CN110779695B - Blasting test system and blasting test method - Google Patents
Blasting test system and blasting test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110779695B CN110779695B CN201910881386.4A CN201910881386A CN110779695B CN 110779695 B CN110779695 B CN 110779695B CN 201910881386 A CN201910881386 A CN 201910881386A CN 110779695 B CN110779695 B CN 110779695B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blasting test system which comprises a safety protection device, a filling and discharging device and a gas distribution device. The invention also discloses a blasting test method using the system. The filling and discharging device, the gas distribution device and the discharge pipeline are directly connected with the shell or the jacket of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be tested, and the stress sensor, the strain sensor and the temperature measuring sensor are additionally arranged on the shell, so that the multi-index test can be carried out on the liquid hydrogen cylinder with the double-layer structure, and the problems of error detection and omission detection of the liquid hydrogen cylinder with the double-layer structure are solved. The invention solves the safety problem of liquid hydrogen test by setting the system and the explosion test steps, reduces fire and explosion risks caused by hydrogen leakage, achieves the aim of reducing explosion energy, and can use real liquid hydrogen medium for testing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gas cylinder detection and detection, in particular to a blasting test system and a blasting test method for a liquid hydrogen gas cylinder.
Background
Hydrogen energy is known as the most important secondary energy of the 21 st century. The liquid hydrogen storage and transportation represent the advanced storage and transportation direction, and the method has wide application prospects in the fields of new energy automobiles, aerospace and the like. The liquid hydrogen cylinder is an important hydrogen storage device of a hydrogen fuel cell automobile. The development and application of the liquid hydrogen cylinder can effectively improve the hydrogen storage density ratio, thereby representing the advanced direction of the development of hydrogen energy equipment.
Due to the characteristics of material performance degradation caused by hydrogen, large storage amount of flammable and explosive media and the like, safe and efficient storage and transportation are the key points for hydrogen energy utilization. The type test is an important link for controlling the quality of hydrogen energy storage and transportation equipment products, and the extreme environment performance test and the quality evaluation are core technologies for the development of industries such as hydrogen energy automobiles and the like. A great deal of research is carried out on the aspects of material hydrogen compatibility, liquid hydrogen thermal stratification, self-pressurization property and the like in the daily and American aspects. The performance test and quality evaluation standard of high-pressure hydrogen storage and transportation equipment is set in the United states, the Japan, and the Europe firstly release UN GTR13, the Global technical and regulatory of Hydrogen and Fuel cell vehicles in 2013, and the performance test, quality evaluation method and qualification control index of the hydrogen storage system of the fuel cell passenger vehicle and the safety accessories thereof are stipulated. A hydrogen circulation fatigue test device for a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder and a valve pipe fitting is developed in Japan, Jia and Europe. At present, no mature inspection standard related to the liquid hydrogen cylinder exists in China, and no related test system exists.
Compared with conventional low-temperature liquid such as liquid nitrogen, liquefied natural gas and the like, the liquid hydrogen has the advantages of lower temperature, stronger leakage, flammability, explosiveness and high danger. The liquid hydrogen medium explosion test carried out aiming at the liquid hydrogen cylinder has great significance for the performance detection and quality evaluation research of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation equipment and the safety guarantee of a liquid hydrogen cylinder device body. The liquid hydrogen vaporization process has large heat exchange amount, the temperature change of an inner container and a supporting structure of the liquid hydrogen cylinder is large and the change speed is high in the filling process of the liquid hydrogen cylinder, compared with liquid nitrogen, the stress strain speed is obviously increased, and the influence analysis on the material and the strength of the container is a difficult problem, so that the liquid hydrogen cylinder explosion test under the real condition needs to be carried out. Nowadays, double-deck liquid hydrogen gas bottle often regards as liquid hydrogen storage tank, and its adiabatic effectual but container structure is complicated, and conventional nondestructive test technique uses the difficulty, and easy false retrieval is missed measure and is examined. Therefore, how to reduce explosion energy, how to ensure safe hydrogen discharge and how to simulate a real liquid hydrogen medium for testing is a key technical problem to be solved in a liquid hydrogen cylinder explosion test.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the problem that the double-layer liquid hydrogen cylinder is easy to detect by mistake and leak in the prior art, and provide a liquid hydrogen cylinder explosion test system and an explosion test method which can reduce explosion energy, ensure safe hydrogen discharge and simulate a real liquid hydrogen medium for testing.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a blasting test system, which comprises a safety protection device, a filling and discharging device and a gas distribution device, wherein the filling and discharging device is arranged on the safety protection device;
