CN110765630A - Method for predicting tunnel convergence displacement by using earth surface displacement - Google Patents
Method for predicting tunnel convergence displacement by using earth surface displacement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110765630A CN110765630A CN201911050903.XA CN201911050903A CN110765630A CN 110765630 A CN110765630 A CN 110765630A CN 201911050903 A CN201911050903 A CN 201911050903A CN 110765630 A CN110765630 A CN 110765630A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- displacement
- tunnel
- convergence
- matrix
- monitoring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Abstract
A method for predicting tunnel convergence displacement by using surface displacement includes obtaining multiple groups of tunnel convergence displacement and surface displacement data through field monitoring for solving parameter vector to be determined. And establishing a corresponding mathematical model, and predicting the convergence displacement of the tunnel according to the on-site earth surface displacement monitoring data. The method utilizes the monitoring of the surface subsidence to establish a related mathematical model of the surface displacement subsidence and the tunnel convergence displacement, and combines the existing monitoring data of the area or project to determine the model parameters. The method has the effects that whether the convergence displacement result of the tunnel conforms to the rule or not can be verified, and for data points with errors in displacement monitoring, the convergence displacement calculated by the earth surface displacement can also be used as a corresponding parameter for construction reference so as to make up the defect that monitoring data cannot be acquired again in tunnel construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for predicting tunnel convergence displacement by using earth surface displacement, which is used for compensating data failure caused by tunnel convergence displacement monitoring in a construction process, supplementing and verifying tunnel monitoring data and guiding construction.
Background
(1) Tunnel monitoring
The displacement monitoring of the tunnel can be measured by a five-point method, and five monitoring points are respectively designed on two sides of the arch bottom, two sides of the arch shoulder and the arch top. Calculating the convergence displacement of the tunnel by analyzing the displacement of each point[1-2]. The tunnel construction monitoring system has the advantages that firstly, the convergence displacement meter is located near tunnel construction, the displacement meter is often invalid or data are unavailable due to construction, secondly, along with the tunnel construction, the supporting lining needs to be done in time, and if the displacement monitoring is wrong, monitoring points cannot be arranged again. For the above two reasons, there are still technical problems in tunnel monitoring, and a corresponding method needs to be adopted to supplement the monitoring data.
(2) Surface monitoring
The earth surface monitoring is mainly applied to geological disaster monitoring, such as landslide displacement monitoring. Monitoring earth surface displacement, selecting small-range displacement monitoring method according to monitoring range, or analyzing displacement of large landslide by satellite positioning[3-4]. Or selecting conventional displacement monitoring or utilizing a microscopic physical method according to the monitoring target requirement[5]E.g. grating monitoring[6]And more accurate displacement monitoring is realized.
(3) Prediction model
The tunnel displacement prediction model is characterized in that from the new Olympic method, changes of tunnel stress (or displacement) along with time are analyzed, scholars begin to research a relation curve of displacement and time, and a mathematical model is established[7-8]. Then, considering the mechanical properties of the rock, establishing a corresponding physical model from the aspects of elasticity, plasticity, viscosity and the like of the rock[9-10]。
(4) Programming
In the aspect of programming, programming languages such as C + +, matlab and IDL can be realized, and with the complexity of a prediction model and the improvement of requirements of people on the accuracy and the rapidity of parameter fitting, programming gradually becomes a necessary result for realizing the model.
Reference to the literature
[1] Liujing, dynamic analysis of risks in the whole process of highway tunnel construction and a feedback design method research [ D ]. Changan university, 2013.
[2] Research on large-section construction monitoring and information feedback technology of Zhudeli, soft surrounding rock tunnel [ D ]. Henan university of science and technology, 2013.
[3] Yanfan, xu Qiang, Van Xuanmei, leaf slight. landslide displacement prediction research based on time series and artificial bee colony support vector machine [ J ] engineering geology report, 2019,27(04): 880-.
[4] Li Yuan. landslide mass monitoring result analysis [ J ] Shaanxi water conservancy based on array type displacement meters, 2019(07): 35-38.
