CN110769209A - Crop phenotype monitoring device and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop monitoring, and discloses a crop phenotype monitoring device and a crop phenotype monitoring system, which comprise: the base is provided with a power supply device and a driving mechanism for supplying power; the driving mechanism is connected with the supporting frame and used for controlling the supporting frame to rotate; and the monitoring imaging unit is used for acquiring crop image information and is arranged at the upper end of the support frame, and the monitoring imaging unit uploads the crop image information to a remote server through a communication module. The crop phenotype monitoring device avoids damage to crop samples during direct measurement, overcomes the limitation that indirect measurement cannot better reflect the phenotype characters of crops, can conveniently and accurately upload observed crop image information to a server in real time, and can carry out crop information preprocessing, analysis and calculation and real-time storage to realize the measurement of the phenotype characteristics, intelligence and accuracy of crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop monitoring, in particular to a crop phenotype monitoring device and system.
Background
The crop phenotype is the external expression of the interaction of crop genes and the environment, and comprises the physiological and ecological traits and dynamic characteristics thereof in the growth and development process of crops, such as plant height, density, leaf length, leaf width, leaf inclination angle, leaf area index and the like. In the crop growth period, various crop phenotypic traits (namely high-throughput phenotype) are continuously, timely and accurately monitored, and the method is an important basis for realizing intelligent diagnosis and management of crops.
The existing crop phenotype monitoring methods can be divided into a direct measurement method and an indirect measurement method: the direct measurement method is manual sampling and destructive measurement, the leaf area index of the crop and the plant height of the crop are measured by a paper-cut weighing method and a leaf weighing method, time and labor are wasted, the method is only suitable for sampling the crop in a small area range, and the crop information cannot be obtained in a high-flux and large area range; the indirect measurement method mainly utilizes an unmanned aerial vehicle or a field robot and the like to carry probes such as a visible light camera, a radar or a multispectral camera and the like, and further realizes the estimation of the crop structure and functional characteristics by means of model algorithms such as image analysis, light transmission and the like. However, the monitoring system based on the unmanned aerial vehicle is easily affected by environmental conditions, and meanwhile due to the limitation of the dead time, the precision of the image information acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle cannot well meet the requirement of accurate crop phenotype characteristic extraction. Although the monitoring system based on the field robot can well overcome the defects of the unmanned aerial vehicle system, the monitoring system is high in manufacturing cost, has very strict requirements on field layout and the like, and is not suitable for most agricultural experiments.
Therefore, it is an urgent need in the industry to design a crop phenotype monitoring device and system that can be widely applied to various complex environments.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a crop phenotype monitoring device and a crop phenotype monitoring system, which avoid damage to crop samples during direct measurement, overcome the limitation that indirect measurement cannot better reflect the phenotypic characters of crops, and can conveniently and accurately upload the observed crop image information to a server in real time, perform crop information preprocessing, analysis and calculation and real-time storage, realize the phenotypic characteristics, intellectualization and accurate measurement of crops, and provide powerful technical support for accurate agriculture.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a crop phenotype monitoring device, comprising:
the base is provided with a power supply device and a driving mechanism for supplying power;
the driving mechanism is connected with the supporting frame and used for controlling the supporting frame to rotate;
and the monitoring imaging unit is used for acquiring crop image information and is arranged at the upper end of the support frame, and the monitoring imaging unit uploads the crop image information to a remote server through a communication module.
Preferably, the monitoring imaging unit comprises a shell, an imaging module arranged at the front end of the shell, a control module and a power module arranged inside the shell, wherein the power module is respectively connected with the imaging module and the control module, and the control module is connected with the imaging module to control the working state of the imaging module.
Further preferably, the monitoring imaging unit further comprises a sun shade and a sensor interface, the sun shade is arranged on the upper side of the imaging module, the sensor interface is used for connecting an external sensor, and the sensor interface is connected with the control module.
Further preferably, the top end of the support frame is provided with an interface female end, and the interface female end is respectively connected with the power supply device and the driving mechanism; the bottom of casing is equipped with the public end of interface, the public end of interface respectively with power module reaches control module connects, the public end of interface with the female end adaptation of interface is connected.
Further preferably, the bottom of the shell is provided with a first connecting portion, the top of the female end of the interface is provided with a second connecting portion, the female end of the interface is fixedly connected with the support frame, and the fixing bolt penetrates through the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion to enable the shell to be rotatably connected with the support frame.
Further preferably, the support frame includes a first support portion and a second support portion, the second support portion is a hollow structure, and the first support portion is inserted into the second support portion and fixed by the anchor ear.