the safety protection device comprises a protection shell, a liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected is placed in the protection shell, a jacket is arranged on an outer shell of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected so that the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected forms a double-layer structure with a jacket cavity and an inner cavity, the outer shell is in contact with liquid hydrogen and meets the requirement of the highest working pressure, the jacket cavity is vacuumized, the outer side of the jacket cavity is in contact with the atmospheric environment and only bears external pressure, the outer shell is provided with a stress sensor, a strain sensor and a temperature sensor and is used for monitoring the deformation of a metal wall surface of an inner container along with the impact of the liquid hydrogen, actual measurement data are provided for structural finite element analysis, the problem of obtaining complex structural test data of the double-layer container is solved, the outer shell is provided with a filling interface enabling a filling pipeline to be communicated with the inner cavity, a gas distribution interface enabling the gas distribution pipeline to be communicated with the inner cavity and a first discharge interface, the second discharge interface is used as a discharge port of gas in the liquid to be detected hydrogen cylinder when the gas cylinder shell is exploded;
the filling and discharging device comprises a filling and discharging platform and a liquid hydrogen source, the liquid hydrogen source is connected with the filling and discharging platform, and the filling and discharging platform is communicated with the filling interface through a filling pipeline so as to fill liquid hydrogen into the inner cavity; the gas distribution device is communicated with the gas distribution interface through a gas distribution pipeline and is used for introducing working gas into the inner cavity.
Preferably, the filling and discharging device further comprises a liquid nitrogen source, a discharging port and a detection table, the liquid nitrogen source is communicated with the filling and discharging table, the discharging port is installed on the filling and discharging table, liquid hydrogen is discharged from the filling pipeline in emergency and test termination, and is discharged out of the system through the discharging port, and the detection table is connected with the filling pipeline and used for sampling and detecting media in the filling pipeline and blowing off the filling pipeline and a liquid hydrogen bottle to be detected.
Preferably, a flame arrester, an air-seal gas access point, a temperature detector and a pressure detector are sequentially arranged on the discharge pipeline along the direction of a discharge port far away from the discharge pipeline, and the air-seal gas access point and an air-seal gas cylinder are connected through a pipeline;
the discharge port of the discharge pipeline is an H-shaped discharge port;
the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured is fixed on the inner wall of the protective shell through a saddle.
Preferably, the gas distribution device comprises a blasting test bench, a nitrogen source, a helium source and a hydrogen source, wherein the nitrogen source, the helium source and the hydrogen source are respectively connected with the blasting test bench through pipelines, and a nitrogen pipeline, a helium pipeline and a hydrogen pipeline are respectively led out from the blasting test bench and converged to form the gas distribution pipeline, so that different working gases are introduced into the gas distribution interface by the blasting test bench according to requirements.
Preferably, the inside nitrogen gas fire control ring that sets up of protective housing, the nitrogen gas fire control ring is ring formula tubular structure, a plurality of jet orifices towards the liquid hydrogen cylinder that awaits measuring of ring formula tubular structure equipartition, the nitrogen gas fire control ring pass through fire control gas pipeline with the blasting test testboard is connected, in order by with the nitrogen gas source that the blasting test testboard links to each other provides nitrogen gas, the nitrogen gas fire control ring takes high-pressure inert gas distributing type protection method, and based on high-pressure gas orifice plate throttle injection flow principle, hydrogen diffusion or the dangerous area of catching fire that probably appear at the liquid hydrogen cylinder that awaits measuring form high-speed flowing gas protection, play the effect of quick reduction hydrogen concentration and putting out the condition of a fire.
