CN110779024A

CN110779024A - Method for modifying a grate of an incinerator, tray support and incinerator

Info

Publication number: CN110779024A
Application number: CN201910681705.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: P·奥伯特
Original assignee: European Incineration Technology Service One Person Simple Co Ltd
Current assignee: European Incineration Technology Service One Person Simple Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-07-27
Filing date: 2019-07-26
Publication date: 2020-02-11
Also published as: FR3084444A1; FR3084444B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for retrofitting an incinerator grate to replace at least a part of an existing grate with another grate, the grate having: at least one support beam (10a) on which at least one bracket (11a, 11b) for the movable grate bar to be replaced is fixed; at least one supporting wall plate (20a, 20b, 20c), on the top of which is arranged a bracket (21a, 21b, 21c) for the fixed grate bars to be replaced. According to the invention, the method is characterized by the following steps: the bracket of the movable grate bar for replacement is fixed on the supporting beam and the bracket of the fixed grate bar for replacement is fixed on the supporting wall plate, and the relative height between the fixed position on the supporting beam of the bracket of the movable grate bar for replacement and the fixed position on the supporting wall plate of the bracket of the fixed grate bar for replacement is adjusted so that the upper surface of the movable grate bar for replacement is parallel to the upper surface of the fixed grate bar for replacement over the whole moving stroke of the movable grate bar for replacement.

Description

Method for modifying a grate of an incinerator, tray support and incinerator

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a method for retrofitting an incinerator grate. The invention also relates to a bracket fixing device allowing such a modification and to an incinerator.

Background

The combustion on the grate constitutes the most reliable heat treatment technology for the domestic waste. According to several decades of experience, their exploitation has hitherto achieved performance in terms of efficiency and safety reliability.

Waste incineration stations generally have three main areas, namely:

-a receiving area where the waste to be incinerated is collected and mixed;

-a continuous furnace provided with a grate, on combustion the waste being transported from the receiving area to the grate up to the furnace outlet, where the waste remains only ash; and

a boiler for recovering the combustion energy and converting it into usable energy, generally electric or thermal energy.

Depending on the capacity of the furnace, the furnace is provided with one or more grates arranged side by side. The combustion grate may be horizontal or inclined downwards in the feeding direction of the refuse. The grate is provided with stirring elements for stirring the waste during combustion and with supply elements for supplying air for the combustion. The combustion grate serves the following functions:

-transporting the waste to be incinerated in a furnace,

-heating and loosening the material to be incinerated,

-distributing incineration air in the furnace according to the combustion needs,

-locating the primary incineration zone in the incineration chamber, possibly in combination with measures to control the furnace performance.

Many modern municipal waste treatment plants use reciprocating grates, which ensure good combustion quality.

Each reciprocating grate is composed of a series of alternately arranged fixed grate bar rows and movable grate bar rows. The bars of the same row are fixed to the common carriage by their downstream ends, considered in the direction of forward travel of the waste in the furnace, and rest on the bars of the preceding row by their upstream ends, hereinafter called heads. The bars of the movable row are moved in a reciprocating motion by sliding (i) on the one hand the lower surface of their heads on the upper surface of the downstream portion of the front fixed bar and (ii) on the other hand the upper surface of their downstream portion on the lower surface of the heads of the fixed bars of the next row. The waste is thus conveyed in the furnace from upstream to downstream on the one hand, and on the other hand is stirred and mixed. Depending on the case, all the rows move with the same movement, or define two or more successive zones distinguished by their movement.

There are basically two types of bars:

1. an integrated grate bar which moves only the substances to be incinerated towards the outlet, and

a "receding" grate bar, equipped with a slider, the upstream end of which can protrude from the upstream surface of the head, pushing the waste towards the inlet. The slides of the fixed row protrude from the head when the movable grate is at the end of the upstream stroke, and the slides of the movable row protrude from the head when the movable grate is at the end of the downstream stroke.

An example of a counter-reciprocating grate is the SITY 2000 grate proposed by MARTIN GmbH f ü rUmwell-und Energitechnik, Munich, Germany, which is inclined at 24 DEG with respect to the horizontal, with alternating rows of fixed and movable grate bars.

