CN110767325B - Method for realizing fusion reactor plasma core charging by using sandwich shot - Google Patents
Method for realizing fusion reactor plasma core charging by using sandwich shot Download PDFInfo
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- CN110767325B CN110767325B CN201911049588.9A CN201911049588A CN110767325B CN 110767325 B CN110767325 B CN 110767325B CN 201911049588 A CN201911049588 A CN 201911049588A CN 110767325 B CN110767325 B CN 110767325B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing fusion reactor plasma core charging by using sandwich pellets, wherein the sandwich pellets are placed in a charging chamber, and a vacuum pump unit is connected with the charging chamber to provide a vacuum environment for the charging chamber so as to avoid the oxidation of the surface of a metal shell of the sandwich pellets; the feeding pipeline is connected with the feeding chamber and the shot injector, and the shot injector is a device for providing power for high-speed shots; the invention adopts a double-layer sandwich pellet injection mode, the surface layer uses a lithium or beryllium protective shell, and the inner layer is filled with a solid fusion fuel hydrogen isotope or lithium deuteride material. In the high-temperature plasma discharge process of a fusion reactor, a sandwich pellet is injected into plasma at a high speed, and nuclear fuel on the inner layer of the sandwich pellet is protected to smoothly pass through a base region with a steep edge of the plasma and enter a plasma core by utilizing the ablation resistance of a metal shell on the surface layer of the sandwich pellet, so that the requirement of feeding the core of the burning plasma is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fusion reactors, in particular to a method for realizing fusion reactor plasma core charging by using sandwich pellets.
Background
Energy sources are the basis for the maintenance and development of human civilization. The magnetic confinement thermonuclear fusion energy with high efficiency, cleanness, safety and rich raw materials can be said to be the best way for solving the energy crisis for human beings. The complete construction of the international thermonuclear fusion experimental reactor (ITER) provides unprecedented opportunities for magnetic confinement thermonuclear fusion research.
Future ITER devices are planned to use a high confinement plasma operating mode (H mode). In the high confinement mode, the tokamak plasma boundary spontaneously forms a temperature, density and pressure plateau (pedestal) with a steep pressure gradient region, i.e., a boundary transport barrier, in a radially narrow region (about 1> r/a > 0.9). The region of the plasma within the mesa is generally referred to as the plasma core region, and it has been found experimentally that the core temperature gradient is constrained by the microscopic instability threshold to be characterized by a rigid distribution, so the mesa height essentially determines the maximum temperature and overall energy confinement and fusion gain achievable by the core plasma.
The main feeding means of the present and future ITER device comprises: common inflation, ultrasonic molecular beam injection inflation and ice fuel pellet injection. Wherein the corresponding time of the common inflation mode is more than 0.2s, and the injection speed is slow. The ultrasonic molecular beam injection inflation is that high-pressure subsonic gas is injected into a vacuum area after being expanded through a Laval nozzle, the speed of ultrasonic molecular beam SMBI is 400-1200 m/s, the particle deposition position is 3-8 cm (under ohmic discharge) in the outermost magnetic surface, and the SMBI delays: 2-6 ms. The ice fuel pellet injection is to make fusion fuel such as hydrogen/deuterium into ice pellets, and inject the ice pellets into plasma through a pellet injection system propelled by gas, and has the advantages of fast response time and injection speed of 300-500 m/s. In contrast, shot injection is the most desirable mode of feeding for future ITER devices.
