CN110772913A - Waste gas treatment device - Google Patents

Waste gas treatment device Download PDF

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CN110772913A
CN110772913A CN201910944925.4A CN201910944925A CN110772913A CN 110772913 A CN110772913 A CN 110772913A CN 201910944925 A CN201910944925 A CN 201910944925A CN 110772913 A CN110772913 A CN 110772913A
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waste gas
spray
layer
water tank
spraying
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周永毅
李云飞
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Guangzhou Purple Cape Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Guangzhou Purple Cape Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D50/00Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D50/40Combinations of devices covered by groups B01D45/00 and B01D47/00
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/38Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/40Acidic components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/52Hydrogen sulfide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84Biological processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8668Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8678Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/8687Organic components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a waste gas treatment device, which comprises a primary spray washing device, a secondary spray washing device, a microbial degradation device, a first dehydration demisting device, a composite photocatalysis device, a tertiary spray washing device, a second dehydration demisting device, an odor control box and a chimney which are sequentially communicated through a pipeline, wherein a centrifugal fan for sucking waste gas is also arranged between the odor control box and the chimney so as to discharge the extracted waste gas through the chimney. According to the invention, under the action of the centrifugal fan, mixed waste gas sequentially enters the primary spray washing device, the secondary spray washing device, the microbial degradation device, the first dehydration demisting device, the composite photocatalysis device, the tertiary spray washing device, the second dehydration demisting device and the odor control box, so that various waste gas pollutants are purified, the purification efficiency of various waste gas pollutants is improved, and the waste gas treatment device can bear large waste gas concentration and component load, and has high systematicness and strong practicability.

Description

Waste gas treatment device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste gas treatment, in particular to a waste gas treatment device.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy in China, the pollution to the atmospheric environment is more serious. A large amount of waste gas pollutants in the industries of pesticide, chemical industry, pharmacy and the like usually contain a plurality of organic matters, acidic pollutants and malodorous pollutants, and because the atmospheric pollutants are numerous, the pollutants not only contain NH 3、SO 2The acidic and alkaline pollutants comprise various organic matters such as benzene, amine, alcohol, ester, aldehyde, ether and phenol, and malodorous pollutants such as sulfur compounds, terpenes, toluene, xylene, non-methane total hydrocarbons, VOCs and sulfur compounds.
At present, the odor control techniques applied at home and abroad mainly include a dry neutralization method, an ion deodorization method, an absorption method, an adsorption method, a composite active oxygen method, a regenerative thermal oxidation method, an active carbon adsorption method, a micronutrient element decomposition method, a combustion method, a condensation method and the like. However, due to the diversity of pollutants in the mixed waste gas, the pollution components are complex and changeable, the pollution concentration is high, part of the gas is toxic, the pungent smell is large, the serious pollution is brought to the atmosphere, and the great harm is caused to the physical and mental health of people. In the face of the mixed waste gas with complex components, numerous compositions and high pollution concentration, the traditional single treatment technology or equipment obviously cannot solve the problems. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a treatment device capable of purifying various exhaust pollutants, which satisfies the current rapid market demand and improves the treatment technical level of mixed pollutants.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an exhaust gas treatment device capable of purifying various exhaust gas pollutants so as to improve the purification efficiency of the various exhaust gas pollutants.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a waste gas treatment device comprises a primary spraying and washing device which is communicated in sequence through a pipeline and used for removing dust, particulate matters and water-soluble molecules in waste gas; a secondary spraying and washing device for removing hydrogen sulfide and acidic molecules contained in the waste gas; a microbial degradation device for removing components which are easily degraded by microbes and removing peculiar smell; the first dehydration demisting device is used for reducing the humidity in the waste gas; the composite photocatalysis device is used for removing benzene series, non-methane total hydrocarbons, VOCs and decomposed molecular unstable components in the waste gas; the three-stage spraying and washing device is used for removing water-soluble components in the waste gas and reducing the concentration of peculiar smell of the waste gas; the second dehydration demisting device is used for removing water vapor in the waste gas; a peculiar smell control box for removing the molecules with small molecular weight and volatile molecules; a chimney for discharging exhaust gas; and a centrifugal fan for sucking waste gas is further arranged between the peculiar smell control box and the chimney so that the extracted waste gas is discharged through the chimney.
Further, the one-level spraying and washing device comprises a first spraying tower and a first water tank, the first water tank is arranged at the bottom of the first spraying tower, a first air inlet used for waste gas to enter is formed in the lower portion of the first spraying tower, a first air outlet used for waste gas to go out is formed in the top of the first spraying tower, a first packing layer is arranged in the first spraying tower, a first spraying system communicated with the first water tank is arranged above the first packing layer, and a first circulating pump is arranged between the first spraying system and the first water tank so as to extract spraying liquid in the first water tank to be sprayed on the first packing layer through the first circulating pump.
