direction of the disassembling apparatus, the vertical direction is the Y direction in the drawing, i.e., the up-down direction of the disassembling apparatus, and the longitudinal direction is the Z direction in the drawing, i.e., the front-back direction of the disassembling apparatus.
As shown in fig. 1, the disassembling device for photovoltaic modules of the present invention comprises an upper frame 1 and a spraying device disposed on the upper frame 1, wherein the upper frame 1 supports the spraying device, and preferably, the spraying device is movably disposed on the upper frame 1 so as to move the spraying device relative to the photovoltaic module a during spraying. The fluid containing liquid is sprayed by the spraying device to act on the photovoltaic module A, the photovoltaic module A is disassembled, and the liquid preferentially adopts water.
The spraying device comprises a moving beam 2, a first driving mechanism, a spraying head B, a supporting mechanism, a second driving mechanism and a controller 16, and the following describes the parts of the spraying device and the relationship among the parts in detail:
the two ends of the movable beam 2 extend along the longitudinal direction of the disassembling device, the movable beam 2 is provided with a mounting seat 2a, the mounting seat 2a is used for mounting a supporting part 2b, the upper frame 1 is provided with a first slide rail 3 transversely arranged along the upper frame, and the movable beam 2 is in sliding fit with the first slide rail 3. So that the moving beam 2 moves in the lateral direction of the upper frame 1 along the first slide rail 3 by the first driving mechanism.
The first driving mechanism drives the movable beam 2 to move along the transverse direction of the upper frame 1. The first driving mechanism comprises a first driver 4 and a first transmission mechanism connected with the movable beam 2, the first transmission mechanism is connected with the output end of the first driver, the first driver 4 is a torque driver, and the torque driver can adopt an electric motor or a hydraulic motor, preferably an electric motor.
The first transmission mechanism includes: the gear box 5, the transmission shaft 6, the gear 7 and the rack 8 are fixed on the movable beam 2, the input end of the gear box 5 is connected with the first driver 4, the transmission shaft 6 is connected with the output end of the gear box 5, the transmission shaft 6 penetrates through the supporting part 2b, preferably, the supporting part 2b is located near the end of the transmission shaft 6, the supporting part 2b preferably adopts a bearing seat, the transmission shaft 6 is supported by the supporting part 2b, and the reliability of meshing of the gear 7 and the rack 8 is ensured. The gear 7 is connected with the transmission shaft 6, and a rack 8 fixed on the upper frame 1 is meshed with the gear 7.
The gear box 5 comprises a gear box body, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear (not shown in the figure) and an output shaft, the axes of the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear form an included angle of 90 degrees, and the first driver 4 is connected with the first bevel gear. The second bevel gear is connected with an output shaft, and the output shaft is connected with the transmission shaft 6.
When the first driver 4 works, the power output by the first driver 4 is transmitted to the second bevel gear through the first bevel gear and then transmitted to the output shaft through the second bevel gear, so that the transmission shaft 6 is driven to rotate. The transmission shaft 6 drives the gear 7 to rotate, and the gear 7 causes the gear 7 to move along the transverse direction of the upper frame 1 under the action of meshing with the rack 8, so that the first driving mechanism and the movable beam 2 integrally move along the transverse direction of the upper frame 1.
The supporting mechanism is movably arranged on the movable beam 2, and the spray head B is connected to the supporting mechanism. The support mechanism includes: a support 9 movably arranged on the movable beam 2, a connecting seat 10 movably arranged on the support, and a lifting driving mechanism 11 for driving the connecting seat 10 to lift along the vertical direction of the upper frame 1. The moving beam 2 is provided with a second slide rail 12, two ends of the second slide rail 12 extend along the longitudinal direction of the upper frame 1, and the support 9 is in sliding fit with the second slide rail 12, so that the support 9 can move along the longitudinal direction of the upper frame 1 under the action of the second driving mechanism.
The lifting driving mechanism 11 is fixed on the support 9, and the power output end of the lifting driving mechanism 11 is connected with the connecting seat 10. Lift actuating mechanism 11 orders about connecting seat 10 along the vertical removal of last frame 1 to can adjust the distance between shower nozzle B and the photovoltaic module A as required, lift actuating mechanism 11 preferentially adopts the structure of compriseing electric motor and screw rod mechanism, and wherein electric motor fixes on support 9, and screw rod mechanism is connected with electric motor and connecting seat 10 respectively. A third slide rail 13 is arranged on the support 9, and the connecting seat 10 is in sliding fit with the third slide rail 13.