[5] Lishun, Mengyndon, Tianbin, Zhang Xuelin, flight path optimization of surface displacement of landslide by unmanned aerial vehicle contact monitoring-taking white water river landslide in three gorges reservoir area as an example [ J/OL ]. geophysical progress: 1-10[2019-10-10 ].
[6] Hanhe singing, Zhangui, bin, Weiguangqing, horse race landslide deep displacement prediction research based on fiber monitoring and a PSO-SVM model [ J ] engineering geology report, 2019,27(04): 853-.
[7] D, researching the displacement and stress change rule of the tunnel in the complex stratum [ J ], Anhui building, 2019,26(08): 121-.
[8] Guo Haifeng, Yaoairun, Zhang Jiantao, Monday Jun, G Yan xi the deformation mechanism research of adjacent subway tunnel caused by the construction load [ J ]. underground space and engineering report, 2019,15(S1):341 and 353.
[9] The tunnel surrounding rock stability determination method based on monitoring measurement and numerical analysis is researched by [ D ]. Chongqing traffic university, 2008.
[10] The stability model experimental study and the numerical analysis [ D ] of tunnel surrounding rock of Zhang nan, Dakui ditch No. two tunnel 2008 of northeast university.
Disclosure of Invention
Due to the construction of the tunnel, the displacement monitoring often causes monitoring data failure or errors of partial points, so that the monitoring data is lost. And difficult to monitor again due to the tunnel lining. The invention aims to utilize the earth surface displacement monitoring to calculate the vertical convergence displacement of the tunnel and supplement corresponding data for the tunnel monitoring.
The idea of the invention is as follows:
firstly, a plurality of groups of tunnel convergence displacement and earth surface displacement data are obtained through field monitoring and are used for solving a parameter vector to be determined. And establishing a corresponding mathematical model, and predicting the convergence displacement of the tunnel according to the on-site earth surface displacement monitoring data.
Establishing a theoretical model:
the excavation of the tunnel causes stress redistribution due to the excavation, generates corresponding displacement inside the tunnel, and correspondingly, the ground surface of the tunnel also generates corresponding vertical displacement, particularly a shallow tunnel. According to the mechanical property of the rock-soil body, surface layer ground settlement is caused by underground space excavation, and the settlement is positively correlated with the vertical convergence of the tunnel. Because the procedure is more tedious in the tunnel excavation process, the convergence displacement meter buried in the tunnel is often affected. Therefore, the monitoring of the surface subsidence can be utilized to establish a relevant mathematical model of the surface displacement subsidence and the tunnel convergence displacement, and the model parameters can be determined by combining the existing monitoring data of the region or project. The method has the effects that whether the convergence displacement result of the tunnel conforms to the rule or not can be verified, and for data points with errors in displacement monitoring, the convergence displacement calculated by the earth surface displacement can also be used as a corresponding parameter for construction reference so as to make up the defect that monitoring data cannot be acquired again in tunnel construction.
For the tunnel convergence displacement, two conditions are generally considered, namely the change of the tunnel convergence displacement along with time is used for analyzing the stress state of tunnel surrounding rock and the change of the displacement along with time, and further determining a corresponding tunnel surrounding rock supporting mode and the optimal supporting time; and secondly, analyzing different positions of the tunnel, such as the displacement of the arch crown and the arch shoulder, and analyzing the displacement redistribution and stress concentration conditions caused by tunnel excavation. Accordingly, the surface displacement monitoring data is also considered from the two aspects, and the summary form of the field monitoring data is shown in table 1 and table 2.
TABLE 1 law of change of surface displacement with time
As shown in table 1, the change rule of the earth surface displacement with time is obtained by using the monitoring data, and meanwhile, a group of convergence displacement data of the tunnel is required to obtain the model parameters.
TABLE 2 surface displacement monitoring data at different positions
Similarly, the convergence displacement is monitored at different positions of the tunnel, the vault, the arch shoulder and the arch bottom of the tunnel can be directly monitored and analyzed as shown in table 2, the convenience of ground surface displacement monitoring can also be considered, points can be taken at the same interval, and the convenience of later-stage data processing, such as finite element analysis, is realized.
The surface displacements of tables 1 and 2 are summarized. In fact, the displacement is monitored at different times for points on the earth's surface within the monitoring range.