Further preferably, power supply unit includes battery box, battery, solar panel and photovoltaic controller, the battery sets up the inside of battery box, photovoltaic controller respectively with solar panel with the battery is connected, solar panel warp the photovoltaic controller gives the battery charges.
Further preferably, the driving mechanism is arranged on the battery box and comprises a driving motor and a speed reducer, the output end of the driving motor is connected with the driving shaft of the speed reducer, the output end of the speed reducer is connected with the supporting frame, and the driving shaft of the speed reducer and the supporting frame are arranged at 90 degrees.
Further preferably, the bottom of base is equipped with a plurality of ground nails, ground nail with base fixed connection.
The other technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a crop phenotype monitoring system, comprising: the remote monitoring system comprises a plurality of crop phenotype monitoring devices, wherein the crop phenotype monitoring devices are respectively connected with the remote server through wireless modules and respectively upload the acquired crop image information to the remote server.
Compared with the prior art, the crop phenotype monitoring device and the crop phenotype monitoring system have the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the crop phenotype monitoring device is arranged in a field or a greenhouse, the monitoring imaging unit rotates by 360 degrees, the dynamic growth state of peripheral crops is monitored, and the acquired crop image information is uploaded to a remote server; the method avoids damage to crop samples during direct measurement, overcomes the limitation that indirect measurement cannot better reflect the phenotypic characters of crops, can carry out pretreatment, analysis calculation and real-time storage on observed crop information in real time, conveniently and accurately, realizes the phenotypic characteristics, intellectualization and precision measurement of crops, and provides powerful technical support for precision agriculture.
Drawings
The foregoing features, technical features, advantages and embodiments are further described in the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, which is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plant phenotype monitoring apparatus according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a monitoring imaging unit according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the male terminal and the female terminal of the interface according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a drive mechanism of the present embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the base of the present embodiment.
The reference numbers illustrate:
1. the monitoring imaging device comprises a base, 11 ground nails, 2 a power supply device, 21 a battery box, 22 a solar panel, 3 a driving mechanism, 31 a driving motor, 32 a motor spindle, 33 a connecting shaft, 34 a speed reducer, 4 a supporting frame, 41 a first supporting portion, 42 a second supporting portion, 43 a hoop, 44 an interface female end, 5 a monitoring imaging unit, 51 a shell, 52 an imaging module, 53 a sunshade cover, 54 a sensor interface, 55 an interface male end, 56 a first connecting portion, 57 a second connecting portion and 58 a fixing bolt.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
For the sake of simplicity, the drawings only schematically show the parts relevant to the present invention, and they do not represent the actual structure as a product. In addition, in order to make the drawings concise and understandable, components having the same structure or function in some of the drawings are only schematically illustrated or only labeled. In this document, "one" means not only "only one" but also a case of "more than one".
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the embodiments shown in the drawings, the directions such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear are used to explain the structure and movement of various components of the present invention not absolutely but relatively. These illustrations are appropriate when these components are in the positions shown in the figures. If the description of the positions of these components changes, the indication of these directions changes accordingly.
In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply relative importance.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings and embodiments can be derived from them without inventive effort.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a crop phenotype monitoring apparatus, including: the device comprises a base 1, a power supply device 2, a driving mechanism 3, a support frame 4 and a monitoring imaging unit 5. The base 1 is used for being installed on the ground, the power supply device 2 is installed on the upper side of the base 1, the driving mechanism 3 is installed on the upper side of the power supply device 2, and the power supply device 2 is connected with the driving mechanism 3 and used for supplying power to the driving mechanism 3. The support frame 4 can be stretched and retracted, the support frame 4 is connected with the driving mechanism 3, and the driving mechanism 3 controls the support frame 4 to rotate. Monitoring imaging unit 5 sets up in the upper end of support frame 4, and monitoring imaging unit 5 is used for acquireing crop image information, and monitoring imaging unit 5 uploads crop image information to the far-end server through communication module. In the embodiment, the crop phenotype monitoring device is installed in a field or a greenhouse, the monitoring imaging unit 5 rotates for 360 degrees, the dynamic growth state of peripheral crops is monitored, and the acquired crop image information is uploaded to a remote server; the method avoids damage to crop samples during direct measurement, overcomes the limitation that indirect measurement cannot better reflect the phenotypic characters of crops, can carry out pretreatment, analysis calculation and real-time storage on observed crop information in real time, conveniently and accurately, realizes the phenotypic characteristics, intellectualization and precision measurement of crops, and provides powerful technical support for precision agriculture.