The second driving mechanism 14 is arranged on the movable beam and used for driving the supporting mechanism to longitudinally move along the upper frame, the power output end of the second driving mechanism 14 is connected with the support 9, the second driving mechanism 14 preferably adopts a structure consisting of a motor and a screw rod mechanism, the output end of the motor is connected with the screw rod mechanism, and the screw rod mechanism is connected with the support 9. The screw of the screw mechanism extends in the longitudinal direction of the upper frame 1.
The pump 15 provides fluid which has pressure and contains liquid, the output end of the pump 15 is connected with the spray head B, the pump 15 inputs the fluid into the spray head B, the fluid is sprayed onto the photovoltaic module A through the spray head B, and the photovoltaic module A is disassembled from the fluid. The pump 15 is mounted on top of the upper housing 1.
And a controller (not shown in the figure) which controls the jetting device and the photovoltaic module A to move relatively according to the set path, and controls the fluid jetted by the jetting device to form a cut on the back surface of the photovoltaic module A, the fluid is jetted into the interior of the photovoltaic module along the cut at an inclined angle, and the fluid with pressure expands and forms a cut in the interior of the photovoltaic module.
The spray head B sprays fluid to disassemble the photovoltaic module, and the flow direction of the fluid sprayed by the spray head B and the back of the photovoltaic module form an inclination angle in a non-vertical state; shower nozzle B is connected with supporting mechanism through the installation component, and the installation component includes shower nozzle support C and locking part D, and shower nozzle support C is the L type, and shower nozzle support C's one end is equipped with arc hole F, and locking part D passes arc hole F and locks shower nozzle support C on connecting seat 10, when the inclination that needs adjust shower nozzle B jetted fluid flow direction and photovoltaic module's the back formation, loosens locking part D, through arc hole F removal shower nozzle support C's position, perhaps rotates shower nozzle support C, thereby makes the inclination obtains the adjustment.
In order to prevent the fluid ejected from the nozzle B from being splashed to the outside of the upper frame 1, a shield case 16 is installed around and on the top of the upper frame 1, and the splashed fluid is shielded by the shield case 16.
The disassembling device further comprises a lower frame 17, a containing box for containing the photovoltaic module, and a multi-layer filtering assembly 22 for filtering the disassembled object of the photovoltaic module A, wherein at least one part of the lower frame 17 is positioned in the spraying area of the spraying device, preferably, one part of the lower frame 17 is positioned in the spraying area of the spraying device, the other part of the lower frame 17 is positioned outside the spraying device, the containing box is arranged on the lower frame 17, the containing box is positioned below the spraying device, and the multi-layer filtering assembly is arranged in the containing box.
The containing box comprises a box body 18, a supporting frame 19 which is arranged in the box body 18 and used for placing the photovoltaic module, and a limiting component for limiting the periphery of the photovoltaic module. A support frame 19 is located upstream of the multi-layer filter assembly; the support frame 19 preferably has a grid-like structure that facilitates the decomposition products formed after disassembly to fall onto the multi-layer filter assembly 22 for filtration. So that the decomposition products with different sizes are filtered by the multi-layer filtering component 22.
Spacing subassembly includes: a limiting limit block 20 is formed on two non-opposite side surfaces of the photovoltaic assembly A, and a limiting movable clamping assembly 21 is formed on the other two non-opposite side surfaces of the photovoltaic assembly A, the limiting block 20 is fixed with the support frame, and the movable clamping assembly 21 is connected with the support frame 19. The movable clamping assembly 21 is composed of a cylinder and a block-shaped component connected with the cylinder.
The mode that the containing box is arranged on the lower frame 17 preferably adopts: the receiving box is movably disposed on the lower frame 1 such that the receiving box is allowed to move along a lateral direction of the upper frame 1 or the lower frame 17. Preferably, a guide rail is provided on the lower frame 17, and wheels are provided on the lower portion of the case 18 to be engaged with the guide rail.
In order to achieve the lateral movement of the container along the upper frame 1 or the lower frame 17, a third driving mechanism 23 is provided in the present embodiment, and the third driving mechanism 23 is connected to the container to drive the container to move along the lateral direction of the upper frame, so that the container moves into the spraying region of the spraying device, or at least a part of the container is exposed outside the spraying region after the container moves.