Another reciprocating grate is a reverse grate equipped with EVOLUTION grate bars from European incineration technical service company (ESTI) of Neuves-Maisons (54230) of France. Such an evoution grate bar is of the type proposed in patent EP2614306B 1. The bars are of the receding type, the supply of air being carried out either in the upstream direction at the head or on the upstream portion of one of the lateral edges of the bars. These bars allow a better homogenization of the mass and, as a result of the better ventilation, a good combustion. The life span is significantly longer than that of the SITY 2000 type grate bars. In addition, such grates are self-cleaning.

Thus, in some cases it is advantageous to replace the size grate with a retreat grate bar grate, or at least to replace a part of the size grate bar with a retreat grate bar. Due to the cost of such a grate, it is too extreme to replace the entire grate and its moving grate bar mover. Simple replacement of the property-type grate bars with other grate bars, in particular with the EVOLUTION-type grate bars, is no longer always possible, on the one hand because of the way they are fixed to the brackets, and on the other hand because of the differences in their thickness and/or the differences in their supports and brackets.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention therefore aims to enable at least partial replacement of the original grate bars of the grate by replacement grate bars, in particular to enable replacement of the property grate bars by other grate bars, in particular by retreat grate bars such as the EVOLUTION grate bars, in order to take advantage of the advantages of retreat grate bars.

According to the invention this object is achieved by a method for retrofitting an incinerator grate to replace at least a part of an original grate with another grate, the grate having:

at least one support beam on which at least one bracket for the movable grate bar to be replaced is fixed,

at least one supporting wall plate, on the top of which is arranged a bracket for fixing the grate bars to be replaced,

the method comprises the following steps:

the carriage of the movable grate bar for replacement is fixed to the supporting beam and the carriage of the fixed grate bar for replacement is fixed to the supporting wall, the relative height between the fixing on the supporting beam of the carriage of the movable grate bar for replacement and the fixing on the supporting wall of the carriage of the fixed grate bar for replacement being adjusted so that the upper surface of the movable grate bar for replacement is parallel to the upper surface of the fixed grate bar for replacement over the entire travel of the movable grate bar for replacement.

It is thus possible to replace one or more rows of bars without the geometry of the replacement bars themselves, in particular their thickness or the way in which they are fixed to the brackets, affecting the orientation of the surface of the bars rows. For example, the sit-type grate bar fixture allows the relative height of the surface of the beam to which the movable grate bar carriage is fixed relative to the top of the wall plate to which the grate bar-fixed carriage is fixed to be higher than the corresponding relative height for the evouttion-type grate bar. If only a part of the EVOLUTION carriage is used to replace a part of the property carriage, the EVOLUTION movable grate bars will not be parallel to the EVOLUTION fixed grate bars and the inclination of movement of the movable carriage required by the beam will not correspond to the inclination of the grate bars. Instead, by adjusting the relative heights at which the brackets are fixed to the beam and to the wall respectively, the inclination of the upper surface of the replacement grate bar can be adjusted to suit the inclination of movement of the mobile bracket, as required for beams originally designed for other types of grate bars.

In a first embodiment, the adjustment of the relative height is carried out by cutting the supporting wall, the grate bars of which are to be replaced, to a predetermined height (h).

In a second embodiment, which can be combined with the first one, the adjustment of the relative height is carried out by arranging a heightening means under the carriage of the replacement fixed grate bar and/or under the carriage of the replacement movable grate bar.

As an example, the method may comprise the steps of:

for each row of movable bars to be replaced, if the brackets of the movable bars to be replaced are not compatible, then the brackets of the movable bars to be replaced are detached from the supporting beams and fixed in position by means of movable bracket fixing means;

for each row of fixed bars to be replaced, removing the brackets of the fixed bars to be replaced from the supporting wall;

cutting the supporting wall plate of the fixed grate bar to be replaced at a predetermined height; and

arranging a bracket for fixing the grate bars for replacement on top of each cut supporting wall plate by means of a fixing bracket fixing device,

the predetermined height is chosen so that the upper surface of the movable bars for replacement is parallel to the upper surface of the fixed bars for replacement over the entire travel of the movable bars for replacement.

