CN110779845A - Multi-dimensional observation method for pore structure of coating diaphragm of lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Multi-dimensional observation method for pore structure of coating diaphragm of lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110779845A
CN110779845A CN201910862600.1A CN201910862600A CN110779845A CN 110779845 A CN110779845 A CN 110779845A CN 201910862600 A CN201910862600 A CN 201910862600A CN 110779845 A CN110779845 A CN 110779845A
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Prior art keywords
coating
diaphragm
scanning electron
detected
base film
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CN201910862600.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李慧芳
陈荣
纪书文
赵培
王睿
伍绍中
周江
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Tianjin Lishen Battery JSCL
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Tianjin Lishen Battery JSCL
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Priority to CN201910862600.1A priority Critical patent/CN110779845A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/08Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
    • G01N15/088Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-dimensional observation method for a pore structure of a coating diaphragm of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out plane polishing on a diaphragm containing a coating to be detected, and then carrying out appearance observation on a coating part of the diaphragm containing the coating to be detected, which is subjected to the plane polishing, by using a scanning electron microscope to obtain an appearance image of the coating part; secondly, continuing to perform plane polishing on the diaphragm sample containing the coating, and then observing the appearance of the base film part subjected to the plane polishing by using a scanning electron microscope to obtain an appearance image of the base film part; and thirdly, another part of the same to-be-detected coating-containing diaphragm sample is taken, the cross sections of the diaphragm in the TD and MD directions are polished, and then the cross sections of the diaphragm in the TD and MD directions are observed by a scanning electron microscope to obtain corresponding appearance images respectively. The invention can respectively characterize the pore structure of the base film and the coating part of the diaphragm containing the battery coating, and is beneficial to the overall evaluation of the performance and the quality of the diaphragm.

Description

Multi-dimensional observation method for pore structure of coating diaphragm of lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a multi-dimensional observation method for a pore structure of a coating-containing diaphragm of a lithium ion battery.
Background
As a green energy source, lithium ion batteries have been widely used in the fields of mobile phones, notebook computers, mobile power supplies, electric vehicles, and energy storage, and have been recognized by people and markets.
The diaphragm is one of the key components of the lithium ion battery, and has the main functions of separating the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery, preventing the two electrodes from contacting and short-circuiting and providing a micropore channel for lithium ion migration. Although the separator does not directly participate in the electrode reaction, it affects the kinetic process of the battery, and thus, its performance directly affects the capacity, charge and discharge rate, cycle, and safety performance, etc. of the battery.
The pore structure of the separator determines its conductivity to lithium ions and plays an important role in the safety performance of the battery. If the aperture of the diaphragm is too small, the migration rate of lithium ions is limited, so that the internal resistance of the battery is increased, and the performance of the battery is influenced; if the pore diameter is too large, the permeability of lithium ions is increased, and the separator is easily pierced by foreign substances, lithium dendrites, and the like, which causes safety problems such as self-discharge, internal short circuit, and even explosion of the battery.
At present, when the pore structure of the diaphragm is evaluated, special equipment such as a capillary flow analyzer and a mercury porosimeter is used for testing the porosity, the pore size and the distribution of the diaphragm. For the coating-containing diaphragm commonly used in the current power lithium ion battery, the indexes can only reflect the comprehensive effect of the diaphragm pore structure, but cannot respectively represent the pore structures of the base film and the coating part of the coating-containing diaphragm, so that the relationship between the performance and the quality of the diaphragm and the pore structures of the two layers cannot be timely and effectively judged in the development of the diaphragm material, and the further optimization and development of the material are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-dimensional observation method for a pore structure of a coating-containing diaphragm of a lithium ion battery, aiming at the technical defects in the prior art.
Therefore, the invention provides a multi-dimensional observation method for a pore structure of a lithium ion battery separator containing a coating, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, performing plane polishing on a diaphragm containing a coating to be detected through an argon ion beam polisher, and then observing the appearance of the coating part of the diaphragm containing the coating to be detected, which is subjected to the plane polishing, by using a scanning electron microscope to obtain an appearance image of the coating part of the diaphragm containing the coating to be detected;
the second step is that: continuing to perform plane polishing on the coating-containing diaphragm sample subjected to the observation by using an argon ion beam polisher, and then performing appearance observation on the base film part of the coating-containing diaphragm to be detected subjected to the plane polishing by using a scanning electron microscope to obtain a appearance image of the base film part of the coating-containing diaphragm to be detected;
the third step: and another part of the same diaphragm sample containing the coating to be detected is taken, the cross sections of the diaphragm in the TD direction and the MD direction are polished by an argon ion beam polisher, and then the cross sections of the diaphragm in the TD direction and the MD direction are observed by a scanning electron microscope to obtain corresponding appearance images respectively.