The advantage of the accommodation box being allowed to move laterally along the upper or lower rack 1, 17 is that, since the photovoltaic module a is arranged in the accommodation box, at least a part of the accommodation box is exposed outside the spraying area of the spraying device before the photovoltaic module a is disassembled, so that the photovoltaic module a can be easily assembled inside the accommodation box. After the photovoltaic assembly A is disassembled, the decomposed substances which are positioned on the multilayer filtering assembly and in the containing box after the disassembly can be conveniently collected, and the collected decomposed substances are taken out from the containing box. Obviously, exposing at least a portion of the containing box outside the spraying area of the spraying device, the photovoltaic module a is mounted inside the containing box and the decomposed products are collected without interference from the upper frame 1.
The third driving mechanism 23 is composed of a motor and a chain wheel and chain transmission mechanism, the output end of the motor is connected with a driving chain wheel in the chain wheel and chain transmission mechanism, the driving chain wheel is arranged on the lower frame 17, and a driven chain wheel in the chain wheel and chain transmission mechanism is arranged on the box body 18 of the containing box.
The dismantling device further comprises a liquid mixture recovery tank 24, a filter press (not shown) connected to the recovery tank 24, a filter 25 connected to the filter press, and a liquid storage tank 26 connected to the filter 25, wherein the recovery tank 24 is located below the storage tank, the recovery tank 24 is located in the spray area of the spraying device, and the recovery tank 24 receives the liquid mixture filtered by the multi-layer filtering assembly 22, and the liquid mixture mainly comprises liquid fluid and silicon material. The filter press performs filter pressing on the mixed liquid from the recovery tank 24; the filter 25 filters the fluid output by the filter press; the liquid storage tank 26 receives the liquid from the output of the filter 25, the liquid storage tank 26 is also connected to the pump 15, and the liquid storage tank 26 is installed on the top of the upper frame 1.
After the spraying device sprays the photovoltaic assembly A, the silicon wafer is crushed into particles of 50-150 meshes, a welding strip on the silicon wafer is in a strip shape of more than 5cm, a first EVA adhesive layer between the silicon wafer and the glass is in powder of 45-55 meshes, and more than 95% of a second EVA adhesive layer is bonded with the back plate and is broken into blocks with different sizes. The multi-layer filtering component 22 at least comprises two filtering layers, the first filtering layer separates the lump decomposed substance and the silicon material particle powder, the lump decomposed substance is left on the first filtering layer, the silicon material particle powder reaches the second filtering layer through the first filtering layer, the large silicon material particle is filtered through the second filtering layer, the fine silicon material particle and the powder enter the recycling box 24 along with the fluid to form a liquid mixture, the liquid mixture is sent into a filter press to be filter-pressed, so that the silicon material forms a filter cake, the fluid is output to the filter 25 to be re-filtered, the filtered fluid is sent into the liquid storage box 26, the pump 15 re-sends the fluid to the spray head B, and the circulation is repeated.
The head B includes: the device comprises a hollow shell 30, a supporting part 31, a joint 32, an eccentric body 33 with a cavity and a spray head 34, wherein the lower part of the shell 30 is conical, and the supporting part 31 is arranged at one end of the shell 30; the outer circumferential surface of the support member 31 is sealingly bonded to the inner surface of the housing 30. The support member 31 is made of a wear-resistant material, and the support member 31 is preferably made of ceramic. The support member 31 is provided with a through hole composed of a small-diameter hole in the middle and large-diameter holes at both ends.
A nipple 32 is connected to the other end of the housing 30, one end of the nipple 32 being located within the housing 30, preferably the other end of the nipple 32 being exposed outside the housing 30, the other end of the nipple 32 being provided with an axial first hole 32a, the inner surface of the first hole 32a being provided with a screw thread for connecting to the output of the pump 15. The first hole 32a is a blind hole, and the first hole 32a is a stepped portion in which a thread is provided on a wall surface of a large-diameter hole section of the stepped hole. A second hole 32b communicating with the first hole 32a is provided on the circumferential surface of one end of the joint 32, and the diameter of the second hole 32b is preferably 2 mm. When the fluid having a high pressure enters the first hole 32a, it is ejected through the second hole 32 b.
