CN110766291B - Horizontal plane daily total radiation data acquisition method based on solar radiation subareas - Google Patents

Horizontal plane daily total radiation data acquisition method based on solar radiation subareas Download PDF

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CN110766291B
CN110766291B CN201910930612.3A CN201910930612A CN110766291B CN 110766291 B CN110766291 B CN 110766291B CN 201910930612 A CN201910930612 A CN 201910930612A CN 110766291 B CN110766291 B CN 110766291B
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于瑛
杨柳
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Xian University of Architecture and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for acquiring horizontal plane daily total radiation data based on solar radiation subareas, which is characterized in that the solar radiation subareas are acquired by using a clustering analysis subarea method based on meteorological data, so that the data quantity participating in the subareas is increased, and the accuracy of the subarea result is improved, thereby improving the accuracy of the solar radiation data acquisition; by adopting a partitioning method combining a clustering algorithm and geographical distribution, the result of partitioning has both objectivity and practicability, so that the accuracy of obtaining solar radiation data is improved; a daily total radiation calculation model for a radiation area is provided, a determination method of a constant coefficient of the area model is provided, a new acquisition method is provided for generating daily total radiation in a non-radiation observation data area in China, and the accuracy of acquiring solar radiation data is improved.

Description

Horizontal plane daily total radiation data acquisition method based on solar radiation subareas
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for acquiring total solar radiation data, in particular to a method for acquiring total horizontal plane daily radiation data based on solar radiation partitions.
Background
Solar radiation is used as a key meteorological element influencing the indoor thermal environment, human body thermal comfort and building energy consumption of a building, and data of the solar radiation is an important basis for formulating a design strategy of the thermal environment of the building. Along with the continuous deep urbanization process and the increasingly prominent fine and precise construction requirements of China, higher requirements are put forward on radiation data.
Generally, solar radiation data are obtained by direct observation of solar radiation observation stations, but are limited to problems of capital, maintenance and the like, only 98 solar radiation ground observation stations are available in China, the number of the solar radiation ground observation stations is not matched with the development requirement of urbanization in China, the solar radiation data of regions without the solar radiation observation stations cannot be obtained by measurement, and the depth of building energy-saving design is greatly restricted by the shortage of the solar radiation data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for acquiring horizontal plane daily total radiation data based on solar radiation subareas, which is used for solving the problem that solar radiation data cannot be acquired in certain areas without solar radiation observation sites in the prior art.
In order to realize the task, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a horizontal plane daily total radiation data acquisition method based on solar radiation subareas is used for acquiring daily solar total radiation of a target area according to meteorological data acquired by a meteorological observation station, wherein the target area has no radiation observation station, and the method is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, acquiring meteorological data of a plurality of meteorological observation sites in a geographic range, and acquiring an observation data matrix according to the meteorological data;
clustering the observation data matrix to obtain a plurality of labels;
dividing a geographical range according to the labels to obtain a plurality of solar radiation subareas, wherein each solar radiation subarea comprises at least one region, and one solar radiation subarea comprises a target region;
step 2, acquiring the average clear sky index of the solar radiation subarea of the target area in the year-round;
step 3, selecting a total daily radiant quantity calculation model according to the annual average clear sky index of the solar radiation subarea where the target area is located, and specifically comprising the following steps:
if the average clear sky index of the sun in the year is less than or equal to 0.4, the calculation model of the total solar radiation amount is
Figure GDA0003699897530000021
Wherein G is total solar radiation in MJ/m2 0 The total daily astronomical radiance is MJ/m2, T max The daily maximum air temperature obtained for the meteorological observation site in units of DEG C, T min The lowest daily air temperature obtained by the meteorological observation station is measured in the unit of DEG C, S is the sunshine duration obtained by the meteorological observation station is measured in the unit of h, S 0 The number of illuminable hours obtained by the meteorological observation station is h; a. b and c are constant coefficients;
if the average clear sky index of the sun in the successive years is more than 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.55, the calculation model of the total solar radiation amount is
Figure GDA0003699897530000022
Wherein E is the average air pressure obtained by the meteorological observation station, the unit is hPa, and d is a constant coefficient;
if the average clear sky index is large in the successive daysAt 0.55, the calculation model of the total solar radiation amount is
Figure GDA0003699897530000023
And 4, obtaining the total daily solar radiation of the target area according to the total daily radiation calculation model.