In addition, preferably, a set of explosion-proof blanket can be additionally arranged outside the safety protection device during the test to protect the peripheral safety and carry out low-temperature protection on the ground of the test site, and the cement ground is bonded and paved by adopting a polystyrene board to prevent a large amount of low-temperature medium from flowing to the ground to cause the damage of the cement ground under the unexpected condition.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of,
the first valve is positioned on the filling pipeline and used for controlling liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen to be introduced into the inner cavity from the filling and discharging platform;
a second valve located on the exhaust conduit proximate the first exhaust interface for controlling the exhaust of gas from the interior chamber from the exhaust conduit;
the third valve is positioned on the gas distribution pipeline and used for controlling gas in the gas distribution device to enter the inner cavity;
the fourth valve is positioned on a connecting pipeline of the air seal gas cylinder and the discharge pipeline and used for controlling the air seal gas to blow off the discharge pipeline;
the fifth valve is positioned on a connecting pipeline of the nitrogen source and the blasting test bench and used for controlling the use of nitrogen in the nitrogen source;
the sixth valve is positioned on a connecting pipeline of the helium source and the blasting test bench and used for controlling the use of helium in the helium source;
and the seventh valve is positioned on a connecting pipeline of the hydrogen source and the blasting test bench and used for controlling the use of hydrogen in the hydrogen source.
The invention also discloses a method for carrying out the blasting test by the blasting test system, which comprises the following steps:
s1: receiving a test piece, ensuring that each part of the system operates normally, and then installing a hydrogen cylinder of liquid to be tested on a saddle inside the safety protection device in place;
s2: connecting pipelines, keeping all valves closed, and respectively connecting a filling pipeline, a discharge pipeline and a gas distribution pipeline with interfaces on a liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected;
s3: checking the air tightness, namely opening the first valve, the third valve and the fifth valve, introducing nitrogen through a nitrogen source, and checking the air tightness of each pipeline in the system;
s4: performing low-temperature freezing, closing the third valve and the fifth valve, opening a liquid nitrogen source and opening the second valve, filling liquid nitrogen into the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be tested, performing preliminary examination on the low-temperature condition, then opening the third valve and the fifth valve, introducing nitrogen for pressurization, performing a low-temperature airtight test and performing system cooling and tightening after pressure relief;
s5: hydrogen replacement, namely opening a seventh valve when the temperature of the system is recovered to the room temperature, and introducing hydrogen through a hydrogen source to replace the gas in the system;
s6: liquid hydrogen filling, namely opening a liquid hydrogen source to fill liquid hydrogen into the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected, and discharging part of the liquid hydrogen after filling to a rated filling amount;
s7: pressurizing with helium, opening a sixth valve to pressurize the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured through a helium source, and performing state monitoring and data acquisition through a stress sensor, a strain sensor and a temperature measuring sensor on the inner wall of the gas cylinder;
s8: continuously pressurizing until the liquid to be detected in the hydrogen cylinder reaches the explosion pressure, and acquiring data at a high speed;
s9: and (4) after-test treatment, releasing pressure to extrusion discharge pressure, extruding residual liquid into a filling pipeline and discharging through a discharge outlet, then recovering the pressure in the whole system to normal pressure and normal temperature, and blowing off residual gas in the system.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
in the step S4, the temperature of the injected liquid nitrogen is 68-77K, if the volume of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected is greater than 200L, the injection amount of the liquid nitrogen is not greater than 100L, if the volume of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected is not greater than 200L, the injection amount of the liquid nitrogen is not greater than 50% of the volume of the gas cylinder to be detected, and nitrogen is introduced to pressurize to 1.4-1.6 MPa;
in step S6, the temperature of the liquid hydrogen to be filled is 15 to 20K, if the volume of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured is greater than 200L, the volume of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured after the liquid hydrogen is discharged is not greater than 100L, and if the volume of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured is not greater than 200L, the volume of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured after the liquid hydrogen is discharged is not greater than 50% of the volume of the gas cylinder to be measured;
in step S7, the pressure of the inner cavity of the hydrogen cylinder is increased to 1MPa, 5MPa, 10MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 10min, and during the period, the state monitoring and data acquisition are performed;
in step S9, the extrusion discharge pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa.
Preferably, during the tests of steps S5-S9, the nitrogen fire ring is held on standby and nitrogen is injected in time for a hydrogen leak or explosion condition.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the filling and discharging device, the gas distribution device and the discharge pipeline are directly connected with the shell or the jacket of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be tested, and the stress sensor, the strain sensor and the temperature measuring sensor are additionally arranged on the shell, so that the multi-index test can be carried out on the liquid hydrogen cylinder with the double-layer structure, and the problems of error detection and omission detection of the liquid hydrogen cylinder with the double-layer structure are solved. Specifically, the liquid hydrogen gas cylinder with the double-layer structure is tested and researched through a bursting test system so as to obtain the corresponding relation between the bursting pressure, the material property, the original size and the material ultimate tensile strength, a static bursting pressure model of the liquid hydrogen gas cylinder with the double-layer structure in a liquid hydrogen temperature zone is established, and the problem that the liquid hydrogen gas cylinder with the double-layer structure is subjected to false detection and missing detection in a conventional method is solved.
