CN110777237B - Vacuum quenching method of low-carbon alloy steel - Google Patents
Vacuum quenching method of low-carbon alloy steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110777237B CN110777237B CN201911173991.2A CN201911173991A CN110777237B CN 110777237 B CN110777237 B CN 110777237B CN 201911173991 A CN201911173991 A CN 201911173991A CN 110777237 B CN110777237 B CN 110777237B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vacuum quenching method of low-carbon alloy steel, which comprises the following steps: pretreating the low-carbon alloy steel part; carrying out staged heating and heat preservation treatment on the pretreated low-carbon alloy steel part, wherein the heat preservation temperature of the final stage is 1060-1070 ℃; carrying out staged vacuum gas quenching treatment on the low-carbon alloy steel part subjected to heat preservation treatment, cooling for 2-4 min under the pressure of 10-16 bar, cooling for 8-12 min under the pressure of 8-14 bar, and discharging; the low-carbon alloy steel parts after gas quenching are sequentially subjected to cold treatment and tempering treatment, and the low-carbon alloy steel obtained by the method has excellent combination of strength and toughness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quenching of low-carbon alloy steel, in particular to a vacuum quenching method of low-carbon alloy steel.
Background
The 15Cr14Co12Mo5Ni steel is a novel low-carbon high-alloy steel, has good hardenability, and is mainly used for manufacturing carburized gears. At present, the manufacturing research of the material is still in the stage of starting and experience accumulation in China, the quenching mode of the material still adopts oil cooling quenching according to the heat treatment method of the same type of material, the research on the advanced high-pressure gas quenching technology is insufficient, and the advantages of no oxidation and uniform cooling of the vacuum high-pressure gas quenching technology cannot be fully exerted. The mechanical property requirements of the existing 15Cr14Co12Mo5Ni steel product are as follows: the tensile strength is 1750-1880 MPa, the yield strength is 1350-1550 MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 12%, the reduction of area is more than or equal to 40%, and the impact energy is more than or equal to 60J. The prior gas-cooled quenching method cannot meet the requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a vacuum quenching method for obtaining low-carbon alloy steel with excellent combination of strength and toughness.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a vacuum quenching method of low-carbon alloy steel comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing the low-carbon alloy steel part;
s2, carrying out staged heating and heat preservation treatment on the pretreated low-carbon alloy steel part, wherein the heat preservation temperature of the final stage is 1060-1070 ℃;
s3, performing staged vacuum gas quenching treatment on the low-carbon alloy steel part subjected to temperature rise and heat preservation treatment, cooling for 2-4 min under the pressure of 10-16 bar, cooling for 8-12 min under the pressure of 8-14 bar, and discharging;
and S4, sequentially carrying out cold treatment and tempering treatment on the low-carbon alloy steel part subjected to vacuum gas quenching treatment.
As a further improvement to the above technical solution:
in step S2, the step-wise temperature raising and holding process specifically includes the following steps: heating to 600-650 ℃ and preserving heat for 40-60 min, heating to 850-900 ℃ and preserving heat for 40-60 min, continuing heating to 1000-1050 ℃ and preserving heat for 40-60 min, and finally heating to 1060-1070 ℃ and preserving heat for 60-70 min.
In step S3, the quenching gas in the staged vacuum gas quenching process is nitrogen.
And the low-carbon alloy steel part is subjected to staged heating and heat preservation treatment and staged vacuum gas quenching treatment in a heating chamber and a gas quenching chamber of the vacuum double-chamber gas quenching furnace respectively.
In the step S4, the temperature of the cold treatment is-82 to-90 ℃, and the time is 2 to 2.5 hours.
In the step S4, the tempering temperature is 500 +/-5 ℃ and the tempering time is 2-2.5 h.
In step S1, the pretreatment is sand blasting.
The vacuum quenching method further comprises the step of repeating the step S41-2 times.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the vacuum quenching method of the low-carbon alloy steel realizes the excellent combination of strength and toughness of the low-carbon alloy steel through a staged heating and heat preservation mode and proper quenching gas pressure control, and has the technical requirements of 1750-1880 MPa of tensile strength, 1350-1550 MPa of yield strength, more than or equal to 12% of elongation, more than or equal to 40% of reduction of area and more than or equal to 60J of impact energy. The vacuum quenching method is reasonable in technology, and provides technical reference for quenching schemes of materials of the same type.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples. Unless otherwise specified, the instruments or materials employed in the present invention are commercially available.
Example 1:
as shown in FIG. 1, the vacuum quenching method of the low-carbon alloy steel comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing low-carbon alloy steel parts: tensile and impact test pieces having dimensions of 15X 80mm and 15X 60mm were prepared.
(2) The low-carbon alloy steel part is placed in a sand blower to clean the surface, the size of corundum sand grains is (60-100) meshes, the air pressure is less than or equal to 0.15MPa, and the sand blowing surface is ensured to be gray after sand blowing.
(3) The low-carbon alloy steel parts are placed in a vacuum double-chamber gas quenching furnace (a heating chamber and a gas quenching chamber), the low-carbon alloy steel parts are stably charged, the distance is more than or equal to 15mm, and the full circulation of atmosphere is ensured.
(4) Carrying out staged heating and heat preservation treatment on the low-carbon alloy steel part: heating to 600 ℃ and preserving heat for 60min, heating to 850 ℃ and preserving heat for 40min, heating to 1050 ℃ and preserving heat for 40min, heating to 1065 ℃ and preserving heat for 60min, and carrying out next staged quenching treatment after heat preservation. The temperature raising and maintaining treatment is carried out in a heating chamber in a vacuum double-chamber gas quenching furnace.