One end of the eccentric body 33 is sleeved on one end of the joint 32 and is in clearance fit with the joint 32, a plurality of third holes 33a are arranged on the circumferential surface of the eccentric body 33, at least one hole wall surface in the third holes 33a is a stress surface 33b which is driven by water to enable the eccentric body to rotate, the width of one end of each third hole 33a is smaller than that of the other end, so that the stress surface 33b is an inclined surface, and when high-pressure fluid enters the third holes 33a from the second holes 32b, the pressure of the fluid acts on the stress surface 33b, and the eccentric body 33 can be driven to rotate.
One side of the eccentric body 33 is provided with an eccentric mounting portion, one end of the spray head 34 is provided with a fourth hole 34a, the other end of the spray head 34 is provided with a spray hole 34b communicated with the fourth hole 33a, the inner diameter of the spray hole 34b is smaller than that of the fourth hole 33a, one end of the spray head 34 is matched with the eccentric mounting portion, and the other end of the spray head 34 is matched with the supporting member 31. The other end of the head 34 abuts against the support member 31 to prevent the support member 31 from being loosened by the pressing of the high-pressure fluid.
The eccentric mounting portion includes a support portion 35 located in the cavity of the eccentric body, a receiving groove 35a deviating from the center of the eccentric body is provided on the support portion 35, and one end of the nozzle 34 is fitted in the receiving groove 35 a. A notch 33c is provided on the circumferential surface of the eccentric body 33, and the notch 33c corresponds to the receiving groove 35 a.
High-pressure fluid (for example, water) enters the first hole 32a of the joint 32 and then is ejected from the second hole 32b, the ejected fluid enters the third hole 33a, the pressure of the fluid acts on the force-bearing surface 33b to drive the eccentric body 33 to rotate, so that the eccentric body 33 drives the spray head 34 to make the spray head 34 form high-speed rotation, and meanwhile, the fluid ejected from the third hole 33a enters the fourth hole 34a of the spray head 34. The head of the spray head is pressed against the support member 31 due to the pressure of the fluid, preventing water leakage between the support member 31 and the outer case 30. The fluid is ejected along the ejection holes 34b and the support member 31, and forms a rotating high-pressure cutting fluid.
The dismantling device of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, for example:
the first, second, and third driving mechanisms 23 may be linear actuators such as air cylinders and hydraulic cylinders, in addition to the above-described embodiments.
The movable clamping assembly can also be composed of a fixed block, a spring, a guide rod and a block-shaped component, wherein the fixed block is fixed with the support frame 19, a hole is formed in the fixed block, one end of the guide rod is matched with the hole in the fixed block, the other end of the guide rod is connected with the block-shaped component, one end of the spring abuts against the fixed block, and the other end of the spring abuts against the block-shaped component.
According to the disassembling device, the invention provides a disassembling method of a photovoltaic module, which is specifically described by the following embodiments:
example 1
Step S1: the jetting device for jetting the fluid is opposed to the back surface of the photovoltaic module a, and as shown in fig. 9, the flow direction of the fluid containing the liquid jetted by the jetting device forms an inclination angle in a state of being non-perpendicular to the back surface of the photovoltaic module a; wherein, the fluid is water or the mixture of water and abrasive material, and the abrasive material preferentially adopts sand, and the part ratio of abrasive material and water is: 1-2:98-99, namely 100 parts of fluid, 1-2 parts of abrasive and 98-99 parts of water. Through adding the abrasive material, the cutting that the abrasive material formed photovoltaic module can promote and disassemble efficiency.
Step S2: controlling the pressure of the fluid sprayed by the spraying device, namely controlling the pressure of the fluid output by the pump 15, so that the fluid containing liquid forms a notch O on the back surface of the photovoltaic module, as shown in fig. 2 and 9, the fluid is sprayed into the photovoltaic module along the notch O at an inclined angle, the fluid with pressure expands and forms a cut in the photovoltaic module, the first EVA adhesive layer is crushed and separated from the glass, the silicon wafer is crushed, the second EVA adhesive layer is separated from the silicon wafer, and more than 95% of the second EVA adhesive layer is bonded with the back plate and is broken into blocks with different sizes. In this example, the pressure of the fluid applied to the back surface of the photovoltaic module a was 60 MPa.
Step S3: and controlling the injection device and the photovoltaic module A to move relatively according to the set path, and disassembling the whole photovoltaic module by the injection device according to the mode. As shown in fig. 8 and 9, in this embodiment, it is preferable that the photovoltaic module a is fixed and the injection device moves relative to the photovoltaic module a, so that the photovoltaic module a and the injection device move relative to each other, that is, the photovoltaic module a is clamped by the limiting block 20 and the movable clamping component 21 and does not move during the disassembling process.