2. The temperature test coverage of the invention is more comprehensive, the invention is provided with the filling device, the filling of liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen media can be realized, and the filling of the liquid hydrogen enables the test temperature zone to be downwards expanded to 20K from 77K covered by the similar existing system. The property of the gas cylinder material at the liquid hydrogen temperature is different from the liquid nitrogen temperature, so that the explosion test under a liquid hydrogen medium is realized, the ultimate bearing capacity of the gas cylinder at the liquid hydrogen temperature region is inspected, and the test result is more real and reliable and has higher reference value.
3. The filling and discharging device controls the adding amount and the adding speed of liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen by using the filling and discharging platform, detects medium components in a liquid hydrogen bottle to be detected by using the detection platform, serves as criteria of liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen filling conditions, can blow residual liquid in a pipeline by introducing working gas, can discharge the liquid hydrogen from the filling pipeline in emergency and after test, and prevents potential safety hazards caused by residual liquid hydrogen on site by using the discharging outlet discharging system.
4. The utility model provides a discharge pipe is used for filling process precooling boil-off gas's emission to and the emission of explosion test pressurized gas under the emergency, the gaseous environment in the temperature-sensing ware of installation and the pressure detector real time monitoring entire system, prevent that hydrogen from because the pressure or the blasting that the temperature anomaly risees and arouse, set up spark arrester and H type discharge port simultaneously at the end, prevent through discharge pipe exhaust hydrogen burning and the hydrogen concentration of discharge port too high.
5. The gas distribution device of this application is by the use of three kinds of air supplies of blasting control cabinet control, according to the process of experiment, and the gas of control difference lets in the distribution pipeline and replaces or carries out the pressure boost to the gas cylinder to nitrogen gas fire control ring provides nitrogen gas among the safety device, makes whole blasting test safe high-efficient.
6. Before the experiment, the outer layer of the hydrogen cylinder of the liquid to be detected is 10-3And (4) vacuumizing in the MPa magnitude, so that the outer layer of the gas cylinder to be detected can keep the heat insulation performance, and the inner wall of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected can play a role of overpressure protection when blasting, thereby reducing potential safety hazards.
7. The invention solves the safety problem of liquid hydrogen test, the discharging device adopts the replacement of the blow-off gas seal gas, and the safety problem of particle friction static electricity caused by no water vapor residue in the discharging hydrogen cavity is solved, the safety protection system without over-temperature and over-pressure risks in the hydrogen discharging process can ensure that the shock wave risk caused by explosion is minimum through the strength by monitoring the temperature and the pressure of the discharged gas, and the fire hazard and the explosion risk caused by hydrogen leakage of the testing device are minimum through the nitrogen fire-fighting ring and the real-time concentration monitoring.