Furthermore, the second-stage spraying and washing device is an alkali liquor washing device and comprises a second spraying tower and a second water tank, the second water tank is arranged at the bottom of the second spraying tower, a second air inlet is formed in the lower portion of the second spraying tower, a second air outlet is formed in the top of the second spraying tower, waste gas enters the second spraying tower from the position of the second air inlet through the first air outlet, a second packing layer is arranged in the first spraying tower, a second spraying system communicated with the second water tank is arranged above the second packing layer, and a second circulating pump is arranged between the second spraying system and the second water tank so as to extract alkali liquor in the second water tank through the second circulating pump and spray the alkali liquor on the second packing layer.
Further, the microbial degradation device comprises a biological filler layer, a biological filter and a spraying and humidifying circulation system, wherein the biological filler layer is arranged in the biological filter, and the spraying and humidifying circulation system is communicated with the biological filter and can be used for controlling the humidity of the biological filler layer.
Further, the composite photocatalytic device comprises a shell, a polypropylene fiber filter screen layer, a carbon fiber screen layer, a titanium dioxide nickel screen layer and an ultraviolet lamp, wherein the polypropylene fiber filter screen layer, the carbon fiber screen layer, the titanium dioxide nickel screen layer and the ultraviolet lamp are arranged in the shell from top to bottom.
Further, the titanium dioxide nickel mesh layer comprises a foamed metal nickel loading layer and a titanium dioxide nano layer loaded on the foamed metal nickel loading layer.
Further, tertiary washing device that sprays includes that the flow washes pond, third packing layer, third circulating pump, third spraying system and liquid reserve tank, the third packing layer is located in the flow washes the pond, deodorant liquid is equipped with in the liquid reserve tank, just the liquid reserve tank passes through the pipeline intercommunication the flow washes the pond, third spraying system locates the top of third packing layer and with the liquid reserve tank intercommunication, the third circulating pump is located third spraying system with between the liquid reserve tank to deodorant liquid that is used for extracting in the liquid reserve tank passes through third spraying system sprays on the third packing layer.
Further, the peculiar smell control box is provided with a deodorization dialysis membrane inside, one end of the peculiar smell control box is provided with an air inlet, and the other end of the peculiar smell control box is provided with an air outlet.
Further, the deodorization dialysis membrane is a one-way dialysis membrane wrapped with odor removing liquid.
Further, the height of the chimney is more than or equal to 15 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
under the action of a centrifugal fan, mixed waste gas enters a primary spraying and washing device, and is treated by the primary spraying and washing device to remove dust, particulate matters and water-soluble molecules in the waste gas; the waste gas enters a secondary spraying and washing device, and hydrogen sulfide and acidic molecules in the waste gas are removed through treatment of the secondary spraying and washing device; the waste gas enters a microbial degradation device, and after the waste gas is treated by the microbial degradation device to remove components which are easily degraded by microbes and remove peculiar smell; the waste gas enters a first dehydration demisting device for dehydration demisting, so that the humidity in the waste gas is reduced; after dehydration, the waste gas enters a composite photocatalysis device, and after benzene series, non-methane total hydrocarbons, VOCs and unstable decomposed molecular components in the waste gas are removed by the composite photocatalysis device; the waste gas enters a three-stage spraying and washing device, and the components which are easy to dissolve in water in the waste gas are removed and the peculiar smell concentration of the waste gas is reduced through the three-stage spraying and washing device; the waste gas enters a second dehydration demisting device, and dehydration treatment is carried out again to remove water vapor in the waste gas; finally, waste gas enters into the peculiar smell control box, gets rid of the molecule that molecular weight is little and volatile through the peculiar smell control box, thoroughly clears away the peculiar smell to purify multiple exhaust gas pollutant, with the purification efficiency who has improved multiple exhaust gas pollutant, and the exhaust gas concentration and the composition load that this waste gas treatment device can bear are big, and systematic nature is high and the practicality is stronger.