Thus, by modifying the grate, it is possible to arrange bars of a lesser thickness than the original bars, in particular the EVOLUTION type bars, on top of it to replace a portion of the SITY type bars, thus enabling: the waste is better homogenized, the combustion is better due to better ventilation, and the service life is much longer than that of the grate of the SITY type incinerator. The beam, which is not possible in practice, is used as a reference to determine the height at which the panel should be cut. An alternative is to use the top of the wall plate as a datum and add a heightening means such as a wedge under the bracket secured to the beam. The method allows retrofitting existing grates at minimal cost by adapting to the required inclination of movement of the original beam.

The predetermined height may be chosen such that the carriage of the movable bars for replacement and the carriage of the fixed bars for replacement are in the same plane when the movable bars for replacement are in half stroke.

In order to limit costs, it is preferred to replace only a part of the grate bars, preferably the grate bars in the upstream part of the grate. For example, from a space grate, it is preferred to replace only the space grate bars in the upstream row with receding grate bars, especially the EVOLUTION grate bars, while leaving the space grate bars in the downstream part of the grate, where they are damaged more slowly. The space type grates generally have a longer upper walking beam and a shorter downstream beam that do not move in synchronism. In these conditions, it is preferable to replace all the grate bars of the upper walking beam, leaving the original size grate bars on the lower walking beam and the corresponding wall. Thus, slider collisions of the evouttion grate bars at the joint between the two beams are avoided.

All the bars can also be replaced. In this case, the movement of the different active rows is preferably programmed so that when the active bars of the front row considered in the direction of feed of the substances to be incinerated are at the end of the downstream run, none of the active bars of the row is at the end of the upstream run. This avoids the sliding block holding the bars getting stuck between the stop of the front grate bar in the downstream position and the stop of the immediate grate bar in the upstream position, when the replacement bars are of the retreating type.

In order to further improve the effect, it is conceivable to replace the original grate bars in the first zone, for example, the uppermost stream zone, with the first type replacement grate bars, and then replace the original grate bars in the second zone, for example, the central zone, with the second type replacement grate bars, and to leave the original grate bars in the second zone. For this purpose, provision is made for the supporting wall panels of the first section to be cut at a first predetermined height suitable for a first type of replacement grate bar and for the supporting wall panels of the second section to be cut at a second predetermined height suitable for a second type of replacement grate bar, the first predetermined height and the second predetermined height being able to be identical.

The present invention also relates to a fixing bracket fixing device, which may be in the form of a fixing bracket fixing element having a first fixing member for fixing the fixing bracket fixing element to the top of a support wall plate cut at a predetermined height and a second fixing member for fixing a replacement fixing bracket thereto.

The invention also has a mobile carrier fixing device, which may be in the form of a mobile carrier fixing element, having a first fixing element for fixing the mobile carrier fixing element to the support beam and a second fixing element for fixing the replacement mobile carrier thereto.

Finally, the invention also relates to a furnace equipped with a combustion grate modified according to the method of the invention, wherein at least a portion of the original wall is cut at a predetermined height, and the brackets of the replaced bars are replaced if they are not compatible with the replacement bars.

Drawings

The embodiments are explained below with the aid of the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a side view of a portion of a SITY-type grate, with grate bars not shown;

FIG. 2 is a side view of a portion of a grate of the SIGY type without grate bars, the upstream portion of the grate having been modified to receive grate bars of the EVOLUTION type;

FIG. 3a is a front view of a SITY fixing bracket on top of a wall panel;

FIG. 3b is a front view of the SIGY mobile carriage on the beam;

FIG. 4a is a front view of the EVOLUTION mounting bracket at the top of the wall plate of FIG. 3a after cutting;

FIG. 4b is a front view of the EVOLUTION mobile carriage on the spar of FIG. 3 b;

FIG. 5a is a perspective view of the mounting bracket mounted on top of the wall plate;

FIG. 5b is a perspective view of the mounting of the mobile carrier on the beam;

FIG. 6 is a side view of the retrofitted grate of FIG. 2 with EVOLUTION type grate bars upstream and SITY type grate bars downstream;

fig. 7 is a view showing the carriage of the movable grate bars in (a) a downstream position, (b) a half-stroke position, and (c) an upstream position.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a grate for a space incinerator with two

support beams

10a, 10b, to which

brackets

11a, 11b, 11c are fastened, which brackets are used to fasten space movable grate bars (not shown). Generally, a SITY-type grate has a long upstream beam 10a and a shorter downstream beam 10 b. Different cylinders drive these beams to move the movable grate bars in a reciprocating motion. By means of the presence of two cylinders, the grate bars of the upstream beam 10a can be made to move at other speeds than the grate bars of the lower walking beam 10 b.

Between the two

mobile carriers

11a, 11b, 11c, a

support wall

20a, 20b, 20c, 20d for fixing the grate bars is arranged. Mounted on each wall is a

bracket

21a, 21b, 21c, 21d for fixing a property fixing grate bar (not shown). Openings 22 open in the wall panels for allowing the

beams

10a, 10b to pass through.

To retrofit such a size incinerator grate, the

brackets

11a, 11b for the size movable grate bars are removed from the upstream beam 10a and replaced with

brackets

13a, 13b for the evouttion grate bars and the fixtures 14 are interposed. Thus, the situation changes from the situation shown in fig. 3b to the situation shown in fig. 4 b.

Likewise, the

brackets

21a, 21b, 21c of the fixed bars to be replaced are removed from the

upstream walls

20a, 20b, 20 c. The panels are then cut to a predetermined height h, as best shown in fig. 4 a. The EVOLUTION fixed grate bar bracket is then secured to the top of the

cut wall panels

20a, 20b, 20c by securing means 24. Thus, the situation changes from the situation shown in fig. 3a to the situation shown in fig. 4 a.

The evouttion grate can then be arranged on the replacement carriage. As shown in fig. 6, the grate thus modified has EVOLUTION replacement bars 16, 26 upstream and

original bars

15, 25 downstream. It is observed that the upper surfaces of the original property grate bars 15, 25 and also the EVOLUTION replacement grate bars 16, 26 are parallel to each other. This is made possible by adjusting the relative height of the EVOLUTION fixed

carriages

23a, 23b, 23c with respect to the

mobile carriages

13a, 13 b. For example, as seen in fig. 6, for the EVOLUTION grate, the difference in relative height between the top of the wall 20c to which the fixed bracket 23c is fixed and the upper surface of the beam to which the movable bracket 13b is fixed is significantly less than the difference in relative height between the fixed bracket 21d and the movable bracket 11c of the space grate.

Fig. 5a shows in an exploded view a wall plate 20 cut at a predetermined height h, two upper walking beams 10a, one of two connecting rods 10c leading to a downstream beam 10b, and a window 22 for allowing the beams 10a and the connecting rods 10c to pass through. The fixing bracket 23 is fixed to the top of the wall plate by means of a fixing bracket fixing device. Such a fixing bracket fixing means is in the form of a fixing element 24 having: first fixing means for fixing the device to the top of a support wall plate 20 of a space grate, cut at a predetermined height h; and a fixing member for fixing the replacement fixing bracket 23 thereto, for example, an EVOLUTION type replacement fixing bracket 23. The fixing elements 24 serve not only to fix the bracket 23 to the supporting wall panel 20, but also to reinforce the latter. The fixing elements are constituted by plates for fixing on the panel and plates for fixing the bracket, these plates being connected to each other by a series of wedges, so as to give the bracket a good inclination. The lower surface is provided with a plurality of T-shaped irons which are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the fixing element. The lateral branches of the tee are used to secure the fixing element 24 to the panel and the central branch is used to reinforce the tee and the panel. These T-bars allow for simple bolting to the appropriate height prior to weld attachment. A plurality of fixing holes are opened in the fixing member 24 to fix the bracket 23 thereon.

Fig. 5b likewise shows the two upper walking beams 10a in an exploded view, on which the brackets 13 are fastened with fastening elements 14. The fixing element has a first fixing member for fixing the fixing element to the beam 10a and a second fixing member for fixing the movable bracket 13 thereto. The movable fixing element 14 is used to create a connection between the two beams. It avoids beam separation and deformation, allowing retention with an angle to ensure relative clearance. It consists of a plate for fixing to the beam and a plate for fixing to the bracket, these plates being connected to each other by a series of wedges, allowing a good inclination of the bracket. Some deflectors are arranged at the front to avoid accumulation of fine particulate matter. The plate for fastening to the beam is provided with two plates for fastening to the beam.