Further, obtaining the constant coefficient of the daily total radiation calculation model in the step 3 specifically includes:
selecting at least one sample area from all areas included in a solar radiation subarea where a target area is located, wherein the sample area is an area with a meteorological observation station and a radiation observation station;
obtaining meteorological observation data and radiation observation data in each sample area to obtain sample data, wherein the meteorological observation data comprises a illuminable time S 0 And the sunshine hours S obtained by the meteorological observation station, and the daily maximum air temperature T obtained by the meteorological observation station max Daily minimum air temperature T obtained at the weather observation site min And/or average atmospheric pressure E obtained by a meteorological observation station, wherein the radiation observation data comprise the total solar radiation G of the sample area;
and performing regression on the selected daily total radiation calculation model by using the sample data to obtain a constant coefficient of the daily total radiation calculation model.
Further, the step 1 specifically includes:
step 1.1, acquiring observation data of N regions with ground meteorological observation sites in a geographic range from t1 to t2, and acquiring cumulative monthly mean value data of sunshine duration and cumulative monthly mean value data of daily average temperature of each region with the meteorological observation sites, wherein N is the number of the ground meteorological observation sites and is a positive integer;
wherein the mean data of the year-round months of the sunshine hours of any region with a meteorological observation site comprises
Figure GDA0003699897530000031
Wherein
Figure GDA0003699897530000032
Represents the annual monthly mean of the mth month sunshine hours; the data of the annual average temperature and the monthly average value of the daily average temperature of any region with a meteorological observation site comprise
Figure GDA0003699897530000033
Wherein
Figure GDA0003699897530000034
Representing the mean annual average temperature of the mth month;
step 1.2, filling the chronological monthly average value data of the sunshine hours of each region with the meteorological observation site and the daily average air temperature chronological monthly average value data into an Nx 25 matrix to obtain an observation data matrix;
each row in the observation data matrix represents an observation station, the first column represents the number of the observation station, the second column to the thirteenth column represent the annual monthly mean value of sunshine hours from the 1 st month to the 12 th month, and the fourteenth column to the twenty-fifth column represent the annual monthly mean value of the average air temperature on the day from the 1 st month to the 12 th month;
step 1.3, normalizing the numerical values of the second column to the twenty-fifth column in the observation data matrix to obtain a normalized observation data matrix;
step 1.4, carrying out hierarchical clustering on the normalized observation data matrix to obtain the number of label classes;
according to the label number, distributing labels for each region with the meteorological observation station;
step 1.5, dividing the map corresponding to the geographic range according to the label, and specifically comprising the following steps:
and dividing the region corresponding to the same label and at least comprising one meteorological observation station into a solar radiation subarea to obtain a plurality of solar radiation subareas.
Further, the step 1.4 of performing hierarchical clustering on the normalized observation data matrix to obtain a tag class number specifically includes:
performing hierarchical clustering on the normalized observation data matrix to obtain inflection points of a dispersion square sum curve in the hierarchical clustering;
and taking the value of the deviation square and the quantity of the curve inflection points as a label class number.