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a primary spray washing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary spray washing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a microbial degradation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a composite photocatalytic device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-stage spray washing device in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a primary spray washing device; 10. a first spray tower; 100. a first air inlet; 101. a first air outlet; 102. a first filler layer; 103. a first circulation pump; 104. a first water tank; 105. a first spray system; 2. a secondary spray washing device; 20. a second spray tower; 200. a second air inlet; 201. a second air outlet; 202. a second packing layer; 203. a second circulation pump; 204. a second water tank; 205. a second spray system; 3. a microbial degradation device; 30. a bio-trickling filter bed; 300. a biological filler layer; 301. an output port; 31. a spraying and humidifying circulating system; 310. a shower head; 311. a water circulating pump; 312. a nutrition pool; 4. a first dewatering and demisting device; 5. a composite photocatalytic device; 50. a housing; 500. a polypropylene fiber filter screen layer; 501. a carbon fiber mesh layer; 502. a titanium dioxide nickel mesh layer; 503. an ultraviolet lamp; 504. a third air inlet; 6. a third stage spray washing device; 60. a flow washing tank; 600. a support plate; 6000. a third packing layer; 601. a third spray system; 602. a third circulation pump; 603. a liquid storage tank; 7. a second dewatering and demisting device; 8. a peculiar smell control box; 80. an air inlet; 81. an air outlet; 810. a centrifugal fan; 9. and (4) a chimney.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that, in the following description, various embodiments or technical features may be arbitrarily combined to form a new embodiment without conflict.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "horizontal", "vertical", "top", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, or through both elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The implementation mode is as follows:
referring to fig. 1, the present invention shows a waste gas treatment device, comprising a primary spray washing device 1 for removing dust, particulate matter and water-soluble molecules in waste gas, which are sequentially communicated through a pipeline; a secondary spraying and washing device 2 for removing hydrogen sulfide and acidic molecules contained in the waste gas; a microbial degradation device 3 for removing components easily degraded by microbes and removing peculiar smell; a first dehydration demisting device 4 for reducing the humidity in the exhaust gas; the composite photocatalysis device 5 is used for removing benzene series, non-methane total hydrocarbons, VOCs and decomposition molecule unstable components in the waste gas; a three-level spray washing device 6 for removing water-soluble components in the waste gas and reducing the concentration of peculiar smell of the waste gas; a second dehydration demisting device 7 for removing water vapor in the waste gas; a peculiar smell control box 8 for removing the molecules with small molecular weight and volatile molecules; a stack 9 for discharging exhaust gas; a centrifugal fan 810 for sucking the waste gas is further disposed between the odor control box 8 and the chimney 9, so that the sucked waste gas is discharged through the chimney 9.
When the device is used, under the action of the centrifugal fan 810, mixed waste gas enters the primary spraying and washing device 1, and is treated by the primary spraying and washing device 1 to remove dust, particulate matters and water-soluble molecules in the waste gas; the waste gas enters a secondary spraying and washing device 2, and after the waste gas is treated by the secondary spraying and washing device 2 to remove hydrogen sulfide and acidic molecules; the waste gas enters the microbial degradation device 3, and after the waste gas is treated by the microbial degradation device 3 to remove components which are easily degraded by microbes and remove peculiar smell; the waste gas enters the first dehydration demisting device 4 for dehydration demisting, so that the humidity in the waste gas is reduced; after dehydration, the waste gas enters a composite photocatalysis device 5, and after benzene series, non-methane total hydrocarbons, VOCs and unstable decomposed molecular components in the waste gas are removed by the composite photocatalysis device 5; the waste gas enters a three-level spraying and washing device 6, and the components which are easy to dissolve in water in the waste gas are removed and the peculiar smell concentration of the waste gas is reduced through the three-level spraying and washing device 6; the waste gas enters a second dehydration demisting device 7, and dehydration treatment is carried out again to remove water vapor in the waste gas; finally, waste gas enters into peculiar smell control box 8, gets rid of the molecule that molecular weight is little and volatile through peculiar smell control box 8, thoroughly clears away the peculiar smell to purify multiple exhaust gas pollutant, with the purification efficiency who has improved multiple exhaust gas pollutant, and the exhaust gas concentration and the composition load that this waste gas treatment device can bear are big, and systematic nature is high and the practicality is stronger.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the primary spray washing device 1 includes a first spray tower 10 and a first water tank 104, the first water tank 104 is filled with a sodium hypochlorite solution, namely, sodium hypochlorite solution is used as the cleaning solution, the first water tank 104 is arranged at the bottom of the first spray tower 10, the lower portion of the first spray tower 10 is provided with a first gas inlet 100 for the entry of the exhaust gas, a first gas outlet 101 for discharging waste gas is arranged at the top of the first spray tower 10, a first filler layer 102 is arranged in the first spray tower 10, and a first spraying system 105 communicated with the first water tank 104 is arranged above the first filler layer 102, a first circulating pump 103 is arranged between the first spraying system 105 and the first water tank 104, so that the spray liquid in the first water tank 104 is pumped by the first circulating pump 103 to spray on the first filler layer 102.
