CN110774177A - Tool and method for preparing structured forming grinding wheel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a tool and a method for preparing a structured grinding wheel, belonging to the technical field of structured grinding wheel preparation. The method includes designing groove parameters on the surface of the structured grinding wheel, optimally designing the geometric parameters of a CVD diamond ring, and using short pulses The laser beam prepares the cutting edge of the CVD diamond ring, assembles and debugs the structured tool, and prepares the structured forming grinding wheel. The preparation tool for the structured grinding wheel proposed by the present invention is composed of a plurality of diamond rings, and cutting edges with controllable parameters are prepared on the circumferential surface of each diamond ring. The structured forming grinding wheel with the cross-sectional shape greatly reduces the preparation cost of the structured forming grinding wheel, and compared with the common structured tools such as single-point diamond pen and laser beam, the present invention can greatly improve the preparation efficiency of the structured forming grinding wheel.

Description

A tool and method for preparing a structured forming grinding wheel

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of structured grinding wheels, and particularly relates to a tool and a method for preparing structured shaped grinding wheels.

Background technique

Grinding wheel, as an important type of bonded abrasive, its grinding performance has an important influence on the surface quality of workpiece after machining. The preparation of structured grinding wheel refers to controlling the micro or macro topography of the surface of the grinding wheel during the manufacturing or dressing process to obtain regular abrasive grain arrangement or groove structure, so as to enhance the storage and transportation capacity of grinding fluid and abrasive debris. , so as to improve the grinding performance of the grinding wheel. At present, the preparation methods of structuring methods are mainly divided into two categories: one is to realize the surface structuring during the preparation process of the grinding wheel (such as the orderly arrangement of abrasive grains, the precise control of the geometric parameters of abrasive grains, the design of the surface structure of the grinding wheel, etc.). Structured grinding wheels are prepared; the other type is surface structuring by micro-ablation of the abrasive layer of conventional grinding wheels with the aid of dressing tools (eg, diamond pen/cutting disc, laser beam).

At present, there have been many research reports on the preparation of structured parallel grinding wheels. For example, in the "Manufacturing method of microstructured large abrasive diamond grinding wheel" patent with publication number CN103465187A, by controlling the relative motion trajectory of the grinding wheel and the pulsed laser beam, the parallel grinding wheel circumferential surface is processed with a depth and width ranging from 10 μm to 10 μm. Micro grooves in the range of 50μm, the prepared structured grinding wheel can significantly reduce the grinding force and heat, but the grooves with a 90° direction angle on the surface of the grinding wheel will be copied to the workpiece surface during grinding, resulting in the workpiece surface accuracy after grinding. Poor; in the patent of "a kind of surface-ordered micro-structured CVD diamond grinding wheel and its preparation method" with the publication number of CN107962510A, a layer of diamond film was first deposited on the outer circumferential surface of the grinding wheel hub by chemical vapor deposition, and then A large number of grooves with the same geometric size are cut on the outer circumference of the diamond film by a pulsed laser beam to form a large number of micro-grinding units. Although the prepared structured grinding wheel can increase the number of effective grinding edges of the grinding wheel during grinding However, due to the small thickness of the diamond film, the service life of the grinding wheel is not long, and the preparation process is time-consuming and laborious. In related literature reports, Yao Peng et al. proposed a method for preparing structured grinding wheel with abrasive water jet, which uses abrasive jet as a processing method to make grooves on the surface of the grinding wheel. Compared with the laser structuring method, this method has "no focus" Processing characteristics, but its processing efficiency is low, and the processing accuracy is limited, and the processing device is more complicated.

Aiming at the problems of surface burns and cracks in forming grinding, structured forming grinding wheels have broad application prospects. At present, the research on structured forming grinding wheel is still in its infancy, and there is no relevant patent report. In the literature reports, only Forbrigger et al. The set feed rate and depth of cut create grooves on the surface of the shaped wheel along the wheel profile. Although this method can prepare structured forming grinding wheel, its preparation efficiency and precision are low. Therefore, in view of the requirement of reducing grinding force and heat in forming grinding, there is an urgent need for a method for preparing a structured forming grinding wheel that integrates high efficiency, high precision and high quality.

