CN110768093A - Terahertz wave parameter source frequency selection and frequency tuning method and device - Google Patents

Terahertz wave parameter source frequency selection and frequency tuning method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110768093A
CN110768093A CN201911054608.1A CN201911054608A CN110768093A CN 110768093 A CN110768093 A CN 110768093A CN 201911054608 A CN201911054608 A CN 201911054608A CN 110768093 A CN110768093 A CN 110768093A
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pump light
crystal
light
frequency
laser
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张瑞亮
耿利杰
翟玉生
张志峰
杨坤
刘楠楠
郝蕴琦
翟凤潇
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Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
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Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/09403—Cross-pumping, e.g. Förster process involving intermediate medium for excitation transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/102—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
    • H01S3/1026—Controlling the active medium by translation or rotation, e.g. to remove heat from that part of the active medium that is situated on the resonator axis

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a terahertz wave parameter source frequency selection and frequency tuning method and a device thereof; two beams of mutually crossed pump light excite a transverse optical phonon in a nonlinear crystal with infrared activity and Raman activity simultaneously to generate stimulated electromagnetic coupling scattering (SPS), the phase matching relation of the SPS is limited by utilizing cross pumping to realize frequency selection of Stokes light and corresponding THz wave, and the continuous tuning of the frequency of coherent narrowband Stokes light and THz wave is realized by continuously changing the cross angle of the two beams of pump light; one solution to achieve cross-pumping is: the pump light grazes the side face of the nonlinear crystal and is totally reflected, the incident pump light and the reflected pump light form a cross-pumping form, and the incident angle and the total reflection angle of the pump light to the side face of the crystal are changed by rotating the nonlinear crystal, so that the change of the phase matching relation is realized; the beneficial effects are as follows: the invention does not need an independent Stokes optical seed source, can be used under the condition of sub-ns laser pumping, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, low economic cost, higher THz wave generating efficiency and the like.

Description

Terahertz wave parameter source frequency selection and frequency tuning method and device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunable laser sources, in particular to a frequency selection and frequency tuning method and a frequency tuning device for a terahertz wave parameter source.
Background
Terahertz (THz) waves refer to electromagnetic waves having a frequency range of 0.1-10 THz and a wavelength range of 30-3000 μm. THz waves are intermediate between infrared and microwave and have a number of special properties not possessed by many other bands, the most notable of which are the penetrability of nonpolar molecules and the fingerprint spectrum recognition properties, thus leading to two most important applications of THz waves: THz transmission imaging and THz spectroscopy. The THz wave shows great scientific research value and application prospect in many fundamental and application research fields such as biomedicine, nondestructive testing, environmental monitoring, safety inspection and anti-terrorism, wherein a THz wave source with tunable high power, narrow line width and broadband is a key point of research and promotes technical application of THz wave nondestructive testing and the like.
The THz wave parameter source based on Stimulated electromagnetic coupling Scattering (SPS) can generate coherent THz waves with high power, narrow line width and continuously tunable broadband, has the advantages of simple and convenient frequency tuning mode, room temperature work, compact structure, easy integration, mature crystal and pump source technology and the like, particularly combines the detection technology based on the parameter down-conversion principle, can integrate the THz wave source and the high-sensitivity THz wave detection device under one pump system to form a THz wave spectrum measurement system, and can provide 10 THz waves in the range of about 1-3THz7The direct detection mode without Fourier transform in the dynamic measurement range has stronger anti-interference capability, and the parametric THz wave technology has wide application prospect and great importance in conclusionThe value of the study to be conducted.
Research shows that when sub-ns narrow pulse width laser pumping is adopted, the establishment of a Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) process in a parameter THz wave source can be effectively inhibited, compared with ns pulse width laser pumping, the generation efficiency of THz waves can be improved by tens of times, and the short pulse laser pumping can also improve the crystal damage threshold, so that the pumping power density can be improved.