8. No matter how large the volume of the liquid hydrogen cylinder is, firstly, liquid hydrogen is filled to the rated filling amount, then, part of the liquid hydrogen is discharged, if the volume of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be tested is larger than 200L, the volume of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be tested after the liquid hydrogen is discharged is not larger than 100L, if the volume of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be tested is not larger than 200L, the volume of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be tested after the liquid hydrogen is discharged is not larger than 50% of the volume of the gas cylinder to be tested, then, helium gas or hydrogen-helium mixed gas is used for pressurizing the gas cylinder until the gas cylinder is blasted, and the safety distance of the blasting can be controlled within. Thereby achieving the purposes of reducing explosion energy and simultaneously using a real liquid hydrogen medium for testing.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a liquid hydrogen cylinder bursting test system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-liquid to be detected hydrogen cylinder; 101-a housing; 102-a jacket; 103-saddle seat;
2-a safety protection device; 201-a protective housing; 202-nitrogen fire-fighting ring;
3-filling and discharging device; 301-filling and discharging table; 302-detection station; 303-a drain port; 304-a liquid hydrogen source; 305-liquid nitrogen source;
4-a discharge device; 401-H type drain; 402-flame arrestors; 403-gas sealed gas cylinder; 404-a temperature detector; 405-a pressure detector; 406-a fourth valve;
5-a gas distribution device; 501-a blasting test bench; 502-nitrogen source; 503-a source of helium gas; 504-a source of hydrogen gas; 505-a fifth valve; 506-a sixth valve; 507-a seventh valve;
6-filling a pipeline; 601-a first valve; 7-a discharge conduit; 701-a second valve;
8-an air distribution pipeline; 801-third valve; an 802-nitrogen line; 803-helium gas line; 804-a hydrogen line; 9-fire fighting gas pipeline.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, a blasting test system includes a safety protection device 2, a filling and discharging device 3, and a gas distribution device 5;
the safety protection device 2 comprises a protection shell 201, a liquid hydrogen cylinder 1 to be tested is placed in the protection shell 201, a jacket 102 is arranged on a shell 101 of the liquid hydrogen cylinder 1 to enable the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be tested to form a double-layer structure with a jacket cavity and an inner cavity, the shell 101 is in contact with liquid hydrogen and meets the requirement of the highest working pressure, the jacket cavity is vacuumized, the outer side of the jacket cavity is in contact with the atmospheric environment and only bears external pressure, the shell 101 is provided with a stress sensor, a strain sensor and a temperature sensor and used for monitoring the deformation of a metal wall surface of an inner container along with the impact of the liquid hydrogen, actual measurement data are provided for structural finite element analysis, the problem of obtaining complex structural test data of the double-layer container is solved, a filling interface enabling a filling pipeline 6 to be communicated with the inner cavity, a gas distribution interface enabling a gas distribution pipeline 8 to be communicated with the inner cavity, a second discharge interface which enables the discharge pipeline 7 to be communicated with the jacket cavity is arranged on the jacket 102 and is used as a discharge port of media in the liquid hydrogen cylinder 1 to be detected when the gas cylinder shell 101 is exploded;
the filling and discharging device 3 comprises a filling and discharging platform 301 and a liquid hydrogen source 304, the liquid hydrogen source 304 is connected with the filling and discharging platform 301, the filling and discharging platform 301 is communicated with the filling interface through a filling pipeline 6 to fill liquid hydrogen into the inner cavity, and the filling and discharging platform 301 is a pipeline system composed of a stainless steel pipeline with a heat insulation structure, a valve, a flowmeter, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and the like; and the gas distribution device 5 is communicated with the gas distribution interface through a gas distribution pipeline 8 and is used for introducing working gas into the inner cavity.
The filling and discharging device 3 further comprises a liquid nitrogen source 305, a discharging port 303 and a detection table 302, wherein the liquid nitrogen source 305 is communicated with the filling and discharging table 301, the discharging port 303 is installed on the filling and discharging table 301, liquid hydrogen is discharged from the filling pipeline 6 in emergency and when a test is ended, and is discharged out of the system through the discharging port 303, the detection table 302 is connected with the filling pipeline 6, and the detection table 302 is a device consisting of a stainless steel pipeline, a valve and a detection instrument and is used for sampling and detecting a medium in the filling pipeline 6 and blowing off the filling pipeline 6 and the liquid hydrogen bottle 1 to be detected, so that a criterion is provided for the condition that whether the test system has liquid nitrogen filling and liquid hydrogen filling.
A flame arrester 402, an air-seal gas access point, a temperature detector 404 and a pressure detector 405 are sequentially arranged on the discharge pipeline 7 along the direction of a discharge port far away from the discharge pipeline 7, the air-seal gas access point and an air-seal gas cylinder 403 are connected through pipelines, and the discharge device 4 is formed by the components;
the discharge port of the discharge pipeline is an H-shaped discharge port 401;
the liquid hydrogen cylinder 1 to be measured is fixed on the inner wall of the protective shell 201 through a saddle 103.
The gas distribution device 5 comprises a blasting test bench 501, a nitrogen source 502, a helium source 503 and a hydrogen source 504, wherein the nitrogen source 502, the helium source 503 and the hydrogen source 504 are respectively connected with the blasting test bench 501 through pipelines, the blasting test bench is a gas receiving, adjusting and distributing device composed of a stainless steel pipeline, a valve, a pressure reducer, a pressure sensor and the like, nitrogen, helium and hydrogen with specified flow and pressure required by a blasting test can be provided in a specified flow according to test requirements, a nitrogen pipeline 802, a helium pipeline 803 and a hydrogen pipeline 804 are respectively led out from the blasting test bench 501 and converged to form the gas distribution pipeline 8, and different working gases are introduced into a gas distribution interface through the blasting test bench 501 according to requirements.