The present invention proposes a tool and method for preparing a structured forming grinding wheel, thereby improving the grinding performance of the grinding wheel and solving the problems of surface blockage of the grinding wheel and burns on the surface of the workpiece during the forming grinding process.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to propose a tool and method for preparing a structured forming grinding wheel, thereby improving the cooling and lubricating conditions of the surface of the forming grinding wheel.

A tool for preparing a structured forming grinding wheel, comprising a plurality of steel rings, a plurality of CVD diamond rings, a positioning column, a steel base, and a threaded hole; through holes are provided in the middle of the steel ring and the CVD diamond ring; the positioning column passes through The through hole fixes the steel ring and the CVD diamond ring together; the positioning column is fixed with the steel base by screws; the several steel rings and several CVD diamond rings are alternately arranged along the axial direction of the structural tool, and the same circumferential line The CVD diamond rings on the upper have the same inner and outer diameters, the CVD diamond rings on different circumferential lines along the tool axis direction have the same inner diameter and different outer diameters, and the CVD diamond rings on the same circumferential line are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the steel substrate , the angle between the diamond rings is γ; the circumferential surfaces of the CVD diamond rings are all machined with cutting edges, and the area between the cutting edges is a pulsed laser scanning area; the tool is installed on the On the main shaft of the grinding machine, it is driven by the main shaft to rotate at a set speed, and then contacts with the forming grinding wheel to grind to prepare a structured forming grinding wheel.

A method for preparing a structured shaped grinding wheel, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Design the groove parameters on the surface of the structured grinding wheel. The feature points are located on the contour line of the section of the forming grinding wheel. There are structured grooves on the working surface of the grinding wheel. The laser micrometer is used to scan along the axial direction of the grinding wheel at a constant speed to obtain the contour line. The height characteristic data of each scanning point is then fitted with MATLAB software to obtain the contour of the grinding wheel section. According to the requirements of the axial width B ₀ and axial spacing F ₀ of the surface groove of the structured grinding wheel, N feature points are selected on the profile of the grinding wheel, and the distance R from the feature point to the axis of the grinding wheel (along the axial direction of the grinding wheel) is obtained. Labeled R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , . . . , R _N in turn). The parameters of the groove length Li ( _i =1,2,3,...,N) and the groove circumferential spacing Hi ( _i =1,2,3,...,N) in the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel are optimized.

In step 2, the geometric parameters of the CVD diamond ring are optimally designed. According to the cross-sectional geometry of the forming grinding wheel and its surface groove axial width B ₀ , groove axial spacing F ₀ and other parameters, the outer diameter ri ( _i =1,2,3,...,N of the CVD diamond ring) is optimally designed ), central angle α _i (i=1,2,3,...,N), width B, number S and other parameters.

Step 3, a short pulse laser beam selectively ablates the circumferential surface of the CVD diamond ring to prepare a cutting edge.

Step 4, assemble and debug structured tools. The CVD diamond ring and the steel ring for separating the CVD diamond ring are installed on the steel substrate in turn, and then the screws at both ends of the tool are tightened to obtain a structured tool that matches the profile of the shaped grinding wheel. The laser micrometer moves axially along the structured tool at a constant speed to detect the circular runout of the rotating structured tool. Repeat step 4 until the radial circular runout of the tool is less than 15 μm.