However, for future fusion reactors, the mesa region will have very high plasma temperature and density due to the very high heating power (on the order of GW). The common deuterium-tritium ice projectile is easily and quickly ablated by plasma in the process of entering a core part through a platform base region and is difficult to enter the plasma core part, and the deuterium-tritium ice projectile is one of bottlenecks for restricting future fusion reactions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up for the defects of the prior art and provides a method for realizing fusion reactor plasma core charging by using sandwich pellets so as to solve the problem of plasma core charging in a fusion reactor device in the future.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for realizing fusion reactor plasma core charging by using sandwich pellets comprises the following steps: a charging chamber, a feeding pipeline, a vacuum pump unit, a pellet injector, a fusion reactor, plasma and a plasma core part; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: firstly, a vacuum pump unit is utilized to pump air to the feeding chamber, so that the vacuum degree is better than 10-3The requirement of Pa is to avoid the oxidative deterioration of the surface of the sandwich pellet;
step 2: placing the sandwich pellets in a feeding chamber to complete filling of the sandwich pellets in the feeding chamber;
and step 3: the acceleration of the projectile is realized through a projectile injector, and the injection speed of the sandwich projectile is more than 500 m/s;
and 4, step 4: the sandwich pellet injected into the plasma of the fusion reactor device passes through the base region with steep edge, and the ablation resistance of the lithium or beryllium shell on the surface layer of the sandwich pellet is utilized in the region, so that the nuclear fuel on the inner layer is protected to smoothly enter the core region of the plasma through the base region, and fusion reaction is carried out in the core region, and the core charging of the fusion reaction is realized.
The sandwich pellet is a solid spherical pellet and is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer; the surface layer is a protective shell made of lithium and beryllium, which are materials with low atomic number, compatible with fusion plasma and more ablation-resistant compared with hydrogen isotopes; the lithium material is an important fusion material, and tritium can be obtained by irradiating the lithium material with neutrons. Beryllium is also an excellent core material, and can realize multiplication of neutrons. Lithium or beryllium pellets penetrate the plasma more readily than deuterium pellets at the same velocity and size, possibly because of the relatively high melting temperature of lithium or beryllium and the relatively high heat load. The solid fusion fuel hydrogen isotope or lithium deuteride material is wrapped in the sandwich pellet.
The projectile injector is a high-speed projectile injection device and can obtain a projectile injection rate of more than 500 m/s; for the fusion reactor device, the larger the size of the fusion reactor, the higher the plasma density and temperature parameters, the higher the projectile velocity of the same size and material required for plasma core charging.
The high-speed projectile injection device can be a centrifugal acceleration injection device and also can be an electromagnetic acceleration injection device; for projectiles requiring higher velocities, accelerating devices that mix centrifugal acceleration with electromagnetic acceleration may also be used.
The fusion reactor is a magnetic confinement fusion reactor device, and ultra-high temperature plasma which is composed of light atomic nuclei such as deuterium and tritium and free electrons and is in a thermonuclear reaction state is confined in a limited volume by adopting a spiral magnetic field, so that the ultra-high temperature plasma can generate a large amount of atomic nuclear fusion reactions in a controlled manner to release energy.
The plasma is formed by the collection of ions, electrons and non-ionized neutral particles, is in a neutral substance state as a whole and is confined in the magnetic confinement fusion device.
The core charge is to send the fuel needed by the plasma discharge into the core area of the plasma by an accelerating mode, wherein the plasma core is an area within a steep platform base area for a high confinement plasma mode, the plasma temperature and the density are high, and the fusion fuel is ionized and completes the fusion reaction.
The vacuum pump unit is connected to the charging chamber and provides vacuum degree less than 10 for the charging chamber-3Pa vacuum environment, avoiding the oxidation of the metal shell, especially lithium, on the surface of the sandwich pellet.
According to the structure, in the high-temperature plasma discharge process of the fusion reactor, the sandwich pellet is injected into plasma at a high speed, and nuclear fuel on the inner layer of the sandwich pellet is protected to smoothly pass through the base region with a steep edge of the plasma and enter the core part of the plasma by utilizing the ablation resistance of the metal shell on the surface of the sandwich pellet, so that the requirement of feeding the core part of the combustion plasma is met.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention adopts a double-layer sandwich pellet injection mode, the surface of the pellet adopts a lithium or beryllium protective shell, and the inner layer of the pellet is filled with solid fusion fuel hydrogen isotopes or lithium deuteride materials. In the high-temperature plasma discharge process of a fusion reactor, the sandwich pellet is injected into plasma at high speed, and nuclear fuel on the inner layer of the sandwich pellet is protected to smoothly pass through the base region with steep edges of the plasma and enter the core part of the plasma by utilizing the ablation resistance of the metal shell on the surface of the sandwich pellet, so that the requirement of feeding the core part of the burning plasma is met. The method of the invention effectively solves the problem of core charging of the combustion plasma in the fusion reactor, and provides a new method for core charging in the future fusion reactor by a high-speed injection mode of the sandwich shot.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sandwich projectile in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plasma core and pedestal region display of the present invention.