Under the action of a centrifugal fan 810, waste gas containing multiple pollutants enters a first spray tower 10 from a first air inlet 100, a first circulating pump 103 pumps sodium hypochlorite cleaning solution in a first water tank 104 to spray on a first filler layer 102, the waste gas entering the first spray tower 10 passes through the first filler layer 102 to fully contact and react with the sodium hypochlorite cleaning solution, the sodium hypochlorite cleaning solution is in gas-liquid contact with odor molecules in the waste gas, so that odor components in the gas phase are transferred to a liquid phase, odor substances are removed by neutralization, oxidation or other chemical reactions of chemical agents and the odor components, dust, particulate matters and water-soluble molecules in the waste gas are removed, and when high-concentration odor is treated, the concentration (effective chlorine concentration) of the sodium hypochlorite solution is about 500-2000 ppm; and when the odor with lower concentration is treated, the concentration of the sodium hypochlorite solution is about 50-500 ppm.
1) Sodium hypochlorite in solution in the form of hypochlorous acid (HClO): NaClO + H 2O→HClO+NaOH;
2) At pH 7.5, the available chlorine of the hypochlorite solution is 50% HClO and hypochlorite ion (ClO) -) (ii) present;
3) at PH l0, only 0.3% available chlorine is present as HClO;
4) at PH l1 or 12, HClO is almost completely dissociated into useless hypochlorite ions;
H 2the reaction equation of S with chemical media (NaOH, NaOCl) is as follows:
when the pH value is more than 7, NaClO +2NaOH + H 2S→4NaCl+Na 2SO 4+2H 2O
NaHS+NaClO→S+NaCl+NaOH
2CH 3SNa+NaClO+H 20=CH 3SSCH 3+NaCl+2NaOH
At pH < 7, NaClO + H 2S→Na 2S 4+H 2O
Removing dust, particulate matters and water-soluble molecules in the waste gas through the series of reactions, and removing CH 3SSCH 3The solution is still a malodorous substance and is insoluble in water, and the solution must be acidified to change hypochlorite into neutral hypochlorous acid molecules, or heated to promote release of nascent chlorine [ Cl ]]Can the dimethyl disulfide be thoroughly oxidized into odorless substances; CH (CH) 3SSCH 3Adding HClO or nascent chlorine [ Cl ]]Is converted into CH 3SO 3H。
It should be noted that the first filler layer 102 is a gas-liquid mass transfer medium, and is mainly used to ensure that gas is in full contact with and fully reacts with the sodium hypochlorite cleaning solution, and the waste gas after the reaction with the sodium hypochlorite cleaning solution is conveyed to the secondary spraying and washing device 2 through the first gas outlet 101 under the action of the centrifugal fan 810.
Further, referring to fig. 3, the secondary spray washing device 2 is an alkali liquor washing device, and includes a second spray tower 20 and a second water tank 204, the second water tank 204 is disposed at the bottom of the second spray tower 20, a second air inlet 200 is disposed at the lower portion of the second spray tower 20, a second air outlet 201 is disposed at the top of the second spray tower 20, the exhaust gas enters the second spray tower 20 from the position of the second air inlet 200 through the first air outlet 101, a second packing layer 202 is disposed in the first spray tower 10, a second spray system 205 communicated with the second water tank 204 is disposed above the second packing layer 202, a second circulation pump 203 is disposed between the second spray system 205 and the second water tank 204, so that the alkali liquor in the second water tank 204 is pumped by the second circulation pump 203 and sprayed on the second packing layer 202, the alkali liquor uses sodium hydroxide as washing liquid.
The waste gas treated by the primary spray washing device 1 is discharged from the first gas outlet 101 and enters the second spray tower 20 from the position of the second gas inlet 200, the second circulating pump 203 pumps the sodium hydroxide washing liquid in the second water tank 204 to spray on the second packing layer 202, the waste gas entering the second spray tower 20 passes through the second packing layer 202 to fully contact and react with the sodium hydroxide washing liquid, the sodium hydroxide washing liquid is in gas-liquid contact with odor molecules in the waste gas, so that the odor components in the gas phase are transferred to the liquid phase, and the odor substances are removed by neutralization, oxidation or other chemical reactions between chemical agents and the odor components, so that hydrogen sulfide and acidic molecules in the waste gas are removed. Hydrogen sulfide contained in the waste gas is weak acid and is ionized in water in a grading way, and hydrogen sulfuric acid is an aqueous solution of hydrogen sulfide gas, is a mixture and is volatile binary weak acid; ammonia is very soluble in aqueous solutions. The relevant reaction formula is as follows:
H 2S+H 2O=HS -+H 3O +
HS -+H 2O=S 2-+H 3O +
NH 3+H 2O=NH 3·H 2O
the NaOH solution has a good treatment effect on hydrogen sulfide, and the reaction formula is as follows:
H 2S+2NaOH=Na 2S+H 2O(H 2s quantity)
H 2S+NaOH=NaHS+H 2O(H 2S excess)
It should be noted that second filler layer 202 is also a gas-liquid mass transfer medium, and is mainly used to ensure that gas and sodium hydroxide washing liquid are fully contacted and fully reacted.