In other embodiments, the temperature is raised to 600-650 ℃ and maintained for 40-60 min, then raised to 850-900 ℃ and maintained for 40-60 min, then raised to 1000-1050 ℃ and maintained for 40-60 min, and finally raised to 1060-1070 ℃ and maintained for 60-70 min, and the same or similar technical effects can be obtained.
(5) Carrying out stage type vacuum quenching treatment on the low-carbon alloy steel part: cooling for 2min under the pressure of quenching gas of 12bar, cooling for 10min under the pressure of quenching gas of 10bar, and discharging. (in this example, the quenching gas was high-purity nitrogen gas generated by volatilization of liquid nitrogen). the vacuum quenching treatment was carried out in a gas quenching chamber in a vacuum dual-chamber gas quenching furnace.
In other embodiments, the cooling is performed for 2-4 min under the pressure of 10-16 bar, and then the cooling is performed for 8-12 min under the pressure of 8-14 bar, and then the product is taken out of the furnace, so that the same or similar technical effects can be obtained.
(6) And (3) carrying out cold treatment on the low-carbon alloy steel part within 30min after quenching, wherein the temperature of the cold treatment is-85 ℃, and the time is 2.5 h. In other embodiments, the temperature of the cold treatment is-82 to-90 ℃ and the time is 2 to 2.5 hours, and the same or similar technical effects can be obtained.
(7) And (3) after cold treatment, returning the low-carbon alloy steel part to room temperature, tempering at 500 ℃ for 2.5 hours, and then air-cooling to room temperature. In other embodiments, the tempering temperature is 500 ± 5 ℃ and the time is 2-2.5 hours, and the same or similar technical effects can be obtained.
(8) And (4) carrying out cold treatment and tempering treatment again according to the steps (6) and (7).
(9) And (4) final inspection: and detecting the mechanical property of the part.
The test results of the low-carbon alloy steel part of the embodiment are as follows: the tensile strength is 1808 MPa, the yield strength is 1366MPa, the elongation is 17.5%, the reduction of area is 65%, and the impact energy is 88J, so the low-carbon alloy steel part prepared by the vacuum quenching method of the low-carbon alloy steel is qualified.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the invention, using the teachings disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A vacuum quenching method of low-carbon alloy steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing the low-carbon alloy steel part;
s2, carrying out staged heating and heat preservation treatment on the pretreated low-carbon alloy steel part, wherein the heat preservation temperature of the final stage is 1060-1070 ℃; the stage type heating and heat preservation treatment specifically comprises the following steps: heating to 600-650 ℃, preserving heat for 40-60 min, heating to 850-900 ℃, preserving heat for 40-60 min, continuously heating to 1000-1050 ℃, preserving heat for 40-60 min, and finally heating to 1060-1070 ℃, preserving heat for 60-70 min;
s3, performing staged vacuum gas quenching treatment on the low-carbon alloy steel part subjected to temperature rise and heat preservation treatment, cooling for 2-4 min under the pressure of 10-16 bar, cooling for 8-12 min under the pressure of 8-14 bar, and discharging;
and S4, sequentially carrying out cold treatment and tempering treatment on the low-carbon alloy steel part subjected to vacuum gas quenching treatment, wherein the low-carbon alloy steel is 15Cr14Co12Mo5Ni steel.
2. The vacuum quenching method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the quenching gas in the staged vacuum gas quenching process is nitrogen.
3. The vacuum quenching method according to claim 2, wherein: and the low-carbon alloy steel part is subjected to staged heating and heat preservation treatment and staged vacuum gas quenching treatment in a heating chamber and a gas quenching chamber of the vacuum double-chamber gas quenching furnace respectively.
4. The vacuum quenching method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the step S4, the temperature of the cold treatment is-82 to-90 ℃, and the time is 2 to 2.5 hours.
5. The vacuum quenching method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the step S4, the tempering temperature is 500 +/-5 ℃ and the tempering time is 2-2.5 h.
6. The vacuum quenching method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in step S1, the pretreatment is sand blasting.
7. The vacuum quenching method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the vacuum quenching method further comprises the step of repeating the step S41-2 times.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101845546A (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2010-09-29 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Heat treatment method of 9Cr180Mo steel valve bush part |
| KR101710652B1 (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2017-02-28 | (주)영신칼스토리 | Manufacturing method of knife body using martensite stainless steel |
| CN106929647A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-07-07 | 东莞市华兴隆模具钢材有限公司 | A kind of vacuum heat-treating method of mould steel |
| CN107829057A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-23 | 无锡市锦润合金工具有限公司 | A kind of vacuum air-quenching method of cutter |
| CN109055683A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2018-12-21 | 西安长峰机电研究所 | A kind of D6AC ultrahigh-strength steel thin-wall shell vacuum fractionation air quenching method |
| CN109825681A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-31 | 重庆红江机械有限责任公司 | A kind of Cr12Mo1V1 Heat-Treatment of Steel method and its application |
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- 2019-11-26 CN CN201911173991.2A patent/CN110777237B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101845546A (en) * | 2010-06-21 | 2010-09-29 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Heat treatment method of 9Cr180Mo steel valve bush part |
| KR101710652B1 (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2017-02-28 | (주)영신칼스토리 | Manufacturing method of knife body using martensite stainless steel |
| CN106929647A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-07-07 | 东莞市华兴隆模具钢材有限公司 | A kind of vacuum heat-treating method of mould steel |
| CN107829057A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-23 | 无锡市锦润合金工具有限公司 | A kind of vacuum air-quenching method of cutter |
| CN109055683A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2018-12-21 | 西安长峰机电研究所 | A kind of D6AC ultrahigh-strength steel thin-wall shell vacuum fractionation air quenching method |
| CN109825681A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-31 | 重庆红江机械有限责任公司 | A kind of Cr12Mo1V1 Heat-Treatment of Steel method and its application |
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