The SPS provides broadband Raman gain, the frequency selection and the frequency tuning of the THz wave parameter source can be realized by a specific means by utilizing a phase matching principle, the continuous tunable output of the narrow-band THz wave is realized, and at present, the frequency selection and the frequency tuning of the THz wave parameter source are mainly realized by the following two modes:
the THz wave parametric oscillator is characterized in that a THz wave parametric oscillator (TPO) is constructed in a mode of adding a Stokes light (6) resonant cavity, only the Stokes light (6) which accords with specific phase matching light is oscillated and amplified to realize frequency selection of THz waves, and the THz wave frequency tuning is realized by adjusting an included angle between the resonant cavity and pump light and adjusting phase matching conditions.
2. A seed injection THz wave parameter generator is constructed by using a narrow-band Stokes light (6) source as a seed source, frequency selection of THz waves is realized, and frequency tuning of the THz waves is realized by changing the wavelength of the seed source and the included angle between a light beam and pump light.
Although TPO has simple structure and high efficiency, the frequency tuning needs to mechanically adjust the included angle between the resonant cavity and the pump light, even if an automatic control tuning mode based on an optical scanning mirror is developed later, the problems of low tuning speed, poor system stability, wide THz wave line width and the like still exist, the length of the Stokes light (6) resonant cavity in TPO is generally ten centimeters and several centimeters, and certain pumping pulse duration is needed to enable the Stokes light (6) to oscillate back and forth in the resonant cavity so as to be fully amplified, so the TPO can only be suitable for the situation of longer pumping pulse, such as several nanoseconds, but cannot be applied to subnanosecond pulse laser pumping, and the ns laser pumping can bring the inhibition effect of SBS on SPS, and restricts the generation efficiency of THz wave.
The is-TPG can realize the output of THz wave with narrow line width, the wavelength of the seed laser is only required to be changed through a grating automatic angle matching tuning mode, the phase matching angle can be automatically adjusted, the THz wave frequency agility can be realized, but the is-TPG needs a tunable narrow line width seed laser source, the economic cost is very high, the seed source power is low, the effective Stokes light (6) amplification and the high-power THz wave generation can be realized only through a long interaction length, the size of a pumping spot of the is-TPG is generally small, the non-collinear phase matching mode influences the space coupling of the pumping light and the Stokes light (6), the effective gain length is limited, the THz wave generation efficiency is further improved, although the quasi-collinear phase matching of the periodic polarized crystal can solve the problem that the pumping light and the Stokes light (6) walk away in space, the frequency tuning of the quasi-collinear phase matching is limited in a narrow range, severely limiting the THz wave tuning range.
In addition, both TPO and is-TPG have a problem of gain competition, that is, competition of the center frequency of high SPS gain, high spatial coupling efficiency for the high frequency THz wave of low gain, low spatial coupling efficiency, so that the THz wave at high frequency is difficult to tune out, which may worsen the tuning range of the THz wave at high frequency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a terahertz wave parameter source frequency selection and frequency tuning method and device for solving the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a terahertz wave parameter source frequency selection and frequency tuning method is characterized in that frequency selection is carried out by limiting the phase matching relation of excited electromagnetic coupler scattering through two beams of mutually crossed pump light, and continuous tuning output of coherent narrow-band terahertz waves and Stokes light is realized by changing the cross angle of the two beams of pump light; the mutual crossing of the pump light is realized by totally reflecting one beam of pump light on the side surface of the crystal, and the change of the crossing angle of the pump light is realized by changing the incident angle of the pump light on the side surface of the crystal.