In the figure: the device comprises a fusion reactor 1, a plasma 2, a sandwich pellet 3, a feeding chamber 4, a feeding pipeline 5, a vacuum pump unit 6, a pellet injector 7, a discharging pipeline 8, a sandwich pellet lining 9, a surface layer 10, a plasma core 11 and a platform base region 12.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention without creative efforts.
Referring to the attached drawings 1-3, a method for realizing fusion reactor plasma core charging by using sandwich pellets comprises the sandwich pellets 3, a charging chamber 4, a feeding pipeline 5, a vacuum pump unit 6, a pellet injector 7, a fusion reactor 1, a plasma 2 and a plasma core 11. The sandwich projectile is characterized in that the sandwich projectile 3 is placed in a feeding chamber 4, a vacuum pump unit 6 is connected with the feeding chamber, a feeding pipeline 5 is connected with the feeding chamber 4 and a projectile injector 7, the projectile injector 7 is an accelerating pushing device of the projectile, the fusion reactor 1 is a magnetic confinement fusion reactor device, the plasma 2 is formed by a set of ions, electrons and non-ionized neutral particles, the whole body is in a neutral material state, and the plasma core part 11 is a region within a steep platform base region 12 for a high confinement plasma mode.
The sandwich pellet 3 as a key component is a solid spherical pellet and is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer; the surface layer 10 is a protective shell made of lithium and beryllium, which are materials with low atomic number, compatible with fusion plasma and more resistant to ablation than hydrogen isotopes; the lithium material is an important fusion material, and tritium can be obtained by irradiating the lithium material with neutrons. Beryllium is also an excellent core material, and can realize multiplication of neutrons. The inner layer 9 of the sandwich pellet wraps a solid fusion fuel hydrogen isotope or lithium deuteride material.
The projectile injector 7 as a key component is a high-speed projectile injection device that can achieve a projectile injection rate >500 m/s; the pellet injector is connected to the feed chamber 4 through a feed line 5 and to the fusion reactor apparatus through a discharge line 8. The high-speed projectile injection device can be a centrifugal acceleration injection device and also can be an electromagnetic acceleration injection device; for projectiles requiring higher velocities, accelerating devices that mix centrifugal acceleration with electromagnetic acceleration may also be used.
The fusion reactor 1 as a key component is a magnetic confinement fusion reactor device, and a spiral magnetic field (which is a spiral magnetic field formed by superposing a circumferential field and a polar field, the device of the invention is about 2.5T at present, the future fusion reactor is stronger, and charged particles do spiral motion around a magnetic field line and are confined by the magnetic field) is adopted to confine deuterium and tritium plasmas 2 in the fusion reactor, so that the fusion reactor can generate a large amount of nuclear fusion reactions in a controlled manner to release energy.
The plasma 2 as a key component is composed of ions, electrons and unionized neutral particles, is in a neutral substance state as a whole and is confined in the magnetic confinement fusion device.
The core charge as a key component is to feed the fuel required for plasma discharge into the region of the plasma core 11 by acceleration, wherein the plasma core 11 is a region within the plateau region 12 steep for the high confinement plasma mode; in a high confinement plasma, an Edge Transport Barrier (ETB) is spontaneously formed in an edge plasma region, and a steep pressure gradient region, i.e., a plasma mesa region, is formed in the ETB region due to turbulence and its driven transport being suppressed. The density and temperature of the plasma in the core region inside the table base are high, namely the pressure of the plasma is high (the plasma pressure is proportional to the plasma density and temperature), and the fusion fuel particles are ionized in the core region and complete the fusion reaction.
A vacuum pump unit 6 as a key component is connected to the charging chamber 4 to provide a vacuum degree of less than 10 for the charging chamber 4-3Pa vacuum environment, avoiding the oxidation of the metal shell of the surface layer 10 of the sandwich projectile 3, in particular lithium material.