In the first step, the appearance image of the coating part of the coating diaphragm to be measured, which is obtained by a scanning electron microscope, is subjected to binarization processing, and the porosity of the coating part is counted.
In the second step, the appearance image of the base film part to be measured containing the coating diaphragm obtained by a scanning electron microscope is subjected to binarization processing, and the porosity of the base film part is counted.
Compared with the prior art, the multi-dimensional observation method for the pore structure of the coating diaphragm of the lithium ion battery can respectively represent the pore structure of the base film and the coating part of the coating diaphragm of the battery, is favorable for comprehensively evaluating the performance and the quality of the diaphragm, and has great practical significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a multi-dimensional observation method for a pore structure of a lithium ion battery separator containing a coating provided by the invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic view of the coating morphology obtained by observing the morphology of the coating portion of the diaphragm A subjected to plane polishing by a scanning electron microscope in example 1 at 5000 times magnification;
FIG. 2b is a schematic view of the coating morphology obtained by observing the morphology of the coating portion of the diaphragm A subjected to plane polishing by a scanning electron microscope in example 1 at a magnification of 500 times;
FIG. 2c is a schematic view of the coating morphology obtained by observing the morphology of the coating portion of the separator B subjected to the plane polishing by a scanning electron microscope in example 1 at a magnification of 5000 times;
FIG. 2d is a schematic view of the coating morphology obtained by observing the morphology of the coating portion of the diaphragm B subjected to plane polishing by a scanning electron microscope in example 1 at a magnification of 500 times;
FIG. 3a is a schematic view of the morphology of the base film portion of the separator A subjected to the surface polishing, as observed by a scanning electron microscope in example 1, at 5000 times magnification;
FIG. 3B is a schematic view of the base film portion of the separator B subjected to the surface polishing, observed by a scanning electron microscope, having a base film morphology at 5000 times magnification in example 1;
FIG. 4a is a schematic view of the TD cross-sectional morphology of the separator A subjected to plane polishing obtained by observing the morphology of the TD cross-sectional morphology under a scanning electron microscope in example 1 at 2000 times magnification;
fig. 4B is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional morphology in the TD direction obtained by observing the cross-sectional morphology in the TD direction of the separator B subjected to plane polishing with a scanning electron microscope in example 1 at 2000 times magnification.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a multi-dimensional observation method for a pore structure of a coating-containing separator of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, performing plane polishing on a diaphragm containing a coating to be detected through an argon ion beam polisher, and then observing the appearance of the coating part of the diaphragm containing the coating to be detected, which is subjected to the plane polishing, by using a scanning electron microscope to obtain an appearance image of the coating part of the diaphragm containing the coating to be detected;
for the present invention, in the first step, specifically, the polishing time is controlled to realize the planar polishing process of the coating portion.
In the first step, in concrete implementation, the determination of the plane polishing time needs to be determined by groping through previous step experiments according to the material and the thickness of the coating. If the plane is polished for 5-10 min, observing by a scanning electron microscope to achieve the expected observation effect; if the effect is not achieved, polishing is continued for 5-10 min, and observation is carried out by an electron microscope until the expected observation effect is achieved. Wherein the expected observation effect refers to: by plane polishing, a flat observation plane of the coating portion can be obtained without significant cutting marks caused by ion beam machining.
In the first step, specifically, in the aspect of implementation, a scanning electron microscope is used for observing the appearance of the coating part subjected to plane polishing, and the grain diameter of the coating component material and the distribution consistency thereof, the pore diameter of the coating part and the distribution consistency thereof and the like are mainly inspected;
in the first step, specifically, Image processing software such as Image J is used for performing binarization processing on the morphology Image of the coating part of the to-be-measured coating-containing diaphragm obtained by a scanning electron microscope, and the porosity and the like of the coating part are counted (by the Image processing software such as Image J).
Secondly, continuing to perform plane polishing on the coating-containing diaphragm sample subjected to the observation by using an argon ion beam polisher, and then performing appearance observation on the base film part of the coating-containing diaphragm to be detected subjected to the plane polishing by using a scanning electron microscope to obtain a appearance image of the base film part of the coating-containing diaphragm to be detected;
with the present invention, in the second step, embodied in practice, the polishing time is controlled and the polishing is stopped when a planar image of the base film portion to be tested containing the coated membrane is obtained.