Under the action of the centrifugal fan 810, the waste gas treated by the primary spraying and washing device is conveyed to the microbial degradation device 3 through the second air outlet 201. Referring to fig. 4, the microbial degradation device 3 includes a bio-filler layer 300, a bio-filter (bio-trickling filter bed 30), and a spraying and humidifying circulation system 31, the bio-filler layer 300 is disposed in the bio-filter, wherein the bio-filler layer 300 can be made of crushed stone, plastic or ceramic, microbes are cultured on the surface of the filler, and the spraying and humidifying circulation system 31 is communicated with the bio-filter and can be used for controlling the humidity of the bio-filler layer 300. Specifically, the waste gas treated by the secondary spray washing device 2 enters the biological filter from the second gas outlet 201, and pollutants in the waste gas contact with microorganisms and are captured, degraded and oxidized by the microorganisms, so that the pollutants are decomposed into harmless CO 2And H 2O and inorganic substances such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and sulfuric acid and nitric acid are decomposed and oxidized into harmless substances by Thiobacillus and nitrobacteria.
Wherein, spray humidification circulation system 31 includes nutrition pond 312, circulating water pump 311 and shower head 310, the cell wall of biological filter is provided with delivery outlet 301 that is used for carrying the nutrient solution, delivery outlet 301 is located the bottom of biological packing layer 300, nutrition pond 312 utilizes the pipeline to pass through delivery outlet 301 with biological filter intercommunication, shower head 310 is located biological filter's top and through the pipeline with nutrition pond 312, circulating water pump 311 is located nutrition pond 312 with between the shower head 310 for the nutrient solution in the extraction nutrition pond 312 passes through shower head 310 sprays on biological packing layer 300. Namely, the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution pool 312 is pumped to the spray header 310 by the circulating water pump 311, and then is sprayed downwards by the spray header 310 above the biological filter, and trickles downwards along the biological filler layer 300, and the humidity of the bed is controlled. In addition, when the concentration of the waste gas is very low, the nutrient solution in the nutrient pool 312 is uniformly sprayed on the biological filler layer 300 by the circulating water pump 311 through the spray header 310, so that the microorganisms can absorb nutrient substances and grow and breed.
Of course, the nutrient solution is prepared in the nutrient pool 312, the nutrient components required by the microorganism can be supplemented by adding nutrient substances (such as inorganic salts containing nitrogen or phosphorus) into the nutrient pool 312, and the degradation conditions of the biological filter, such as the pH value, are also controlled in the nutrient pool 312. The malodorous gas enters the biological trickling filter 30 (biological filter), the odor molecules therein diffuse to the biomembrane formed on the surface of the biological filler layer 300, and the malodorous substances are converted through the physiological metabolism of microorganisms, so that the target pollutants are effectively decomposed and removed, and the purpose of treating the malodorous gas is achieved.
The deodorization process is mainly divided into the following stages:
1) and a gas-liquid diffusion stage: the pollutants in the odor are transferred from the gas phase to the liquid phase through a gas-liquid interface of the packing;
2) and a liquid-solid diffusion stage: malodorous substances diffuse to the surface of the microbial film, peculiar smell molecules in the waste gas diffuse to the biological film (solid phase) of the biological filler from a liquid phase, and pollutants are adsorbed and absorbed by microbes;
3) and a biological oxidation stage: the microorganism oxidizes and decomposes the malodorous substances, the microorganisms in the biological film formed on the surface of the biological filler oxidize odor molecules, and meanwhile, the biological film can cause the diffusion and absorption of nutrient substances such as nitrogen or phosphorus and oxygen.
The main reaction equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0002223880690000111
Figure BDA0002223880690000112
Figure BDA0002223880690000113
through the three stages, the malodorous substances are degraded by the metabolic activity of microorganisms, and the malodorous substances are oxidized into final products, namely, sulfur-containing malodorous substances are decomposed into S, SO 3 2-And SO 4 2-(ii) a The malodorous substances containing nitrogen are decomposed into NH 4 +、NO 3 -And NO 2 -(ii) a The malodorous substances without sulfur or nitrogen are decomposed into CO 2And H 2And O, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying the peculiar smell.
