CN110780962B - Application window title bar and window control display method in X window manager - Google Patents
Application window title bar and window control display method in X window manager Download PDFInfo
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- CN110780962B CN110780962B CN201910980654.8A CN201910980654A CN110780962B CN 110780962 B CN110780962 B CN 110780962B CN 201910980654 A CN201910980654 A CN 201910980654A CN 110780962 B CN110780962 B CN 110780962B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/451—Execution arrangements for user interfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for displaying a title bar and a window control of an application window in an X window manager, which can display the title bar and the window control as required under the condition of ensuring that the title bar and the window control are reserved in the application window, thereby reserving good information presentation and window interaction effects, avoiding visual damage of the title bar to the application window, maximizing the application window, fully utilizing the display space of a display, unifying partial display effects of a QT program and a GTK program and improving the window display effects of different applications in the X window manager.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of networks, in particular to a method for displaying an application window title bar and a window control in an X window manager.
Background
For UNIX-like systems (Linux, BSD), there are various different desktop environments and window managers, which can be broadly divided into tiled window managers (i3, Awesome, Openbox, etc.) and stacked window managers, which are mostly distributed as components of desktop environments (KDE, GNOME, Unity, etc.), such as the Metacity in GNOME, KWin in KDE. Different window managers process the title bar and window controls of the application in different ways.
Firstly, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the existing tiled window manager and the existing stacked window manager, the tiled window manager is characterized in that a large number of keyboard shortcut keys are defined to complete the operations of closing, maximizing, minimizing, dragging, window stretching … … and the like of an application window, and only the application window is displayed, but an application title bar and a window control are not displayed. The method has the advantages that the display effect is attractive, but the window operation user interaction is complicated. The stacked window manager is characterized in that a border, a title bar and a window control are added to an application window, the application title bar and the window control are in the same horizontal area (see figure 1), and the stacked window manager has the advantages that operations such as closing, maximizing, minimizing, dragging and window stretching … … can be conveniently performed, but the stacked window manager has the defects that the additional border and the title bar are easily not uniform with an application display style, attractiveness is affected, the additional title bar often occupies a screen display space and is mixed with the application window to cause the display proportion of main content of the application window to be disordered to a certain extent, and the attractiveness is further affected.
Further analyzing the layout style of the application window of the stacked window manager (see fig. 2 and 3), for some complex applications, the display area under the X window manager often includes, from top to bottom, a title bar, a menu bar, a toolbar, and a content area, where the information displayed in the title bar area is limited, but occupies a large portion of the screen display space, and causes the aesthetic appearance of the application window to be degraded. For some applications that are simple to operate and the menu bar and the toolbar are folded by default, the large title bar may appear to be disproportionate in the whole application window, and the aesthetic degree is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
By using the Direct3D graphic library in the Windows default window manager, the stacked title bar and window control can be conveniently realized, the screen display space is saved, but the title bar and the window control can only be displayed or hidden at the same time but cannot be displayed and hidden independently, and the Direct3D is defaulted in the Windows system and is not suitable for the UNIX-like platform. There is a cross-platform graphics development library-OpenGL similar to Direct3D under UNIX-like platforms.
The invention combines the characteristics of the tiled type and the stacked type, refers to the realization of a Direct3D component in Windows on the stacked title bar, sets the title bar and the window control to be tiled on the plane of an application window and cover the top layer of the application window, and sets the title bar to be hidden by default and displayed as required, and sets the window control to be displayed by default and hidden as required.
Under the similar UNIX platform (Linux, BSD), on the premise of not influencing the information display and window control of the window manager, the invention realizes the display of the application window title bar and the window control according to the requirement by improving the display mode of the application window title bar and the window control, thereby beautifying the window display effect and the unification of the title bar styles of QT and GTK programs and fully utilizing the display space of the display.
The invention provides three places which can be improved:
(1) the title bar is displayed in a stack on an upper layer parallel to the plane of the application window and is set to be displayed on demand. Therefore, the display effect of the application window is maximized, the attractiveness of the application window is improved, and the requirement on the title bar is met by displaying the application window according to the requirement. At this step, in order to reduce the development difficulty, a frame.windows component in the OpenGL development library may be called to draw a new window.view on top of the application in the activity state.