Step 5, the preparation of the tool setting and the structured grinding wheel, the forming grinding wheel and the structured tool are respectively installed on the grinding spindle and the workpiece spindle of the three-axis linkage high-precision air-floating spindle grinder, and the grinding wheel is adjusted by adjusting the relative position of the grinding machine spindle. The axis and the axis of the structured tool are in the same vertical plane, adjust the coordinate position of the workpiece spindle to make the structured tool approach the grinding wheel, and use the rotating AE sensor installed on the workpiece spindle to feed back the AE signal source generated by the contact between the structured tool and the grinding wheel. When a sudden change in the amplitude of the AE signal is detected, the workpiece spindle stops feeding, and the tool setting is completed. The grinding wheel and the structured tool rotate at the set speeds n ₁ and n ₂ respectively. According to the requirements of the groove parameters of the structured grinding wheel, the structured tool is in contact with the grinding wheel at the set feed rate and cutting depth, and the grinding is similar to that of the grinding wheel. The structured grinding wheel is prepared by forming grinding, and discontinuous grooves with controllable characteristic parameters can be machined on the surface of the forming grinding wheel, so as to complete the preparation of the structured grinding wheel.

Further, in step 1, the quantitative relationship between the number of feature points N and the width M of the grinding wheel can be expressed as:

In the formula, B ₀ is the width of the groove, F ₀ is the axial spacing of the groove, and INT{} means rounding.

Further, in step 1, in order to make the number of grooves K _i (i=1, 2, 3, . Then the sum of the groove length Li in the circumferential direction of the grinding _wheel and the groove circumferential spacing _Hi should satisfy the following formula:

In the formula, Li ( _i =1,2,3,...,N) is the groove length in the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel, and Hi ( _i =1,2,3,...,N) is the groove circumferential spacing.

Further, in step 2, the outer diameter _{ri and the central angle α i of} the CVD diamond ring can be expressed as follows:

r _i =Δ+r ₀ +PR _i , (i=1,2,3,...,N)

In the formula, r ₀ is the outer diameter of the steel ring in step 4, and its value is 50mm, P=MAX{R ₁ ,R ₂ ,R ₃ ,...,R _N }, MAX{} means taking the maximum value, △ is the satisfaction The height of the CVD diamond ring corresponding to the feature point of P–R _i = 0 compared to the steel ring, its value is 5mm, and R _i (i=1, 2, 3,..., N) is each feature point to the grinding wheel axis the distance. According to the requirements of the groove length L and circumferential spacing H in the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel, the optimal design of the central angle α _i (i=1,2,3,…,N) of the CVD diamond ring should satisfy the following two formulas at the same time:

In the formula, n ₂ is the rotational speed of the structured tool; _{n 1} is the rotational speed of the grinding wheel; Ri is the distance from each feature point to the axis of the grinding wheel, and _ri is the outer diameter of the CVD diamond ring corresponding to each feature point.

Further, in step 2, the width B of the CVD diamond ring is equal to the axial width B ₀ of the structured trench.

Further, in step 3, the direction angle of the cutting edge (the angle between the cutting edge and the tool axis) on the circumferential surface of the CVD diamond ring is 30°, and the height h of the cutting edge is about 30-40 μm.

Further, in step 3, a galvanometer type nanosecond laser is used to process the diamond ring, the pulse width is 20ns, the pulse repetition frequency is 50KHz, and the laser power is 25W.

Further, the surfaces of the CVD diamond ring and the steel ring described in steps 3 and 4 are pre-processed with a plurality of micro-holes for assembling and positioning, and the inner diameter D of the CVD diamond ring and the steel ring is equal to the outer diameter of the steel substrate.

Further, in step 4, the thickness of the steel matrix is equal to the width M of the forming grinding wheel;

Further, the width F of the steel ring in step 4 is equal to the axial spacing F ₀ of the structured grooves.

Further, in step 5, the laser micrometer moves along the axial direction of the structured tool at a constant speed of 15 mm/min to measure the structured tool rotating at a rotational speed of 400 rev/min, the sampling frequency is 50 KHz, and the sampling interval is 0.1 μm.