Because the waste gas treated by the primary spray washing device 1, the secondary spray washing device 2 and the microbial degradation device 3 is in a gas-liquid mixed state, most of water vapor in the gas is removed by high-efficiency dehydration and dehumidification layer treatment in order to avoid influencing the next treatment section, the mixed waste gas treated by the microbial degradation device 3 enters the first dehydration and demisting device 4, the first dehydration and demisting device 4 is preferably a demister, when the gas containing mist foam flows through the demister at a certain speed, the liquid drops collided with the corrugated plate of the demister are larger than the gravity generated by the liquid drops due to the inertia impact action of the gas, and when the resultant force of the rising force of the gas and the surface tension of the liquid is exceeded, the liquid drops are separated from the surface of the corrugated plate, thereby achieving the dehydration effect and further removing most of water in the waste gas, reducing the humidity in the exhaust gas.
The mixed waste gas dehydrated by the first dehydration and demisting device 4 enters a composite photocatalytic device 5, referring to fig. 5, the composite photocatalytic device 5 includes a housing 50, a polypropylene fiber filter screen layer 500, a carbon fiber screen layer 501, a titanium dioxide nickel screen layer 502 and an ultraviolet lamp 503, and the polypropylene fiber filter screen layer 500, the carbon fiber screen layer 501, the titanium dioxide nickel screen layer 502 and the ultraviolet lamp 503 are arranged in the housing 50 from top to bottom. Certainly, the bottom of the casing 50 is provided with a third air inlet 504, and the exhaust gas enters the casing 50 from the third air inlet 504, passes through the polypropylene fiber filter screen layer 500 first, and then the dust impurities in the exhaust gas are removed again; then, most of organic gases such as benzene, non-methane total hydrocarbon, aldehyde ketone, alcohol, hydrocarbon and the like and odor substance adsorption are removed through the carbon fiber net layer 501; further, the titanium dioxide nickel mesh layer 502 includes a foamed metal nickel loading layer and a titanium dioxide nano layer loaded on the foamed metal nickel loading layer, the ultraviolet lamp 503 is turned on, and the ultraviolet light catalyzes and excites the nano-scale titanium dioxide to generate electron hole pairs, thereby degrading the organic pollutants.
That is, it can be understood that the ultraviolet lamp with a specific wavelength is used as a light energy donor for photocatalytic oxidation, and the photocatalyst nanoparticles can be excited to generate electron-hole pairs and a hole decomposition catalyst under irradiation of ultraviolet light with a specific wavelength. TiO 2 2The photocatalytic oxidation is active hydroxyl (OH) and other active oxidation species (O) 2-,·OOH,H 2O 2) The result of the combined action. In TiO 2The OH group generated on the surface has high reactivity and reaction energy higher than that of various chemical bond energies in organic matters, and is added with O 2 -,·OOH,H 2O 2The synergistic effect of the active oxidation substances can quickly and effectively decompose the organic substances.
The rough reaction mechanism is:
H 2S+O 2、O 2-、O 2+→SO 3+H 2O
NH 3+O 2、O 2-、O 2+→NOx+H 2O
VOCs+O 2、O 2-、O 2+→SO 3+CO 2+H 2O
the components which are easy to be decomposed and oxidized in the waste gas are removed through the reaction, and the components containing VOCs in the waste gas are removed, so that better disinfection and deodorization effects are achieved.
The mixed waste gas treated by the composite photocatalysis device 5 enters a three-level spraying and washing device 6, and the three-level spraying and washing device 6 is a deodorization and washing device. Referring to fig. 6, the three-stage spraying and washing device 6 includes a flow washing tank 60, a third packing layer 6000, a third circulation pump 602, a third spraying system 601 and a liquid storage tank 603, the third packing layer 6000 is disposed in the flow washing tank 60, of course, a support plate 600 for mounting and placing the third packing layer 6000 is disposed in the flow washing tank 60, a deodorizing liquid is disposed in the liquid storage tank 603, the deodorizing liquid is a New Bio-C deodorizing liquid, the liquid storage tank 603 is communicated with the flow washing tank 60 through a pipeline, the third spraying system 601 is disposed above the third packing layer 6000 and is communicated with the liquid storage tank 603, and the third circulation pump 602 is disposed between the third spraying system 601 and the liquid storage tank 603 so as to extract the deodorizing liquid in the liquid storage tank 603 and spray on the third packing layer 6000 through the third spraying system 601.
Specifically, waste gas enters the flow washing tank 60, the third circulating pump 602 is used for pumping the deodorant liquid in the liquid storage tank 603 to the third spraying system 601 through a pipeline, the third spraying system 601 sprays the deodorant liquid on the third packing layer 6000, in the flow washing tank 60, the gas is purified after passing through the third packing layer 6000 and enters the next waste gas treatment process, and the deodorant liquid enters the liquid storage tank 603 after being sprayed on the third packing layer 6000. The third packing layer 6000 is also a gas-liquid mass transfer medium and is mainly used for ensuring that gas is fully contacted and fully reacted with the deodorization liquid.