The surface displacement monitoring data can be regarded as a two-dimensional matrix:
let constant parameter matrix A ═ A1A2A3ΛAt]T，
Then there is
Matrix array
The fitted tunnel displacement curve is obtained.
And the matrix A is called a tunnel displacement fitting time parameter vector.
The model can be simply written as:
Stvx＝Sg·A (3)
in the same way, let constant parameter matrix B ═ B1B2B3Λ Bt]T，
Then there are:
and the matrix B is called a tunnel displacement fitting position parameter vector.
Matrix array
The fitted tunnel displacement time curve is obtained.
Similarly, the model is simply written as:
Stvt＝Sg T·B (5)
the constant parameter matrix A, B is a parameter matrix formed by fitting the monitoring data, and not only the fitting results of different tunnels are different, but also the used data and the fitting parameters of the same tunnel are different, and the corresponding physical meanings of the displacements of the corresponding calculation results are different. In view of engineering practice and for convenience of model application, fitting data of model parameters are determined here as:
matrix SxtAnd the monitoring data corresponding to the xth row and the tth column is the earth surface displacement corresponding to the tth day of the center point of the tunnel.
The model has the following advantages:
1. the time model parameter is the column vector of 1 × t, and the position model parameter is the column vector of 1 × x, and the model parameter is more, can reduce the error nature of fitting.
2. The model considers the factors of time and position at the same time, and the calculated amount of the model is large. The calculation is simplified through the program programming, all monitoring data are used, and the reliability of the fitting result is ensured.
3. In the fitting parameters, t and x are variable constants. For each fitting, t and x are fixed, and a set of tunnel convergence displacement results can be obtained. Similarly, another set of tunnel convergence displacement curves can be obtained by changing the values of t and x. Through the comparison of the two groups of curves, the model can carry out self-verification.
The implementation steps of the invention are as follows:
1. acquisition of monitoring data
According to the model, the convergence displacement of the tunnel is predicted through the earth surface displacement, earth surface displacement monitoring measuring lines are required to be arranged at fixed intervals along the direction of the tunnel, and the displacement settlement of each point of each group of measuring lines at different time is measured.
2. Model parameter acquisition
The model parameters are engineering-dependent matrices that need to be determined by engineering. Therefore, before the model is applied, 1-2 sets of surface monitoring data and corresponding tunnel convergence displacement monitoring data are still needed for calculating model parameters.
3. Monitoring data format conversion
The program call monitoring data is called and stored in a matrix form. The monitoring data is required to be arranged into a text format only with the monitoring data according to the programming requirement, and is stored as a txt file.
4. Importing data to solve parameter matrix
And opening a program interface, clicking 'import data acquisition parameters', and selecting a corresponding data file. Then click 'calculating time parameter vector A' and 'calculating position parameter vector B' respectively.
5. And importing the earth surface settlement data of the point to be solved.
6. A computational model is selected.
Selecting "S" according to the purpose of calculationtvx＝SgA "or" Stvt＝Sg T·B”。
7. And (5) calculating the convergence displacement of the tunnel.
Clicking 'tunnel convergence displacement calculation', automatically saving the calculation result into a file, and opening and viewing the file.
8. And drawing a displacement curve.
Clicking the 'selection curve type', selecting a 'different position convergence displacement curve' or a 'different time convergence displacement curve', clicking to draw a convergence displacement curve, and popping up the convergence displacement curve.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
and (3) establishing a relevant mathematical model of the earth surface displacement settlement and the tunnel convergence displacement by monitoring the earth surface settlement, and determining model parameters by combining the existing monitoring data of the region or project. The method has the effects that whether the convergence displacement result of the tunnel conforms to the rule or not can be verified, and for data points with errors in displacement monitoring, the convergence displacement calculated by the earth surface displacement can also be used as a corresponding parameter for construction reference so as to make up the defect that monitoring data cannot be acquired again in tunnel construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the convergence displacement of a surface subsidence displacement fit tunnel.
FIG. 3 is a table showing the format of the dat file for surface subsidence data monitoring and conversion.
FIG. 4 is a plot of a surface displacement fit.
FIG. 5 is a computer interface for creating a program interface.
FIG. 6 is a monitoring data file computer interface.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an open data computer interface.