In the second step, specifically, in the aspect of implementation, the shape of the base film part subjected to plane polishing is observed by a scanning electron microscope, and the aperture of the base film and the distribution consistency thereof are mainly inspected;
in the second step, specifically, Image processing software such as Image J is used for performing binarization processing on the morphological Image of the base film part of the to-be-measured coating-containing diaphragm obtained by a scanning electron microscope, and the porosity and the like of the to-be-measured coating-containing diaphragm are counted (by the Image processing software such as Image J).
And thirdly, another part of the same to-be-detected coating-containing diaphragm sample is taken, an argon ion beam polisher is used for polishing the cross section (cross section observation is namely the longitudinal observation of the diaphragm) in the TD (diaphragm width direction) and MD (diaphragm width direction) directions, then a scanning electron microscope is used for carrying out appearance observation on the cross section of the diaphragm in the TD (diaphragm width direction) and MD (diaphragm width direction), and corresponding appearance images are respectively obtained.
It should be noted that TD refers to the width direction of the separator, MD refers to the length direction of the separator, and due to the manufacturing process problems of the separator, the pore structures in the two directions may have large differences, so cross-sectional observations are made in both MD and TD directions.
In the third step, a same sample of the membrane containing the coating to be detected is taken, and the cross section of the membrane containing the coating to be detected in the TD (width direction) and MD (length direction) directions is polished by an argon ion beam polisher so as to realize the integral observation of the longitudinal cross section of the membrane containing the coating to be detected.
In the third step, in the concrete implementation, the cross sections of the diaphragm in the TD and MD directions are observed by a scanning electron microscope, and the pore diameters and the distribution consistency of the coating part and the base film part of the diaphragm in the TD and MD cross section directions are mainly considered.
Based on the technical scheme, the coating and the base film of the diaphragm are subjected to plane polishing respectively, and the pore structures of the two parts are subjected to transverse plane observation; meanwhile, longitudinal observation of the pore structure was also made on the cross sections of the separator in the TD (separator width direction) and MD (separator width direction) directions.
For the invention, the pore structure can be characterized by parameters such as porosity, pore diameter and distribution consistency thereof, and the like, and image analysis software can be used for statistical analysis of other parameters.
Based on the technical scheme, the multi-dimensional observation method for the pore structure of the coating-containing diaphragm of the lithium ion battery, provided by the invention, comprises the steps of respectively carrying out plane polishing treatment on the base film and the coating part of the coating-containing diaphragm, and further realizing transverse observation on the pore diameters and the distribution consistency of the base film and the coating part and calculation of the porosity; meanwhile, the cross sections of the diaphragm in the TD (diaphragm width direction) and MD (diaphragm length direction) directions are combined, so that the longitudinal observation of the diaphragm aperture and the distribution consistency of the diaphragm aperture is realized.
According to the method, transverse and longitudinal multi-dimensional observation is respectively carried out on the coating layer and the base film part of the diaphragm, so that relatively comprehensive quality evaluation is formed on the pore structure in the diaphragm, and the defects of the current testing method are effectively overcome, so that the method has very beneficial practical value and popularization significance in the development and research of diaphragm materials.
In order to more clearly understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is described below by specific examples. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate two comparative tests of commercial single-sided ceramic membranes a and B, to further illustrate the essential features and significant advances of the invention.
Example 1.
The first step is as follows: and performing plane polishing on the to-be-detected coating-containing diaphragms A and B by using an argon ion beam polisher, and controlling the polishing time to realize plane polishing processing on the coating part.
The determination of the plane polishing time needs to be determined by groping through previous step experiments according to the material and the thickness of the coating. If the plane is polished for 10min, observing by a scanning electron microscope to achieve the expected observation effect; if the effect is not achieved, polishing can be continued for 10min, and observation is carried out by an electron microscope until the expected observation effect is achieved.
The argon ion beam polishing apparatus used in this example was 697.C from Gantan corporation, USA, and the polishing time was set to 30min in the plane polishing mode.
The shape of the coating part subjected to the plane polishing is observed by a scanning electron microscope, and as shown in fig. 2a, fig. 2B, fig. 2c and fig. 2d, comparing the two diaphragms a and B, it is found that the ceramic particle size of the diaphragm a is larger than that of the diaphragm B, the coating of the diaphragm a has more large particles, and the coating of the diaphragm B has more large holes.
And (3) carrying out binarization processing on the morphology Image of the coating part by using Image processing software such as Image J and the like, and counting the porosity of the morphology Image by using the software to obtain that the porosity of the coating part of the diaphragm A is 9.0% and the porosity of the coating part of the diaphragm B is 10.9%.
The second step is that: and continuing to perform plane polishing on the coating-containing diaphragm sample which is observed by using an argon ion beam polisher, and controlling the polishing time to stop when a base film partial image is obtained. In this example, the continuous polishing time was set to 20 min.
