CN110766914A - Expressway safety risk monitoring and early warning method - Google Patents
Expressway safety risk monitoring and early warning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110766914A CN110766914A CN201911135355.0A CN201911135355A CN110766914A CN 110766914 A CN110766914 A CN 110766914A CN 201911135355 A CN201911135355 A CN 201911135355A CN 110766914 A CN110766914 A CN 110766914A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a highway safety risk monitoring and early warning method, which comprises the following steps of S1: dividing a mountain into a plurality of monitoring layers according to rock/soil layer layering, wherein a plurality of monitoring units are pre-embedded in each monitoring layer according to the rock/soil layer layering trend and are used for measuring the pressure variation of the monitoring layer; s2: fixing a plurality of GNSS (global navigation satellite system) surface displacement monitors on the same monitoring layer, wherein the GNSS surface displacement monitors are fixed on the surface of a mountain and are used for measuring the downward displacement of the surface of the mountain; s3: counting the downward deformation quantity and the pressure variation quantity of each monitoring layer by layer from top to bottom according to the height of the mountain; s4: and judging whether the downward deformation quantity and the pressure variation quantity of each monitoring layer have a gradual variation relation or not, and if so, sending a landslide early warning prompt. The scheme mainly aims at the landslide geological disasters caused by weathering or rainfall on the mountain of the highway to perform early warning, so that the landslide geological disasters are evacuated in advance, and the personal and property safety of vehicles is protected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of highway safety early warning, in particular to a highway safety risk monitoring and early warning method.
Background
The highway is a highway which can adapt to the average day and night passenger car traffic volume of more than 25000 vehicles in the year, is specially used for the high-speed driving of vehicles in different lanes and completely controls the entrance and exit, although the names of the highways are different, the highways are specially designed to have more than 4 lanes (including), two-way separated driving, completely control the entrance and exit and completely adopt a stereo cross highway, in addition, a plurality of countries control the entrance and exit and not all adopt the stereo cross direct main line, which is also called as the highway, the design of the highways is different from the design of the common highways, the design comprises the following contents of 1. the basic design basis of the vehicle speed, the traffic volume and the traffic capacity is the basic basis of the design of the highways, 2. the geometric design standard and the requirement of the highways are causal, 2. the design standard of the highways also has larger difference, 3. the general design standard of the general design is that the shortest distance of the highway is 357 line, ② when passing through a larger mountain, ③. the crossing mountain crossing over a mountain line, a mountain crossing straight line, a.
Due to the characteristics of the highway, the lines of the highway span mountains, rivers and other zones, and compared with urban traffic roads, the highway is greatly influenced by natural disasters, for example, landslides are easy to occur in mountains through which the highway passes in rainy seasons, and landslides are easy to occur in some broken bodies along with the aggravation of the weathering phenomenon. At present, facilities such as a slope protection net are arranged in the most common mode to solve the problem, but the facilities can only block small-scale talc, and the large-scale landslide phenomenon cannot be responded. Therefore, the method is very important for the geological disaster early warning of the expressway.
For example, chinese patent publication No. CN102013150B discloses a geological disaster prediction system based on rainfall intensity, slope soil moisture content and deformation amount, which comprises an automatic rain gauge for monitoring rainfall intensity of a geological disaster point, a soil moisture sensor for monitoring moisture in soil of the geological disaster point, an omni-directional tilt sensor for detecting surface and internal deformation of the geological disaster point, an omni-directional vision sensor for evaluating occurrence scale of geological disaster, an embedded system for wirelessly transmitting video and monitoring data, and a monitoring center computer for performing geological disaster prediction and forecast, the monitoring center computer comprises a communication module, a data receiving module, a geological disaster prediction module based on rainfall and rainfall intensity, a geological disaster prediction module based on a slope displacement-time curve, a geological disaster prediction module based on soil water content and rainfall intensity and a geological disaster prediction module based on soil water content and slope deformation.