FIG. 8 is a computer interface for monitoring data in matlab matrix storage.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the displacement of each point in the tunnel when t is 2.
Fig. 10 is a graph of tunnel vault displacement versus time.
FIG. 11 is a computer interface of the fitting results, fitting curve storage locations.
Detailed Description
A method for estimating the convergence displacement of a tunnel by using the surface displacement comprises the following two mathematical models:
(1)Stvx＝Sg·A
wherein
The method comprises the steps that a data matrix of surface displacement is obtained, and each column of parameters represent the vertical displacement of each point of the surface at a certain time; each one of which isThe line represents the vertical displacement of a certain point on the earth surface at different times; the data is obtained by field monitoring;
A＝[A1A2A3Λ At]Ta position modulus parameter matrix is assumed to be constant for the same project; combining the project, requiring a complete tunnel convergence displacement monitoring and earth surface displacement monitoring data, and further solving a parameter matrix A;
(2)Stvt＝Sg T·B
wherein the content of the first and second substances,still a surface displacement data matrix;
B＝[B1B2B3Λ Bt]Tthe time modulus parameter matrix is still determined by actual displacement monitoring data;
then, a fitted tunnel time convergence matrix is obtained, and each element in the matrix represents the vertical convergence displacement of the tunnel end point at different times; the matrix represents the convergence shift at a point in the tunnel over time; the tunnel time convergence matrix is combined with the position of each point to form a curve, so that the change rule of tunnel displacement along with time can be seen.
As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following specific steps:
1. acquiring monitoring data:
(1) in order to obtain the model parameters, at least one set of known data is needed, and the data comprises two parts, namely surface displacement and tunnel convergence displacement. The surface displacement includes displacement of each point of the surface at different time, unit mm, and is listed as two-dimensional matrix data of x × t, which is stored in dat format for recall, as shown in fig. 3.
(2) And meanwhile, corresponding tunnel convergence displacement is needed, and as tunnel monitoring is complicated, the model is simplified to the greatest extent, and only a group of convergence displacement of each point of the tunnel at any moment and a group of vault corresponding to the convergence displacement at different times are needed. And (3) combining the two groups of data with the earth surface displacement monitoring data in the step (1) to respectively obtain a time parameter vector A and a position parameter vector B. The two sets of convergence shifts are stored in the form of a one-dimensional column vector.
(3) As shown in FIG. 2, the model is fit to the tunnel convergence displacement by the surface parameters, so that a plurality of sets of data of the surface displacement are still needed and are also stored in the text format of dat, as shown in FIG. 3.
In order to ensure the feasibility of matrix calculation, the number of earth surface monitoring points and tunnel monitoring points is required to be the same in each calculation, and the corresponding time sequences are the same. I.e. the matrix SxtAlthough x and t are variable quantities, only the same set of x and t can be selected for each monitoring fit.
2. And (5) solving model parameters.
(1) As shown in fig. 5, the program interface is opened, and "import data acquisition parameter" is clicked, and known monitoring data, including surface displacement data and tunnel convergence displacement data, is selected in a pop-up dialog box. Only one file can be opened each time, according to the programming condition, the ground surface displacement monitoring data is required to be opened by double-clicking for the first time, the program pops up the interface for opening the file again, and as shown in fig. 7, the tunnel monitoring data used for acquiring the parameters is selected for the second time. At this time, two sets of displacement data are stored in matlab in matrix form, as shown in fig. 8.
(2) And respectively clicking the time parameter vector A and the position parameter vector B to obtain two groups of parameter matrixes. If only the maximum displacement of the vault is required, only the time parameter vector A needs to be acquired. (Note that if only one parameter is obtained here, the corresponding model can only be called in the post-calculation, otherwise, the calculation cannot be carried out, and an error is prompted.)
3. And (4) determining displacement of each point of the tunnel.
As shown in FIG. 9, clicking on the select calculation model drop-down menu selects Stvx＝SgModel A, click "Tunnel Convergence Displacement calculation". And automatically solving the final displacement of each point by a program, and storing the calculation result in a file folder where the displacement monitoring data is located in a text form.
