CN110778271B - Cutter suction device based on ultrasonic-assisted rock breaking and rock breaking method - Google Patents

Cutter suction device based on ultrasonic-assisted rock breaking and rock breaking method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110778271B
CN110778271B CN201911037766.6A CN201911037766A CN110778271B CN 110778271 B CN110778271 B CN 110778271B CN 201911037766 A CN201911037766 A CN 201911037766A CN 110778271 B CN110778271 B CN 110778271B
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ultrasonic
rock
reamer
cutter suction
bridge
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CN110778271A (en
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刘增辉
马正阔
魏长赟
倪福生
蒋爽
顾磊
李洪彬
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Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/24Drilling using vibrating or oscillating means, e.g. out-of-balance masses
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/20Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by ultrasonics

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a cutter suction device and a rock breaking method based on ultrasonic-assisted rock breaking. The cutter-suction dredger cutter-suction device comprises a bridge, a tail shaft, an underwater pump, a suction pipe, a bridge pulley, a transverse pulley, an underwater motor, a reamer and a reamer shaft. The connecting device comprises an upper cover, a plunger cylinder and a bracket. The ultrasonic auxiliary device comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic switch and an ultrasonic device. The invention enables the ultrasonic cutter head and the rock to resonate through the ultrasonic auxiliary device, so that the rock forms gaps and cracks, the integrity of the rock is damaged, the strength of the rock is reduced, and the excavating resistance of the reamer is correspondingly reduced.