The landslide monitoring system is mature in practical application, but the ubiquitous problem is that data acquisition needs to be carried out on site manually and periodically, so that landslide monitoring is lack of real-time performance. With the application of high and new technologies such as a three-dimensional laser scanning technology, a GPS one-machine-multiple-antenna system, INSAR (synthetic aperture radar interferometry) and multi-sensor integration in the fields of landslide monitoring, prediction and forecasting, the precision of landslide disaster deformation monitoring and forecasting is further improved. However, due to the problems of cost and the like, landslide monitoring is not applied in a large scale. The slope sliding deformation is staged, and a typical slope deformation displacement can be divided into 3 stages (as shown in figure 1), namely an initial deformation stage (the daily rate of monitoring points is below 1 mm), a stable deformation stage (the daily rate of monitoring points is between 1 and 10 mm) and an accelerated deformation stage (the daily rate of monitoring points is above 10 mm). Due to interference of factors such as natural climate and human activities, the change curve of the slope displacement along with time has fluctuation in most cases and is in an oscillation or step type, but the deformation damage stage can be judged through certain processing such as filtering and accumulation generation.
The traditional displacement measurement mode is that the monitoring point is installed on the slope body, and the displacement measurement is carried out in combination with the reference point, however to a slope body, when the landslide phenomenon takes place, not the whole landslide of the slope body, traditional monitoring point measurement mode can only be observed when the landslide part is located the monitoring point just, thereby make the phenomenon that the landslide prediction is inaccurate to appear.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a highway safety risk monitoring and early warning method which is mainly used for early warning landslide geological disasters caused by weathering or rainfall of a highway mountain body, so that evacuation is carried out in advance and personal and property safety of vehicles is protected.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a highway safety risk monitoring and early warning method comprises the following steps:
s1: dividing a mountain into a plurality of monitoring layers according to rock/soil layer layering, wherein a plurality of monitoring units are pre-embedded in each monitoring layer according to the rock/soil layer layering trend and are used for measuring the pressure variation of the monitoring layer;
s2: fixing a plurality of GNSS (global navigation satellite system) surface displacement monitors on the same monitoring layer, wherein the GNSS surface displacement monitors are fixed on the surface of a mountain and are used for measuring the downward displacement of the surface of the mountain;
s3: counting the downward deformation quantity and the pressure variation quantity of each monitoring layer by layer from top to bottom according to the height of the mountain;
s4: and judging whether the downward deformation quantity and the pressure variation quantity of each monitoring layer have a gradual variation relation or not, and if so, sending a landslide early warning prompt.
Further, the monitoring unit comprises a fixing rod, a left wing pressure plate and a right wing pressure plate, the left wing pressure plate and the right wing pressure plate are symmetrically distributed on the left side and the right side of the fixing rod, and when the monitoring unit is embedded, the left wing pressure plate and the right wing pressure plate keep the left side and the right side in a rock/soil layer layering direction.
Furthermore, an inclinometer is fixed to each of the left wing pressure plate and the right wing pressure plate along the insertion direction of the fixing rod, and the inclinometer is used for measuring inclination angle change trends of the left wing pressure plate and the right wing pressure plate under the condition of pressure.
Furthermore, when the pressure variation statistical analysis is carried out, the analysis is carried out according to a monitoring layer, and the steps are as follows:
s11: judging whether the pressure variation of the left wing pressure plate and the right wing pressure plate of each monitoring unit on the same monitoring layer is bilaterally symmetrical or whether the pressure variation of the left wing pressure plate and the right wing pressure plate between two adjacent monitoring units is symmetrical, analyzing whether the left wing pressure plate and the right wing pressure plate have a downward inclination change from outside to inside or not, and if the pressure variation is symmetrical, determining the pressure variation as effective data;
s12: analyzing whether the monitoring unit pressure variation of each monitoring layer has a symmetrical point from top to bottom layer by layer, and if so, analyzing whether the symmetrical point of each monitoring layer is positioned on the same landslide line;
s13: and analyzing whether the unit pressure variation of the same landslide line is gradually increased from top to bottom layer by layer, and if so, sending a landslide early warning prompt.
Further, the symmetry in step S11 means symmetry with each other within a certain difference, not absolute symmetry.
Further, the method for measuring downward movement deformation of the mountain surface in step S2 includes the following steps:
s21: analyzing whether the downward deformation quantity of a monitoring layer has a symmetrical point from top to bottom layer by layer;
s22: judging whether the symmetrical points of the deformation quantity under each monitoring layer are positioned on the same landslide line, if so, entering the next step:
s23: and analyzing whether the downward movement deformation quantity of each monitoring layer is gradually decreased or gradually increased from top to bottom layer by layer, or starting to gradually decrease or gradually increase from a certain monitoring layer, and if so, sending a landslide early warning prompt.