The inside nitrogen gas fire control ring 202 that sets up of protective housing 201, nitrogen gas fire control ring 202 is ring formula tubular structure, a plurality of jet orifices towards the liquid hydrogen cylinder that awaits measuring of ring formula tubular structure equipartition, nitrogen gas fire control ring 202 pass through fire control gas pipeline 9 with blast test testboard 501 is connected, in order by with the nitrogen source 502 that blast test testboard 501 links to each other provides nitrogen gas, nitrogen gas fire control ring 202 takes high-pressure inert gas distributing type protection method, and based on the high-pressure gas orifice plate throttle sprays the flow principle, forms the high-speed gas protection that flows in the hydrogen diffusion or the danger area that catches fire that awaits measuring liquid hydrogen cylinder 1 probably appears, plays the effect of quick reduction hydrogen concentration and putting out the condition of a fire.
In addition, can add when experimental in safety device 2 and establish a set of explosion-proof blanket to protect peripheral safety, and carry out low temperature protection to experimental scene ground, cement ground adopts the benzene board to bond and lays, prevents that the low temperature medium from flowing to ground in a large number and causing cement ground to damage under the unexpected condition.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of,
the first valve 601 is positioned on the filling pipeline 6 and used for controlling liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen to be introduced into the inner cavity from the filling and discharging table 301;
a second valve 701 located on the exhaust conduit 7 near the exhaust interface for controlling the exhaust of the gas from the lumen from the exhaust conduit 7;
the third valve 801 is positioned on the gas distribution pipeline 8 and is used for controlling gas in the gas distribution device 5 to flow into the inner cavity;
a fourth valve 406, which is located on the connecting pipeline between the gas-sealed gas bottle 403 and the discharge pipeline 7, and is used for controlling the gas-sealed gas to blow off the discharge pipeline 7;
a fifth valve 505, which is located on the connecting pipe of the nitrogen source 502 and the blasting test testing platform 501, and is used for controlling the use of nitrogen in the nitrogen source 502;
a sixth valve 506, which is located on the connecting pipeline between the helium source 503 and the blasting test testing platform 501 and is used for controlling the use of helium in the helium source 503;
and a seventh valve 507, which is located on the connecting pipeline between the hydrogen source 504 and the explosion test testing platform 501, and is used for controlling the use of hydrogen in the hydrogen source 504.
The invention also discloses a method for carrying out the blasting test by the blasting test system, which comprises the following steps:
s1: receiving a test piece, ensuring that each part of the system operates normally, and then installing a hydrogen cylinder of liquid to be tested on a saddle inside the safety protection device in place;
s2: connecting pipelines, keeping all valves closed, and respectively connecting a filling pipeline, a discharge pipeline and a gas distribution pipeline with interfaces on a liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected;
s3: checking the air tightness, namely opening the first valve, the third valve and the fifth valve, introducing nitrogen through a nitrogen source, and checking the air tightness of each pipeline in the system;
s4: performing low-temperature freezing, closing the third valve and the fifth valve, opening a liquid nitrogen source and opening the second valve, filling liquid nitrogen into the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected, wherein the temperature of the filled liquid nitrogen is 77K, if the volume of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected is greater than 200L, the filling amount of the liquid nitrogen is not greater than 100L, if the volume of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected is not greater than 200L, the filling amount of the liquid nitrogen is not greater than 50% of the volume of the gas cylinder to be detected, performing preliminary examination on the low-temperature condition, then opening the third valve and the fifth valve, introducing nitrogen and pressurizing to 1.6MPa, and performing a low-temperature airtight test and system cold tightening;
s5: hydrogen replacement, namely opening a seventh valve when the temperature of the system is recovered to the room temperature, and introducing hydrogen through a hydrogen source to replace the gas in the system;
s6: filling liquid hydrogen, namely opening a liquid hydrogen source to fill liquid hydrogen into the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured, discharging partial liquid hydrogen after filling to a rated filling amount, wherein the temperature of the filled liquid hydrogen is 20K, if the volume of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured is more than 200L, the volume of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured after discharging the liquid hydrogen is not more than 100L, and if the volume of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured is not more than 200L, the volume of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured after discharging the liquid hydrogen is not more than 50% of the volume of the gas cylinder to be measured;
s7: pressurizing with helium, opening a sixth valve, pressurizing to 1MPa, 5MPa and 10MPa via helium source, keeping for 10min, and performing state monitoring and data acquisition via stress sensor, strain sensor and temperature sensor on the inner wall of the gas cylinder;
s8: continuously pressurizing until the liquid to be detected in the hydrogen cylinder reaches the explosion pressure, and acquiring data at a high speed;
s9: and (4) after-test treatment, wherein the pressure is released to 0.3MPa, the residual liquid is extruded into a filling pipeline and is discharged through a discharge port, then the pressure in the whole system is recovered to normal pressure and normal temperature, and the residual gas in the system is blown off.