Further, at least one region with a meteorological observation site corresponding to the same tag is divided into a solar radiation subarea, a plurality of solar radiation subareas are obtained, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1.5.1, dividing regions with the same labels and meteorological observation sites into the same type, and taking the same type of region as a region to obtain a plurality of regions, wherein each region comprises at least one region with meteorological observation sites;
step 1.5.2, mapping the plurality of areas to a map corresponding to a geographical range to obtain a partition map;
step 1.5.3, searching two adjacent areas in the partition map, obtaining a boundary of the two adjacent areas, and specifically performing the following steps:
1.5.3.1, searching two adjacent areas in the partition map, namely an area A and an area B, and respectively obtaining area position point sets of meteorological observation sites at the edges of the area A and the area B;
the region position point set of the region edge of the A region with the meteorological observation station comprises I region edge points of the A region, the region position point set of the region edge of the B region with the meteorological observation station comprises J region edge points of the B region, and the I and the J are positive integers;
step 1.5.3.2, calculating the geodetic distance between the ith A area edge point and the J B area edge points, and taking the midpoint of the geodetic distance between the jth B area edge point which is closest to the geodetic distance and the ith A area edge point as a boundary point, wherein I is less than or equal to I, and J is less than or equal to J;
step 1.5.3.3, repeating step 1.5.3.2 until all boundary points are obtained, connecting all boundary points into a line, and obtaining a boundary line of two adjacent areas;
and 1.5.4, repeating the step 1.5.3 until all boundaries are obtained, and dividing the geographical range according to the boundaries to obtain a plurality of solar radiation partitions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the method for acquiring the total daily radiation data of the horizontal plane based on the solar radiation subareas, provided by the invention, takes the fact that the quantity of ground meteorological observation stations in China is far more than that of the radiation observation stations into consideration, and the method for acquiring the radiation subareas by utilizing the meteorological data increases the data quantity participating in the subareas and improves the accuracy of the subarea results, thereby improving the accuracy of acquiring the solar radiation data;
2. the method for acquiring the horizontal plane daily total radiation data based on the solar radiation subareas adopts a subarea method combining a clustering algorithm and geographical distribution, and the result of the subareas takes both objectivity and practicability into consideration, so that the accuracy of acquiring the solar radiation data is improved;
3. the method for acquiring the horizontal plane total daily radiation data based on the solar radiation subareas, which is provided by the invention, provides a total daily radiation calculation model for a radiation area and a determination method for a constant coefficient of the area model, provides a new acquisition method for generating the total daily radiation in a non-radiation observation data area in China, and improves the accuracy of acquiring the solar radiation data.
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FIG. 1 is a dispersion sum of squares curve provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a demarcation line acquisition provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. So that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention. It is to be expressly noted that in the following description, a detailed description of known functions and designs will be omitted when it may obscure the main content of the present invention.
The following definitions or conceptual connotations relating to the present invention are provided for illustration:
total solar radiation: total solar radiation during a day.
Clear sky index: the ratio of the total solar radiation incident on the horizontal plane to the astronomical radiation.
Sunshine hours: the time of direct sunlight irradiating the ground in one day is obtained by observation of a meteorological observation station.
Number of hours of illumination (astronomical number of hours of illumination): in the absence of any shading, the time that the sun's rays travel from the east to the west horizon of a particular region, the number of hours of daily sunshine for each region, is a fixed number calculated from geographic and astronomical parameters.
Total amount of solar astronomical radiation: the total daily astronomical radiation for each region is a fixed value calculated from geographic and astronomical parameters, without considering atmospheric effects on the earth's surface and only determined by the solar radiation due to the solar-terrestrial astronomical relationship.
The embodiment discloses a method for acquiring total daily radiation data of a horizontal plane based on solar radiation partitions, which is used for calculating the total daily solar radiation of the horizontal plane of a target area according to meteorological data acquired by a meteorological observation station, wherein the target area is free of the meteorological observation station.
The method comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring meteorological data of a plurality of meteorological observation sites in a geographic range, and acquiring an observation data matrix according to the meteorological data;
clustering the observation data matrix to obtain a plurality of labels;
dividing a geographical range according to the labels to obtain a plurality of solar radiation zones, wherein each solar radiation zone comprises at least one region, and one solar radiation zone comprises a target region;
in the invention, the geographical range can be worldwide, asian or nationwide, and the geographical range can be determined by the location of the target area, for example, the target area is a ganoderma lucidum area, and the geographical range can be china or asian; or the target area is hokkaido, the geographic scope may be all japan or all asia.
In this step, the meteorological data includes sunshine hours, daily average air temperature, average air pressure, average wind speed, average relative humidity, daily deterioration, and the like, but in order to improve the accuracy of the method for finally obtaining the sunshine radiation data, the meteorological data is first screened.
In the embodiment, the offset correlation and the complex correlation coefficient of each meteorological parameter and the total daily radiation are calculated one by using the data of 91 observation stations which have meteorological observation and solar radiation observation in China in 2000-2013 (sunshine hours, daily average temperature, average air pressure, average wind speed, average relative humidity and poor daily) and the total daily radiation observation data, the correlation test result shows that the correlation between the sunshine hours and the daily average temperature and the total daily radiation is higher than that of other meteorological parameters, and the sunshine hours and the daily average temperature are selected as the solar radiation climate partition indexes.
