CN110767971A - Centralized attenuator and traveling wave tube comprising same - Google Patents
Centralized attenuator and traveling wave tube comprising same Download PDFInfo
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- CN110767971A CN110767971A CN201911042430.9A CN201911042430A CN110767971A CN 110767971 A CN110767971 A CN 110767971A CN 201911042430 A CN201911042430 A CN 201911042430A CN 110767971 A CN110767971 A CN 110767971A
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- attenuator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/22—Attenuating devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
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Abstract
The invention discloses a concentrated attenuator and a traveling wave tube comprising the same. According to the centralized attenuator provided by the invention, a wedge-shaped gradual change transition structure does not need to be processed in the height direction, and only an oval groove needs to be formed in the plane, so that the processing is simple and easy to realize, the processing efficiency can be effectively improved, the overall structural strength of the centralized attenuator can be enhanced, and the poor matching caused by the fracture or deformation of the structure of the centralized attenuator in the using process can be prevented; in addition, the centralized attenuator provided by the invention can effectively reduce the standing wave coefficient in the whole frequency band, particularly at the low frequency end, reduce the disturbance to electromagnetic waves and improve the microwave power absorption capability of the centralized attenuator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave vacuum electronics. And more particularly, to a concentrated attenuator and a traveling wave tube including the same.
Background
The traveling wave tube is an electric vacuum device for amplifying an input microwave signal, has the characteristics of broadband high power and high gain, and is widely applied to the fields of electronic countermeasure, radar systems and high-speed wireless communication.
The reflection of the input end and the output end of the broadband high-gain amplifier device of the traveling wave tube is difficult to completely eliminate, so that a feedback loop is easily formed to generate self-oscillation, and the normal work of the traveling wave tube is damaged. In order to improve the working stability of the traveling wave tube and inhibit self-oscillation, an attenuator must be added in the tube to cut off input and output feedback paths, so that the input and output feedback paths absorb microwave power entering the attenuator and reduce reflected waves caused by mismatching, and normal input signals are amplified.
The concentrated attenuator is a product containing a material that absorbs microwaves and processed into a certain shape to obtain a microwave absorber. Known microwave absorbing materials include attenuating ceramics such as carburized beryllium oxide ceramics and the like. Fundamental requirements of traveling wave tubes for a concentrated attenuator are sufficient attenuation over a given frequency range, and also that their standing wave coefficients are as small as possible, e.g., typically less than 1.25 is desirable. There are two types of currently known concentrated attenuators for slow wave structures terminating with a waveguide, one is a wedge-shaped absorber, see fig. 1A and 1B, and the wedge-shaped structure adopts a wedge-shaped gradual transition in the height direction to reduce the disturbance of the absorber to the electromagnetic wave and reduce the reflection. Another is a slotted wedge-shaped structure absorber, such as fig. 2A and 2B, which improves matching by adopting a surface slotted mode on the basis of the wedge-shaped structure absorber.
However, the structure of the concentrated attenuator in the prior art has the following two defects: firstly, the processing is difficult, and because the sizes of the centralized attenuator are small, and wedge-shaped gradual transition is required to be formed in the height direction, the wedge-shaped wedge processing in the height direction can only be completed in a manual polishing mode at present, so that the wedge-shaped wedge processing efficiency is low, and the consistency is poor; another point is that the bottom thickness t of the wedge-shaped graded structure must be small, which would otherwise cause large reflection, and t is small, which makes the wedge-shaped structure weaker and prone to fracture, and increases reflection, resulting in poor matching in the frequency band, for example, the bottom thickness t of the wedge-shaped graded structure is only allowed to be 0.05mm at the maximum, and when the bottom thickness dimension is larger than 0.05mm, the overall poor matching in the frequency band, especially the low frequency band, is more significant. The concentrated attenuator structures shown in fig. 1A and 1B and fig. 2A and 2B were simulated using three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software CST microwave studio, as shown in fig. 4 and 5. For the wedge-shaped attenuator shown in fig. 1A and 1B, the simulation result is shown in fig. 4, and when the thickness t of the bottom of the wedge-shaped structure is 0.05mm, the standing wave coefficient VSWR at the low frequency end (in the frequency range of 75GHz-102 GHz) reaches more than 1.25; and when the thickness t of the bottom of the wedge-shaped structure is more than 0.05mm, the standing wave coefficient can be wholly shifted upwards, and when the thickness t of the bottom of the wedge-shaped structure is 0.1mm, the VSWR of the whole frequency band is more than 1.35. For the slotted wedge-shaped attenuator shown in fig. 2A and 2B, the simulation result is shown in fig. 5, and when the thickness t of the bottom of the wedge-shaped structure is 0.05mm, the wedge-shaped structure can achieve better matching in the whole frequency band. However, when the thickness t of the bottom of the wedge-shaped structure is 0.1mm, the standing wave coefficient VSWR of the wedge-shaped structure at the low frequency end (in the frequency range of 75GHz-87.5 GHz) is larger than 1.25, the disturbance on electromagnetic waves is larger, and the absorption of microwave power is not facilitated. However, the structural strength of the wedge-shaped structure with the bottom thickness t of 0.05mm is poor, and the wedge-shaped structure is easy to break or deform in the using process, so that the shape is irregular, and the matching is poor.