Furthermore, one or two or more monitoring layers are arranged on the same rock/soil layer, when only one monitoring layer is arranged, the monitoring layer is positioned at the bottommost layer of the rock/soil layer, and when two or more monitoring layers are arranged, the interval height of each monitoring layer is in gradient change.
Furthermore, each monitoring unit in the monitoring layer is uniformly distributed, and the distance between every two adjacent monitoring units is smaller than 1 meter.
Further, the GNSS earth surface displacement monitor is fixed on the surface of the mountain body through a fixing pile, and the GNSS earth surface displacement monitor is prevented from being shielded by obstacles so as to ensure monitoring accuracy.
Furthermore, when the obvious rock/soil stratification phenomenon does not exist in a mountain body, all monitoring layers are distributed in sequence in a gradient manner from top right to bottom.
Further, the distance between the monitoring layers does not exceed 10 meters.
Compared with the traditional landslide monitoring, the method has the beneficial effects that: the landslide state trend presented during landslide is used as a model for monitoring, the landslide state trend is bound to be accompanied by an explosion point during landslide, the landslide is glided in a fluid trend by taking the explosion point as a center, and therefore displacement variation and mountain internal pressure variation are bound to be the same before the landslide.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a typical landslide displacement curve;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the monitoring point arrangement of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single measuring unit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
As shown in fig. 2:
a highway safety risk monitoring and early warning method comprises the following steps:
s1: dividing a mountain into a plurality of monitoring layers according to rock/soil layers in a layered mode, wherein a plurality of monitoring units are embedded in each monitoring layer according to the layered trend of the rock/soil layers and are used for measuring the pressure variation of the monitoring layer, and the distribution schematic of the monitoring units can refer to a mode A in fig. 2;
s2: fixing a plurality of GNSS (global navigation satellite system) surface displacement monitors on the same monitoring layer, wherein the GNSS surface displacement monitors are fixed on the surface of a mountain and are used for measuring the downward displacement of the surface of the mountain;
s3: counting the downward deformation quantity and the pressure variation quantity of each monitoring layer by layer from top to bottom according to the height of the mountain;
s4: and judging whether the downward deformation quantity and the pressure variation quantity of each monitoring layer have a gradual variation relation or not, and if so, sending a landslide early warning prompt.
As shown in fig. 3, the monitoring unit comprises a fixing rod 1, a left wing pressure plate 2 and a right wing pressure plate 3, the left wing pressure plate 2 and the right wing pressure plate 3 are symmetrically distributed on the left side and the right side of the fixing rod, and when the monitoring unit is embedded, the left wing pressure plate 2 and the right wing pressure plate 3 keep the left side and the right side in a rock/soil layer layering direction. The left wing pressure plate 2 and the right wing pressure plate 3 are respectively fixed with an inclinometer 4 along the insertion direction of the fixing rod 1, and the inclinometer 4 is used for measuring the inclination change trend of the left wing pressure plate 2 and the right wing pressure plate 3 under the condition of pressure.
As a preferred embodiment, when the pressure variation statistical analysis is performed, the analysis is performed according to the monitoring layer, and the steps are as follows:
s11: judging whether the pressure variation of the left wing pressure plate and the right wing pressure plate of each monitoring unit on the same monitoring layer is bilaterally symmetrical or whether the pressure variation of the left wing pressure plate and the right wing pressure plate between two adjacent monitoring units is symmetrical, analyzing whether the left wing pressure plate 2 and the right wing pressure plate 3 have a downward inclination change from outside to inside, and if the pressure variation is symmetrical, determining the pressure variation as effective data; symmetry in this case means symmetry with respect to each other within a certain range of difference, not absolute symmetry. Through a plurality of landslide model analyses, in the landslide in-process, the sliding speed of the surface layer slope body is all greater than the inlayer layer slope body, but before the landslide begins or is about to begin, it is often that the inside variation of slope body is greater than the outside, finally lead to the large tracts of land landslide phenomenon on slope body surface, therefore the biggest core measuring point of this scheme, in the pressure change condition in measuring the slope body, thereby as predicting in advance, once find that the slope body is inside to appear sinking, and the trend of sinking is by outer inside downward sloping, then indicate that the landslide is about to come, thereby make the landslide early warning.