In this embodiment, the horizontal direction of the photovoltaic module a is parallel to the horizontal direction of the upper frame 1, and the longitudinal direction of the photovoltaic module a is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the upper frame 1.
In the above step S1, the controller 16 controls the third driving mechanism 23 to adjust the distance L between the nozzle B and the photovoltaic module a, which is the distance between the fluid from the outlet of the nozzle B to the photovoltaic module a along the inclination angle, i.e., the size of the oblique line, rather than the vertical distance between the outlet of the nozzle B and the photovoltaic module. In this embodiment, the distance L is 0.9 m.
In the above step S3, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the path includes a first path R1 in a rectangular wave shape, and the spraying device moves along the first path R1 relative to the photovoltaic module to disassemble the photovoltaic module. The first path R1 is set to be a rectangular wave, the second driving mechanism 14 drives the support 9 to drive the nozzle B to move along the positive half axis of the longitudinal Z of the upper frame 1, after the positive half axis of the longitudinal Z has traveled the set stroke, the movable beam 2 is driven by the first driving mechanism to move along the lateral direction of the upper frame 1, and then the second driving mechanism 14 drives the support 9 to drive the nozzle B to move along the negative half axis of the longitudinal Z of the upper frame 1. Therefore, the advantage of setting the first path R1 to be a rectangular wave is that the nozzle B is always in a translational state during the operation of the injection apparatus, so that the direction of the nozzle B does not need to be adjusted when the nozzle B moves along the positive half axis and the negative half axis of the longitudinal Z, and the disassembly efficiency is improved.
In the above steps S1 and S3, without adjusting the direction of the spray head B, as shown in fig. 9, the inclination angle includes a first inclination angle α and a second inclination angle β, and when the spray device moves along the first path R1 in the positive semiaxis direction of the longitudinal direction Z of the photovoltaic module a, the inclination angle formed by the flow direction of the fluid and the back surface of the photovoltaic module a is the first inclination angle α, which is an acute angle along which the fluid is injected into the interior of the photovoltaic module a. The magnitude of the first inclination angle α is preferably 45 °.
In the above steps S1 and S3, as shown in fig. 9, when the injection device is translated along the first path R1 in the transverse direction X of the photovoltaic module a and then moved along the first path R1 in the direction of the negative half axis of the longitudinal direction Z of the photovoltaic module a, the flow direction of the fluid material forms a second inclination angle β with the back surface of the photovoltaic module a, the second inclination angle β is an obtuse angle, and the fluid material is injected into the interior of the photovoltaic module along the obtuse angle. The magnitude of the second inclination angle β is preferably 135 °.
In the above step S3, when the spraying device moves along the beginning or end of the first path R1, a part of the fluid sprayed by the spraying device acts on the photovoltaic module, and another part of the fluid is sprayed to the non-dismantling region outside the photovoltaic module. As shown in fig. 9, a part of the incision O is located on the photovoltaic module a, and another part of the incision O is located outside the photovoltaic module a.
The advantage of this arrangement is that the edge of the photovoltaic module can be completely cut by the ejected fluid, and the edge that is not cut by the fluid (the edge refers to the silicon wafer and EVA located near the periphery of the photovoltaic module and the back sheet) is prevented from remaining on the glass.
As shown in fig. 9, when the spraying device and the photovoltaic module a are both in a stationary state, the fluid sprayed by the spraying device forms a substantially annular notch O on the back surface of the photovoltaic module a. As the spraying device and the photovoltaic module move relative to each other according to the set path, a portion of the next annular incision O is superimposed in the cutting zone formed by the previous annular incision O. The annular notch O is formed by the rotation of the fluid, and the rotating fluid has stronger cutting force, so that the back plate, the EVA adhesive layer and the silicon wafer can be stripped more quickly and better.
The first driving mechanism drives the movable beam 2 to drive the spray head B to move along the transverse direction X at a speed of 3.5 m/min, and the second driving mechanism 14 drives the support 9 to drive the spray head B to move along the longitudinal direction Z at a speed of 1 m/min.
According to the disassembly method of example 1, the disassembly time of one photovoltaic module a is 13 minutes.