The specific working flow of the method for realizing fusion reactor plasma core charging by using the sandwich pellet is as follows: firstly, filling of the sandwich shot in the feeding chamber is completed, and the vacuum degree of the vacuum pump unit is superior to 10 by pumping air to the feeding system-3Pa, and avoids the oxidative deterioration of the surface of the sandwich pellet. The acceleration of the shot is realized through the shot injector, and the injection of the sandwich shot larger than 500m/s is realized by selecting a proper injection mode according to different requirements. The sandwich pellet injected into the plasma of the fusion reactor device firstly passes through the base region with steep edge, and the nuclear fuel at the inner layer is protected to smoothly enter the core region of the plasma through the base region by utilizing the ablation resistance of the lithium or beryllium shell on the surface layer of the sandwich pellet in the region, and fusion reaction is carried out in the core region, so that the requirement of core charging of the fusion reaction is met.
Although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, but various changes may be apparent to those skilled in the art, and it is intended that all inventive concepts utilizing the inventive concepts set forth herein be protected without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and limited by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for realizing fusion reactor plasma core charging by using sandwich pellets comprises the following steps: a charging chamber, a feeding pipeline, a vacuum pump unit, a pellet injector, a fusion reactor, plasma and a plasma core part; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: firstly, a vacuum pump unit is utilized to pump air to the feeding chamber, so that the vacuum degree is better than 10-3The requirement of Pa is to avoid the oxidative deterioration of the surface of the sandwich pellet;
step 2: placing the sandwich pellets in a feeding chamber to complete filling of the sandwich pellets in the feeding chamber;
and step 3: the acceleration of the shot is realized through a shot injector, and the shot injector is a centrifugal acceleration injection device or an electromagnetic acceleration injection device; for the shot requiring higher speed, an accelerating device for mixing centrifugal acceleration and electromagnetic acceleration is used, and the injection speed of the sandwich shot is more than 500 m/s;
and 4, step 4: the sandwich pellet injected into the plasma of the fusion reactor device passes through the base region with steep edge, and the nuclear fuel on the inner layer is protected to smoothly enter the core region of the plasma through the base region by utilizing the ablation resistance of the lithium or beryllium shell on the surface layer of the sandwich pellet in the region, and fusion reaction is carried out in the core region, so that the core charging of the fusion reaction is realized;
the sandwich pellet is a solid spherical pellet and is divided into an inner layer and an outer layer; the surface layer is a protective shell made of lithium and beryllium which are materials with low atomic number, compatible with fusion plasma and more ablation-resistant relative to hydrogen isotopes, and solid fusion fuel hydrogen isotope material is wrapped in the inner layer of the sandwich pellet;
the core charge is that fuel required for plasma discharge is continuously fed into the core area of the plasma in an accelerating manner, wherein the plasma core is an area within the table base for a high confinement plasma mode; in the high-confinement plasma, an Edge Transport Barrier (ETB) can be formed spontaneously in an edge plasma region, and a steep pressure gradient region, namely a plasma platform base region, is formed in the ETB region due to the fact that turbulent flow and the driven transport of the turbulent flow are inhibited; in the plasma core region, the fuel will ionize and undergo a fusion reaction.
2. The method for realizing the core feeding of the plasma of the fusion reactor by using the sandwich pellet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the fusion reactor is a magnetic confinement fusion reactor device, and ultra-high temperature plasma which is composed of light atomic nuclei such as deuterium and tritium and free electrons and is in a thermonuclear reaction state is confined in a limited volume by adopting a spiral magnetic field, so that a large amount of atomic nuclear fusion reactions are generated in a controlled manner to release energy; the plasma is formed by the collection of ions, electrons and non-ionized neutral particles, is in a neutral substance state as a whole and is confined in the magnetic confinement fusion device.
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| CN113913778B (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2023-09-08 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Online surface coating siliconized wall treatment method for fusion device |
| CN115240877A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-10-25 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Piston type lithium bullet former suitable for fusion device |
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