The difficulty of component development can be alleviated by means of OpenGL, but the software running efficiency is reduced to a certain extent. And shielding the technical difference between the QT program and the GTK program by utilizing the cross-language and cross-platform characteristics of the openGL graphic library, and unifying the display effects of the QT program and the GTK program.
(2) And placing the window control area on the right side of the same horizontal plane of the title bar, and setting the window control area to be displayed as required. Through analysis, most application window control areas are composed of three parts of min, max and close, and the default style is shown in the attached figure 3. Because most of application windows are arranged from top to bottom and from left to right in typesetting, the upper right corner of the application windows is not displayed under normal conditions, the window control area is arranged at the rightmost side of the upper layer of the application windows, the application interaction is not easily influenced, and for some special applications with the interaction area at the upper right corner of the application windows, the window control area at the upper right corner can be hidden and displayed as required, so that the window control is prevented from influencing the original interaction function of the application windows.
Calling APIs in OpenGL can easily implement cascading title bar and window controls, using the frame windows component in OpenGL to draw the panel1 and panel2 regions, respectively, for the display of title bar and window control regions. Taking the panel1 as a title bar area and the panel2 as a window control area, using activity process management methods activity.
(3) The background colors of the title bar and the window control are set to be adaptive and consistent with the background color of the application window, or the background colors of the title bar and the window control can be customized by a user, and the border of the application window is set to be 1px or none. The display effect of the application is further beautified, and the display style difference of the QT program and the GTK program in different desktop environments is avoided.
For the background color of the adaptive application window, a windows.
The improved method is technically characterized in that the cascading type window control which is displayed in a default mode and the cascading type title bar which is hidden in a default mode are arranged side by side, the title bar and the window control can be displayed and hidden according to requirements, screen space is not occupied, and the background colors of the title bar and the window control area are adaptive and the application window color is consistent. Has the technical characteristics different from the prior technical scheme: the existing tiled window manager has no title bar and window control area; the title bar and the window control of the laminated window manager are displayed above the application window and occupy the display space of the screen; direct3D in Windows can realize the stack display of title bar and window control, but the title bar and window control can only be displayed or hidden at the same time, and cannot be used in UNIX-like platforms.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
the method for displaying the title bar and the window control of the application window in the X window manager is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) drawing a window frame which tightly wraps the application window to the boundary of the active application window;
(2) drawing an area which is consistent with the horizontal width of the window and has the height of 50px under the upper boundary of the drawn window frame and placing the area on the upper layer of the application window plane;
(3) drawing an application title bar and a window control area from left to right in the area created in the step (2), and setting the background color self-adaption to be consistent with the color of a menu bar of the application window or the area occupied by the menu bar;
(4) hiding the title bar area, and setting the window control area to be displayed;
(5) and finally, when the user activates the keyboard to trigger the display and the hiding of the title bar and the display and the hiding of the window control, executing operation.
Further, in the step (1), when the system monitors that the application is in an active state, a default window manager component draws a frame surrounding the application window in the active state around each active window, and Activity registers a top-level control into a WindowManager; therefore, the views added in the WindowManager are system global and independent from each application, and cannot influence each other.
The further scheme is that in the step (2), the covering on the application window means that the covering is placed on the application window plane instead of the longitudinal upper side of the application window, a window manager is called to add a floating window View, a panel display area is added above the application window, and the display areas are respectively drawn in the panel area for a title bar and a window control area, so that containers of the stacked title bar and the window control are established, and the stacked layer can call a frame.
Further, in the step (3), the system window manager extracts information of the active window and fills the information into the title bar area, where the title bar content may be adjusted to align: left, center, right alignment mode, and default vertical centering; the window control area consists of three parts of min, max and close; draw the panel1 and panel2 regions, respectively, using the frame in OpenGL. windows component, with panel as the title bar region and panel2 as the window control region; because most application windows are arranged from top to bottom and from left to right in typesetting, the upper right corner of the application window is not displayed with contents in general, and the application interaction is not easily influenced by arranging the window control area at the rightmost side of the upper layer of the application window.