A terahertz wave parameter source frequency selection and frequency tuning device comprises a pump laser (1), a pump light control system (2), a terahertz wave terahertz magnetic wave coupling prism array (3) and a nonlinear crystal (4);
the pumping light control system (2) comprises a wave plate, a polarizing prism, a diaphragm and a telescope system and is used for controlling the polarization, the energy, the spot size and the spot shape of the pumping light;
the pump laser (1) emits pump light glancing at the side surface of the nonlinear crystal (4), total reflection is carried out on the side surface of the nonlinear crystal (4), the incident pump light (7) and the reflected pump light (8) form a cross pumping mode, and frequency selection of Stokes light (9) and THz wave (6) is realized; by rotating the nonlinear crystal (4), the incidence angle and total reflection angle of the pump light to the side face of the crystal can be changed, so that the frequency tuning of the Stokes light (9) and the THz wave (6) is realized;
the nonlinear crystal (4) is LiNbO3Or MgO LiNbO3Or KTiOPO4Or KTiOAsO4Or RbTiOPO4Or LiTaO3One of a plasma crystal;
the terahertz magnetic wave coupling prism array (3) is formed by arranging 6 identical right-angle prisms (5), the material of the right-angle prisms (5) is high-progenitor rate Si, the resistivity is larger than 10k omega, the bottom side length of the prisms is 10mm, the thickness is 5mm, the vertex angle of the prisms is 90 degrees, the two bottom angles are respectively 40 degrees and 50 degrees, and the prism array and the nonlinear crystal (4) are respectivelyx-zAre closely attached together to couple out THz wave (6).
The pump laser (1) can be selected from one of a continuous laser, a Q-switched pulse laser with the output laser pulse width of ns magnitude, and a microchip laser or a mode-locked laser with the output laser pulse width of ps magnitude.
Further, the nonlinear crystal (4) is 5% mol of MgO LiNbO doped with MgO3Crystal of MgO LiNbO3The size of the crystal is 70: (x)*5(y)*5(z)mm3Two end faces thereof (y-zSurface) is optically polished and plated with 1060-1090nm broadband antireflection film, two side surfacesx-zSurface) is also optically polished, the polarization direction of the pump light and the optical axis of the crystal (z) The directions are parallel.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, low economic cost, higher THz wave generating efficiency and the like, the pump laser emits pump light glancing at the side surface of the nonlinear crystal and totally reflects at the side surface of the nonlinear crystal, and the incident pump light and the reflected pump light form a cross pumping form to realize frequency selection of Stokes light and THz wave; by rotating the nonlinear crystal, the incidence angle and total reflection angle of the pump light to the side face of the crystal can be changed, so that frequency tuning of Stokes light and THz light is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the conservation of wavevector for a cross-pumped SPS of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a phase matching relationship of the method according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of Stokes light of cross-pumped TPG when the pump light is totally reflected at the side of the crystal and different included angles exist between the x-axis of the nonlinear crystal and the incident pump light;
FIG. 5 is a spectrum diagram of TPG output Stokes light (9) when the pump light directly passes through the crystal and is not subjected to total reflection by the crystal;
FIG. 6 is a spectral linewidth plot of Stokes light.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a frequency selection and frequency tuning method for a terahertz wave parametric source is implemented by limiting a phase matching relationship of stimulated electromagnetic coupling scattering by two mutually crossed pumping lights to perform frequency selection, and by changing a crossing angle of the two pumping lights, continuous tuning output of coherent narrowband terahertz waves and Stokes light is implemented; the mutual crossing of the pump light is realized by totally reflecting one beam of pump light on the side surface of the crystal, and the change of the crossing angle of the pump light is realized by changing the incident angle of the pump light on the side surface of the crystal.
The principle of realizing continuous tuning output of the terahertz wave by the terahertz wave parameter source is that in the forward Raman scattering process of the polar ion crystal, the Al symmetric lattice vibration mode electromagnetic coupler has the angular dispersion characteristic, in the stimulated electromagnetic coupler scattering process, the pumping light, the Stokes light and the terahertz wave simultaneously meet the energy conservation condition and the momentum conservation condition, and the frequency tuning characteristic of the terahertz wave parameter source can be determined by the relative relation between the three-wave non-collinear phase matching curve of the pumping light, the Stokes light and the THz wave and the dispersion curve of the lattice vibration mode electromagnetic coupler.