Therefore, in order to overcome the technical defects of the prior art, it is required to provide a concentrated attenuator capable of improving microwave absorption efficiency and a traveling wave tube including the same.
SUMMARY OF THE PATENT FOR INVENTION
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a centralized attenuator, which is simple to process and easy to realize, thereby improving the processing efficiency; meanwhile, the integral structural strength of the concentrated attenuator is enhanced, and the structural fracture or deformation of the attenuator is prevented. The present invention further aims to provide a concentrated attenuator which can effectively reduce the standing wave coefficient in the whole frequency band, especially at the low frequency end, and improve the microwave absorption efficiency of the concentrated attenuator.
In order to achieve one of the above objects, the present invention provides a concentrated attenuator, which includes a substrate having a uniform thickness, and a groove formed in the substrate to extend in a length direction from one side, the groove having a length smaller than that of the concentrated attenuator.
Preferably, the groove is a through groove.
Preferably, the groove is an elliptical groove, and the width of the groove becomes smaller along the extending direction of the length of the substrate.
Preferably, the groove is an elliptical groove, and a long axis of the groove is arranged along the extending direction of the length of the substrate.
Preferably, the thickness of the wall in the width direction of the one side of the substrate is not more than 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the major axis of the oval groove is 8mm-5cm, and the minor axis is 1mm-2 cm.
Preferably, the major axis of the elliptical groove coincides with the center line of the substrate in the length direction.
Preferably, a center line of the groove coincides with or does not coincide with a center line of the substrate in a longitudinal direction.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the present patent provides a traveling-wave tube including the concentrated attenuator and the slow-wave structure, wherein the concentrated attenuator is disposed at a cut-off of the slow-wave structure.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
compared with the attenuator with the wedge-shaped structure in the prior art, the central attenuator provided by the invention has the advantages that the requirement on the design precision is lowered, the processing difficulty is lowered, the processing is simple and easy to realize, and the processing efficiency can be effectively improved; meanwhile, the good matching of the centralized attenuator and the slow wave structure can be realized. The concentrated attenuator can enhance the strength of the whole structure and prevent poor matching caused by fracture or deformation of the structure of the concentrated attenuator in the use process; in addition, the centralized attenuator provided by the invention can effectively reduce the disturbance to electromagnetic waves, thereby reducing the standing wave coefficient in the full frequency band, particularly at the low frequency end, and improving the microwave power absorption capacity of the centralized attenuator; in addition, the grooves in the centralized attenuator provided by the invention extend along the length direction of the substrate, the distribution of electromagnetic waves on the centralized attenuator is expanded, most of the electromagnetic wave energy is favorably dispersed, the electromagnetic wave energy is better transmitted forwards and is further absorbed step by step, and the efficiency of the centralized attenuator for absorbing the microwave power is further improved.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIGS. 1A and 1B show front and top views of a wedge-structured attenuator concentrator of the prior art.
FIGS. 2A and 2B show front and top views of the structure of a prior art slotted wedge structure concentrated attenuator.
Fig. 3A and 3B show front and top views of the structure of the concentrated attenuator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of a simulation calculation of the standing wave coefficient VSWR of the prior art wedge-shaped structure lumped attenuator by the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software CST.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of VSWR simulation calculations for the prior art slotted wedge concentrated attenuator by three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software CST.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing a comparison of simulation results of standing wave coefficients of a lumped attenuator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention and a lumped attenuator of the prior art.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Similar parts in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive, and should not be taken to limit the scope of the invention.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. It may be evident, however, that such embodiment(s) may be practiced without these specific details.
FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a conventional wedge-shaped attenuator having a length L and a width A, including a rectangular body portion having a length L and a thickness B, and a wedge-shaped transition portion having a length L-L that tapers from the thickness B to t. FIGS. 2A and 2B show another conventional slotted wedge attenuator, which is a modification of the wedge attenuator shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, and in which a slot is formed on one side of the thickness t of the wedge attenuator to be symmetrical about the center plane of the attenuator along the length.
The collective attenuator according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 3A and 3B.