Further, in the step (4), the title bar area is hidden, so that the effect of not shielding an application menu bar or a toolbar under some applications is achieved, the window control area is displayed on the right side in a default mode, and the View layer where the title bar is located is destroyed in the Windows Manager, so that the title bar is hidden.
In the step (5), when a user needs to view information of the application title bar, the display/hiding switching of the title bar can be activated through a keyboard shortcut key, and under some conditions, a window control on the right side may cover the application to affect interaction, and at this time, the hiding/display switching of the window control can be activated through the keyboard shortcut key; the active process management methods of the system itself, activity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the application window title bar and window control display method in the X window manager realizes the beautification of the application window display effect and the unification of the title bar styles of QT and GTK programs by introducing the laminated window title bar and window control in the design of the application window title bar and window control, and fully utilizes the display space of the display.
The invention can display the title bar and the window control as required under the condition of ensuring that the title bar and the window control are reserved in the application window, thereby reserving good information presentation and window interaction effects, avoiding visual damage of the title bar to the application window, maximizing the application window, fully utilizing the display space of the display, unifying partial display effects of a QT program and a GTK program and improving the window display effects of different applications under an X window manager.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the embodiments or the drawings needed to be practical in the prior art description, and obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the embodiments, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of application window styles under a tiled window manager.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of application window styles under a stacked window manager, where a menu bar is not necessary but is common to almost all applications, and some applications may also have tool bars, property bars, etc.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a window control, the window control may further include a help module, and the mouse may perform a dragging operation outside a button triggering range of the window control region.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an improved initial style of an application window, when a title bar is hidden.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a style of the improved application window after waking up the title bar, and the title bar is covered in a menu bar or a top area of the application window after waking up.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of application window improvement wherein the title bar and window control region are rendered with base color adaptation consistent with the upper region color inside the application window plane.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
In any embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, a method for displaying a title bar and a window control of an application window in an X window manager according to the present invention includes:
(1) firstly, drawing a window frame for tightly wrapping an application window aiming at the boundary of an active application window;
(2) drawing an area which is consistent with the horizontal width of the window and has the height of 50px under the upper boundary of the drawn window frame and placing the area on the upper layer of the application window plane;
(3) drawing an application title bar and a window control area from left to right in the area created in the step (2), and setting the background color self-adaption to be consistent with the color of a menu bar of the application window or the area occupied by the menu bar;
(4) hiding the title bar area and setting the window control area to be displayed, as shown in the attached figure 4;
(5) and finally, when the user activates the keyboard to trigger the title bar display and hiding and the window control display and hiding, the operation is executed, and partial effects are as shown in the figures 4 and 5.
In the step (1), when the system monitors that the application is in an active state, the default Window Manager component draws a frame surrounding the application Window in the active state around each active Window, and the Activity registers the top-level control in the Window Manager; therefore, the views added in the Window Manager are system global and independent from each application, and cannot influence each other.
In the step (2), covering the application window means that the application window is placed on the application window plane instead of being placed above the application window in the longitudinal direction, a window manager is called to add a floating window View, a panel display area is added above the application window, and display areas are respectively drawn for a title bar and a window control area in the panel area, so that containers of the stacked title bar and the window control are established, and the stacked layer can call a frame.
In step (3), the system window manager extracts the information of the active window and fills the information into the title bar area, wherein the title bar content can be adjusted to align as: left, center, right alignment, and default to vertical centering. The window control area is composed of three parts of min, max and close. The windows component in OpenGL was used to draw the panel1 and panel2 regions, respectively, with panel1 as the title bar region and panel2 as the window control region. Because most application windows are arranged from top to bottom and from left to right in typesetting, the upper right corner of the application window is not displayed with contents in general, and the application interaction is not easily influenced by arranging the window control area at the rightmost side of the upper layer of the application window.
The background colors of the title bar and the window control are set to be the background colors of the menu bar or the menu bar area of the self-adaptive application window to a certain extent, or the background colors of the title bar and the window control can be customized by a user, and the alpha channel value of the color is set to be 0 by using a windows. The application window border is set to 1px or none. The display effect of the application is further beautified, and the display style difference of the QT program and the GTK program in different desktop environments is avoided.
In the step (4), the title bar area is hidden, so that the effect of not shielding an application menu bar or a toolbar under certain applications is achieved, the window control area is displayed on the right side in a default mode, and the View layer where the title bar is located is destroyed in Windows Manager, so that the title bar is hidden.
In the step (5), when a user needs to view the application title bar information, the display/hiding switching of the title bar can be activated through a keyboard shortcut key, and in some cases, a window control on the right side may cover the application to affect interaction, and at this time, the hiding/display switching of the window control can be activated through the keyboard shortcut key. The active process management methods of the system itself, activity.
The invention realizes the beautification of the display effect of the application window and the unification of the title bar styles of QT and GTK programs by introducing the cascading window title bar and the window control in the design of the application window title bar and the window control, and fully utilizes the display space of the display.
The invention can display the title bar and the window control as required under the condition of ensuring that the title bar and the window control are reserved in the application window, thereby reserving good information presentation and window interaction effects, avoiding visual damage of the title bar to the application window, maximizing the application window, fully utilizing the display space of the display, unifying partial display effects of a QT program and a GTK program and improving the window display effects of different applications under an X window manager.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims. It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
- A method for displaying a title bar and a window control of an application window in an X window manager, comprising the steps of:(1) drawing a window frame which tightly wraps the application window to the boundary of the active application window;(2) drawing an area which is consistent with the horizontal width of the window and has the height of 50px under the upper boundary of the drawn window frame and covering the area on the application window;covering on an application window means that the application window is placed on an application window plane instead of being placed above the application window in the longitudinal direction, a window manager is called to add a floating window View, a panel display area is added above the application window, and display areas are respectively drawn in the panel area for a title bar and a window control area, so that containers of a stacked title bar and a window control are established, and a stacked layer can call a frame.(3) Drawing an application title bar and a window control area from left to right in the area created in the step (2), and setting the background color self-adaption to be consistent with the color of a menu bar of the application window or the area occupied by the menu bar;(4) hiding the title bar area, and setting the window control area to be displayed;(5) and finally, when the user activates the keyboard to trigger the display and the hiding of the title bar and the display and the hiding of the window control, executing operation.
- 2. The method for displaying title bar and Window controls of application Window in X Window Manager according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), when the system monitors that the application is in active state, the default Window Manager component will draw a frame surrounding the application Window in active state around each active Window, and Activity will register the top level control in Window Manager; therefore, the views added in the Window Manager are system global and independent from each application, and cannot influence each other.
- 3. The method for displaying title bar and window control of application window in X window manager as claimed in claim 1, wherein in said step (3), the system window manager extracts the information of active window and fills in the title bar area, wherein the title bar content can be adjusted to align as: left, center, right alignment mode, and default vertical centering; the window control area consists of three parts of min, max and close; draw the panel1 and panel2 regions, respectively, using the frame in OpenGL. windows component, with panel1 as the title bar region and panel2 as the window control region; because most application windows are arranged from top to bottom and from left to right in typesetting, the upper right corner of the application window is not displayed with contents in general, and the application interaction is not easily influenced by arranging the window control area at the rightmost side of the upper layer of the application window.
- 4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (4), the title bar area is hidden to avoid obscuring the application menu bar or tool bar in some applications, and the window control area is displayed on the right side by default, so as to destroy the View layer where the title bar is located in Windows Manager to hide the title bar.
- 5. The method for displaying the title bar and the window control of the application window in the X window manager according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), when the user needs to view the information of the title bar of the application, the display/hiding switching of the title bar can be activated by a keyboard shortcut key, and in some cases, the window control on the right side may also cover the application to affect the interaction, and at this time, the hiding/display switching of the window control can be activated by the keyboard shortcut key; the active process management methods of the system itself, activity.
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| CN112256372B (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2023-12-26 | 北京字跳网络技术有限公司 | Information processing method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN112000417B (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-05-28 | 统信软件技术有限公司 | Control method for window display effect and computing device |
| CN112269604B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-06-01 | 北京技德系统技术有限公司 | Window interaction method and device for compatibly running Android application on Linux |
| CN112988103B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-08-20 | 统信软件技术有限公司 | Data display method and computing device |
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