Optionally, step 1 specifically includes:
step 1.1, acquiring observation data of N regions with ground meteorological observation sites in a geographic range from t1 to t2, and acquiring cumulative monthly mean value data of sunshine duration and cumulative monthly mean value data of daily average temperature of each region with the meteorological observation sites, wherein N is the number of the ground meteorological observation sites and is a positive integer;
the annual monthly mean data of the sunshine hours of any region with meteorological observation site comprises
Figure GDA0003699897530000071
Wherein
Figure GDA0003699897530000072
Represents the annual monthly mean of the mth month sunshine hours; the monthly mean value data of the mean temperature of any region with meteorological observation sites comprises
Figure GDA0003699897530000081
Wherein
Figure GDA0003699897530000082
Representing the annual average temperature of the mth month;
in the present embodiment, the cluster data is from the Chinese ground climate data day data set. 641 observation sites with national weather observation data continuously recorded for more than 20 years between 1 month and 2013 and 12 months and 31 days are selected.
And respectively calculating the sunshine hours of 641 stations from 1984 to 2013 and the annual and monthly average value of daily average air temperature.
Figure GDA0003699897530000083
Figure GDA0003699897530000084
The average of the sun hours of the mth month, i.e. m is 1,2 … …, 12. Unit: hours (h).
S y(m) : the mean of the number of days of the mth month in the y-th year, y is 1,2 … …, n, 20<n is less than or equal to 30. Unit: hour (h).
Figure GDA0003699897530000085
Figure GDA0003699897530000086
The average temperature in the mth month and the average temperature in the mth month, m is 1,2 … …, 12. Unit: DEG C.
T y(m) : mean value of mean temperatures in month and day m in year y, y being 1,2 … …, n, 20<n is less than or equal to 30. Unit: DEG C.
Step 1.2, filling the chronological monthly average value data of the sunshine hours of each region with the meteorological observation site and the daily average air temperature chronological monthly average value data into an Nx 25 matrix to obtain an observation data matrix;
each row in the observation data matrix represents an observation station, the first column represents the number of the observation station, the second column to the thirteenth column represent the annual monthly mean value of sunshine hours from the 1 st month to the 12 th month, and the fourteenth column to the twenty-fifth column represent the annual monthly mean value of the average air temperature on the day from the 1 st month to the 12 th month;
in this embodiment, a 641 × 25 observation matrix is established, the number of rows of the matrix is 641, each row represents an observation station, the number of columns of the matrix is 25, the 1 st column is a station number, the 2 nd to 13 th columns are annual monthly mean values of sun hours of 1 month to 12 months, and the 14 th to 25 th columns are annual monthly mean values of average air temperatures of 1 month to 12 months.
Step 1.3, normalizing the numerical values of the second column to the twenty-fifth column in the observation data matrix to obtain a normalized observation data matrix;
in the embodiment, the data in the 2 nd to 25 th columns of the observation data matrix are normalized to eliminate the dimensional difference between the sunshine hours and the daily average air temperature.
Step 1.4, carrying out hierarchical clustering on the normalized observation data matrix to obtain a label class number;
according to the label number, distributing labels for each region with the meteorological observation station;
optionally, the step 1.4 of performing hierarchical clustering on the normalized observation data matrix to obtain a tag class number specifically includes:
performing hierarchical clustering on the normalized observation data matrix to obtain the quantity of dispersion square and curve inflection points in the hierarchical clustering;
and taking the value of the deviation square and the quantity of the curve inflection points as a label class number.
In this embodiment, the solar radiation partitioning is completed by a bottom-up condensation classification method in hierarchical clustering, each sample is a class at the beginning of clustering, the Ward algorithm is selected for class-to-class merging, and the distance between samples is the squared Euclidean (Euclidean) distance. When the classes are sequentially merged, a new dispersion square sum is generated, a dispersion square sum curve is shown in figure 1, and the best classification number of solar radiation in China is judged to be 8 according to the inflection point of the curve.
Step 1.5, according to the labels, dividing at least one region with a meteorological observation site corresponding to the same label into a solar radiation subarea to obtain a plurality of solar radiation subareas.
In this embodiment, the site areas included in the same type of tag are mostly concentrated in one geographical area in the spatial distribution, but some site areas are far away from the concentrated area of the tag of this type and are located in the concentrated area of other types of tags, which is called an outlier, for example, the geographical position of the class 3 outlier is located in the concentrated area of the class 2 tag, and the geographical area where the tags of the same type are concentrated is divided into one radiation area without considering the outlier when dividing the solar radiation area.
Optionally, in step 1.5, according to the tag, at least one region with a weather observation station corresponding to the same tag is divided into a solar radiation partition, so as to obtain a plurality of solar radiation partitions, which is specifically executed according to the following steps:
1.5.1, dividing regions with the same labels and meteorological observation sites into the same type, and taking the same type of region as a region to obtain a plurality of regions, wherein each region comprises at least one region with meteorological observation sites;
step 1.5.2, mapping the plurality of areas to a map corresponding to a geographical range to obtain a partition map;
step 1.5.3, searching two adjacent areas in the partition map, obtaining a boundary of the two adjacent areas, and specifically performing the following steps:
step 1.5.3.1, searching two adjacent areas in the partition map, namely area A and area B, and respectively obtaining area position point sets of weather observation stations at the edge of area A and area B;
the region position point set of the meteorological observation station at the region edge A comprises I region edge points A, the region position point set of the meteorological observation station at the region edge B comprises J region edge points B, and I and J are positive integers;
step 1.5.3.2, calculating the geodetic distance between the ith A area edge point and the J B area edge points, and taking the midpoint of the geodetic distance between the jth B area edge point which is closest to the geodetic distance and the ith A area edge point as a boundary point, wherein I is less than or equal to I, and J is less than or equal to J;
1.5.3.3, repeating 1.5.3.2 until all boundary points are obtained, connecting all boundary points into a line, and obtaining a boundary line of two adjacent areas;
and 1.5.4, repeating the step 1.5.3 until all boundaries are obtained, and dividing the geographical range according to the boundaries to obtain a plurality of solar radiation partitions.
In this embodiment, several points of the 5-class and 6-class edge regions are randomly taken, as shown in fig. 2, i, i +1, i +2, … are edge points of the 5 th class, j, j +1, j +2, j +3, … are edge points of the 6 th class, and the geodetic distance between two points is calculated by using a gaussian mean derivative back formula according to the longitude and latitude of the edge points.
Taking point i as an example, the distance from point j is S i,j Denote that similar distances from j +1, j +2, j +3, … are denoted S, respectively i,j+1 ，S i,j+2 ，S i,j+3 … are provided. Taking Min (S) i,j ,S i,j+1 ,S i,j+2 ,S i,j+3 …), assuming the result is S i,j Then, the middle point of the distance between the I point and the j point is calculated and used as a boundary point, the calculation from the (I + 1), the (I + 2), … to the I point is sequentially completed according to the steps, a plurality of boundary points are obtained, and the points are connected by a smooth curve to be used as the boundary lines of the 5 th class and the 6 th class.
In this example, 8 solar radiation sections are finally obtained.
Step 2, acquiring the cumulative average clear sky index of the solar radiation subarea of the target area;
in the present embodiment, it is preferred that,
Figure GDA0003699897530000111
sun clear sky index (dimensionless), G is total daily radiation (MJ/m) 2 )，G 0 Is the total daily astronomical emission (MJ/m) 2 )。
Figure GDA0003699897530000112
In the formula I SC For solar constant, 4.921MJ/m is taken 2 ；
Figure GDA0003699897530000116
E 0 Is an eccentricity correction factor for the earth orbit.
Figure GDA0003699897530000113
Figure GDA0003699897530000114
The average clear sky index of the year-round day,
Figure GDA0003699897530000115
and (4) the average clear sky index of the day of the y year, and n is the recording age limit of the radiation observation data.
Taking the target region, namely the Nen river, as an example, the target region belongs to a solar radiation 4 region, and the target region comprises 7 sample regions with solar radiation observation data, namely the desert river, Aihui, Hiragel, Yu, Jia Musi, Harbin and Yangji. The average clear sky index of 7 sample areas in the year-round days is calculated by using the formula and is shown in table 1, and the average value is taken as the average clear sky index of the area in the year-round.