As shown in FIG. 1, when there are two beams of mutually crossed pumping light with wave vectors in the crystal, only the Stokes light satisfying the same phase matching relationship with the two beams of pumping lightk S The Stokes light with other frequencies can be effectively amplified, the Stokes light with other frequencies is inhibited, and the phase matching angle is satisfied at the moment, namely, the cross pumping has a frequency selection function, so that the narrow linewidth output of the Stokes light and the corresponding THz wave can be realized; by changing the cross angle of the pump light, the phase matching relation can be adjusted, and the continuous frequency tuning of the narrow-band Stokes light and the THz wave is realized.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the terahertz wave parameter source frequency selection and frequency tuning device applying the method comprises a pump laser 1, a pump light control system 2, a terahertz wave terahertz magnetic wave coupling prism array 3 and a nonlinear crystal 4;
the realization principle is as follows: TPO is a square through an external Stokes optical resonant cavityThe phase matching mode is defined to realize the frequency selection of THz wave, and the phase matching relation is shown in figure 3k P1 ，k S ，k T The wave vector triangle is formed, wherein lower corner marks P1, S and T respectively represent pump light I, Stokes light and THz wave; by continuously varying the angle between the axis of the resonator and the pump lightθ 1 The phase matching relation is changed, and continuous frequency tuning of THz waves 6 is realized; introducing another beam of pump light II through total reflection of the side of the crystal facing the pump light, wherein the wave vector of the pump light II isk RP Then only when shown in FIG. 3θ 1 Andθ 2 when the phases are strictly equal, the Stokes light 9 and the incident and reflected pump light form the same phase matching relation, and the Stokes can be effectively amplified without the action of a resonant cavity; when in useθ 1 Andθ 2 when the two phases are not equal, the Stokes light cannot be effectively amplified even if a resonant cavity exists because the Stokes light and the incident and reflected pump light respectively form different phase matching relations; therefore, the frequency selection of the terahertz wave parameter source can be realized by utilizing the mutually crossed pump light without adding a resonant cavity or narrow-linewidth Stokes light seed injection; by adjusting the cross angle of the two beams of pump light, the phase matching relationship can be changed, and the continuous frequency tuning of THz wave can be realized.
The pumping light control system 2 comprises a wave plate, a polarizing prism, a diaphragm and a telescope system and is used for controlling the polarization, the energy, the spot size and the spot shape of the pumping light;
the nonlinear crystal 4 is LiNbO3Or MgO LiNbO3Or KTiOPO4Or KTiOAsO4Or RbTiOPO4Or LiTaO3A polar ion crystal;
the terahertz magnetic wave coupling prism array 3 is formed by arranging 6 identical right-angle prisms 5, the material of the right-angle prisms 5 is high progenitor rate Si, the resistivity is larger than 10k omega, the bottom side length of the prisms is 10mm, the thickness is 5mm, the vertex angle of the prisms is 90 degrees, the two bottom angles are respectively 40 degrees and 50 degrees, and the prism array and the nonlinear crystal 4 are arrangedx-zAre tightly attached togetherTo couple out THz waves 6.
The pump laser 1 may be one selected from a continuous laser, a Q-switched pulse laser outputting laser pulses with a pulse width of ns order, and a narrow pulse width laser microchip laser outputting laser pulses with a pulse width of ps order, or a mode-locked laser.
Preferably, the non-linear 5% mol-doped MgO is LiNbO3Crystal of MgO LiNbO3The size of the crystal is 70: (x)*5(y)*5(z)mm3At both end faces thereofy-zThe surface is optically polished and plated with 1060-1090nm broadband antireflection film, and the two side surfaces arex-zThe surface is also optically polished, the polarization direction of the pump light and the optical axis of the crystalzThe directions are parallel.
The pump laser 1 sends out pump light glancing incidence nonlinear crystal 4 side, and take place the total reflection at nonlinear crystal 4 side, incident pump light 7 and reflecting pump light 8 form the cross pumping form, realize the frequency selection to Stokes light 9 and THz wave 6; by rotating the nonlinear crystal 4, the incidence angle and total reflection angle of the pump light to the side of the crystal can be changed, thereby realizing frequency tuning of the Stokes light 9 and the THz wave 6.
As shown in FIG. 4, the pump light directly passes through the crystal, and the TPG output Stokes light 9 spectrum when the total reflection does not occur on the crystal is shown, and the Stokes light 9 spectrum is broadband at the moment, and the spectrum range is 1068-1074nm, which corresponds to the SPS gain range.