Description

Cutter suction device based on ultrasonic-assisted rock breaking and rock breaking method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cutter suction device and a rock breaking method based on ultrasonic-assisted rock breaking, and belongs to the technical field of dredging equipment.
Background
With the rapid development of the shipping industry in China, the capital construction projects such as ports and channels are developed vigorously, so that the demand for dredging ships in China is increasing day by day. The cutter suction dredger is one of the most commonly used dredging ships in dredging engineering, has the characteristics of continuous operation, high production efficiency, low construction cost and the like, but is limited under the rock working condition. Due to the fact that the rock strength is high, the excavating resistance is increased, and the cutter suction device of the cutter suction dredger in the prior art has the problems that the rock breaking capacity is insufficient, the cutter suction device is easy to damage and high in energy consumption, the effect of cutting uneven rocks is poor, the cutting efficiency of the existing using method is not high and the like when the cutter suction dredger deals with hard rocks, and therefore construction cost is increased, and the construction period is prolonged. Therefore, there is a strong demand for improvements in cutter suction devices for cutter suction dredger to increase the ability to dredge rock. The cutter suction device is used as a main component of the cutter suction dredger, and the performance of the cutter suction device is directly related to the working efficiency and energy consumption of the cutter suction dredger. The invention provides a cutter suction device based on ultrasonic-assisted rock breaking and a using method thereof.A reamer of a cutter suction dredger is assisted to cut broken rocks by an ultrasonic device, during the excavation operation, first pre-cracking damage is carried out, the reamer does not work, the ultrasonic device firstly damages the current rock, namely an ultrasonic tool bit contacts the rock and resonates with the rock, so that gaps and cracks are formed on the rock, the integrity of the rock is damaged, the strength of the rock is reduced, and then the reamer and the ultrasonic device work simultaneously from formal cutting, so that the excavation efficiency is improved, the dredging energy consumption is reduced, and the aim of optimizing the cutter suction device of the cutter suction dredger is finally fulfilled. In addition, when meeting uneven rock, through ultrasonic device's flexible, make ultrasonic wave tool bit and rock contact all the time to this efficiency that improves the cutting uneven rock.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that a cutter suction device of a cutter suction dredger in the prior art is insufficient in rock breaking capacity, easy to damage, high in energy consumption, poor in uneven rock cutting effect, low in cutting efficiency of an existing using method and the like when dealing with hard rocks, and provides the cutter suction device and the rock breaking method based on ultrasonic-assisted rock breaking.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a cutter suction device based on ultrasonic-assisted rock breaking and a using method thereof comprise a cutter suction dredger cutter suction device, a connecting device and a plurality of ultrasonic auxiliary devices. A plurality of ultrasonic devices of the ultrasonic auxiliary device are welded on the bracket of the connecting device.
Furthermore, the cutter suction device of the cutter suction dredger comprises a bridge, a tail shaft, an underwater pump, a suction pipe, a bridge pulley, a transverse pulley, an underwater motor, a reamer and a reamer shaft, wherein the tail shaft, the underwater pump, the suction pipe, the bridge pulley and the transverse pulley are fixed on the bridge, and the underwater motor, the reamer and the reamer shaft are fixed on the bridge through bolts. The cutter suction device is connected with the cutter suction dredger through a tail shaft, a suction pipe provides power through an underwater pump to suck and transport cutting products of the reamer, a bridge pulley is used for achieving lifting of the cutter suction device, a transverse pulley is used for achieving transverse feed of the cutter suction device, and an underwater motor is connected with the reamer through a reamer shaft to provide power for rotation of the reamer.
Furthermore, the connecting device comprises an upper cover fixed on the bridge frame of the twisting and sucking device through bolts and nuts, a plunger cylinder hinged with the upper cover, a support hinged with the bridge frame and the plunger rod respectively, and the support and the ultrasonic auxiliary device rotate relative to the bridge frame by controlling hydraulic pressure through an operating system.
The ultrasonic auxiliary device comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic switch and a plurality of ultrasonic devices welded on the bracket, wherein the ultrasonic generator is connected with the ultrasonic switch, the ultrasonic switch is connected with each ultrasonic device, and each ultrasonic device comprises a signal cable, a metal shell, a retainer ring, a wiring board, a conductive column, a piezoelectric sheet, an amplitude transformer, a wireless sensor and an ultrasonic tool bit; the ultrasonic switch is connected to the upper end of the signal cable penetrating through the metal shell, the check ring, the wiring board, the conductive column and the piezoelectric sheet are all arranged in the metal shell, the signal cable is connected to the wiring board, the check ring is arranged above the wiring board, the conductive column is arranged on the wiring board, the conductive column extends downwards to the piezoelectric sheet below the conductive column, the amplitude transformer is connected to the lower portion of the piezoelectric sheet, the ultrasonic tool bit is arranged at the lower end of the amplitude transformer, and the wireless sensor is arranged on the rod wall of the amplitude transformer.