4. And fitting the displacement of the center point of the tunnel along the change of time.
As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, clicking on the drop-down menu for selecting the calculation model selects Stvt＝Sg TAnd B, clicking the 'tunnel convergence displacement calculation', automatically calculating convergence displacement by the program, wherein the displacement is the vertical displacement of the vault of the tunnel, storing the result in a folder where the monitoring displacement data is stored in a text form, and each numerical value represents the vertical displacement of the corresponding time vault.
5. Curve fitting of each point in tunnel
As shown in fig. 4, the displacements at different points of the tunnel are connected into a curve, so that the distribution rule of the convergence displacement of the whole tunnel can be seen. In the pull-down menu of the type of the selection curve, the corresponding position displacement curve graph can be drawn by selecting the convergence displacement curve at different positions and clicking the drawing convergence displacement curve. The graphs are stored in the corresponding folders in the form of Fig.
6. Convergence shift of tunnels over time
In the pull-down menu of the type of the selection curve, the corresponding time displacement curve graph can be drawn by selecting the convergence displacement curve at different time and clicking the drawing convergence displacement curve. The graphs are also stored in the corresponding folders in the form of Fig. It should be noted that, when the software is written, the part of the vertical displacement, which is in positive correlation with the surface displacement, is considered, so that the convergence displacement changes with time, and actually, the convergence displacement is only the vertical displacement curve of the dome. Of course, the same theory can be used to solve if a convergent displacement of the abutment is required. In addition, the tunnel displacement involved in the whole model also refers to the convergence of the vertical displacement.
7. Self-verification of the model.
T and x are variable due to the model parameters. By changing any one of the parameters, another set of predicted values can be obtained. The two groups of predicted values inevitably have multiple groups of predicted values in the numerical value, and simultaneously represent the convergence displacement of one point at any time. Repeating the steps 1-6 to obtain another group of convergence displacement results, and comparing corresponding same points or theoretically curve overlapping parts to further determine whether the model is applicable.
Claims (1)
1. A method for estimating the convergence displacement of a tunnel by using the surface displacement comprises the following two mathematical models:
(1) Stvx＝Sg·A
wherein
The method comprises the steps that a data matrix of surface displacement is obtained, and each column of parameters represent the vertical displacement of each point of the surface at a certain time; each row represents the vertical displacement of a certain point on the earth surface at different times; the data is obtained by field monitoring;
A＝[A1A2A3Λ At]Ta position modulus parameter matrix is assumed to be constant for the same project; combining the project, requiring a complete tunnel convergence displacement monitoring and earth surface displacement monitoring data, and further solving a parameter matrix A;
Stvx＝[stv1stv2stv3Λ stvx]a fitted tunnel convergence matrix; each element in the matrix represents the final convergence displacement of a certain point in the tunnel; combining the tunnel convergence matrix with the position of each point to form a curve, so that the distribution rule of tunnel displacement can be seen;
(2) Stvt＝Sg T·B
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
still a surface displacement data matrix;
B＝[B1B2B3Λ Bt]Tthe time modulus parameter matrix is still determined by actual displacement monitoring data;
Stvt＝[stv1stv2stv3Λ stvt]then, a fitted tunnel time convergence matrix is obtained, and each element in the matrix represents the vertical convergence displacement of the tunnel end point at different times; the matrix represents the convergence shift at a point in the tunnel over time; the tunnel time convergence matrix is combined with the position of each point to form a curve, so that the change rule of tunnel displacement along with time can be seen.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911050903.XA CN110765630B (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Method for predicting tunnel convergence displacement by using earth surface displacement |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911050903.XA CN110765630B (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Method for predicting tunnel convergence displacement by using earth surface displacement |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110765630A true CN110765630A (en) | 2020-02-07 |
| CN110765630B CN110765630B (en) | 2022-05-27 |
Family
ID=69335222
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911050903.XA Active CN110765630B (en) | 2019-10-31 | 2019-10-31 | Method for predicting tunnel convergence displacement by using earth surface displacement |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110765630B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114186312A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-15 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Tunnel-related landslide type identification method based on tunnel deformation characteristics |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102155231A (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2011-08-17 | 大连海事大学 | Quick feedback analyzing system in tunnel constructing process |