As shown in fig. 3A and 3B, the present preferred embodiment provides a concentrated attenuator including a substrate having a uniform thickness t, having a length L and a width a, and a groove formed in the substrate extending in a length direction from one side, unlike the attenuator shown in fig. 1A and 1B, and fig. 2A and 2B. The groove has a width a smaller than the width A of the attenuator and a length H smaller than the length L of the attenuator, and preferably, the wall thickness of the substrate in the width direction of the one side may be greater than 0.05mm and not greater than 0.5mm, that is, the distance from the groove to the two long sides of the substrate in the width direction of the one side may be greater than 0.05mm and not greater than 0.5 mm. Compared with the prior art, the centralized attenuator provided by the invention has the advantages that the wedge-shaped gradual transition structure does not need to be processed in the height direction, only the oval grooving needs to be carried out on the plane, and compared with the wedge-shaped attenuator with the thinnest part of the wedge-shaped part not larger than 0.05mm in the prior art, the centralized attenuator provided by the invention reduces the requirement on the design precision and reduces the processing difficulty. The thickness of the centralized attenuator can be more than 0.05mm, the processing is simple and easy to realize, and the processing efficiency can be effectively improved; meanwhile, the good matching of the centralized attenuator and the slow wave structure can be realized, the good matching in a frequency band is ensured, the requirement of the centralized attenuator can be met, the overall structural strength of the centralized attenuator can be enhanced, and the poor matching caused by the fracture or deformation of the structure of the centralized attenuator in the use process is prevented.
As can be understood by those skilled in the art, the centralized attenuator is placed at the end of the rectangular waveguide of the traveling wave tube to absorb electromagnetic waves, and the field intensity distribution of the rectangular waveguide is characterized by stronger middle field intensity and weaker fields at two sides. The stronger the electromagnetic wave encountered by the concentrated attenuator, the stronger the field, so that the disturbance of the concentrated attenuator to the field is larger, thereby leading to the higher standing wave coefficient; the concentrated attenuator provided by the invention directly forms the groove on the substrate in a laser cutting mode, so that electromagnetic waves directly enter from two side walls of the groove of the concentrated attenuator, namely enter from a weak position of an electric field and are transmitted forwards along the length direction of the concentrated attenuator, and the disturbance of the concentrated attenuator on the electric field is reduced; at the same time, the two side walls of the groove of the concentrated attenuator will also attenuate part of the signal, thereby reducing the reflection caused by the concentrated attenuator. Meanwhile, the reflected power of the signal is attenuated by the centralized attenuator during return transmission, so that the matching is improved, the standing wave coefficient in a full frequency band, particularly at a low frequency end, is effectively reduced, the disturbance to electromagnetic waves is reduced, and the microwave power absorbed by the centralized attenuator is improved.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the width, length, tapered length of the concentrated attenuator, and the length and width of the slot may be different for different frequency bands, different powers, different sizes of traveling wave tube, and for different attenuation materials used. Preferably, the major axis of the elliptical groove may be 8mm to 5cm, and the minor axis may be 1mm to 2 cm. Furthermore, the center line of the groove may coincide with or may not coincide with the center line of the substrate in the longitudinal direction. The longer the length of the substrate is, and meanwhile, the longer the length of the groove along the wedge-shaped structure is, the distribution of electromagnetic waves on the centralized attenuator is expanded, so that most of electromagnetic wave energy is favorably dispersed and is better transmitted forwards, and then is gradually absorbed, the disturbance of the absorber on the electromagnetic waves is reduced, and the standing wave coefficient is smaller; in addition, the wider the width of the groove, the smaller the disturbance of the attenuator to the electromagnetic wave, and the smaller the standing wave coefficient may be. The depth of the groove can be smaller than the thickness of the substrate, and can also be a through groove penetrating through the thickness of the substrate. Preferably, as shown in fig. 3B, the shape of the groove of the concentrated attenuator of the present invention is an elliptical groove, and the width of the groove becomes smaller along the extending direction of the length of the substrate; alternatively, the shape of the recess of the concentrated attenuator of the present invention may be an elliptical recess, and the major axis of the recess is disposed along the extending direction of the substrate length, and further preferably, the major axis of the elliptical recess coincides with or does not coincide with the center line of the substrate length direction, which is not further limited in the present invention. The size and shape of the attenuator can be designed by the skilled in the art according to the working frequency band and power of the traveling wave tube and the specific condition of the selected attenuation material.
The patent of the present invention is further illustrated by example 1 and comparative example.
The first type of attenuator comprises a wedge-shaped transition part and a plateau part, the attenuating material being an alumina attenuating ceramic, the wedge-shaped attenuator having a length L of 10mm and a width B of 1.9mm, a rectangular body part having a length L of 5mm and a thickness B of 0.3mm, and a wedge-shaped transition part having a length L-L of 5mm, tapering from a thickness B of 0.3mm to a thickness t of 0.1 mm. The second type of concentrated attenuator is based on the first type of concentrated attenuator, and a through groove which is centrosymmetric, has a width of 1.25mm and an extension length of 5.8mm towards the platform part is formed in the comparative attenuator from one side with a thickness t of 0.1mm in the wedge-shaped transition part by taking a central plane in the length direction of the concentrated attenuator as a symmetric plane.