The shape of the base film part subjected to the plane polishing is observed by a scanning electron microscope, and as shown in fig. 3a and 3B, the base film aperture of the diaphragm A is larger, and the base film aperture of the diaphragm B is smaller by comparing the diaphragms A and B.
And (3) carrying out binarization processing on the morphology Image of the base film by using Image processing software such as Image J and the like, and counting the porosity of the base film by using the software to obtain the porosity of the base film of the diaphragm A of 12.4% and the porosity of the base film part of the diaphragm B of 10.8%.
The third step: and taking the same to-be-detected coating-containing diaphragm sample (namely a part of the same to-be-detected coating-containing diaphragms A and B), and polishing the cross sections of the diaphragm in the TD direction and the MD direction by using an argon ion beam polisher so as to realize the integral observation of the longitudinal cross section of the diaphragm.
The cross sections of the diaphragms in the TD and MD directions are observed in the shape through a scanning electron microscope, as shown in figures 4a and 4B, the comparison between the diaphragms A and B shows that the base membrane of the diaphragm A is large in pore diameter, good in pore diameter consistency and uniform in pore distribution, and the base membrane of the diaphragm B is small in pore diameter, uneven in pore distribution and poor in pore diameter consistency. The coated portion of the separator a has less pores than the separator B.
The results of the multidimensional observation on the pore structures of the separators a and B are summarized in table 1 below, and it is known that the difference in the pore structures of the two separators may be large due to the difference in the production process. The result of the overall porosity of the membrane tested in combination with other instruments (such as capillary flow analyzer, mercury intrusion instrument, etc.) shows that the porosity of the membrane-based membrane contributes significantly to the overall porosity, that the porosity of membrane a is significantly higher than that of membrane B, and that from the consistency analysis of the pore distribution, membrane a is also due to membrane B.
Table 1: and comparing the multi-dimensional observation results of the pore structures of the diaphragm A and the diaphragm B.
Figure BDA0002200260960000061
In example 1, it can be seen from fig. 2d that the ceramic coating portion of the separator (i.e., the separator B) has large pores, and the large pores become weak portions of the separator, which may cause puncture and form micro short circuits of the battery.
In comparison with the base film portion, the separator a has a large number of pores and a large number of large pores, and the separator B has a small pore diameter. From this comparison, the base film of the separator a more easily causes micro short. Therefore, the method of the invention is helpful to find out whether the defects of the separator are caused by the coating or the base film in time to a certain extent.
It should be noted that the detection method provided by the present invention is not limited to multidimensional observation of the pore structure of the coated membrane, and the evaluation parameters are not limited to the porosity, the pore size and the distribution consistency thereof, and any other equivalent substitutions of the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the multi-dimensional observation method for the pore structure of the coating-containing diaphragm of the lithium ion battery provided by the invention can respectively characterize the pore structure of the base film and the coating part of the coating-containing diaphragm of the battery, is beneficial to the overall evaluation of the performance and the quality of the diaphragm, and has great practical significance.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A multi-dimensional observation method for a pore structure of a lithium ion battery separator containing a coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, performing plane polishing on a diaphragm containing a coating to be detected through an argon ion beam polisher, and then observing the appearance of the coating part of the diaphragm containing the coating to be detected, which is subjected to the plane polishing, by using a scanning electron microscope to obtain an appearance image of the coating part of the diaphragm containing the coating to be detected;
secondly, continuing to perform plane polishing on the coating-containing diaphragm sample subjected to the observation by using an argon ion beam polisher, and then performing appearance observation on the base film part of the coating-containing diaphragm to be detected subjected to the plane polishing by using a scanning electron microscope to obtain a appearance image of the base film part of the coating-containing diaphragm to be detected;
and thirdly, another part of the same diaphragm sample containing the coating to be detected is taken, the cross sections of the diaphragm in the TD direction and the MD direction are polished by an argon ion beam polisher, and then the cross sections of the diaphragm in the TD direction and the MD direction are observed by a scanning electron microscope to obtain corresponding appearance images respectively.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the morphology image of the coating portion of the coated separator to be measured obtained by scanning electron microscopy is subjected to binarization processing, and the porosity thereof is counted.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the morphological image of the base film portion of the separator to be tested containing the coating layer obtained by scanning electron microscopy is subjected to binarization processing and the porosity thereof is counted.
CN201910862600.1A 2019-09-12 2019-09-12 Multi-dimensional observation method for pore structure of coating diaphragm of lithium ion battery Pending CN110779845A (en)

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Application publication date: 20200211