During the tests of steps S5-S9, the nitrogen fire-fighting ring was kept on standby and nitrogen was injected in time with hydrogen leakage or explosion.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A kind of explosion test system, characterized by, including, the safety device, annotate and let out the apparatus, distribution device;
the safety protection device comprises a protection shell, a liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected is placed in the protection shell, a jacket is arranged on a shell of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected so that the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected forms a double-layer structure with a jacket cavity and an inner cavity, a stress sensor, a strain sensor and a temperature sensor are arranged on the shell, a filling interface enabling a filling pipeline to be communicated with the inner cavity, a gas distribution interface enabling a gas distribution pipeline to be communicated with the inner cavity and a first discharge interface enabling a discharge pipeline to be communicated with the inner cavity are arranged on the shell, and a second discharge interface enabling the discharge pipeline to be communicated with the jacket cavity is arranged on the jacket;
the filling and discharging device comprises a filling and discharging platform and a liquid hydrogen source, the liquid hydrogen source is connected with the filling and discharging platform, and the filling and discharging platform is communicated with the filling interface through a filling pipeline so as to fill liquid hydrogen into the inner cavity; the gas distribution device is communicated with the gas distribution interface through a gas distribution pipeline and is used for introducing working gas into the inner cavity.
2. The burst test system of claim 1, wherein the filling and discharging device further comprises a liquid nitrogen source, a discharge port and a detection table, the liquid nitrogen source is communicated with the filling and discharging table, the discharge port is mounted on the filling and discharging table, and the detection table is connected with the filling pipeline and used for sampling and detecting media in the filling pipeline and blowing off the filling pipeline and the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected.
3. The burst test system of claim 2, wherein a flame arrestor, a gas seal gas access point, a temperature detector and a pressure detector are sequentially arranged on the discharge pipeline along a direction away from the discharge port of the discharge pipeline, and the gas seal gas access point and the gas seal gas cylinder are connected through a pipeline;
the discharge port of the discharge pipeline is an H-shaped discharge port;
the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured is fixed on the inner wall of the protective shell through a saddle.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the gas distribution device comprises a blasting test testing platform, a nitrogen source, a helium source and a hydrogen source, the nitrogen source, the helium source and the hydrogen source are respectively connected with the blasting test testing platform through pipelines, and a nitrogen pipeline, a helium pipeline and a hydrogen pipeline are respectively led out from the blasting test testing platform and converged to form the gas distribution pipeline, so that different working gases can be introduced into the gas distribution interface by the blasting test testing platform according to requirements.
5. The burst test system of claim 4, wherein the protective shell is internally provided with a nitrogen fire-fighting ring, the nitrogen fire-fighting ring is of a ring-shaped tubular structure, a plurality of spray holes facing the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be tested are uniformly distributed in the ring-shaped tubular structure, and the nitrogen fire-fighting ring is connected with the burst test platform through a fire-fighting gas pipeline so as to be provided with nitrogen by a nitrogen source connected with the burst test platform.
6. The blast testing system of claim 5, further comprising,
the first valve is positioned on the filling pipeline and used for controlling liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen to be introduced into the inner cavity from the filling and discharging platform;
a second valve located on the exhaust conduit proximate the first exhaust interface for controlling the exhaust of gas from the interior chamber from the exhaust conduit;
the third valve is positioned on the gas distribution pipeline and used for controlling gas in the gas distribution device to enter the inner cavity;
the fourth valve is positioned on a connecting pipeline of the air seal gas cylinder and the discharge pipeline and used for controlling the air seal gas to blow off the discharge pipeline;
the fifth valve is positioned on a connecting pipeline of the nitrogen source and the blasting test bench and used for controlling the use of nitrogen in the nitrogen source;
the sixth valve is positioned on a connecting pipeline of the helium source and the blasting test bench and used for controlling the use of helium in the helium source;
and the seventh valve is positioned on a connecting pipeline of the hydrogen source and the blasting test bench and used for controlling the use of hydrogen in the hydrogen source.
7. A blasting test method, characterized in that the blasting test system of claim 6 is used, and comprises the following steps:
s1: receiving a test piece, ensuring that each part of the system operates normally, and then installing a hydrogen cylinder of liquid to be tested on a saddle inside the safety protection device in place;
s2: connecting pipelines, keeping all valves closed, and respectively connecting a filling pipeline, a discharge pipeline and a gas distribution pipeline with interfaces on a liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected;
s3: checking the air tightness, namely opening the first valve, the third valve and the fifth valve, introducing nitrogen through a nitrogen source, and checking the air tightness of each pipeline in the system;
s4: performing low-temperature freezing, closing the third valve and the fifth valve, opening a liquid nitrogen source and opening the second valve, filling liquid nitrogen into the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be tested, performing preliminary examination on the low-temperature condition, then opening the third valve and the fifth valve, introducing nitrogen for pressurization, performing a low-temperature airtight test and performing system cooling and tightening after pressure relief;
s5: hydrogen replacement, namely opening a seventh valve when the temperature of the system is recovered to the room temperature, and introducing hydrogen through a hydrogen source to replace the gas in the system;
s6: liquid hydrogen filling, namely opening a liquid hydrogen source to fill liquid hydrogen into the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected, and discharging part of the liquid hydrogen after filling to a rated filling amount;
s7: pressurizing with helium, opening a sixth valve to pressurize the inner cavity of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured through a helium source, and performing state monitoring and data acquisition through a stress sensor, a strain sensor and a temperature measuring sensor on the inner wall of the gas cylinder;
s8: continuously pressurizing until the liquid to be detected in the hydrogen cylinder reaches the explosion pressure, and acquiring data at a high speed;
s9: and (4) after-test treatment, releasing pressure to extrusion discharge pressure, extruding residual liquid into a filling pipeline and discharging through a discharge outlet, then recovering the pressure in the whole system to normal pressure and normal temperature, and blowing off residual gas in the system.
8. A burst test method as defined in claim 7,
in the step S4, the temperature of the injected liquid nitrogen is 68-77K, if the volume of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected is greater than 200L, the injection amount of the liquid nitrogen is not greater than 100L, if the volume of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be detected is not greater than 200L, the injection amount of the liquid nitrogen is not greater than 50% of the volume of the gas cylinder to be detected, and nitrogen is introduced to pressurize to 1.4-1.6 MPa;
in step S6, the temperature of the liquid hydrogen to be filled is 15 to 20K, if the volume of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured is greater than 200L, the volume of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured after the liquid hydrogen is discharged is not greater than 100L, and if the volume of the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured is not greater than 200L, the volume of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen cylinder to be measured after the liquid hydrogen is discharged is not greater than 50% of the volume of the gas cylinder to be measured;
in step S7, the pressure of the inner cavity of the hydrogen cylinder is increased to 1MPa, 5MPa, 10MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 10min, and during the period, the state monitoring and data acquisition are performed;
in step S9, the extrusion discharge pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa.
9. The burst test method of claim 7 or 8, wherein the nitrogen fire-fighting ring is kept in standby during the tests of steps S5-S9, and the nitrogen is injected in time when a hydrogen leak or a detonation occurs.
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| CN111928116A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-13 | 北京航天雷特机电工程有限公司 | Modularization hydrogenation station and nitrogen explosion suppression system thereof |
| CN112595806A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-02 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Liquid hydrogen bottle burning test device |
| CN112924269A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-06-08 | 国家管网集团西部管道有限责任公司 | Method and test device for simulating third-party damage to large-caliber high-pressure pipeline |
| CN116221615B (en) * | 2023-03-06 | 2024-05-17 | 北京航天试验技术研究所 | Process control system and control method for safe hydrogenation operation |
| CN117113788B (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2023-12-29 | 南京南工应急科技有限公司 | Method for predicting structural failure of steel normal-pressure storage tank under coupling of fire and explosion |
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