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the monitoring imaging unit 5 includes a housing 51, an imaging module 52 provided at a front end of the housing 51, and a control module and a power supply module provided inside the housing 51. The power supply module supplies power required for operation to the imaging module and the control module by being connected with the power supply device 2. Wherein, imaging module 52 is high definition camera module, and camera module can autofocus, and the camera lens takes the UV filter, has and strains ultraviolet, waterproof, grease proofing function. The camera module can also use an imaging lens with a thermal infrared function, so as to obtain physicochemical indexes of canopy temperature, plant diseases and insect pests, water stress index and the like of the plant. The imaging module 52 is provided with a sunshade 53 on the upper side, and one side of the sunshade 53 is connected with the shell 51 to shield the imaging module 52, so as to prevent photographing exposure and shield direct rain. Meanwhile, the sunshade 53 and the housing 51 may be rotatably connected, and when the monitoring imaging unit 5 is in a non-operating state, the sunshade 53 is turned downward to be used as a protective cover. The lower side of the rear end of the shell 51 is provided with a sensor interface 54 for connecting an external sensor, and the sensor interface 54 is connected with the control module. The external sensor can be a soil three-parameter (temperature, moderate degree and conductivity) sensor, an air temperature and humidity sensor, a light and effect effective radiation sensor, a CO2 concentration sensor and the like. The control module is a microcomputer, and the monitoring imaging unit 5 is automatically dormant and started by implanting related programs into the microcomputer, enters a dormant state when the system does not take pictures and collects data, and automatically starts to take pictures and collect environmental data when the interval time is up, so that the energy consumption is saved to the maximum extent. The support frame 4 can be rotated regularly, the data of the environmental parameter sensor can be shot regularly and collected regularly, and the data can be uploaded to a cloud or server side in real time.
As shown in fig. 3, the top end of the supporting frame 4 is provided with a female interface end 44, the female interface end 44 is recessed in the top end of the supporting frame 4, and a first connection end is arranged at the bottom of a groove of the female interface end 44 and connected with the power supply device 2 and the driving mechanism 3 through a wire. The bottom of casing 51 is equipped with the public end 55 of interface with the female end 44 adaptation of interface, and the front end of the public end 55 of interface is equipped with the boss with the recess adaptation of the female end 44 of interface, and the top of boss is equipped with the second link, and the second link is connected with power module and control module respectively. The periphery of the groove and the boss are respectively provided with adaptive threads, so that the male end 55 of the interface is screwed with the female end 44 of the interface in an adaptive manner.
As shown in fig. 2, a first connecting portion 56 is disposed at the bottom of the housing 51, the first connecting portion 56 includes a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are parallel and vertically connected to the bottom of the housing 51, and the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are respectively integrally formed with the housing 51. The top of the female end 44 of interface is equipped with second connecting portion 57, and second connecting portion 57 includes third splint and fourth splint, and the third splint parallels with the fourth splint and is connected perpendicularly with the top of the female end 44 of interface, third splint and fourth splint respectively with the female end 44 integrated into one piece of interface. The first clamping plate and the second clamping plate clamp the third clamping plate and the fourth clamping plate between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate, and the fixing bolt 58 sequentially penetrates through the first clamping plate, the third clamping plate, the fourth clamping plate and the second clamping plate, so that the shell 51 is rotatably connected with the support frame 4. This structure allows the monitoring imaging unit 5 to be angularly adjusted in the vertical direction, and is fixed by providing nuts at both ends of the fixing bolts 58. The structure needs manual angle adjustment, and certainly, a speed reduction motor can be arranged at the structure to realize automatic angle adjustment.
As shown in fig. 2, the supporting frame 4 includes a first supporting portion 41 and a second supporting portion 42, and the first supporting portion 41 and the second supporting portion 42 are both hollow tubular structures. The diameter of the first supporting portion 41 is slightly smaller than that of the second supporting portion 42, so that the first supporting portion 41 can be inserted into the second supporting portion 42. The joint of the first supporting portion 41 and the second supporting portion 42 is provided with a hoop 43, and the hoop 43 can be screwed and unscrewed. When the hoop 43 is tightened, the first supporting part 41 and the second supporting part 42 are in a fixed state; when the anchor ear 43 is loosened, the first supporting portion 41 and the second supporting portion 42 are in a movable state, and the first supporting portion 41 can move up and down in the second supporting portion 42. The shooting height of the monitoring imaging unit can be adjusted through the structure so as to be suitable for shooting crops in different growth periods.