S12: after the stress change in the slope body is analyzed, whether a symmetrical point exists in the pressure variation of the monitoring unit of each monitoring layer or not is analyzed layer by layer from top to bottom, a large-area landslide phenomenon shows a conical downward flow, one or more explosion points causing landslide inevitably exist before the landslide starts, the displacement amount or the stress variation of the explosion point is the largest, a symmetrical variation inevitably exists by taking the point as a center, whether one or more symmetrical points exist in the pressure variation or not is analyzed, if the symmetrical points exist, whether the symmetrical points of each monitoring layer are located on the same landslide line or not is analyzed, namely, the landslide line where the explosion points are located in the process from top to bottom of the landslide always belongs to a line with the largest downward sliding trend, and therefore the symmetrical points are inevitably located on the line, and the corresponding result can be obtained by analyzing the symmetrical points.
S13: whether the unit pressure variation of the same landslide line is gradually increased is analyzed layer by layer from top to bottom, if yes, a landslide early warning prompt is sent, the impact force of debris flow generated by landslide is more and more, but in the beginning stage of landslide, because a slope body is not greatly displaced, the impact is smaller downwards with an explosion point as the center, and the pressure variation is a trend of gradual decrease layer by layer. Two models are included, the first is that the pressure of the whole slope body is gradually reduced from top to bottom, and the second model can be that the pressure of the whole slope body is gradually reduced after the pressure of the whole slope body is suddenly increased and then gradually reduced. The intuitive expression of the first model is that one landslide explosion point exists in the landslide, and the second model is that a plurality of landslide explosion points possibly exist.
As a preferred embodiment, the method for measuring the amount of downward shift of the mountain surface in step S2 includes the following steps:
s21: analyzing whether the downward deformation quantity of a monitoring layer has a symmetrical point from top to bottom layer by layer;
s22: judging whether the symmetrical points of the deformation quantity under each monitoring layer are positioned on the same landslide line, if so, entering the next step:
s23: and analyzing whether the downward movement deformation quantity of each monitoring layer is gradually decreased or gradually increased from top to bottom layer by layer, or starting to gradually decrease or gradually increase from a certain monitoring layer, and if so, sending a landslide early warning prompt.
As a preferred embodiment, one or two or more monitoring layers are arranged on the same rock/soil layer, when only one monitoring layer is arranged, the monitoring layer is positioned at the bottommost layer of the rock/soil layer, and when two or more monitoring layers are arranged, the spacing height of each monitoring layer is in gradient change. In practical application, how many monitoring layers are arranged on the same rock/soil layer can be selected according to the height of the rock/soil layer, reasonable design is carried out according to different layering conditions of rock and soil layers of different slope bodies, the layering height of partial slope bodies is low, only one monitoring layer is designed, but no obvious layering exists in some slope bodies, or the layering height is large, and a plurality of monitoring layers are designed. In principle, the distance between the monitoring layers does not exceed 10 meters.
As a preferred embodiment, all monitoring units in the monitoring layer are uniformly distributed, the distance between every two adjacent monitoring units is smaller than 1 meter, the GNSS earth surface displacement monitor is fixed on the surface of a mountain through a fixing pile, and when no obvious rock/soil layer layering phenomenon exists in the mountain, all monitoring layers are sequentially distributed in a gradient mode from top to bottom.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to other embodiments, and to various other combinations, modifications, and environments and may be modified within the scope of the inventive concept as described herein by the teachings or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A highway safety risk monitoring and early warning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: dividing a mountain into a plurality of monitoring layers according to rock/soil layer layering, wherein a plurality of monitoring units are pre-embedded in each monitoring layer according to the rock/soil layer layering trend and are used for measuring the pressure variation of the monitoring layer;
s2: fixing a plurality of GNSS (global navigation satellite system) surface displacement monitors on the same monitoring layer, wherein the GNSS surface displacement monitors are fixed on the surface of a mountain and are used for measuring the downward displacement of the surface of the mountain;
s3: counting the downward deformation quantity and the pressure variation quantity of each monitoring layer by layer from top to bottom according to the height of the mountain;
s4: and judging whether the downward deformation quantity and the pressure variation quantity of each monitoring layer have a gradual variation relation or not, and if so, sending a landslide early warning prompt.