TABLE 1 average clear sky index of sample area over the years
Figure GDA0003699897530000121
Step 3, selecting a daily solar total radiation quantity calculation model according to the annual average clear sky index of the solar radiation subarea where the target area is located, and specifically comprising the following steps:
if the average clear sky index of the sun in the successive years is less than or equal to 0.4, the calculation model of the total solar radiation amount is
Figure GDA0003699897530000122
Wherein G is total solar radiation in MJ/m 2 ，G 0 The total daily astronomical radiance is MJ/m 2 ，T max The daily maximum air temperature obtained at the weather observation site is expressed in units of,T min the lowest daily air temperature obtained by the meteorological observation station is measured in the unit of DEG C, S is the sunshine duration obtained by the meteorological observation station is measured in the unit of h, S 0 The number of the illuminable hours obtained by the weather observation station is h; a. b and c are constant coefficients;
if the average clear sky index of the sun in the successive years is more than 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.55, the calculation model of the total solar radiation amount is
Figure GDA0003699897530000123
Wherein E is the average air pressure obtained by the meteorological observation station, the unit is hPa, and d is a constant coefficient;
if the average clear sky index of the sun in the year is more than 0.55, the calculation model of the total solar radiation amount is
Figure GDA0003699897530000131
Optionally, obtaining a constant coefficient of the daily total radiation calculation model in step 3 specifically includes:
selecting at least one sample area from all areas included in a solar radiation subarea where a target area is located, wherein the sample area is an area with a meteorological observation station and a radiation observation station;
obtaining meteorological observation data and radiation observation data in each sample area to obtain sample data, wherein the meteorological observation data comprises an illuminable time S 0 And the sunshine hours S obtained by the meteorological observation station, and the daily maximum air temperature T obtained by the meteorological observation station max Daily minimum air temperature T obtained at weather observation site min And/or average atmospheric pressure E obtained by a meteorological observation station, wherein the radiation observation data comprises the total daily solar radiation G of the sample area;
and regressing the selected daily total radiation calculation model by using the sample data to obtain a constant coefficient of the daily total radiation calculation model.
In the embodiment, taking each solar radiation subarea as an example, the constant coefficients of the daily total radiation calculation model are obtained by regression of data of 2000-2013 years of a station having meteorological and solar radiation observation data in an area, and are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 solar radiation area model
Figure GDA0003699897530000132
Figure GDA0003699897530000141
Total daily radiance G (MJ/m) in the table 2 ) (ii) a Total daily astronomical radiance G 0 (MJ/m 2 ) (ii) a Sunshine duration S (h); illuminable time S 0 (h) (ii) a Average air pressure E (0.1 hPa); daily minimum and maximum temperature T min ，T max (0.1℃)；
Figure GDA0003699897530000142
δ: the angle of declination (deg) of the weft,
Figure GDA0003699897530000143
latitude (deg).
And 4, obtaining the daily total solar radiation of the target area according to the daily total radiation calculation model.
The total solar radiation quantity of a target area day by day is obtained by using the calculation model provided by the invention, and the sunshine hours S (h) of a meteorological station in the area are used; average air pressure E (0.1 hPa); and observing data at the lowest and highest daily temperatures Tmin and Tmax (0.1 ℃) to generate the daily total radiation of the non-radiation observation site region in 2000-2013.
In this embodiment, taking the Lijiang area as an example, the sunshine hours S of the area in 5, 18 and 2017 are 4.5h and the sunshine hours S 0 13.4h, total daily astronomical radiance G 0 ＝40.04MJ/m 2 . The region belongs to the radiation VII region, so that a is 0.208 and b is 0.517, then
Figure GDA0003699897530000144
Namely the total daily radiant emittance of 15.57MJ/m in the Lijiang area in 5-18 months in 2017 2 。
Example two
In order to prove that the method provided by the patent can be used for calculating the total daily radiation of the areas without the radiation observation stations, the estimation error and the national total daily radiation distribution condition are verified respectively.
And selecting a station for verification in each radiation area, repeating the selecting and verifying stations in each area for three times, wherein the selected verifying stations are distributed in different directions of the edge of the area each time, the verifying stations have radiation observation data and do not participate in regression of model coefficients, 8 radiation areas are formed, and the number of the verifying stations is 24 in total. And respectively calculating the average absolute error percentage MAE% and the root mean square error percentage RMSE% of the area model and the verification station self-built model to the daily total radiation of the verification station. The mean value of the area model MAE% was 11.9%, the RMSE% was 15.9%, and the corresponding results for the station model were 11.4% and 15.3%, respectively. The estimation error of the area model is slightly higher than the station model but differs by less than 1%.