Because the New Bio-C deodorizing liquid contains deodorizing particles, the surfaces of the deodorizing particles can not only effectively adsorb peculiar smell molecules in the air, but also promote the change of the spatial configuration of the adsorbed peculiar smell molecules; in addition, the deodorizing particles can provide electrons for odor molecules to accelerate the reaction with the odor molecules; the surfaces of the deodorizing particles can also adsorb odor molecules in the air, and the three-dimensional structures in the odor molecules are changed and become unstable; meanwhile, odor molecules adsorbed on the surfaces of the deodorizing particles can also react with oxygen in the air.
The relevant reactions are as follows:
acid-base reaction, for example, the deodorized particles contain trace alkaloid which can react with acidic odor molecules such as hydrogen sulfide. Unlike the common acid-base reaction, the common base is toxic, non-edible and non-biodegradable, and the high-purity plant extract can be biodegraded and is non-toxic.
Catalytic oxidation reactions, such as hydrogen sulfide and other acidic gases, typically react with oxygen in the air.
Taking the reaction of hydrogen sulfide as an example, the relevant reaction formula is as follows:
R-NH2+H2S→R-NH3++SH-
R-NH2+SH-+O2+H2O→R-NH3+SO42-+OH-
R-NH3++OH-→R-NH2+H2O
the oxidation-reduction reaction, such as formaldehyde, has oxidation property, and the effective molecules in the plant liquid have reduction property. They can be reacted directly. Reaction with formaldehyde and ammonia, the relevant reaction formula is as follows:
HR-NH2+HCHO→R-HN2+H-C=CO2+H2O
R-NH2+NH3→R-NH2+N2+H2O
through the series of reactions, the components which are easy to dissolve in water in the waste gas are removed, and the odor concentration of the waste gas can be effectively reduced.
And the waste gas treated by the three-stage spraying and washing device 6 enters a second dehydration and demisting device 7 to remove water vapor in the waste gas, and the second dehydration and demisting device 7 is also selected as a demister. The waste gas after the dehydration of second dehydration defogging device 7 gets into in the peculiar smell control box 8 and handles, preferably, peculiar smell control box 8 embeds there is deodorization dialysis membrane, just peculiar smell control box 8's one end is equipped with air intake 80, and its other end is provided with air outlet 81. Waste gas gets into peculiar smell control box 8 from air intake 80 promptly, through the molecule of volatilizing in the deodorization dialysis membrane removal waste gas, furtherly, deodorization dialysis membrane has the one-way dialysis membrane of stink removal liquid for the parcel, has the stink molecule in the one-way dialysis membrane of stink removal liquid through the parcel and catches the box in the air to live the stink molecule parcel, thereby reach the effect of thoroughly getting rid of the stink, waste gas after the processing passes through air outlet 81 and discharges. Furthermore, the air inlet 80 and the air outlet 81 are both provided with a control valve (not shown), and the air volume of the air inlet 80 and the air volume of the air outlet 81 of the odor control box 8 are controlled by the control valve, so as to ensure the stability and reliability of the waste gas in the treatment process.
The waste gas after being treated in the above steps is extracted into a chimney 9 for height-increasing discharge under the action of a centrifugal fan 810, preferably, the height of the chimney 9 is more than or equal to 15m so as to ensure that the treated gas is discharged into the atmosphere. Preferably, the centrifugal fan 810 is a medium-low pressure centrifugal fan 810, and of course, the medium-low pressure centrifugal fan 810 is selected from air volume which can be adjusted according to needs and can realize variable frequency adjustment, so that energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
under the action of the centrifugal fan 810, the mixed waste gas enters the primary spraying and washing device 1, and is treated by the primary spraying and washing device 1 to remove dust, particulate matters and water-soluble molecules in the waste gas; the waste gas enters a secondary spraying and washing device 2, and after the waste gas is treated by the secondary spraying and washing device 2 to remove hydrogen sulfide and acidic molecules; the waste gas enters the microbial degradation device 3, and after the waste gas is treated by the microbial degradation device 3 to remove components which are easily degraded by microbes and remove peculiar smell; the waste gas enters the first dehydration demisting device 4 for dehydration demisting, so that the humidity in the waste gas is reduced; after dehydration, the waste gas enters a composite photocatalysis device 5, and after benzene series, non-methane total hydrocarbons, VOCs and unstable decomposed molecular components in the waste gas are removed by the composite photocatalysis device 5; the waste gas enters a three-level spraying and washing device 6, and the components which are easy to dissolve in water in the waste gas are removed and the peculiar smell concentration of the waste gas is reduced through the three-level spraying and washing device 6; the waste gas enters a second dehydration demisting device 7, and dehydration treatment is carried out again to remove water vapor in the waste gas; finally, the exhaust gas enters the peculiar smell control box 8, molecules with small molecular weight and easy volatility are removed through the peculiar smell control box 8, peculiar smell is thoroughly removed, and therefore various exhaust gas pollutants are purified, and the purification efficiency of various exhaust gas pollutants is improved.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The waste gas treatment device is characterized by comprising a plurality of devices which are sequentially communicated through a pipeline
The first-stage spraying and washing device is used for removing dust, particles and water-soluble molecules in the waste gas;
a secondary spraying and washing device for removing hydrogen sulfide and acidic molecules contained in the waste gas;
a microbial degradation device for removing components which are easily degraded by microbes and removing peculiar smell;
the first dehydration demisting device is used for reducing the humidity in the waste gas;
the composite photocatalysis device is used for removing benzene series, non-methane total hydrocarbons, VOCs and decomposed molecular unstable components in the waste gas;
the three-stage spraying and washing device is used for removing water-soluble components in the waste gas and reducing the concentration of peculiar smell of the waste gas;
the second dehydration demisting device is used for removing water vapor in the waste gas;
a peculiar smell control box for removing the molecules with small molecular weight and volatile molecules;
a chimney for discharging exhaust gas;
and a centrifugal fan for sucking waste gas is further arranged between the peculiar smell control box and the chimney so that the extracted waste gas is discharged through the chimney.