Example 2
The disassembling method of the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 described above in that:
the notch O is a rectangular notch. The pressure of the fluid acting on the back of the photovoltaic module A is 52 MPa. The distance L is 0.7 m. The first inclination angle alpha is 60 deg., and the second inclination angle beta is 120 deg.. The first driving mechanism drives the movable beam 2 to drive the spray head B to move along the transverse direction X at a speed of 3.2 m/min, and the second driving mechanism 14 drives the support 9 to drive the spray head B to move along the longitudinal direction Z at a speed of 0.9 m/min.
According to the disassembly method of example 2, the disassembly time of one photovoltaic module a is 13.4 minutes.
Example 3
The disassembling method of the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 described above in that:
the notch O is a rectangular notch. The pressure of the fluid acting on the back of the photovoltaic module A is 50 MPa. The distance L is 0.5 m. The first inclination angle alpha is 50 deg., and the second inclination angle beta is 130 deg.. The first driving mechanism drives the movable beam 2 to drive the spray head B to move along the transverse direction X at a speed of 3.0 m/min, and the second driving mechanism 14 drives the support 9 to drive the spray head B to move along the longitudinal direction Z at a speed of 0.8 m/min.
According to the disassembly method of example 3, the disassembly time of one photovoltaic module a is 14 minutes.
Example 4
The disassembling method of the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 described above in that:
the notch O is a rectangular notch. The pressure of the fluid acting on the back of the photovoltaic module A is 60 MPa. The distance L is 1 meter. The first inclination angle alpha is 60 deg., and the second inclination angle beta is 120 deg.. The first driving mechanism drives the movable beam 2 to drive the spray head B to move along the transverse direction X at a speed of 3.3 m/min, and the second driving mechanism 14 drives the support 9 to drive the spray head B to move along the longitudinal direction Z at a speed of 0.9 m/min.
According to the disassembly method of example 4, the disassembly time of one photovoltaic module a is 14.3 minutes.
The disassembling method is not limited to the above-described embodiments, for example:
(a) the path also includes a second path R2 substantially parallel to the circumference of the module a, and the spraying device is moved along the second path R2 relative to the module a to disassemble the area near the edge of the back of the module a.
The sequence of the moving paths of the spraying device during cutting is as follows: first along the second path R2 and then along the first path R1. When the spraying device moves along the second path R2, a part of the fluid sprayed by the spraying device acts on the photovoltaic module a, and another part of the fluid is sprayed to the non-dismantling area outside the photovoltaic module a.
(b) And for the photovoltaic assembly with the frame, the method also comprises the step of dismantling the frame of the photovoltaic assembly A.
(c) For the photovoltaic module with the fluorine film on the back, the fluorine film is removed in the manner of steps S2 to S3, and the pressure of the fluid ejected from the nozzle B is 12MPa when the fluorine film is removed. The speed of the spray head B moving along the transverse direction X is 5-8 meters per minute, and the speed of the spray head B moving along the longitudinal direction X is 2-3 meters per minute. And after the fluorine film is removed, peeling the back plate, the EVA adhesive layer and the silicon wafer according to the steps S2 to S3.
Claims (5)
1. The method for disassembling the photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the jet device for jetting the fluid is opposite to the back surface of the photovoltaic module, and the flow direction of the fluid jetted by the jet device forms an inclination angle with the back surface of the photovoltaic module in a non-vertical state;
controlling the pressure of the fluid sprayed by the spraying device to enable the fluid containing liquid to form a notch on the back of the photovoltaic module, wherein the fluid is sprayed into the photovoltaic module at an inclined angle along the notch, the fluid with the pressure expands and forms a cut in the photovoltaic module, the first EVA adhesive layer is crushed and separated from glass, the silicon wafer is crushed, the second EVA adhesive layer is separated from the silicon wafer, and the second EVA adhesive layer is bonded with the back plate and is broken into blocks with different sizes;
controlling the jetting device and the photovoltaic module to form relative movement according to a set path, and disassembling the whole photovoltaic module by the jetting device according to the mode;
the spraying device and the photovoltaic module are both in a static state, and a notch formed by the fluid sprayed by the spraying device on the back of the photovoltaic module is annular or rectangular;
as the spraying device and the photovoltaic module form relative movement according to the set path, a part of the next annular or rectangular cut is superposed in the cutting area formed by the last annular or rectangular cut;
the path comprises a first path in a rectangular wave shape, and the spraying device moves relative to the photovoltaic component along the first path so as to disassemble the photovoltaic component;
the spraying device moves relative to the photovoltaic assembly along the second path, and the area close to the edge of the back of the photovoltaic assembly is disassembled;