The beneficial effects of the present invention include:

1. High structural efficiency. When using a single-point diamond pen and a pulsed laser to prepare a structured grinding wheel, the surface of the grinding wheel can only be divided into multiple areas for processing, resulting in low processing efficiency. The invention adopts the diamond ring assembling tool that fits the contour shape of the forming grinding wheel for structuring, and can simultaneously structure the entire working surface of the grinding wheel, thereby greatly improving the processing efficiency.

2. Wide range of application. The invention can be used for preparing shaped structured grinding wheels with various cross-sectional profiles, and can obtain structured tools that fit the cross-sectional profiles of grinding wheels by assembling diamond rings with different outer diameters according to different cross-sectional profiles of shaped grinding wheels. In addition, the method of staggered assembly of diamond rings also avoids the copying of the groove morphology on the surface of the grinding wheel to the surface of the workpiece, resulting in low surface quality of the workpiece after processing.

3. High processing controllability. The invention can accurately control parameters such as the width, circumferential spacing, axial spacing and other parameters of the structured groove through the orderly assembly of the diamond ring and the separating steel ring, and can be controlled by controlling the feed depth between the structured tool and the grinding wheel the depth of the groove. Therefore, the present invention can manufacture structured grinding wheels with different parameter requirements with high controllability.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of structured forming grinding wheel tool;

Accompanying drawing 2 forms the characteristic parameter of grinding wheel working face structured groove;

Accompanying drawing 3 is the collection schematic diagram of contour line feature point of forming grinding wheel;

The structural representation of accompanying drawing 4CVD diamond ring;

5 is a schematic diagram of the circumferential spacing of adjacent CVD diamond rings on the same circumferential line;

Accompanying drawing 6 steel ring structure schematic diagram;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the structured grinding wheel.

Among them, 1-steel ring; 2-CVD diamond ring; 3-adjacent CVD diamond ring; 4-positioning post; 5-steel base; 6-screw; 7-structured groove; 8-grinding wheel axis; 9-feature 10-CVD diamond ring cutting edge; 11-Pulse laser scanning area; 12-Through hole; 13-Grinding machine spindle; 14-Workpiece spindle.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the scope of the present invention. This embodiment is directed to a concave arc-shaped grinding wheel, the inner hole diameter of the grinding wheel base is 20 mm, the outer diameter is 100 mm, the thickness of the abrasive layer is 8 mm, the arc radius is 4 mm, and the width of the grinding wheel is 8 mm. The prepared structured grinding wheel needs to meet the following requirements: the axial width of the groove is 1 mm, the groove spacing in the direction of the grinding wheel axis is 1 mm, the groove depth is 3 mm, the circumference of the groove is in the range of 1–30 mm, and the circumference of the groove is in the range of 1–30 mm. Spacing is in the range of 1–30mm.

Example 1

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7 , a tool for preparing a structured forming grinding wheel includes a steel ring 1, a CVD diamond ring 2, an adjacent diamond ring 3, a positioning post 4, a steel base 5, and a threaded hole 6. The A through hole 12 is provided in the middle of the steel ring 1 and the CVD diamond ring, the positioning column 4 passes through the through hole 12 to fix the plurality of steel rings and the CVD diamond ring together, and the two ends of the positioning column 4 are connected to the steel base through screws 6. 5 are fixed together, the steel base 5 is provided with a steel ring 1 and a CVD diamond ring outside, the steel ring 1 is located at both ends of the axis of the steel base 5, the circumferential surface of the CVD diamond ring is provided with a cutting edge 10, CVD The area between the adjacent cutting edges 10 of the diamond ring is the pulsed laser scanning area 11; the steel ring and the CVD diamond ring are alternately arranged along the axial direction of the structured tool, and the CVD diamond ring on the same circumferential line is along the circumference of the steel substrate The directions are uniformly distributed, and the angle between adjacent CVD diamond rings is γ.