| WO2013135033A1 (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-19 | 同济大学 | Tunnel deformation online monitoring system based on image analysis and application thereof |
| CN109184802A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-01-11 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | A kind of more pilot tunnel tunnel informations monitoring construction methods of big cross section |
| CN110159346A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-23 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Class rectangle tunnel Displacement forecast method based on non-uniform convergence mode |
-
2019
- 2019-10-31 CN CN201911050903.XA patent/CN110765630B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102155231A (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2011-08-17 | 大连海事大学 | Quick feedback analyzing system in tunnel constructing process |
| WO2013135033A1 (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2013-09-19 | 同济大学 | Tunnel deformation online monitoring system based on image analysis and application thereof |
| CN109184802A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-01-11 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | A kind of more pilot tunnel tunnel informations monitoring construction methods of big cross section |
| CN110159346A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-23 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Class rectangle tunnel Displacement forecast method based on non-uniform convergence mode |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 尚海松等: "浅埋偏压段隧道信息化施工监控量测技术及预报信息系统研究", 《隧道建设》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114186312A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-15 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Tunnel-related landslide type identification method based on tunnel deformation characteristics |
| CN114186312B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-07-19 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Tunnel-related landslide type identification method based on tunnel deformation characteristics |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110765630B (en) | 2022-05-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Zhang et al. | Prediction of lining response for twin tunnels constructed in anisotropic clay using machine learning techniques | |
| Ninić et al. | A hybrid finite element and surrogate modelling approach for simulation and monitoring supported TBM steering | |
| Bourne et al. | Predictive modelling of naturally fractured reservoirs using geomechanics and flow simulation | |
| CN103339627B (en) | Assessment surface data | |
| Schindler et al. | Radar interferometry based settlement monitoring in tunnelling: Visualisation and accuracy analyses | |
| CN107144380A (en) | The dynamic testing method of country rock disturbance stress field during constructing tunnel | |
| Garcia et al. | Outer trench slope flexure and faulting at Pacific basin subduction zones | |
| Meschke | From advance exploration to real time steering of TBMs: A review on pertinent research in the Collaborative Research Center “Interaction Modeling in Mechanized Tunneling” | |
| Zhang et al. | Stability analysis of a group of underground anhydrite caverns used for crude oil storage considering rock tensile properties | |
| CN110765630B (en) | Method for predicting tunnel convergence displacement by using earth surface displacement | |
| Askarinejad et al. | A novel technique to monitor subsurface movements of landslides | |
| Singh et al. | Detecting slow-moving landslides in parts of Darjeeling–Sikkim Himalaya, NE India: quantitative constraints from PSInSAR and its relation to the structural discontinuities | |
| Ren et al. | Deformation monitoring and remote analysis of ultra-deep underground space excavation | |
| CN114459656A (en) | Three-dimensional identification method and device for disturbance stress evolution process of underground cavern surrounding rock | |
| CN104391334A (en) | Resistivity time lapse inversion imaging method for underground water transport process monitoring | |
| Sun et al. | Inversion of Surrounding Rock Mechanical Parameters in a Soft Rock Tunnel Based on a Hybrid Model EO-LightGBM | |
| CN108824499A (en) | One kind being based on resection Free Station horizontal displacement monitoring method | |
| CN108021763A (en) | A kind of old goaf residual settlement Forecasting Methodology | |
| Ai et al. | The use of shape accel array for deformation monitoring and parameter inversion of a 300 m ultrahigh rockfill dam | |
| Zheng et al. | Surrogate model for 3D ground and structural deformations in tunneling by the sequential excavation method | |
| Kaunda | A linear regression framework for predicting subsurface geometries and displacement rates in deep-seated, slow-moving landslides | |
| Elkadi et al. | 3D-GSIS geotechnical modelling of tunnel intersection in soft ground: the Second Heinenoord Tunnel, Netherlands | |
| Dadashi et al. | Support system suggestion based on back-analysis results case study: Babolak water conveyance tunnel | |
| Chen et al. | Study on structural mechanical characteristics and safety warning of NATM tunnel in aquifer | |
| Abspoel et al. | Risk-based asset management: Automated structural reliability assessment of geographically distributed pipeline networks for gas and water in the Netherlands |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |