CN110773861B - Primary welding synchronous secondary reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding tool and welding method - Google Patents
Primary welding synchronous secondary reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding tool and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110773861B CN110773861B CN201911076229.2A CN201911076229A CN110773861B CN 110773861 B CN110773861 B CN 110773861B CN 201911076229 A CN201911076229 A CN 201911076229A CN 110773861 B CN110773861 B CN 110773861B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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Abstract
The invention provides a once-welding synchronous secondary reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding tool and a welding method. The invention respectively adjusts the press-in amount of the inner side shaft shoulder and the stirring pin through the two adjusting bolts, can ensure the forming of the inner part of the welding line in the welding process, keeps zero press-in amount between the outer side shaft shoulder and the surface of the mother material to be welded, can contain the material which is extruded by the inner side shaft shoulder and the stirring pin and overflows, and carries out rotary rolling and forming on the material, thereby forming the friction stir welding line without flash and thinning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of friction stir welding, and particularly relates to a primary welding synchronous secondary reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding tool and a welding method.
Background
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a new solid phase joining method invented by british Welding institute (TWI) in 1991, and its working principle is to press a stirring head rotating at high speed into the metal to be welded, to produce a large amount of Friction heat and plastic deformation heat to partially plasticize the workpiece material, and the plasticized material is cooled under the shoulder forging pressure to form a dense joint. Compared with the traditional fusion welding, the FSW has the advantages of low heat input, small residual stress and deformation, excellent mechanical property of the joint and the like. In the FSW process, no filling material is needed, but the shaft shoulder needs to maintain a certain pressing amount to ensure that friction generates heat and a welding seam is dense and strengthened, and a welding seam plastic material is bound to overflow to cause the phenomenon of thinning the welding seam. With the popularization and application of the friction stir welding technology, the negative influence of welding line thinning is increasingly obvious. Firstly, the weld thinning is often accompanied with the flash defect of the weld, and secondary processing is needed, which wastes time and labor. Secondly, the bearing capacity of the joint is reduced due to the thinning of the welding line, and particularly when a thin plate is welded, the bearing capacity is reduced due to the thinning of the welding line is more obvious. Third, thinning of the weld creates stress concentrations at the weld edge, resulting in reduced fatigue resistance of the component.
In the requirement of structural member welding in the aerospace field, the phenomenon that a welding seam area is not thinned is definitely specified. In the existing research work, the problem of weld thinning is usually solved by adopting a mode of material increase at a weld joint before welding or material decrease at a non-weld joint after welding, but the remedial methods reduce the working efficiency and increase the welding cost. In addition, there is a report of using static shoulder friction stir welding in which the shoulder does not rotate and acts only on a thin surface layer of a weld, thereby forming a weld with a small reduction amount. However, the welding tool for static shaft shoulder type friction stir welding has the problems of complex design, reduced continuous working capacity and service life, high control precision of working conditions and pressing amount, limitation of wide application of the welding tool in non-thinning friction stir welding, and poor connection caused by insufficient heat input easily due to thick plate welding.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a primary welding synchronous secondary reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding tool and a welding method, wherein a clamping body, an inner side shaft shoulder and a stirring body are designed in a split mode, the pressing-in amount of the inner side shaft shoulder and the stirring needle can be respectively adjusted through two adjusting bolts, the forming of the inner part of a welding line can be guaranteed in the welding process, the outer side shaft shoulder and the surface of a base material to be welded keep zero pressing-in amount, the inner concave surface of the outer side shaft shoulder can contain thermoplastic materials extruded by the inner side shaft shoulder and the stirring needle, the thermoplastic materials are rotationally rolled and reshaped, and a flashing-free thinning-free friction stir welding line is formed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the primary welding synchronous secondary reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding tool comprises a welding tool clamping body, an inner side shaft shoulder, a stirring body, a shaft shoulder adjusting bolt, a needle length adjusting bolt, a shaft shoulder fastening bolt and a stirring body fastening bolt, wherein the welding tool clamping body comprises an integrally formed and coaxially arranged clamping handle and an outer side shaft shoulder, and the outer side shaft shoulder is arranged at the lower part of the clamping handle;
the axial center of the clamping handle is provided with a first thread through hole, the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt is arranged in the first thread through hole, the axial center of the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt is provided with a second thread through hole, the needle length adjusting bolt is arranged in the second thread through hole, the axial center of the outer shaft shoulder is provided with a vertical clamping hole, the lower end surface of the outer shaft shoulder is a concave shaft shoulder surface with the outer edge higher than the center, the inner shaft shoulder is arranged in the vertical clamping hole, the upper end surface of the inner shaft shoulder is abutted against the lower end surface of the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt, the lower end of the inner shaft shoulder is exposed out of the lower end surface of the outer shaft shoulder, the axial center of the inner shaft shoulder is provided with an accommodating through hole, the stirring body is arranged in the accommodating through hole, the stirring body comprises a stirring needle seat and a stirring needle which are coaxially and integrally formed, the upper end surface of the stirring needle seat is abutted against the lower end surface of the needle length adjusting bolt, and the stirring needle is exposed out of the lower end, the extension amount of the inner side shaft shoulder is adjusted by rotating the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt, the extension amount of the stirring pin is adjusted by rotating the pin length adjusting bolt, the inner side shaft shoulder is locked by the shaft shoulder fastening bolt, and the stirring body is locked by the stirring body fastening bolt.
Furthermore, two third threaded through holes perpendicular to the axis of the outer side shaft shoulder are formed in the side wall of the vertical clamping hole of the outer side shaft shoulder, a horizontal clamping hole perpendicular to the axis of the inner side shaft shoulder is formed in the side wall of the accommodating through hole of the inner side shaft shoulder, the horizontal clamping hole is communicated with one of the third threaded through holes, an inner side shaft shoulder clamping surface is arranged on the outer surface of the inner side shaft shoulder, the inner side shaft shoulder clamping surface is communicated with the other third threaded through hole, the shaft shoulder fastening bolt penetrates through the third threaded through hole and abuts against the inner side shaft shoulder clamping surface to fix the inner side shaft shoulder, a stirring needle seat clamping surface is arranged on the outer surface of the stirring needle seat, and the stirring body fastening bolt penetrates through the horizontal clamping hole and the third threaded through hole which is opposite to the horizontal clamping hole and abuts against the stirring needle seat clamping surface.
Furthermore, the outer diameter of the clamping handle is smaller than that of the outer side shaft shoulder, a welding tool clamping surface is arranged on the outer surface of the clamping handle, an upper annular heat dissipation groove and a lower annular heat dissipation groove are arranged on the outer surface of the outer side shaft shoulder, and the outer side shaft shoulder below the two annular heat dissipation grooves is of an inverted cone structure.
Furthermore, the diameter of the first threaded through hole is 0.5-2mm larger than that of the vertical clamping hole, and the diameter of the second threaded through hole of the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt is 0.2-1mm larger than that of the stirring needle seat.
Furthermore, the lower end face of the outer side shaft shoulder is a concave shaft shoulder face with the outer edge higher than the center, the concave angle is 6-10 degrees, and the diameter of the outer edge of the concave shaft shoulder face is 10-30 mm.
Furthermore, the horizontal clamping hole on the inner side shaft shoulder is a straight groove opening, the length of the upper edge and the lower edge of the straight groove opening is 10-15mm, the diameters of the shaft shoulder fastening bolt and the stirring body fastening bolt are both 5-8mm, and the extension range of the inner side shaft shoulder is 0-5 mm.
Furthermore, the outer diameter of the inner side shaft shoulder is 8-12mm, the inner diameter is 3-6mm, the bottom end face of the inner side shaft shoulder is provided with an inner concave transition shoulder face, the inner side and the outer side of the inner concave transition shoulder face are respectively an inner shoulder face and an outer shoulder face, the width of the inner concave transition shoulder face is 0.5-1mm, the height of the inner concave transition shoulder face from the outer shoulder face is 1.5-2mm, and the height of the inner concave transition shoulder face from the inner shoulder face is 0.5-1 mm.
Furthermore, the width, the depth and the distance between the two annular heat dissipation grooves on the outer shaft shoulder are all 2-4 mm.
Furthermore, the length of the stirring body is 5-10mm longer than that of the shaft shoulder at the inner side, the stirring needle is a cone, the length of the stirring needle is 1-8mm, the included angle between the conical surface of the stirring needle and the axis of the stirring body is 12-18 degrees, right-handed threads are arranged on the surface of the cone, and the thread pitch of the right-handed threads is 0.35-0.85 mm.
A method for realizing primary welding synchronous secondary reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding by using the welding tool specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: cleaning a plate to be welded and fixing the plate on a rigid supporting platform;
step 2: assembling a welding tool, and setting the press-in amount of the inner shaft shoulder and the stirring pin;
step 21: arranging an inner side shaft shoulder in the vertical clamping hole, arranging a shaft shoulder adjusting bolt in the first threaded through hole, adjusting the elongation of the inner side shaft shoulder by rotating the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt, and fastening the inner side shaft shoulder by a shaft shoulder fastening bolt; step 22: arranging the stirring body in the accommodating through hole, arranging the pin length adjusting bolt in the second threaded through hole, adjusting the elongation of the stirring pin by rotating the pin length adjusting bolt, and fastening the stirring body by the stirring body fastening bolt;
and step 3: installing a welding tool, starting friction stir welding equipment, and adjusting the position of a stirring head to enable the stirring head to be positioned right above the center of a welding line;
and 4, step 4: setting the rotating speed and the welding speed of a welding tool, and keeping the zero pressing-in amount of the outer shaft shoulder and the surface of the base metal to be welded for welding;
and 5: and taking down the welding test piece after welding, and completing the processes of primary welding, synchronous secondary reshaping and thinning-free friction stir welding.
Compared with the prior art, the once-welding synchronous secondary reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding tool and the welding method have the following advantages:
the invention relates to a primary welding synchronous secondary reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding tool and a welding method,
the combined stirring head is adopted, the inner shaft shoulder is provided with enough pressing amount, and the outer shaft shoulder and the surface of a base metal to be welded keep zero pressing amount, so that the heat input of the shaft shoulder can be reduced, a heat affected zone is reduced, and the mechanical property of a joint is improved.
And secondly, the zero pressing amount of the outer shaft shoulder fundamentally inhibits welding seam flash and welding seam thinning.
The extension amounts of the stirring pin and the inner side shaft shoulder can be respectively adjusted through the adjusting bolts arranged in the tail parts of the two clamping handles, the welding fixture has higher adaptability to welding of members with different plate thicknesses, and the optimization of a process window can be flexibly realized.
And fourthly, material increase before welding and post-welding treatment are not needed, so that the welding efficiency can be effectively improved, and the welding cost is reduced.
And fifthly, the welding tool is simple and easy to operate, and the inner and outer shoulders rotating synchronously effectively avoid the ditch-shaped defect caused by insufficient fluidity of the surface material of the welding seam.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a primary welding synchronous secondary reforming thinning-free friction stir welding tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an inner shoulder in a primary welding synchronous secondary reforming thinning-free friction stir welding tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of I in fig. 1.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a soldering tool holder, 1-1-a grip handle, 1-1-1-a soldering tool holding surface, 1-1-2-a first threaded through hole, 1-2-an outer shoulder, 1-2-1 an annular heat sink, 1-2-2-a vertical holding hole, 1-2-3-a concave shoulder surface, 1-2-4-a third threaded through hole, 2-an inner shoulder, 2-1-an accommodating through hole, 2-2-a horizontal holding hole, 2-3-an inner shoulder holding surface, 2-4 an inner concave transition shoulder surface, 3-a soldering body, 3-1-a soldering pin holder holding surface, 3-2-a soldering pin, 4-shaft shoulder adjusting bolt, 4-1-second threaded through hole, 5-needle length adjusting bolt, 6-shaft shoulder fastening bolt and 7-stirring body fastening bolt.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a once-welding synchronous secondary reshaping non-thinning friction stir welding tool comprises a welding tool clamping body 1, an inner side shaft shoulder 2, a stirring body 3, a shaft shoulder adjusting bolt 4, a needle length adjusting bolt 5, a shaft shoulder fastening bolt 6 and a stirring body fastening bolt 7, wherein the welding tool clamping body 1 comprises a clamping handle 1-1 and an outer side shaft shoulder 1-2 which are integrally formed and coaxially arranged, and the outer side shaft shoulder 1-2 is arranged at the lower part of the clamping handle 1-1;
a first thread through hole 1-1-2 is arranged at the axle center of the clamping handle 1-1, the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt 4 is arranged in the first thread through hole 1-1-2, a second thread through hole 4-1 is arranged at the axle center of the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt 4, the needle length adjusting bolt 5 is arranged in the second thread through hole 4-1, a vertical clamping hole 1-2-2 is arranged at the axle center of the outer shaft shoulder 1-2, the lower end surface of the outer shaft shoulder 1-2 is a concave shaft shoulder surface 1-2-3 with the outer edge higher than the center, the inner shaft shoulder 2 is arranged in the vertical clamping hole 1-2-2, the upper end surface of the inner shaft shoulder 2 is abutted against the lower end surface of the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt 4, the lower end of the inner shaft shoulder 2 is exposed outside the lower end surface of the outer shaft shoulder 1-2, the axial center of the inner side shaft shoulder 2 is provided with a containing through hole 2-1, the stirring body 3 is arranged in the containing through hole 2-1, the stirring body 3 comprises a stirring needle seat 3-1 and a stirring needle 3-2 which are coaxially and integrally formed, the upper end surface of the stirring needle seat 3-1 is abutted against the lower end surface of the needle length adjusting bolt 5, the stirring needle 3-2 is exposed out of the lower end surface of the inner side shaft shoulder 2, the extension amount of the inner side shaft shoulder 2 is adjusted by rotating the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt 4, the extension amount of the stirring body 3 is adjusted by rotating the needle length adjusting bolt 5, the inner side shaft shoulder 2 is locked by the shaft shoulder fastening bolt 6, and the stirring body 3 is locked by the stirring body fastening bolt 7.
The side wall of a vertical clamping hole 1-2-2 of the outer side shaft shoulder 1-2 is provided with two third threaded through holes 1-2-4 vertical to the central axis of the outer side shaft shoulder, the side wall of a containing through hole 2-1 of the inner side shaft shoulder 2 is provided with a horizontal clamping hole 2-2 vertical to the central axis of the inner side shaft shoulder, the horizontal clamping hole 2-2 is in opposite communication with one third threaded through hole 1-2-4, the outer surface of the inner side shaft shoulder 2 is provided with an inner side shaft shoulder clamping surface 2-3, the inner side shaft shoulder clamping surface 2-3 is in opposite communication with the other third threaded through hole 1-2-4, a shaft shoulder fastening bolt 6 passes through the third threaded through hole 1-2-4 and abuts against the inner side shaft shoulder clamping surface 2-3 to fix the inner side shaft shoulder 2, and the outer surface of the stirring needle seat 3-1 is provided with a stirring needle seat clamping surface 3-1, the stirring body fastening bolt 7 passes through the horizontal clamping hole 2-2 and the third threaded through hole 1-2-4 which is right opposite to the horizontal clamping hole 2-2 and then abuts against the stirring needle seat clamping surface 3-1-1 to realize the fixation of the stirring body 3.
The diameter of the clamping handle 1-1 is smaller than that of the outer shaft shoulder 1-2, the outer surface of the clamping handle 1-1 is provided with a welding tool clamping surface 1-1-1, the outer surface of the outer shaft shoulder 1-2 is provided with an upper annular heat dissipation groove 1-2-1 and a lower annular heat dissipation groove 1-2-1, and the outer shaft shoulder 1-2 below the two annular heat dissipation grooves 1-2-1 is of an inverted cone structure.
The diameter of the first threaded through hole 1-1-2 is 0.5-2mm larger than that of the vertical clamping hole 1-2-2, and the diameter of the second threaded through hole 4-1 of the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt 4 is 0.2-1mm larger than that of the stirring needle seat 3-1.
The lower end face of the outer side shaft shoulder 1-2 is a concave shaft shoulder face 1-2-3 with the outer edge higher than the center, the diameter of the outer edge of the concave shaft shoulder face 1-2-3 is 10-30mm, the inner concave angle is 6-10 degrees, the inner concave face can contain thermoplastic materials overflowing due to extrusion of the inner side shaft shoulder and the stirring pin, and welding seam flash is avoided.
The horizontal clamping holes 2-2 on the inner side shaft shoulder 2 are arranged to be straight groove openings, the length of the upper edge and the lower edge of each straight groove opening is 10-15mm, the straight groove openings can be arranged to adjust the up-and-down movement of the inner side shaft shoulder 2 under the condition that the shaft shoulder fastening bolts 6 fasten the stirring body 3, the diameters of the shaft shoulder fastening bolts 6 and the stirring body fastening bolts 7 are both 5-8mm, and the adjusting range of the elongation of the inner side shaft shoulder 2 is 0-5 mm.
The outer diameter of the inner side shaft shoulder 2 is 8-12mm, the inner diameter is 3-6mm, the bottom end face of the inner side shaft shoulder 2 is provided with an inner concave transition shoulder face 2-4, the inner side and the outer side of the inner concave transition shoulder face 2-4 are respectively an inner shoulder face and an outer shoulder face, the width of the inner concave transition shoulder face 2-4 is 0.5-1mm, the distance between the inner concave transition shoulder face 2-4 and the outer shoulder face is 1.5-2mm, and the distance between the inner concave transition shoulder face and the inner shoulder face is 0.5-1mm, so that the inner side shaft shoulder 2 can generate heat through friction, guide material flow and extrude the material.
The width, the depth and the distance of the two annular heat dissipation grooves 1-2-1 on the outer shaft shoulder 1-2 are all 2-4mm, and the design can ensure the best heat dissipation effect.
The length of the stirring body 3 is 5-10mm longer than that of the inner side shaft shoulder 2, the stirring needle 3-2 is a cone, the length of the stirring needle 3-2 is 1-8mm, the included angle between the conical surface of the stirring needle 3-2 and the axis of the stirring body is 12-18 degrees, right-handed threads are arranged on the surface of the cone, and the thread pitch of the right-handed threads is 0.35-0.85 mm.
A method for realizing primary welding synchronous secondary reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding by using the welding tool specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: cleaning a plate to be welded and fixing the plate on a rigid supporting platform;
step 2: assembling a welding tool, and setting the press-in amount of the inner shaft shoulder 2 and the stirring pin 3-2;
step 21: arranging the inner side shaft shoulder 2 in the vertical clamping hole 1-2-2, arranging a shaft shoulder adjusting bolt 4 in the first threaded through hole 1-1-2, adjusting the elongation of the inner side shaft shoulder 2 through a rotating shaft shoulder adjusting bolt 4, and fastening the inner side shaft shoulder 2 through a shaft shoulder fastening bolt 6; step 22: arranging the stirring body 3 in the accommodating through hole 2-1, arranging the pin length adjusting bolt 5 in the second threaded through hole 4-1, adjusting the elongation of the stirring pin 3-2 by rotating the pin length adjusting bolt 5, and fastening the stirring body 3 by the stirring body fastening bolt 7;
and step 3: installing a welding tool, starting friction stir welding equipment, and adjusting the position of a stirring head to enable the stirring head to be positioned right above the center of a welding line;
and 4, step 4: setting the rotating speed of a welding tool and the welding speed, wherein the rotating speed of the welding tool is 1-10000rpm, the welding speed is 1-1000mm/min, and the outer shaft shoulder 1-2 and the surface of a base metal to be welded keep zero indentation for welding;
and 5: and taking down the welding test piece after welding, and completing the processes of primary welding, synchronous secondary reshaping and thinning-free friction stir welding.
The once welding synchronous twice reshaping non-thinning friction stir welding tool and the welding method are suitable for the connection of the same and different materials.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a synchronous secondary of a welding takes shape no attenuate friction stir welding utensil which characterized in that: the welding tool clamping device comprises a welding tool clamping body (1), an inner side shaft shoulder (2), a stirring body (3), a shaft shoulder adjusting bolt (4), a needle length adjusting bolt (5), a shaft shoulder fastening bolt (6) and a stirring body fastening bolt (7), wherein the welding tool clamping body (1) comprises a clamping handle (1-1) and an outer side shaft shoulder (1-2) which are integrally formed and coaxially arranged, and the outer side shaft shoulder (1-2) is arranged at the lower part of the clamping handle (1-1);
a first threaded through hole (1-1-2) is arranged at the axis of the clamping handle (1-1), the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt (4) is arranged in the first threaded through hole (1-1-2), a second threaded through hole (4-1) is arranged at the axis of the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt (4), the needle length adjusting bolt (5) is arranged in the second threaded through hole (4-1), a vertical clamping hole (1-2-2) is arranged at the axis of the outer side shaft shoulder (1-2), the lower end face of the outer side shaft shoulder (1-2) is a concave shaft shoulder face (1-2-3) with the outer edge higher than the center, the inner side shaft shoulder (2) is arranged in the vertical clamping hole (1-2-2), and the upper end face of the inner side shaft shoulder (2) is abutted against the lower end face of the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt (4), the lower end of the inner shaft shoulder (2) is exposed out of the lower end surface of the outer shaft shoulder (1-2), the axle center of the inner shaft shoulder (2) is provided with a containing through hole (2-1), the stirring body (3) is arranged in the accommodating through hole (2-1), the stirring body (3) comprises a stirring needle seat (3-1) and a stirring needle (3-2) which are coaxially and integrally formed, the upper end face of the stirring needle seat (3-1) is abutted to the lower end face of the needle length adjusting bolt (5), the stirring needle (3-2) is exposed out of the lower end face of the inner side shaft shoulder (2), the extension amount of the inner side shaft shoulder (2) is adjusted by rotating the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt (4), the extension amount of the stirring body (3) is adjusted by rotating the needle length adjusting bolt (5), the inner side shaft shoulder (2) is locked by the shaft shoulder fastening bolt (6), and the stirring body (3) is locked by the stirring body fastening bolt (7).
2. The primary-welding synchronous secondary-reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding set according to claim 1, characterized in that: two third threaded through holes (1-2-4) vertical to the axle wire of the outer shaft shoulder (1-2) are arranged on the side wall of a vertical clamping hole (1-2-2) of the outer shaft shoulder (1-2), a horizontal clamping hole (2-2) vertical to the axle wire of the inner shaft shoulder is arranged on the side wall of a containing through hole (2-1) of the inner shaft shoulder (2), the horizontal clamping hole (2-2) is in opposite communication with one third threaded through hole (1-2-4), an inner shaft shoulder clamping surface (2-3) is arranged on the outer surface of the inner shaft shoulder (2), the inner shaft shoulder clamping surface (2-3) is in opposite communication with the other third threaded through hole (1-2-4), and a shaft shoulder fastening bolt (6) passes through the third threaded through hole (1-2-4) and then abuts against the inner shaft shoulder clamping surface (2-3) to fix the inner shaft shoulder (2), the outer surface of the stirring needle seat (3-1) is provided with a stirring needle seat clamping surface (3-1-1), and a stirring body fastening bolt (7) passes through the horizontal clamping hole (2-2) and a third threaded through hole (1-2-4) which is right opposite to the horizontal clamping hole (2-2) and then abuts against the stirring needle seat clamping surface (3-1-1) to realize the fixation of the stirring body (3).
3. The primary-welding synchronous secondary-reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding set according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer diameter of the clamping handle (1-1) is smaller than that of the outer side shaft shoulder (1-2), a welding tool clamping surface (1-1-1) is arranged on the outer surface of the clamping handle (1-1), an upper annular heat dissipation groove and a lower annular heat dissipation groove (1-2-1) are arranged on the outer surface of the outer side shaft shoulder (1-2), and the outer side shaft shoulder (1-2) below the two annular heat dissipation grooves (1-2-1) is of an inverted cone structure.
4. The primary-welding synchronous secondary-reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding set according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the first threaded through hole (1-1-2) is 0.5-2mm larger than that of the vertical clamping hole (1-2-2), and the diameter of the second threaded through hole (4-1) of the shaft shoulder adjusting bolt (4) is 0.2-1mm larger than that of the stirring needle seat (3-1).
5. The primary-welding synchronous secondary-reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding set according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower end face of the outer side shaft shoulder (1-2) is a concave shaft shoulder face (1-2-3) with the outer edge higher than the center, the inner concave angle is 6-10 degrees, and the diameter of the outer edge of the concave shaft shoulder face (1-2-3) is 10-30 mm.
6. The primary-welding synchronous secondary-reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding set according to claim 2, characterized in that: the horizontal clamping holes (2-2) on the inner side shaft shoulder (2) are straight groove openings, the lengths of the upper edge and the lower edge of each straight groove opening are 10-15mm, the diameters of the shaft shoulder fastening bolts (6) and the stirring body fastening bolts (7) are both 5-8mm, and the extension range of the inner side shaft shoulder (2) is 0-5 mm.