The ultrasonic device further comprises a sound absorption material arranged above the piezoelectric sheet.
The wireless sensor in the ultrasonic device scans the rock frequency in real time and feeds the rock frequency back to the operating system, and the operating system adjusts the ultrasonic frequency sent by the ultrasonic generator in real time according to the feedback result to keep the ultrasonic frequency consistent with the current rock frequency, so that the ultrasonic tool bit in the ultrasonic device and the rock resonate to form gaps and cracks on the rock, the integrity of the rock is damaged, the strength of the rock is reduced, the excavating resistance of the reamer is correspondingly reduced, the excavating efficiency is improved, the dredging energy consumption is reduced, and the aim of optimizing the cutter suction device of the cutter suction dredger is finally achieved.
When meeting non-flat rock, when wireless sensor receives the impact load of non-flat rock promptly, wireless sensor feeds back this signal to operating system, and operating system realizes ultrasonic device's flexible through control hydraulic pressure power to make the ultrasonic wave tool bit contact with the rock all the time, improve the efficiency of cutting non-flat rock with this.
The cutter suction device based on the ultrasonic wave assisted rock breaking comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the reamer is lowered to the cutter suction dredger, hydraulic pressure is controlled through the operating system, the ultrasonic auxiliary device is adjusted, the ultrasonic cutter head is effectively attached to the surface of the rock, and the reamer and the rock keep a certain height distance.
Step two: starting an ultrasonic device, performing ultrasonic excitation on the surface of the rock, and swinging the ultrasonic auxiliary device along with the bridge frame to finish the primary pre-splitting damage of the rock; in the whole step, the reamer and the ultrasonic auxiliary device synchronously swing along with the bridge, but the reamer does not work.
Step three: after the primary pre-splitting damage is finished, the whole cutter suction device is stepped forward to a proper distance.
Step four: and simultaneously starting the reamer and the ultrasonic device to enable the reamer to just cut the rock which is subjected to the pre-splitting damage in the first step, and simultaneously carrying out new rock pre-splitting damage by the ultrasonic device to prepare for next-step reamer cutting.
Step five: repeating the third step and the fourth step until a certain dredging area is about to finish construction, firstly closing the ultrasonic device, controlling hydraulic pressure through an operating system to lift the ultrasonic device to a certain height, and not attaching to the rock any more; the reamer swings for cutting once again, and is closed immediately after the final cutting is finished; the ultrasonic auxiliary device and the reamer are lifted together with the bridge in preparation for the construction of the next dredging area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention enables the ultrasonic cutter head and the rock to resonate through the ultrasonic auxiliary device, so that the rock forms gaps and cracks, the integrity of the rock is damaged, the strength of the rock is reduced, and the excavating resistance of the reamer is correspondingly reduced. In addition, when meeting uneven rock, through ultrasonic device's flexible, make ultrasonic wave tool bit and rock contact all the time to this efficiency that improves the cutting uneven rock.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an ultrasound device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an ultrasonic generating apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention;
in the figure: 1: reamer, 2: reamer shaft, 3: bolt, 4: nut, 5: transverse moving pulley, 6: bridge pulley, 7: bridge frame, 8: straw, 9: underwater pump, 10: tail shaft, 11: underwater motor, 12: upper cover, 13: plunger cylinder, 14: plunger rod, 15: a bracket, 16: ultrasonic device, 17: ultrasonic switch, 18: ultrasonic generator, 16-1: signal cable, 16-2: metal housing, 16-3: retainer ring, 16-4: terminal board, 16-5: conductive post, 16-6: sound absorbing material, 16-7: piezoelectric sheet, 16-8: horn, 16-9: wireless sensor, 16-10: an ultrasonic wave cutter head.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1, the cutter suction device based on ultrasonic-assisted rock breaking comprises a cutter suction dredger cutter suction device, a connecting device and an ultrasonic auxiliary device, wherein a plurality of ultrasonic devices 16 of the ultrasonic auxiliary device are welded on a support 15 of the connecting device.
Further, the cutter-suction dredger cutter-suction device comprises a bridge 7, a tail shaft 10, an underwater pump 9, a suction pipe 8, a bridge pulley 6, a transverse pulley 5, an underwater motor 11, a reamer 1 and a reamer shaft 2, wherein the tail shaft 10, the underwater pump 9, the suction pipe 8, the bridge pulley 6 and the transverse pulley 5 are fixed on the bridge 7, and the underwater motor 11, the reamer 1 and the reamer shaft are fixed on the bridge 7 through bolts. The cutter suction device is connected with the cutter suction dredger through a tail shaft 10, a suction pipe 8 provides power through an underwater pump 9 to suck and transport cutting products of the reamer 1, a bridge pulley 6 is used for achieving lifting of the cutter suction device, a transverse moving pulley 5 is used for achieving transverse feeding of the cutter suction device, and an underwater motor 11 is connected with the reamer 1 through a reamer shaft 2 and provides power for rotation of the reamer 1.
Further, the connecting device comprises an upper cover 12 fixed on the bridge frame 7 of the twisting and sucking device through a bolt 3 and a nut 4, a plunger cylinder 13 hinged with the upper cover 12, a support 15 respectively hinged with the bridge frame 7 and a plunger rod 14, and the support 15 and the ultrasonic auxiliary device rotate relative to the bridge frame 7 by controlling hydraulic pressure through an operating system.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the ultrasonic auxiliary device comprises an ultrasonic generator 18, an ultrasonic switch 17 and a plurality of ultrasonic devices 16 welded on the support 15, wherein the ultrasonic generator 18 is connected with the ultrasonic switch 17, the ultrasonic switch 17 is connected with each ultrasonic device 16, and each ultrasonic device 16 comprises a signal cable 16-1, a metal shell 16-2, a retainer ring 16-3, a terminal block 16-4, a conductive column 16-5, a piezoelectric sheet 16-7, a horn 16-8, a wireless sensor 16-9 and an ultrasonic cutter head 16-10. The ultrasonic switch 17 is connected to the signal cable 16-1 through the upper end of the metal shell 16-2, the retainer ring 16-3, the wiring board 16-4, the conductive post 16-5 and the piezoelectric sheet 16-7 are all arranged in the metal shell 16-2, the signal cable 16-1 is connected to the wiring board 16-4, the retainer ring 16-3 is arranged above the wiring board 16-4, the conductive post 16-5 is arranged on the wiring board 16-4, the conductive post 16-5 extends downwards to the piezoelectric sheet 16-7 below, the amplitude transformer 16-8 is connected below the piezoelectric sheet 16-7, the ultrasonic tool bit 16-10 is arranged at the lower end of the amplitude transformer 16-8, and the wireless sensor 16-9 is arranged on the rod wall of the amplitude transformer 16-8.
Preferably, the ultrasonic device further comprises a sound absorbing material 16-6 disposed above the piezoelectric sheet 16-7.
The wireless sensor 16-9 in the ultrasonic device 16 scans the rock frequency in real time and feeds back the rock frequency to the operating system, and the operating system adjusts the ultrasonic frequency emitted by the ultrasonic generator 18 in real time according to the feedback result so as to keep the rock frequency consistent with the current rock frequency. Therefore, the ultrasonic cutter head 16-10 in the ultrasonic device 16 can resonate with the rock, so that the rock can form gaps and cracks, the integrity of the rock is damaged, the strength of the rock is reduced, the excavating resistance of the reamer is correspondingly reduced, the excavating efficiency is improved, the dredging energy consumption is reduced, and the purpose of optimizing the cutter suction device of the cutter suction dredger is finally achieved.
When the non-flat rock is met, namely the wireless sensor 16-9 is subjected to impact load of the non-flat rock, the wireless sensor 16-9 feeds back the signal to the operating system, and the operating system controls hydraulic pressure to realize the expansion and contraction of the ultrasonic device 16, so that the ultrasonic cutter head 16-10 is always in contact with the rock, and the efficiency of cutting the non-flat rock is improved.
As shown in fig. 4, a method for breaking rock based on ultrasonic wave assistance, which utilizes the cutter suction device based on ultrasonic wave assistance, includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and in the process of lowering the reamer 1 from the cutter suction dredger, the hydraulic pressure is controlled through the operating system and the ultrasonic auxiliary device is adjusted, so that the ultrasonic cutter head 16-10 is effectively attached to the surface of the rock, and meanwhile, the reamer 1 keeps a certain height distance from the rock.
Step two: starting an ultrasonic device 16, carrying out ultrasonic excitation on the surface of the rock, and swinging the ultrasonic auxiliary device along with the bridge 7 to finish the primary pre-splitting damage of the rock; in the whole step, the reamer 1 and the ultrasonic auxiliary device synchronously swing along with the bridge 7, but the reamer does not work.
Step three: after the primary pre-splitting damage is finished, the whole cutter suction device is stepped forward to a proper distance.
Step four: and simultaneously starting the reamer 1 and the ultrasonic device 16, so that the reamer 1 just cuts the rock which is subjected to the pre-splitting damage in the first step, and the ultrasonic device 16 simultaneously performs new rock pre-splitting damage to prepare for the next cutting of the reamer 1.
Step five: repeating the third step and the fourth step until a certain dredging area is about to finish construction, firstly closing the ultrasonic device 16, controlling hydraulic pressure through an operating system to lift the ultrasonic auxiliary device to a certain height, and not attaching to the rock any more; the reamer 1 swings and cuts once again, and is closed immediately after finishing the final cutting; the ultrasonic aid and the reamer 1 are lifted together with the bridge 7 in preparation for the construction of the next dredging area.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and variations.