The method provided by the patent is used for calculating the 819 stations of the radiationless observation data of China, namely the daily total radiation amount of 2000-2013, and the result shows that the highest center of solar radiation appears in the lion spring river and the Yalu Tibetan brook river in the southwest Tibet of Tibet, and the annual total radiation amount of the 819 stations is averagely 7500MJ/m 2 The above; the second high region appears in Qinghai Kaida basin and extends to the northeast, reaches the junction zones of three provinces of northwest of Gansu, west of inner Mongolia and eastern Xinjiang, and has annual total radiation quantity of 6500MJ/m 2 The above; then the area of the Tarim basin and the Turpan basin, the annual total radiation quantity is 6000MJ/m on average 2 Left and right; the Tianshan mountain in Xinjiang is a low-value region of solar radiation in the west, and the average annual total radiation amount is 5000MJ/m 2 ～5500MJ/m 2 . The total solar radiation is highest in the east region, the solar radiation is relatively low in the southeast and northeast regions, the Sichuan basin is a low-value solar radiation region in China, and the average total annual radiation is 4000MJ/m 2 The following. Comparing the above results with the annual total solar radiation illuminance distribution diagram in the building climate partition standard (GB50178-93), finding out the distribution rule and variation trend of total radiationThe method is completely consistent with the standard, and the numerical value is slightly different from the standard due to different data years, so that the method for acquiring the horizontal plane total daily radiation data based on the solar radiation subarea is completely applicable to China.

Claims (4)

1. A horizontal plane total solar radiation data acquisition method based on solar radiation subareas is used for acquiring total solar radiation of a target area according to meteorological data acquired by a meteorological observation station, wherein the target area is not provided with a radiation observation station, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, acquiring meteorological data of a plurality of meteorological observation sites in a geographic range, and acquiring an observation data matrix according to the meteorological data;
clustering the observation data matrix to obtain a plurality of labels;
dividing a geographical range according to the labels to obtain a plurality of solar radiation subareas, wherein each solar radiation subarea comprises at least one region, and one solar radiation subarea comprises a target region;
step 2, acquiring the average clear sky index of the solar radiation subarea of the target area in the year-round;
step 3, selecting a total daily radiant quantity calculation model according to the annual average clear sky index of the solar radiation subarea where the target area is located, and specifically comprising the following steps:
if the average clear sky index of the sun in the year is less than or equal to 0.4, the calculation model of the total solar radiation amount is
Figure FDA0003687321030000011
Wherein G is total solar radiation in MJ/m 2 ，G 0 The total daily astronomical radiance is MJ/m 2 ，T max The daily maximum air temperature obtained for the meteorological observation site in units of DEG C, T min The lowest daily air temperature obtained by the meteorological observation station is measured in the unit of DEG C, S is the sunshine duration obtained by the meteorological observation station is measured in the unit of h, S 0 Is an illuminable number and has the unit of h; a. b and c are constant coefficients;
if the average clear sky index of the sun in the successive years is more than 0.4 and less than or equal to 0.55, the calculation model of the total solar radiation amount is
Figure FDA0003687321030000012
Wherein E is the average air pressure obtained by the meteorological observation station, the unit is hPa, and d is a constant coefficient;
if the average clear sky index of the sun in the year is more than 0.55, the calculation model of the total solar radiation amount is
Figure FDA0003687321030000021
Step 4, obtaining the total solar radiation of the target area according to the total solar radiation calculation model;
the step 1 specifically comprises:
step 1.1, acquiring N observation data of regions with ground meteorological observation sites within a geographic range between t1 and t2, and acquiring cumulative annual and monthly average data of sunshine hours and cumulative annual and monthly average data of daily average air temperature of each region with the meteorological observation sites, wherein N is the number of ground meteorological observation stations and is a positive integer;
the annual monthly mean data of the sunshine hours of any region with meteorological observation site comprises
Figure FDA0003687321030000022
Wherein
Figure FDA0003687321030000023
Represents the annual monthly mean of the number of sunshine hours in the mth month; the data of the annual average temperature and the monthly average value of the daily average temperature of any region with a meteorological observation site comprise
Figure FDA0003687321030000024
Wherein
Figure FDA0003687321030000025
Representing the annual average temperature of the mth month;
step 1.2, filling the cumulative year and month average value data of the sunshine hours of each region with the meteorological observation site and the cumulative year and month average value data of the daily average air temperature into an Nx 25 matrix to obtain an observation data matrix;
each row in the observation data matrix represents an observation station, the first column represents the number of the observation station, the second column to the thirteenth column represent the annual monthly mean value of sunshine hours from the 1 st month to the 12 th month, and the fourteenth column to the twenty-fifth column represent the annual monthly mean value of the average air temperature from the 1 st month to the 12 th month;
step 1.3, normalizing the numerical values of the second column to the twenty-fifth column in the observation data matrix to obtain a normalized observation data matrix;
step 1.4, carrying out hierarchical clustering on the normalized observation data matrix to obtain the number of label classes;
according to the label number, distributing labels for each region with the meteorological observation station;
step 1.5, dividing the map corresponding to the geographic range according to the label, and specifically comprising the following steps:
and dividing the region corresponding to the same label and at least comprising one meteorological observation station into a solar radiation subarea to obtain a plurality of solar radiation subareas.
2. The method for acquiring horizontal plane daily total radiation data based on solar radiation subareas according to claim 1, wherein obtaining constant coefficients of the daily total radiation calculation model in step 3 specifically comprises:
selecting at least one sample area from all areas included in a solar radiation subarea where a target area is located, wherein the sample area is an area with a meteorological observation station and a radiation observation station;
obtaining meteorological observation data and radiation observation data in each sample area to obtain sample data, wherein the meteorological observation data comprises a illuminable time S 0 And sunshine hours S obtained by the weather observation station, and the weather observation stationThe obtained daily maximum temperature T max Daily minimum air temperature T obtained at the weather observation site min And/or average atmospheric pressure E obtained by a meteorological observation station, wherein the radiation observation data comprise the total solar radiation G of the sample area;
and performing regression on the selected daily total radiation calculation model by using the sample data to obtain a constant coefficient of the daily total radiation calculation model.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step 1.4 of performing hierarchical clustering on the normalized observation data matrix to obtain the number of tag classes specifically comprises:
performing hierarchical clustering on the normalized observation data matrix to obtain a dispersion square and a curve inflection point in the hierarchical clustering;
and taking the value of the deviation square and the quantity of the curve inflection points as a label class number.
4. The method for acquiring horizontal plane daily total radiation data based on solar radiation subareas according to claim 1, wherein at least one meteorological observation site area corresponding to the same tag is divided into a solar radiation subarea, and a plurality of solar radiation subareas are acquired, and the method is specifically performed according to the following steps:
step 1.5.1, dividing regions with weather observation stations with the same label into the same type, and taking the same type of region as a region to obtain a plurality of regions, wherein each region comprises at least one region with weather observation stations;
step 1.5.2, mapping the plurality of areas to a map corresponding to a geographical range to obtain a partition map;
step 1.5.3, searching two adjacent areas in the partition map, obtaining a boundary of the two adjacent areas, and specifically performing the following steps:
1.5.3.1, searching two adjacent areas in the partition map, namely an area A and an area B, and respectively obtaining area position point sets of meteorological observation sites at the edges of the area A and the area B;
the region position point set of the meteorological observation station at the region edge A comprises I region edge points A, the region position point set of the meteorological observation station at the region edge B comprises J region edge points B, and I and J are positive integers;
step 1.5.3.2, calculating the geodetic distance between the ith A area edge point and the J B area edge points, and taking the midpoint of the geodetic distance between the jth B area edge point which is closest to the geodetic distance and the ith A area edge point as a boundary point, wherein I is less than or equal to I, and J is less than or equal to J;
1.5.3.3, repeating 1.5.3.2 until all boundary points are obtained, connecting all boundary points into a line, and obtaining a boundary line of two adjacent areas;
and 1.5.4, repeating the step 1.5.3 until all boundaries are obtained, and dividing the geographical range according to the boundaries to obtain a plurality of solar radiation partitions.
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