2. The waste gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein the primary spray washing device comprises a first spray tower and a first water tank, the first water tank is arranged at the bottom of the first spray tower, a first gas inlet for waste gas to enter is arranged at the lower part of the first spray tower, a first gas outlet for waste gas to exit is arranged at the top of the first spray tower, a first packing layer is arranged in the first spray tower, a first spray system communicated with the first water tank is arranged above the first packing layer, and a first circulating pump is arranged between the first spray system and the first water tank so as to pump spray liquid in the first water tank to be sprayed on the first packing layer through the first circulating pump.
3. The waste gas treatment device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the secondary spray washing device is an alkali washing device, and comprises a second spray tower and a second water tank, the second water tank is arranged at the bottom of the second spray tower, a second gas inlet is arranged at the lower part of the second spray tower, a second gas outlet is arranged at the top of the second spray tower, waste gas enters the second spray tower from the position of the second gas inlet through the first gas outlet, a second packing layer is arranged in the first spray tower, a second spray system communicated with the second water tank is arranged above the second packing layer, and a second circulating pump is arranged between the second spray system and the second water tank so as to pump alkali in the second water tank through the second circulating pump and spray the alkali on the second packing layer.
4. The waste gas treating device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the microbial degradation device comprises a biological filler layer, a biological filter and a spraying and humidifying circulation system, the biological filler layer is arranged in the biological filter, and the spraying and humidifying circulation system is communicated with the biological filter and can be used for controlling the humidity of the biological filler layer.
5. The exhaust gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein the composite photocatalytic device comprises a housing, a polypropylene fiber filter screen layer, a carbon fiber screen layer, a titanium dioxide nickel screen layer and an ultraviolet lamp, and the polypropylene fiber filter screen layer, the carbon fiber screen layer, the titanium dioxide nickel screen layer and the ultraviolet lamp are arranged in the housing from top to bottom.
6. The exhaust gas treatment device of claim 5, wherein the titanium dioxide nickel mesh layer comprises a foamed metal nickel loading layer and a titanium dioxide nano layer loaded on the foamed metal nickel loading layer.
7. The waste gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein the three-stage spray washing device comprises a flow washing tank, a third packing layer, a third circulating pump, a third spray system and a liquid storage tank, the third packing layer is arranged in the flow washing tank, deodorant liquid is filled in the liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank is communicated with the flow washing tank through a pipeline, the third spray system is arranged above the third packing layer and communicated with the liquid storage tank, and the third circulating pump is arranged between the third spray system and the liquid storage tank and is used for pumping the deodorant liquid in the liquid storage tank to be sprayed on the third packing layer through the third spray system.
8. The waste gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein a deodorizing dialysis membrane is arranged in the odor control box, and one end of the odor control box is provided with an air inlet and the other end is provided with an air outlet.
9. The apparatus for treating waste gas according to claim 8, wherein the deodorizing dialysis membrane is a one-way dialysis membrane coated with a deodorizing solution.
10. The waste gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein the height of the chimney is more than or equal to 15 m.
CN201910944925.4A 2019-09-30 2019-09-30 Waste gas treatment device Withdrawn CN110772913A (en)

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CN113019096A (en) * 2021-03-10 2021-06-25 安徽皖欣环境科技有限公司 High-efficient combination deodorizing device of oil smoke waste gas
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Application publication date: 20200211