Claims (5)

1. A cutter suction device based on ultrasonic-assisted rock breaking is characterized by comprising a cutter suction dredger cutter suction device, a connecting device and a cutter suction dredger, wherein a plurality of ultrasonic devices of the ultrasonic-assisted device are welded on a support of the connecting device; the ultrasonic auxiliary device comprises an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic switch and a plurality of ultrasonic devices welded on the bracket, the ultrasonic generator is connected with the ultrasonic switch, the ultrasonic switch is connected with each ultrasonic device, and each ultrasonic device comprises a signal cable, a metal shell, a retainer ring, a wiring board, a conductive column, a piezoelectric sheet, an amplitude transformer, a wireless sensor and an ultrasonic tool bit; the ultrasonic switch is connected to the upper end of the signal cable penetrating through the metal shell, the check ring, the wiring board, the conductive column and the piezoelectric sheet are all arranged in the metal shell, the signal cable is connected to the wiring board, the check ring is arranged above the wiring board, the conductive column is arranged on the wiring board, the conductive column extends downwards to the piezoelectric sheet below the conductive column, the amplitude transformer is connected to the lower portion of the piezoelectric sheet, the ultrasonic tool bit is arranged at the lower end of the amplitude transformer, and the wireless sensor is arranged on the rod wall of the amplitude transformer.
2. The cutter suction device based on ultrasonic-assisted rock breaking as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cutter suction dredger cutter suction device comprises a bridge, a tail shaft, an underwater pump, a suction pipe, a bridge pulley, a transverse pulley, an underwater motor, a reamer and a reamer shaft, wherein the tail shaft, the underwater pump, the suction pipe, the bridge pulley and the transverse pulley are fixed on the bridge; the cutter suction device is connected with the cutter suction dredger through the tail shaft, the suction pipe provides power through an underwater pump, the cut product of the reamer is sucked and transported, the bridge pulley is used for achieving lifting of the cutter suction device, the transverse moving pulley is used for achieving transverse feed of the cutter suction device, and the underwater motor is connected with the reamer through the reamer shaft and provides power for rotation of the reamer.
3. The cutter suction device based on ultrasonic-assisted rock breaking as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connecting device comprises an upper cover fixed on a bridge frame of the cutter suction device through bolts and nuts, a plunger cylinder hinged with the upper cover, a bracket hinged with the bridge frame and the plunger rod respectively, and hydraulic pressure is controlled through an operating system to realize rotation of the bracket and the ultrasonic-assisted device relative to the bridge frame.
4. The cutter suction device based on ultrasonic wave auxiliary rock breaking of claim 1, characterized in that the ultrasonic wave device further comprises a sound absorption material arranged on the piezoelectric sheet.
5. A method for breaking rock based on ultrasonic wave assistance, which is characterized by using the device of any one of claims 1-3, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: in the process of lowering the reamer by the cutter suction dredger, the hydraulic pressure is controlled by the operating system and the ultrasonic auxiliary device is adjusted, so that the ultrasonic cutter head is effectively attached to the surface of the rock, and meanwhile, the reamer keeps a certain height distance from the rock;
step two: starting an ultrasonic device, performing ultrasonic excitation on the surface of the rock, and swinging the ultrasonic auxiliary device along with the bridge frame to finish the primary pre-splitting damage of the rock; in the whole step, the reamer and the ultrasonic auxiliary device synchronously swing along with the bridge, but the reamer does not work;
step three: after the primary pre-splitting damage is finished, the whole cutter suction device is advanced to a proper distance;
step four: simultaneously starting the reamer and the ultrasonic device to enable the reamer to just cut the rock which is subjected to the pre-splitting damage in the first step, and simultaneously performing new rock pre-splitting damage by the ultrasonic device to prepare for next-step reamer cutting;
step five: repeating the third step and the fourth step until a certain dredging area is about to finish construction, firstly closing the ultrasonic device, controlling hydraulic pressure through an operating system to lift the ultrasonic device to a certain height, and not attaching to the rock any more; the reamer swings for cutting once again, and is closed immediately after the final cutting is finished; the ultrasonic auxiliary device and the reamer are lifted together with the bridge in preparation for the construction of the next dredging area.
CN201911037766.6A 2019-10-29 2019-10-29 Cutter suction device based on ultrasonic-assisted rock breaking and rock breaking method Active CN110778271B (en)

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CN110778271B true CN110778271B (en) 2021-02-19

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107620566A (en) * 2016-07-14 2018-01-23 中国兵器装备研究院 Ultrasonic laser drilling rig
CN108664672A (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-16 中交上海航道局有限公司 A method of for obtaining cutter suction dredger maximum dredging depth
CN208121853U (en) * 2018-04-10 2018-11-20 俞迪烽 A kind of cutter suction dredger

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107620566A (en) * 2016-07-14 2018-01-23 中国兵器装备研究院 Ultrasonic laser drilling rig
CN108664672A (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-16 中交上海航道局有限公司 A method of for obtaining cutter suction dredger maximum dredging depth
CN208121853U (en) * 2018-04-10 2018-11-20 俞迪烽 A kind of cutter suction dredger

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