2. The highway safety risk monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring unit comprises a fixing rod (1), a left wing pressure plate (2) and a right wing pressure plate (3), the left wing pressure plate (2) and the right wing pressure plate (3) are symmetrically distributed on the left side and the right side of the fixing rod (1), and when the monitoring unit is pre-buried, the left wing pressure plate (2) and the right wing pressure plate (3) keep the left side and the right side according to the rock/soil layer layering direction.
3. The highway safety risk monitoring and early warning method according to claim 1, wherein an inclinometer (4) is fixed to each of the left wing pressure plate (2) and the right wing pressure plate (3) along the insertion direction of the fixing rod (1), and the inclinometer (4) is used for measuring inclination change trends of the left wing pressure plate (2) and the right wing pressure plate (3) under pressure.
4. The highway safety risk monitoring and early warning method according to claim 3, wherein during pressure variation statistical analysis, analysis is performed according to a monitoring layer, and the method comprises the following steps:
s11: judging whether the pressure variation of a left wing pressure plate (2) and a right wing pressure plate (3) of each monitoring unit on the same monitoring layer is bilaterally symmetrical or whether the pressure variation of the left wing pressure plate (2) and the right wing pressure plate (3) between two adjacent monitoring units is symmetrical, analyzing whether the left wing pressure plate (2) and the right wing pressure plate (3) have a downward inclination change from outside to inside or not, and if the pressure variation is symmetrical, determining the pressure variation as effective data;
s12: analyzing whether the monitoring unit pressure variation of each monitoring layer has a symmetrical point from top to bottom layer by layer, and if so, analyzing whether the symmetrical point of each monitoring layer is positioned on the same landslide line;
s13: and analyzing whether the unit pressure variation of the same landslide line is gradually increased from top to bottom layer by layer, and if so, sending a landslide early warning prompt.
5. The method for monitoring and warning highway safety risk according to claim 4, wherein the symmetry in step S11 is that the symmetry is symmetrical to each other within a certain difference, not absolute symmetry.
6. The method for monitoring and warning highway safety risk according to claim 5, wherein the method for measuring downward deformation of mountain surface in step S2 comprises the following steps:
s21: analyzing whether the downward deformation quantity of a monitoring layer has a symmetrical point from top to bottom layer by layer;
s22: judging whether the symmetrical points of the deformation quantity under each monitoring layer are positioned on the same landslide line, if so, entering the next step:
s23: and analyzing whether the downward movement deformation quantity of each monitoring layer is gradually decreased or gradually increased from top to bottom layer by layer, or starting to gradually decrease or gradually increase from a certain monitoring layer, and if so, sending a landslide early warning prompt.
7. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, wherein one or two or more monitoring layers are disposed on the same rock/soil layer, and when only one monitoring layer is disposed, the monitoring layer is disposed at the lowest layer of the rock/soil layer, and when two or more monitoring layers are disposed, the spacing height of each monitoring layer changes in a gradient manner.
8. The highway safety risk monitoring and early warning method according to claim 7, wherein the monitoring units in the monitoring layer are uniformly distributed, the distance between two adjacent monitoring units is less than 1 meter, the GNSS surface displacement monitor is fixed on the surface of a mountain through a fixing pile, and the GNSS surface displacement monitor is prevented from being blocked by obstacles so as to ensure monitoring accuracy.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein when there is no obvious layering of rock/soil layers on a mountain, the monitoring layers are distributed in sequence with a gradient from top right to bottom.
10. The method for monitoring and warning the safety risk of the expressway according to claim 9, wherein the distance between the monitoring layers is not more than 10 meters.
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| CN113096360A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-09 | 贵州大学 | Novel slope fixing monitoring early warning device and analysis monitoring method |
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Address after: No.2, Wuhouci East Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000 Patentee after: Sichuan wisdom High Speed Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: No.2, Wuhouci East Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000 Patentee before: SICHUAN GAOLU TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION ENGINEERING CO.,LTD. |