7. The primary-welding synchronous secondary-reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding set according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer diameter of the inner side shaft shoulder (2) is 8-12mm, the inner diameter is 3-6mm, an inner concave transition shoulder surface (2-4) is arranged on the bottom end surface of the inner side shaft shoulder (2), the inner side and the outer side of the inner concave transition shoulder surface (2-4) are respectively an inner shoulder surface and an outer shoulder surface, the width of the inner concave transition shoulder surface (2-4) is 0.5-1mm, the height of the inner concave transition shoulder surface (2-4) from the outer shoulder surface is 1.5-2mm, and the height from the inner shoulder surface is 0.5-1 mm.
8. The primary-welding synchronous secondary-reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding set according to claim 3, wherein: the width, the depth and the distance between the two annular heat dissipation grooves (1-2-1) on the outer shaft shoulder (1-2) are all 2-4 mm.
9. The primary-welding synchronous secondary-reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding set according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the stirring body (3) is 5-10mm longer than that of the inner side shaft shoulder (2), the stirring needle (3-2) is a cone, the length of the stirring needle (3-2) is 1-8mm, the included angle between the conical surface of the stirring needle (3-2) and the axis of the stirring body is 12-18 degrees, right-handed threads are arranged on the surface of the cone, and the thread pitch of the right-handed threads is 0.35-0.85 mm.
10. The primary welding synchronous secondary reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding method adopts the primary welding synchronous secondary reshaping thinning-free friction stir welding tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: cleaning a plate to be welded and fixing the plate on a rigid supporting platform;
step 2: assembling a welding tool, and setting the pressing amount of the inner side shaft shoulder (2) and the stirring pin (3-2);
step 21: arranging the inner side shaft shoulder (2) in the vertical clamping hole (1-2-2), arranging a shaft shoulder adjusting bolt (4) in the first threaded through hole (1-1-2), adjusting the elongation of the inner side shaft shoulder (2) through the rotating shaft shoulder adjusting bolt (4), and fastening the inner side shaft shoulder (2) through a shaft shoulder fastening bolt (6);
step 22: arranging the stirring body (3) in the accommodating through hole (2-1), arranging the pin length adjusting bolt (5) in the second threaded through hole (4-1), adjusting the elongation of the stirring pin (3-2) by rotating the pin length adjusting bolt (5), and fastening the stirring body (3) by the stirring body fastening bolt (7);
and step 3: installing a welding tool, starting friction stir welding equipment, and adjusting the position of a stirring body to enable the stirring body to be positioned right above the center of a welding line;
and 4, step 4: setting the rotating speed and the welding speed of a welding tool, and keeping the outer shaft shoulder (1-2) and the surface of the base metal to be welded at zero pressing-in amount for welding;
and 5: and taking down the welding test piece after welding, and completing the processes of primary welding, synchronous secondary reshaping and thinning-free friction stir welding.
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| KR102265585B1 (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2021-06-15 | 안동대학교 산학협력단 | Friction Stir Welding(FSW) Tool with Adjustable Probe Length and Depth of Shoulder Groove |
| CN114734134A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-07-12 | 航天工程装备（苏州）有限公司 | High-speed micro-shoulder friction stir welding method and system for aluminum alloy ultrathin plate |
| CN115319265A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-11-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Welding tool for realizing heat balance in thickness direction of welding seam and friction stir welding method |
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| US7703654B2 (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2010-04-27 | The Boeing Company | Counter-rotating spindle for friction stir welding |
| US20090120995A1 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-05-14 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | Friction stir weld tools, methods of manufacturing such tools, and methods of thin sheet bonding using such tools |
| JP2011240398A (en) * | 2010-05-21 | 2011-12-01 | Nihon Univ | Butt joined member of sheet without causing thickness reduction |
| CN204975678U (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2016-01-20 | 昆山斯格威电子科技有限公司 | Desk -top friction stir spot welding device |
| CN204975679U (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2016-01-20 | 昆山斯格威电子科技有限公司 | Can reduce friction stir connecting device of overlap |
| CN106077946A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-11-09 | 上海航天设备制造总厂 | A kind of postwelding material surface is without thinning New type agitation friction welding (FW) soldering set |
| CN206382700U (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-08-08 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | A kind of combined type dead axle shoulder friction stir welding tool |
| CN107442927B (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2019-04-23 | 天津大学 | A kind of backfill formula friction stir spot welding mainshaft head mechanism in situ |
| CN109967857B (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2021-03-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Friction stir welding tool for realizing large depth-width ratio low-impedance welding |
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