the inclination angles comprise a first inclination angle and a second inclination angle, when the injection device moves along the first path to the longitudinal positive half axis direction of the photovoltaic module, the inclination angle formed by the flowing direction of the fluid and the back surface of the photovoltaic module is a first inclination angle, the first inclination angle is an acute angle, and the fluid is injected into the photovoltaic module along the acute angle;
after the jet device transversely translates along the first path to the photovoltaic module and moves along the first path to the longitudinal negative half shaft direction of the photovoltaic module, the inclination angle formed by the flowing direction of the fluid and the back surface of the photovoltaic module A is a second inclination angle beta, the second inclination angle beta is an obtuse angle, and the fluid is jetted into the interior of the photovoltaic module along the obtuse angle;
the disassembling device used in the method comprises an upper frame and a spraying device, wherein the spraying device is arranged on the upper frame and comprises a moving beam, a first driving mechanism, a spray head, a supporting mechanism, a second driving mechanism and a controller; two ends of the movable beam extend along the longitudinal direction of the disassembling device, the movable beam is provided with a mounting seat, and the first driving mechanism drives the movable beam to move along the transverse direction of the upper rack; the supporting mechanism is arranged on the moving beam, the spray head is connected to the supporting mechanism, the second driving mechanism is arranged on the moving beam and used for driving the supporting mechanism to move longitudinally along the upper frame, and the controller controls the spraying device and the photovoltaic module to move relatively according to the set path.
2. The dismantling method according to claim 1, wherein the moving path sequence of said jet device during cutting is: first along the second path and then along the first path.
3. The dismantling method according to claim 1, wherein the spraying device sprays a portion of the fluid onto the photovoltaic module and another portion of the fluid onto a non-dismantling region outside the photovoltaic module while moving along the beginning or end of the first path.
4. The dismantling method according to claim 1, wherein the movement of the jet device along the second path causes a portion of the fluid ejected from the jet device to act on the photovoltaic module, and another portion of the fluid ejected from the jet device to the non-dismantling region outside the photovoltaic module.
5. The disassembling method according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the fluid ejected from the ejection device is 10 to 75MPa, and the distance between the ejection port of the ejection device and the target is 0.02 to 1.6 m.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911020470.3A CN110783428B (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2019-10-25 | Disassembling method of photovoltaic module |
| PCT/CN2019/117132 WO2021077479A1 (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2019-11-11 | Method for disassembling photovoltaic module |
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| CN201911020470.3A CN110783428B (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2019-10-25 | Disassembling method of photovoltaic module |
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| CN115117197B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2023-08-01 | 常州瑞赛环保科技有限公司 | Spray head for disassembling photovoltaic module |
| CN114473105B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2024-02-23 | 环创(厦门）科技股份有限公司 | Disassembling platform for waste circuit board |
| CN114733878B (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-06-13 | 内蒙古新创环境科技有限公司 | Dismounting device of retired photovoltaic module backplate |
| CN115945497B (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2024-06-25 | 宁夏大学 | Backboard stripping method of photovoltaic module |
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| DE19609572C2 (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 2001-10-04 | Amd Anlagen Und Maschb Gmbh | Method and device for dismantling motor vehicles |
| JP2004327962A (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2004-11-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Resist separation apparatus and separation method |
| CN101112728A (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2008-01-30 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | Circuit board element and welding flux separating and recovery method and device thereof |
| KR20170036953A (en) * | 2015-09-24 | 2017-04-04 | 지에스인더스트리(주) | Metal Strip device and method for LED process |
| KR101842224B1 (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2018-03-26 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | Partial dismantling device of photovoltaic module |
| CN109092842B (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2021-07-30 | 常州瑞赛环保科技有限公司 | Scrapped photovoltaic module disassembling method |
| CN208895907U (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2019-05-24 | 常州瑞赛环保科技有限公司 | Nozzle is used in photovoltaic panel recycling |
| CN109365482B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2023-10-03 | 营口金辰机械股份有限公司 | Automatic disassembly and recovery production line and method for waste crystalline silicon solar cell modules |
| CN115117197B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2023-08-01 | 常州瑞赛环保科技有限公司 | Spray head for disassembling photovoltaic module |
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