As shown in fig. 5, the power supply device 2 includes a battery box 21, a storage battery, a solar panel 22, and a photovoltaic controller. Wherein, battery box 21 is square structure, and battery box 21 installs on base 1, and the battery setting is in battery box 21's inside. Solar panel 22 sets up on the installing support, and solar panel 22 passes through the electric wire and is connected with the battery. The photovoltaic controller is connected with the solar panel 22 and the storage battery respectively, and the solar panel 22 charges the storage battery through the photovoltaic controller. At the same time, the battery also supplies power to the inverter load of the solar panel 22. The specific process is as follows: the solar panel 22 supplies power to the photovoltaic controller, the photovoltaic controller charges the storage battery, the charged storage battery supplies power to the photovoltaic controller, and the photovoltaic controller supplies power to the driving mechanism 3 and the monitoring imaging unit 5.
As shown in fig. 4, the drive mechanism 3 is provided on the battery box 21, and the drive mechanism 3 includes a drive motor 31 and a speed reducer 34. The driving motor 31 is a programmable motor, the motor spindle 32 of the driving motor 31 is connected with the connecting shaft 33, one end of the connecting shaft 33, which is close to the motor spindle 32, is a sleeve with a slot, and the slot is aligned with and in adaptive connection with a protrusion arranged on the motor spindle 32, so that the connecting shaft 33 can rotate together with the motor spindle 32. The other end of the connecting shaft 33 is of a gear structure and is engaged with a fluted disc inside the speed reducer 34 to drive the fluted disc to rotate. The output end of the speed reducer 34 is connected with the bottom of the support frame 4, and the connecting shaft 33 is arranged at 90 degrees to the support frame 4, so that the support frame 4 can rotate in the horizontal direction and the rotating speed can be controlled. It should be noted that the purpose of this structure is to make the supporting frame 4 rotate in the horizontal direction and control the rotation speed, and other structures capable of achieving this purpose are also possible.
As shown in FIG. 5, the bottom of the base 1 is provided with a plurality of ground nails 11, and the ground nails 11 are connected with the base 1 by screw threads or welded. The base 1 can be installed on a cement ground or directly installed in a field and fixed by a ground nail 11 with the length of about 30 cm. Criss-cross reinforcing ribs are arranged at the bottom of the base 1 to enhance the stability of the system.
In a second embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, on the basis of the above embodiment, the present embodiment provides a crop phenotype monitoring system, which includes a plurality of crop phenotype monitoring devices, wherein the plurality of crop phenotype monitoring devices are respectively connected to a remote server via wireless modules, and respectively upload the acquired crop image information to the remote server. Each crop phenotype monitoring device can operate independently, collect data, upload a remote server by using a 4G network, and also can be networked among the crop phenotype monitoring devices to upload the data to the remote server in a unified way.
In practical application, the general agricultural scientific research and cultivation plan is that one genotype is provided with one experimental small block, the terrain size of each small block is about 1mx2m or 1.5mx3m, and one crop variety is about 100-1000 genotypes. One crop phenotype monitoring device can monitor 1 to 8 experimental plots around, the number of the experimental plots is determined according to the field size and the number of plants in the experimental plots, for example, if 800 genotypes or plots exist, 100 crop phenotype monitoring devices can be configured to form a crop phenotype monitoring system, and the investment cost is greatly saved. Photographing once every 1-4 hours in the whole growing season of a plant, and after the growing season is finished, acquiring thousands of photos, establishing a photo stream to reflect the dynamic growing condition of the plant, so that the growing rate of the plant can be measured and calculated; a scale is arranged beside the plant, and the phenotypic characters of the plant, such as plant height, plant type, plant width, leaf length/width, plant lodging condition and the like, can be measured and calculated according to the corresponding relation between the pixels and the scale; from the data of one season or several seasons, the growth of plants in the next season can be predicted, and the yield and the like can be predicted. In addition, an imaging module of the monitoring imaging unit can be expanded from RGB to thermal infrared plus RGB, and further physical and chemical indexes of canopy temperature, plant diseases and insect pests, water stress index and the like of the plant are obtained.
Uploading all the pictures and the environmental parameters to a cloud or a server by using a 4G network; all data are managed in a unified and centralized manner at a cloud end or a server, clear images are automatically identified and screened, names are given in a unified format, and are sequentially stacked and processed; the centralized control system provides central real-time monitoring to manage the monitoring imaging unit workstations, record online or offline status, operational modes, daily images, microenvironments and computing resources, and collate the collected data for visualization, batch processing and annotation.