Example 1
The preferred embodiment of the concentrated attenuator is provided by the present patent, specifically, the attenuation material is alumina attenuation ceramic, which has a substrate with a length L of 10mm, a width B of 1.9mm and a thickness of 0.3mm, and an oval through groove with a width of 1.7mm and a length of 6mm is formed from one side of the substrate, and the oval through groove is centrosymmetric.
The standing wave coefficients of the two kinds of concentrated attenuators in the comparative example and the concentrated attenuator provided in the embodiment 1 are simulated and calculated by the CST electromagnetic simulation software, and as a result, as shown in fig. 6, it can be seen that the thickness of 0.3mm of the concentrated attenuator in the embodiment 1 is significantly larger than the thickness of 0.1mm at the thinnest point of the wedge-shaped portion of the concentrated attenuator in the comparative example, but the standing wave coefficients of the wedge-shaped concentrated attenuator structure in the comparative example are all larger than 1.25 in the whole frequency band, which exceeds the basic requirement of the concentrated attenuator; in addition, the standing wave coefficients of the wedge-shaped concentrated attenuator with the grooves in the comparative example are also larger than 1.25 in the low frequency range (75GHz-85 GHz), and the requirements of the concentrated attenuator are not met. The reflection coefficient of the concentrated attenuator in this embodiment 1 is significantly reduced in all frequency bands, and is lower than 1.1, especially lower than that of the wedge-shaped slotted concentrated attenuator in low frequency band (75GHz-90GHz), which meets the requirement of the concentrated attenuator.
It can be seen that the concentrated attenuator provided according to the present invention has a significantly lower standing wave coefficient than the conventional attenuator and a lower standing wave coefficient in the low frequency band, in the case of the concentrated attenuator of the same attenuation material, the same outer dimension, length, width, thickness, even in the case of a thickness greater than the thinnest point of the wedge portion of the comparative concentrated attenuator; meanwhile, the processing is simple and easy to realize, and the structure has better structural strength and is not easy to break or deform.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided a traveling-wave tube, including the concentrated attenuator and the slow-wave structure as described above, wherein the concentrated attenuator is disposed in a cut-off of the slow-wave structure of the traveling-wave tube, and a notching direction of the concentrated attenuator faces a direction of microwave input. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that the concentrated attenuator provided by the present invention is not only suitable for the folded waveguide traveling wave tube, but also suitable for other traveling wave tubes with metal slow wave structures, such as interdigital, T-shaped wire, etc.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A concentrated attenuator is characterized by comprising a substrate with a uniform thickness and a groove formed in the substrate and extending from one side in the length direction, wherein the length of the groove is smaller than that of the concentrated attenuator.
2. The concentrated attenuator of claim 1, wherein the recess is a through slot.
3. The concentrated attenuator of claim 1, wherein the groove is an elliptical groove, and the width of the groove becomes smaller along the extension direction of the length of the substrate.
4. The concentrated attenuator of claim 1, wherein the notch is an elliptical notch, the major axis of the notch being disposed along the extension of the length of the substrate.
5. The concentrated attenuator of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the substrate at the one side in the width direction is not more than 0.5 mm.
6. The concentrated attenuator of claim 3 or 4, wherein the elliptical troughs have a major axis of 8mm-5cm and a minor axis of 1mm-2 cm.
7. The concentrated attenuator of claim 3 or 4, wherein the major axis of the elliptical recess coincides with the centerline of the substrate in the lengthwise direction.
8. The concentrated attenuator of claim 1, wherein the groove has a centerline that coincides with or does not coincide with a longitudinal centerline of the substrate.
9. A traveling wave tube comprising a concentrated attenuator according to any of claims 1-8 and a slow wave structure, the concentrated attenuator being disposed at a cut-off of the slow wave structure.
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| CN201911042430.9A CN110767971A (en) | 2019-10-30 | 2019-10-30 | Centralized attenuator and traveling wave tube comprising same |
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| CN201911042430.9A CN110767971A (en) | 2019-10-30 | 2019-10-30 | Centralized attenuator and traveling wave tube comprising same |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN112908810A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-04 | 电子科技大学 | High-frequency circuit of wedge-shaped confocal waveguide cyclotron device |
| CN113712265A (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2021-11-30 | 海南摩尔兄弟科技有限公司 | Aerosol raw product, electronic atomizer and atomization system |
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Application publication date: 20200207 |