A method for preparing a structured shaped grinding wheel with the above-mentioned tool, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, design the groove parameters on the surface of the structured grinding wheel, see Figure 2 and Figure 3, the feature point 9 is located on the profile of the grinding wheel section, and there is a structured groove 7 on the working surface of the grinding wheel, and a laser micrometer is used to follow the concave arc. The axis 8 of the shaped grinding wheel is scanned at a constant speed, the sampling frequency is set to 40KHz, and the sampling interval is set to 0.1 μm, to obtain the height characteristic data of each scanning point on the contour line, and then use MATLAB software to fit the contour line of the grinding wheel section. According to the requirements of the axial width B ₀ and the axial spacing F ₀ of the surface groove of the structured grinding wheel, N feature points 9 are selected on the cross-sectional contour of the grinding wheel, and the distance R from the feature point 9 to the grinding wheel axis 8 is obtained. The axial directions of the grinding wheel are sequentially marked as R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , . . . , R _N , as shown in FIG. 3 . The quantitative relationship between the number of feature points N and the width M of the grinding wheel can be expressed as:

In the formula, B ₀ is the width of the groove, F ₀ is the axial spacing of the groove, and INT{} means rounding. In this embodiment, the width M of the grinding wheel is 8 mm, the axial width B ₀ of the groove and the axial interval F ₀ of the groove are all taken as 1 mm, and the number N of feature points is calculated by bringing the above formula into 4, and the feature points are located in each axis of the grinding wheel. On the center line of the groove, the distance Ri ( _i =1, 2, 3, 4) from each feature point to the grinding wheel axis is measured to be 56.06mm, 54.29mm, 54.03mm, and 54.88mm, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 2, in order to make the number K _i (i=1, 2, 3, 4) of the grooves 7 on the section where each feature point 9 is located is an integer, and each groove is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel, Then the sum of the groove length Li in the circumferential direction of the grinding _wheel and the groove circumferential spacing _Hi should satisfy the following formula:

In this embodiment, the distance Ri ( _i =1, 2, 3, 4) at the four feature points is substituted into the above formula to obtain the sum of the groove length and the groove circumferential spacing on the section where the four feature points are located (L _i + H _i ) should be the quotient of 352, 340, 340, 345 divided by K, respectively. In order to facilitate the design of diamond ring parameters in the subsequent step 2, the number of grooves K _i (i=1, 2, 3, 4) on the cross-section where the four feature points are located are taken as 16, 20, 20, and 15, respectively. The corresponding Li and _Hi are calculated as L ₁ = _10mm , H ₁ =12mm, L ₂ =7mm, H ₂ =10mm, L ₃ =7mm, H ₃ =10mm, L ₄ =10mm, H ₄ =13mm .

In step 2, the geometric parameters of the CVD diamond ring are optimally designed. As shown in Figure 4, according to the cross-sectional geometry of the concave circular arc grinding wheel and its surface groove axial width B ₀ and groove axial spacing F ₀ parameters, the outer diameter r _i of the CVD diamond ring is optimally designed (i= 1,2,3,4), central angle α _i (i=1,2,3,4), width B, quantity S parameters, the specific expressions are as follows:

r _i =Δ+r ₀ +PR _i , (i=1,2,3,4)

In the formula, r ₀ is the outer diameter of the separating steel ring 1 in Figure 6, and its value is 50mm, P=MAX{R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ }, MAX{} represents the maximum value, and △ is The protruding height of the CVD diamond ring corresponding to the feature point satisfying P-R _i =0 is 5 mm compared to the steel ring. Therefore, in this embodiment, the outer diameters of the CVD diamond rings corresponding to the four feature points are 55 mm, 56.77 mm, 57.03 mm, and 56.18 mm, respectively. According to the requirements of the groove length L and the circumferential spacing H in the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel, the optimal design of the central angle α _i (i=1, 2, 3, 4) of the CVD diamond ring should satisfy the following two formulas at the same time:

In the formula, n ₂ is the rotational speed of the structured tool, and its value is 200 r/min; _{n 1} is the rotational speed of the grinding wheel, and its value is 196 r/min; Ri is the distance from each feature point to the axis of the grinding wheel, and _ri is the corresponding characteristic point. The outer diameter of the CVD diamond ring. In this embodiment, the central angles of the optimally designed CVD diamond rings are 41°, 71°, 71°, and 65°, respectively. Further, the number S of the CVD diamond rings corresponding to each feature point can be respectively taken as 6, 4, 4, 4, and the interval angle γ of the corresponding CVD diamond rings in the circumferential direction is 19°, 19°, 19°, 25°, as shown in Figure 5. In addition, the width B of the CVD diamond ring 2 is equal to the groove width B ₀ , which is 1 mm in this embodiment.

Step 3, preparing the cutting edge of the CVD diamond ring. The CVD diamond ring is fixed by a rotating fixture and then installed on the main shaft of the grinding machine. A galvanometer-type short-pulse laser beam is used to remove the material in the specific area 11 of the circumferential surface of the CVD diamond ring. During processing, the central angle α of the CVD diamond ring 2 is equally divided, and the diamond The circumferential surface of the ring is divided into several parts and processed sequentially. The angle rotation of the CVD diamond ring is precisely controlled by the main shaft of the grinding machine. The scanning area of laser processing is a rectangular area. The specific parameters are: pulse width 20ns, laser beam scanning speed 840mm/s, The pulse repetition frequency is 50KHz, the laser power is 25W, and the number of laser cycle scans is 20 times. Finally, the surface of the CVD diamond ring shown in FIG. 4 is obtained. The cutting edge height h of the surface cutting edge 10 is about 30-40 μm, and the angle between the cutting edge and the tool axis is about 30°. The same method was used to complete the preparation of all diamond rings in turn.

Step 4, assemble and debug structured tools. As shown in FIG. 1 , the positioning posts 4 are sequentially passed through the through holes 12 on the CVD diamond ring and mounted on the substrate 5. The position of the feature point in step 1 corresponds to the position of the diamond ring, and the thickness of the substrate corresponds to the width of the grinding wheel. M is equal, its value is 8mm, insert the steel ring 1 used to separate the diamond rings between adjacent diamond rings, the outer diameter of the steel ring is r ₀ , the inner diameter is equal to the inner diameter of the diamond ring, the width F and the axial distance of the groove F ₀ is equal, its value is 1mm, install all diamond rings and steel rings in sequence, and then tighten the screws 6 at both ends of the tool, and finally obtain a structured tool that matches the profile of the concave arc grinding wheel. The laser micrometer moves along the axial direction of the structured tool at a constant speed of 15 mm/min to detect the circular runout of the structured tool rotating at 400 r/min, the sampling frequency is 50 KHz, and the sampling interval is 0.1 μm. Repeat step 4 until the radial circular runout of the tool is less than 15 μm.

