CN110780420A - Optical system of variable F-number thermal infrared imager - Google Patents
Optical system of variable F-number thermal infrared imager Download PDFInfo
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- CN110780420A CN110780420A CN201910948598.XA CN201910948598A CN110780420A CN 110780420 A CN110780420 A CN 110780420A CN 201910948598 A CN201910948598 A CN 201910948598A CN 110780420 A CN110780420 A CN 110780420A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 8
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
- G02B13/001—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras
- G02B13/008—Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras designed for infrared light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical system of a variable F number thermal infrared imager, which has different F numbers under different fields of view, realizes that the optical system has a larger F number to meet the limitation of volume in a small field of view state, and has a smaller F number in a large field of view state, thereby effectively utilizing the caliber and improving the energy acquisition efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to an optical system of a variable F-number thermal infrared imager.
Background
Compared with a visible light optical system, the infrared optical system can detect the radiation information of a target and perform all-weather observation on the target, so that the infrared optical system is more and more widely applied to the fields of tracking, reconnaissance, monitoring and the like.
The refrigeration type infrared detector is generally applied to an infrared target searching and tracking system due to the better detection efficiency. In order to achieve the maximum suppression of stray radiation, the aperture of the optical system needs to be 100% matched with the cold screen of the refrigeration-type detector, that is, the F number of the optical system is consistent with the F number of the detector, as shown in fig. 1 in particular, however, in practical applications, the requirements on the volume, weight, resolution, action distance, and the like of the infrared optical system are more and more stringent, and the F-number-fixed optical system gradually fails to meet the requirements with the increasing demands on the field range, image quality, system miniaturization, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an optical system of a variable F-number thermal infrared imager, which solves the problem that the existing fixed F-number optical system cannot meet the requirements of users.
The invention provides an optical system of a variable F number thermal infrared imager, which comprises: the system comprises a telescope structure, a flyback swing mirror, an imaging lens group and an infrared refrigeration detector;
the telescopic structure is used for converting scene light emitted by a target into parallel light to be emitted;
the flyback oscillating mirror is used for reflecting the parallel light to the imaging mirror group;
the imaging mirror group is used for imaging the light reflected by the flyback oscillating mirror onto an image surface of the infrared refrigeration detector;
the infrared refrigeration detector is used for switching the F number of the view field through the change of the variable cold diaphragm on the infrared refrigeration detector, and adjusting the state of the F number through the thermal infrared imager optical system according to the state of the view field so as to perform infrared search and tracking.
Preferably, the telescopic structure further comprises: an objective lens group, a view field lens group and a collimating lens group;
the objective lens group is used for converging scene object light emitted by a target to the view field lens group;
the field of view mirror group is used for switching the field of view of the scene object light emitted by the objective lens group;
and the collimating lens group is used for emitting the scene object light with the view field switched by the view field lens group as parallel light.
Preferably, the fly-back mirror is arranged at the exit pupil of the telescopic structure.
Preferably, the imaging mirror group is further configured to converge the parallel light reflected by the flyback oscillating mirror, and image the parallel light onto the infrared refrigeration detector.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the thermal infrared imager optical system has different F numbers under different fields of view, the optical system has larger F number to meet the limitation of volume in a small field of view state, and has smaller F number in a large field of view state, thereby effectively utilizing the caliber and improving the energy acquisition efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical system of a conventional fixed F-number thermal infrared imager;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a variable F-number thermal infrared imager optical system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an overall schematic view of an optical path of an optical system of a variable F-number thermal infrared imager according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a variable F number medium wave thermal infrared imager optical system with a small field of view (F/4) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a variable F number medium wave thermal infrared imager optical system with a large field of view (F/2) according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the small field of view (F/4) optical transfer function of the variable F number medium wave thermal infrared imager optical system of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a large field of view (F/2) optical transfer function of a variable F number medium wave thermal infrared imager optical system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to solve the problem that the existing fixed F number optical system cannot meet the requirements of users, the invention provides a variable F number medium wave thermal infrared imager optical system, which has different F numbers under different fields of view, so that the optical system has a larger F number to meet the limitation of volume in a small field of view state, and has a smaller F number in a large field of view state, thereby effectively utilizing the caliber and improving the energy acquisition efficiency. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an optical system of a variable F-number medium wave thermal infrared imager, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the system includes: the system comprises a telescope structure, a flyback swing mirror, an imaging lens group and an infrared refrigeration detector;
the telescopic structure is used for converting scene light emitted by a target into parallel light to be emitted;
the flyback oscillating mirror is used for reflecting the parallel light to the imaging mirror group;
the imaging mirror group is used for imaging the light reflected by the flyback oscillating mirror onto an image surface of the infrared refrigeration detector;
the infrared refrigeration detector is used for switching the F number of the view field through the change of the variable cold diaphragm on the infrared refrigeration detector, and adjusting the state of the F number through the thermal infrared imager optical system according to the state of the view field so as to perform infrared search and tracking.
That is to say, the thermal infrared imager optical system can have different F numbers under different fields of view, so that the optical system has a larger F number to meet the limitation of volume in a small field of view state and a smaller F number in a large field of view state, thereby effectively utilizing the aperture and improving the energy acquisition efficiency.
In a specific implementation, in an embodiment of the present invention, the telescopic structure further includes: an objective lens group, a view field lens group and a collimating lens group;
the objective lens group is used for converging scene object light emitted by a target to the view field lens group;
the field of view mirror group is used for switching the field of view of the scene object light emitted by the objective lens group;
and the collimating lens group is used for emitting the scene object light with the view field switched by the view field lens group as parallel light.
And as shown in fig. 3, the flyback pendulum in the embodiment of the present invention is disposed at the exit pupil of the telescopic structure. In the embodiment of the invention, the imaging lens group converges the parallel light reflected by the flyback oscillating mirror and images the parallel light on the infrared refrigeration detector.
Specifically, the variable-F-number thermal infrared imager optical system provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises an objective lens group, a field lens group, a collimating lens group, a flyback pendulum lens, an imaging lens group and a variable cold diaphragm infrared refrigeration detector, wherein the variable-F-number thermal infrared imager optical system has different F numbers under different fields of view, so that the optical system has a larger F number to meet the limitation of volume in a small field of view state, and has a smaller F number in a large field of view state, thereby effectively utilizing the caliber and improving the energy acquisition efficiency.
The important role of the cold stop of the infrared refrigeration detector is to block unwanted stray light radiation, so that the stop of the infrared optical system is required to be arranged at the cold stop of the detector, which is a necessary condition for obtaining high-quality images and one of the difficulties in the design process of the infrared optical system. Since the F number of the detector is directly related to the size of the cold stop, the matching of the cold stop, i.e. the F number of the optical system, is matched with the F number of the detector. In other words, in the case of the conventional fixed F number optical system, under the condition of the limitation on the system volume, in order to ensure the imaging quality, the small field of view generally occupies the whole clear aperture of the system, and at this time, for the large field of view, only a part of the system aperture can be used due to the limitation of the cold stop, resulting in the reduction of the energy acquisition efficiency, as shown in fig. 1.
Generally speaking, the embodiment of the invention ensures the energy utilization rate and the image quality of the small field of view, and the large field of view can make the F number of the detector larger by changing the size of the cold diaphragm under the condition of not changing the focal length, so that the relative aperture of the system is changed, the light-transmitting aperture used by the system becomes larger, more energy is obtained, the energy acquisition efficiency is improved, the imaging quality is improved, and the engineering requirement of an infrared search tracking optical system is better adapted.
In the embodiment of the invention, the objective lens group, the field lens group and the collimating lens group form a telescopic structure, and switching of large and small fields is realized by switching in/out of a field lens in a light path;
the flyback oscillating mirror is positioned at the exit pupil of the telescope structure and in the parallel light, so that the size control of the flyback oscillating mirror is facilitated, and the debugging is convenient;
the imaging lens group converges the parallel light emitted by the telescopic structure and images the parallel light on the infrared refrigeration detector;
the variable cold diaphragm infrared refrigeration detector is provided with a variable cold diaphragm capable of realizing an F number switching function;
that is to say, the variable-F-number thermal infrared imager optical system provided by the embodiment of the invention has a large field of view and a small field of view, the field of view mirror group is cut out into a small field of view, and the field of view mirror group is cut into a large field of view. Scene object light emitted by a target is emitted as parallel light with a reduced aperture after passing through an objective lens group, a view field lens group and a collimating lens group, and then reaches an imaging lens group after being reflected by a flyback swing mirror, and is imaged on a detector image surface through the imaging lens group, the detector realizes the switching of F numbers of two view fields through the change and matching of a variable cold diaphragm, when an optical system is in a small view field state, the detector is in a state of a larger F number, and when the optical system is in a large view field state, the detector is in a state of a smaller F number.
The optical system of the variable-F-number thermal infrared imager provided by the invention realizes the simultaneous F number change of the optical system and the detector when the optical system is switched between a small visual field and a large visual field, realizes the matching of the optical system and the detector under different F number states, can realize that the optical system has a larger F number in the small visual field state so as to meet the limitation of volume, and has a smaller F number in the large visual field state so as to effectively utilize the caliber and improve the energy acquisition efficiency;
the optical system of the variable F-number thermal infrared imager realizes the switching of the large and small fields of view through the switching of the field view lens, the technology is mature and easy to realize, and meanwhile, the system has a flyback function and is more suitable for the functional requirements of the system;
the defect that the traditional fixed F number optical system cannot meet the requirements on the size, weight, resolution and action distance of an infrared search tracking optical system in practical application is overcome.