FIG. 3 shows a Stokes spectrum of cross-pumped TPG when the pump light is totally reflected at the side of the crystal and the included angles between the x-axis of the nonlinear crystal 4 and the incident pump light 7 are respectively 1.25 °, 1.5 °, 2 °, 2.25 °, 2.5 °, and 2.75 °; it can be seen from the figure that the Stokes light output by the cross-pumped TPG is narrow-band, as shown in fig. 5, about 0.17nm and about 50GHz, different incident angles of the incident pump light 7 correspond to different wavelengths of the Stokes light 9, that is, different THz wave 6 frequencies, and the one-to-one correspondence between the wavelengths of the Stokes light 9 and the incident angles of the pump light conforms to the angular dispersion relationship of the SPS.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (4)

1. A terahertz wave parameter source frequency selection and frequency tuning method is characterized in that: the phase matching relation of the stimulated electromagnetic couple scattering is limited by two beams of mutually crossed pump light to carry out frequency selection, and the continuous tuning output of coherent narrow-band terahertz waves and Stokes light is realized by changing the cross angle of the two beams of pump light; the mutual crossing of the pump light is realized by totally reflecting one beam of pump light on the side surface of the crystal, and the change of the crossing angle of the pump light is realized by changing the incident angle of the pump light on the side surface of the crystal.
2. The terahertz wave parametric source frequency selection and frequency tuning method of claim 1, wherein: the terahertz magnetic wave coupling laser comprises a pump laser (1), a pump light control system (2), a terahertz magnetic wave coupling prism array (3) and a nonlinear crystal (4);
the pumping light control system (2) comprises a wave plate, a polarizing prism, a diaphragm and a telescope system and is used for controlling the polarization, the energy, the spot size and the spot shape of the pumping light;
the pump laser (1) emits pump light glancing at the side surface of the nonlinear crystal (4), total reflection is carried out on the side surface of the nonlinear crystal (4), the incident pump light (7) and the reflected pump light (8) form a cross pumping mode, and frequency selection of Stokes light (9) and THz wave (6) is realized; by rotating the nonlinear crystal (4), the incident angle and total reflection angle of the pump light to the side face of the crystal are changed, so that the phase matching condition of course pumping is changed, and the frequency tuning of Stokes light (9) and THz wave (6) is realized;
the nonlinear crystal (4) is LiNbO3Or MgO LiNbO3Or KTiOPO4Or KTiOAsO4Or RbTiOPO4Or LiTaO3A plasma crystal;
the terahertz magnetic wave coupling prism array (3) consists of 6The same right-angle prisms (5) are arranged, the material of the right-angle prisms (5) is high progenitor rate Si, the resistivity is more than 10k omega, the bottom side length of the prisms is 10mm, the thickness is 5mm, the vertex angle of the prisms is 90 degrees, the two bottom angles are respectively 40 degrees and 50 degrees, and the prism array and the nonlinear crystal (4)x-zAre closely attached together to couple out THz wave (6).
3. The terahertz wave parametric source frequency-selecting and frequency-tuning device of claim 2, wherein: the pump laser (1) can be selected from one of a continuous laser, a Q-switched pulse laser with the output laser pulse width of ns magnitude, and a microchip laser or a mode-locked laser with the output laser pulse width of ps magnitude.
4. The terahertz wave parametric source frequency-selecting and frequency-tuning device of claim 2, wherein: the nonlinear crystal (4) is 5 mol percent of MgO LiNbO doped with3Crystal of MgO LiNbO3The size of the crystal is 70: (x)*5(y)*5(z)mm3Two end faces are optically polished, 1060-1090nm broadband antireflection films are plated, two side faces are also optically polished, and the polarization direction of the pump light (7) and the optical axis of the nonlinear crystal (4)zThe directions are parallel.
CN201911054608.1A 2019-10-31 2019-10-31 Terahertz wave parameter source frequency selection and frequency tuning method and device Pending CN110768093A (en)

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