In step 5, a structured forming grinding wheel is prepared. As shown in FIG. 7, the forming grinding wheel and the structural tool are respectively installed on the grinding spindle 13 and the workpiece spindle 14 of the three-axis linkage high-precision air-floating spindle grinder. By adjusting the relative position of the grinding machine spindle, the axis of the grinding wheel and the structure The axis of the chemical tool is in the same vertical plane, adjust the coordinate position of the workpiece spindle to make the structured tool approach the grinding wheel, and use the rotating AE sensor installed on the workpiece spindle to feed back the AE signal source generated by the contact between the structured tool and the grinding wheel. When the amplitude of the AE signal changes suddenly, the workpiece spindle stops feeding, and the tool setting is completed. The grinding wheel and the structured tool rotate at the set speeds n ₁ and n ₂ respectively. According to the requirements of the groove parameters of the structured grinding wheel, the structured tool rotates with the grinding wheel at a set feed rate of 4m/min and a cutting depth of 0.05mm/time. Contact grinding (slow grinding), the cumulative cutting depth is 3mm, and the structured grinding wheel is prepared in a manner similar to forming grinding. preparation.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, personnel can make some changes or modifications to equivalent examples of equivalent changes by using the above-mentioned technical content, but any content that does not depart from the technical solution of the present invention is based on the technical solution of the present invention. Substantially any simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments still fall within the scope of the solutions of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A tool for preparing a structured forming grinding wheel is characterized by comprising a plurality of steel rings, a plurality of CVD diamond rings, positioning columns, a steel substrate and threaded holes; through holes are formed in the middle parts of the steel ring and the CVD diamond ring; the positioning column penetrates through the through hole to fix the steel ring and the CVD diamond ring together; the positioning column is fixed with the steel base body through a screw; the plurality of steel rings and the plurality of CVD diamond rings are alternately arranged along the axial direction of the structured tool, the CVD diamond rings on the same circumferential line have the same inner diameter and outer diameter, the CVD diamond rings on different circumferential lines along the axial direction of the tool have the same inner diameter and different outer diameters, the CVD diamond rings on the same circumferential line are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the steel substrate, and the included angle between every two adjacent CVD diamond rings is gamma; cutting edges are machined on the circumferential surface of the CVD diamond ring, and the area between the cutting edges is a pulse laser scanning area; the tool is arranged on a main shaft of a grinding machine when the structured forming grinding wheel is prepared, is driven by the main shaft to rotate at a set rotating speed, and then is in contact with the forming grinding wheel for opposite grinding to prepare the structured forming grinding wheel.

2. A method of making a structured formed grinding wheel comprising the steps of:

step 1, designing groove parameters of the surface of a structured grinding wheel; the characteristic point is positioned on the profile line of the section of the concave arc-shaped grinding wheel, and a structured groove is arranged on the working surface of the concave arc-shaped grinding wheel; scanning the concave arc-shaped grinding wheel axially at a constant speed by using a laser micrometer to obtain height characteristic data of each scanning point on a contour line of the concave arc-shaped grinding wheel, and fitting by using MATLAB software to obtain a contour line of the cross section of the grinding wheel; according to the axial width B of the groove on the surface of the structured grinding wheel ₀Axial distance F ₀Selecting N characteristic points on the profile line of the section of the grinding wheel, obtaining the distance R from the characteristic points to the axis of the grinding wheel, and sequentially marking the distance R along the axial direction of the grinding wheel ₁,R ₂,R ₃,…,R _N(ii) a Optimally designing the circumferential length L of the groove _i(i ═ 1,2,3, …, N) by the groove circumferential spacing H _i(i-1, 2,3, …, N) parameters；

Step 2, optimally designing the geometric parameters of the CVD diamond ring; according to the cross section geometry of the formed grinding wheel and the axial width B of the surface groove thereof ₀Axial distance F between grooves ₀Optimally designing the outer diameter r of the CVD diamond ring _i(i-1, 2,3, …, N), central angle α _i(i ═ 1,2,3, …, N), width B, number S parameters;

3, selectively ablating the circumferential surface of the CVD diamond ring by using a short pulse laser beam to prepare a cutting edge;

step 4, assembling and debugging a structured tool; sequentially mounting the CVD diamond ring and a steel ring for separating the CVD diamond ring on a steel substrate, and then screwing screws at two ends of the tool to finally obtain a structural tool matched with the section contour line of the formed grinding wheel; the laser micrometer moves along the axial direction of the structural tool at a constant speed to detect the circular runout of the rotating structural tool; repeating the step 4 until the radial circular runout of the tool reaches below 15 mu m;

step 5, preparing a tool setting and a structured grinding wheel, namely respectively installing the grinding wheel and a structured tool on a grinding main shaft and a workpiece main shaft of a three-shaft linkage high-precision air floatation main shaft grinding machine, enabling the axis of the grinding wheel and the axis of the structured tool to be in the same vertical plane by adjusting the relative position of the main shaft of the grinding machine, adjusting the coordinate position of the workpiece main shaft to enable the structured tool to approach the grinding wheel, feeding an AE signal source generated by the contact of the structured tool and the grinding wheel back by utilizing a rotary AE sensor installed on the workpiece main shaft, stopping feeding the workpiece main shaft when detecting that the amplitude of the AE signal is suddenly changed, and finishing the tool setting; the grinding wheel and the structural tool respectively rotate at a set rotating speed n ₁、n ₂And rotating, and according to the requirements of the groove parameters of the structured grinding wheel, carrying out contact and opposite grinding on the structured tool and the grinding wheel at a set feed rate and a set cutting depth to prepare the structured grinding wheel in a manner similar to form grinding, and machining discontinuous grooves with controllable characteristic parameters on the surface of the grinding wheel so as to finish the preparation of the structured grinding wheel.

3. A method of making a structured profiled grinding wheel according to claim 2 wherein in step 1, the number of features N in relation to the number of wheel widths M is expressed as:

in the formula, B ₀Is the width of the trench, F ₀INT { } denotes taking the integer for the groove axial spacing.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein in step 1, the number of grooves K in the cross section of each feature point is selected to be the same as the number of grooves K in the cross section of each feature point _i(i is an integer of 1,2,3, …, N) and the grooves are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel, the groove length L in the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel is _iSpaced circumferentially from the groove by a distance H _iThe sum should satisfy the following formula:

5. a method of making a structured profiled grinding wheel according to claim 2 wherein in step 2, the CVD diamond ring has an outer diameter r _iCentral angle α _iCan be expressed as follows:

r _i＝Δ+r ₀+P-R _i,(i＝1,2,3,···,N)

in the formula, r ₀The outer diameter of the steel ring in step 4 is 50mm, and P is MAX { R ═ R { ₁,R ₂,R ₃,…,R _NMAX denotes taking the maximum value, △ is to satisfy P-R _iThe characteristic point corresponding to 0 corresponds to a CVD diamond ring protruding by a height of 5mm compared to the steel ring, R _i(i is 1,2,3, …, N) is the distance between each characteristic point and the grinding wheel axis, and the central angle α of the CVD diamond ring is required according to the length L of the groove in the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel and the circumferential distance H _iThe optimal design of (i ═ 1,2,3, …, N) should satisfy both the following equations:

in the formula, n ₂The rotating speed of the structural tool; n is ₁The rotational speed of the grinding wheel; r _iFor the distance of each characteristic point to the axis of the grinding wheel, r _iThe outer diameter of the CVD diamond ring corresponding to each feature point.

6. The method of making a structured grinding wheel according to claim 2, wherein the width B of the CVD diamond ring and the axial width B of the structured groove ₀Are equal.

7. A method of making a structured profiled grinding wheel as claimed in claim 2 wherein in step 3 the angle between the cutting edge on the circumferential surface of the CVD diamond ring and the tool axis is 30 ° and the height of the cutting edge h is about 30-40 μm, and the diamond ring is machined using a galvanometer nanosecond laser with a pulse width of 20ns, a pulse repetition rate of 50KHz and a laser power of 25W.

8. The method for preparing the structured form grinding wheel according to claim 2, wherein in the steps 3 and 4, the surfaces of the CVD diamond ring and the steel ring are processed with a plurality of micropores in advance for assembling and positioning, and the inner diameter D of the CVD diamond ring and the steel ring is equal to the outer diameter of the steel substrate.

9. A method of making a structured formed wheel according to claim 2 wherein in step 4 the thickness of the steel substrate is equal to the width M of the formed wheel.

10. A method of making a structured profiled grinding wheel according to claim 2 wherein the width F of the steel ring and the axial spacing F of the structured groove in step 4 are such that ₀Are equal.

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