By means of these fixing elements 14, 24, the carrier can be easily replaced if necessary. The predetermined height h takes into account the thickness of the fixing elements 14, 24.

Fig. 7 shows three specific positions of the mobile carriage: (a) the movable carriages are each located at a downstream limit, (b) the movable carriage is located at a half-stroke position, and (c) the movable carriage is located at an upstream limit. In the middle panel it is seen that in the half-stroke position the mobile carriage connected to the beam and the fixed carriage connected to the panel cut at a predetermined height h are in the same plane, indicated by a straight line passing through the top of all the carriages.

Claims

1. A method for retrofitting an incinerator grate to replace at least a portion of an original grate with another grate bar, said grate comprising:

-at least one supporting beam (10a) on which at least one bracket (11a, 11b) for the movable grate bar to be replaced is fixed,

-at least one supporting wall plate (20a, 20b, 20c), on the top of which are arranged brackets (21a, 21b, 21c) for the fixed bars to be replaced,

the method is characterized by the steps of:

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that for adjusting the relative height, the supporting wall plate, the fixed grate of which is to be replaced, is cut to a predetermined height (h).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for adjusting the relative height, heightening means are arranged below the carriage of the replacement fixed grate bar and/or below the carriage of the replacement movable grate bar.

4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the steps of:

for each row of movable bars to be replaced, if the brackets (11a, 11b) of the movable bars to be replaced are not compatible with the brackets (11a, 11b) of the movable bars to be replaced, detaching the brackets (11a, 11b) of the movable bars to be replaced from the supporting beams (10a) and fixing the brackets (13a, 13b) of the movable bars to be replaced in position by means of movable bracket fixing means;

for each row of fixed bars to be replaced, removing the brackets (21a, 21b, 21c) of the fixed bars to be replaced from the supporting walls (20a, 20b, 20 c);

cutting the supporting wall (20a, 20b, 20c) of the fixed grate to be replaced at a predetermined height (h); and

arranging a bracket (23a, 23b, 23c) for fixing the grate bars for replacement on top of each cut supporting wall plate (20a, 20b, 20c) by means of a fixing bracket fixing device,

the predetermined height (h) is chosen so that the upper surface of the movable bars for replacement is parallel to the upper surface of the fixed bars for replacement over the entire travel of the movable bars for replacement.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the predetermined height is chosen so that the carriage of the replacement movable grate bar and the carriage of the replacement fixed grate bar are in the same plane when the replacement movable grate bar is in half stroke.

6. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that only a part of the grate bars is replaced, preferably the grate bars of the upstream part of the grate considered in the direction of movement of the material to be incinerated.

7. Method according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that all the bars are replaced, the movement of the different rows of active bars being preferably programmed so that when the front row of active bars considered in the direction of feed forward of the material to be incinerated is at the end of the downstream run, none of the rows of active bars is at the end of the upstream run.

8. Method according to any of the preceding claims 1-6, characterized in that the original grate bars of a first section of the grate, e.g. the most upstream section of the grate, considered in the direction of movement of the material to be incinerated, are replaced by grate bars of a first type, the original grate bars of a second section, e.g. the central section, are replaced by grate bars of a second type, the original grate bars of the rest of the grate remaining unchanged.

9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the supporting wall panels of the first section are cut at a first predetermined height suitable for a first type of replacement grate bar and the supporting wall panels of the second section are cut at a second predetermined height suitable for a second type of replacement grate bar, the first and second predetermined heights being able to be identical.

10. A mounting bracket fixing device, characterised in that the mounting bracket fixing device is in the form of a mounting bracket fixing element (24) having a first fixing member for fixing the mounting bracket fixing element to the top of a support wall panel (20) cut at a predetermined height (h) and a second fixing member for fixing a replacement mounting bracket (23) thereto.

11. A mobile carrier fixing device, characterised in that it is in the form of a mobile carrier fixing element (14) having a first fixing for fixing the mobile carrier fixing element to a support beam (10a) and a second fixing for fixing a replacement mobile carrier (13) thereto.

12. Incinerator characterized in that it is equipped with a modified grate according to any of claims 1 to 9.