Taking medium wave infrared as an example, the optical system of the variable-F-number medium wave thermal infrared imager specifically designed according to the description above consists of an objective lens group, a field lens group, a collimating lens group, a flyback pendulum lens, an imaging lens group and a variable cold diaphragm infrared refrigeration detector along the advancing direction of an optical axis; wherein the objective lens group, the view field lens group and the collimating lens group form a telescopic structure;
the variable F number thermal infrared imager optical system realizes large and small field switching through field lens switching, and correspondingly, the detector utilizes the variable cold diaphragm to be matched with the F number of the optical system.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
when the view field lens group is cut out, the optical system is in a small view field state, target scene light rays are emitted in parallel light after passing through the objective lens group and the collimating lens group, and are imaged on the detector by the imaging lens group after passing through the flyback pendulum lens, and the detector is in a state with a large F number at the moment;
when the field lens group is switched in, the optical system is in a large field state, target scene light rays are emitted as parallel light after passing through the objective lens group, the field lens group and the collimating lens group, and are imaged on the detector by the imaging lens group after passing through the flyback pendulum lens, and the detector is in a state with a small F number at the moment;
optical system design parameters:
operating wavelength or band: medium wave infrared 3-5 μm;
the small field of view focal length F1 is 300mm, and the F number is 4;
the large field focal length F2 is 150MM, and the F number is 2;
the detector type is as follows: the medium wave infrared refrigeration detector is provided with a variable cold diaphragm;
number of probes F: 2 or 4;
the small field optical path is shown in fig. 4, in which the objective lens is a convex lens, the material is germanium single crystal (of course, other materials can be used to design the lens), each lens of the collimating lens group and the imaging lens group is a convex lens, the material is germanium single crystal, and the field lens and the imaging lens group close to the objective lens include aspheric surfaces and binary optical surfaces (for aberration control); the substrate material of the reflector is K9 glass, the flyback oscillating mirror is quartz, and high-reflectivity films are plated on the flyback oscillating mirror;
when the system has a small field of view, the field lens is in a light path cutting state and does not participate in an imaging light path, scene light is directly refracted to the collimating lens group by the objective lens to emit parallel light, then the parallel light is reflected to the imaging lens group by the flyback pendulum lens, the light is converged by the imaging lens group and imaged on an image surface of the detector, the system diaphragm is positioned at the position of a cold diaphragm of the detector, and the size of the cold diaphragm is the state that the detector is in a large F number;
the large field of view light path is shown in fig. 5, when the system has a large field of view, the field lens is in a cut-in state and participates in an imaging light path, the field lens close to the objective lens is a concave lens, the other field lens is a convex lens, the two field lenses are made of ZNSE materials, scene light is refracted to a field lens group by the objective lens, then is refracted to a collimating lens to be parallel light and is emitted, then is reflected to an imaging lens group by a flyback pendulum lens, is converged by the imaging lens group to be imaged on an image surface of the detector, the system diaphragm is located at the position of a cold diaphragm of the detector, and the size of the cold diaphragm is the state that the detector is;
the MTF curves of the variable F number infrared thermal imager optical system for small field of view and large field of view are shown in fig. 6 and 7. As can be seen from the MTF curve, the imaging quality of the large and small fields of view is close to the diffraction limit, and the image quality is good.
The embodiment of the invention realizes the matching of the optical system and the detector under different F number states by the simultaneous F number change of the optical system and the detector when the optical system is switched between a small visual field and a large visual field, can realize that the optical system has larger F number in the small visual field state so as to meet the limitation of volume, and has smaller F number in the large visual field state so as to effectively utilize caliber and improve energy acquisition efficiency; the defect that the traditional fixed F number optical system cannot meet the requirements on the size, weight, resolution and action distance of the infrared search tracking optical system in practical application is overcome, and the engineering requirements of the infrared search tracking optical system are better met.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, and the scope of the invention should not be limited to the embodiments described above.
Claims (4)
1. An optical system of a variable F-number thermal infrared imager is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a telescope structure, a flyback swing mirror, an imaging lens group and an infrared refrigeration detector;
the telescopic structure is used for converting scene light emitted by a target into parallel light to be emitted;
the flyback oscillating mirror is used for reflecting the parallel light to the imaging mirror group;
the imaging mirror group is used for imaging the light reflected by the flyback oscillating mirror onto an image surface of the infrared refrigeration detector;
the infrared refrigeration detector is used for switching the F number of the view field through the change of the variable cold diaphragm on the infrared refrigeration detector, and adjusting the state of the F number through the thermal infrared imager optical system according to the state of the view field so as to perform infrared search and tracking.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the telescopic structure further comprises: an objective lens group, a view field lens group and a collimating lens group;
the objective lens group is used for converging scene object light emitted by a target to the view field lens group;
the field of view mirror group is used for switching the field of view of the scene object light emitted by the objective lens group;
and the collimating lens group is used for emitting the scene object light with the view field switched by the view field lens group as parallel light.
3. The system according to claim 1 or 2,
the retrace oscillating mirror is arranged at the exit pupil of the telescope structure.
4. The system according to claim 1 or 2,
the imaging mirror group is also used for converging the parallel light reflected by the flyback oscillating mirror and imaging the parallel light on the infrared refrigeration detector.
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| CN210864168U (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2020-06-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十一研究所 | Optical system of variable F-number thermal infrared imager |
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- 2019-10-08 CN CN201910948598.XA patent/CN110780420A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
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| CN104297908A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-01-21 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Medium-wave/long-wave double-color multi-field optical system |
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