The crop phenotype monitoring system is a phenotype measuring platform supported by the Internet of things, is simple and easy to use in design, and can be widely applied to any environment. And an automatic field control system, a high-throughput performance analysis algorithm and machine learning-based modeling are matched to manage and process data generated by the platform, so that the dynamic relation among the genotype, the phenotype and the environment is explored.
The crop phenotype monitoring system is a Linux-based operating system, Debian, running data transmission and remote control, which contains two servers, NetATalk and VNC servers, to facilitate field data transmission and remote system control, which allows the user to connect to each monitoring imaging unit either wirelessly (using a tablet or smartphone) or by wired connection (using a laptop).
The crop phenotype monitoring system is a GUI-based imaging program that enables real-time system interaction that is added to a software package to control RGB or NoIR camera modules for time-lapse (time-lapse) crop monitoring. The program may automatically detect the IP address of a given monitoring imaging unit in order to associate that monitoring imaging unit with a particular trial ID for its field trial. The program then asks the user to specify information such as genotype (breed), biological repetition, and imaging duration through the GUI dialog box, where the user can initiate image acquisition.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or recited in detail in a certain embodiment.
It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as necessary. The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A crop phenotype monitoring device, comprising:
the base is provided with a power supply device and a driving mechanism for supplying power;
the driving mechanism is connected with the supporting frame and used for controlling the supporting frame to rotate;
and the monitoring imaging unit is used for acquiring crop image information and is arranged at the upper end of the support frame, and the monitoring imaging unit uploads the crop image information to a remote server through a communication module.
2. The crop phenotype monitoring device of claim 1, wherein:
the monitoring imaging unit comprises a shell, an imaging module arranged at the front end of the shell, a control module and a power module, wherein the control module and the power module are arranged inside the shell, the power module is respectively connected with the imaging module and the control module, and the control module is connected with the imaging module to control the working state of the imaging module.
3. The crop phenotype monitoring device of claim 2, wherein:
the monitoring imaging unit further comprises a sunshade and a sensor interface, the sunshade is arranged on the upper side of the imaging module, the sensor interface is used for being connected with an external sensor, and the sensor interface is connected with the control module.
4. The crop phenotype monitoring device of claim 2, wherein:
the top end of the support frame is provided with an interface female end which is respectively connected with the power supply device and the driving mechanism; the bottom of casing is equipped with the public end of interface, the public end of interface respectively with power module reaches control module connects, the public end of interface with the female end adaptation of interface is connected.
5. The crop phenotype monitoring device of claim 4, wherein:
the bottom of casing is equipped with first connecting portion, the top of the female end of interface is equipped with the second connecting portion, the female end of interface with support frame fixed connection, gim peg run through first connecting portion reach the second connecting portion make the casing with the support frame rotates and is connected.
6. The crop phenotype monitoring device of claim 1, wherein:
the support frame comprises a first support part and a second support part, the second support part is of a hollow structure, and the first support part is inserted into the second support part and fixed through the hoop.
7. The crop phenotype monitoring device of claim 1, wherein:
the power supply device comprises a battery box, a storage battery, a solar panel and a photovoltaic controller, wherein the storage battery is arranged inside the battery box, the photovoltaic controller is respectively connected with the solar panel and the storage battery, and the solar panel is charged by the storage battery through the photovoltaic controller.
8. The crop phenotype monitoring device of claim 7, wherein:
the driving mechanism is arranged on the battery box and comprises a driving motor and a speed reducer, the output end of the driving motor is connected with the driving shaft of the speed reducer, the output end of the speed reducer is connected with the supporting frame, and the driving shaft of the speed reducer is arranged at 90 degrees with the supporting frame.
9. The crop phenotype monitoring device of claim 1, wherein:
the bottom of base is equipped with a plurality of ground nails, ground nail with base fixed connection.
10. A crop phenotype monitoring system, comprising: the system comprises a plurality of crop phenotype monitoring devices according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the plurality of crop phenotype monitoring devices are respectively connected with the remote server through wireless modules and respectively upload the acquired crop image information to the remote server.
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CN204575070U (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-08-19 | 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所 | A kind of sand dune automatic imaging system |
CN109282744A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-29 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Crop saves per phenotype monitoring device and method |
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CN204575070U (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2015-08-19 | 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所 | A kind of sand dune automatic imaging system |
CN109282744A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2019-01-29 | 北京农业信息技术研究中心 | Crop saves per phenotype monitoring device and method |
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