CN110762048B - Control system of copper smelting converter fan - Google Patents
Control system of copper smelting converter fan Download PDFInfo
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- CN110762048B CN110762048B CN201911181812.XA CN201911181812A CN110762048B CN 110762048 B CN110762048 B CN 110762048B CN 201911181812 A CN201911181812 A CN 201911181812A CN 110762048 B CN110762048 B CN 110762048B
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- air supply
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000018199 S phase Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/002—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/003—Bath smelting or converting
- C22B15/0041—Bath smelting or converting in converters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0095—Process control or regulation methods
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a control system of a copper smelting converter fan, which comprises a constant-current air supply module, a parameter setting module, a pre-opening constant-pressure control module and an emergency pressure relief interlocking module, wherein the constant-current air supply module comprises a PLC (programmable logic controller) control system, a PID (proportion integration differentiation) regulator, an air supply fan, a fan guide vane actuator, an air supply guide vane, a converter air supply pipeline, a perforated plate throttling device, a differential pressure flow transmitter and a pressure transmitter; and the PLC control system is respectively electrically connected with the fan guide vane actuator, the perforated plate throttling device, the differential pressure flow transmitter and the pressure transmitter. The invention solves the problem that the converter air supply fan can still stably supply air to the converter when the converter air supply fan is quickly pressed at the S-phase (slagging) stage of the converter, ensures that the air supply fan releases a small amount of air through the pre-opened constant pressure valve under the abnormal pressing condition of the converter, ensures that the air supply fan does not surge or the anti-surge valve does not open in the air receiving process of the converter, and can ensure that the fan can be safely and smoothly unloaded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nonferrous smelting, in particular to a control system of a fan of a copper smelting converter.
Background
At present, most of domestic large copper smelting enterprises still adopt a PS converter to complete the converting process of producing blister copper by deslagging and desulfurizing copper matte, and an important auxiliary system in the converting process is an air supply system, wherein an air supply fan is the most key equipment.
Wherein, the air supply fan applied to the large copper smelting converter (the diameter is 4m, the length is more than 12 m) is more than 90 percent of the foreign KKK fan, and the rest of the foreign KKK fan also uses the domestic fan but can not normally press and supply air to the converter, thus the air supply requirement required by the full load production of the converter can not be met.
For decades, with the continuous expansion of the capacity of copper smelting enterprises in China, large-scale converters with high adaptability are selected for replacing fixed converting furnaces in converting processes of most of the copper smelting enterprises, and domestic large-scale fans such as sinking drums or Shanxi drums are selected for fan supply of the converters. However, after practical use, the fan cannot meet the requirement of rapid pressing in the S period (slagging) stage of the converter, the operating point of the fan is always near the surge-proof line and often enters the left side of the surge-proof line, so that the surge-proof valve is rapidly opened or the fan surges, the air quantity is discharged to the air through the surge-proof valve, effective air supply to the converter side cannot be realized, the converter is inclined, and the normal production operation of the converter is interrupted.
After 2000 years, large copper smelting companies have been in production and management with high efficiency and low cost in order to achieve rapid productivity improvement. Most copper smelting enterprises reselect a converter air supply fan which is a key device in a blowing converter from top to bottom. After careful comparison and analysis of many experts in the industry, the KKK fan in foreign countries meets the special requirement of quick forced air supply of large copper smelting converters, so that the KKK fan is successfully introduced and used in china.
Foreign fan manufacturers are tempted to have the special requirement in China, and the price of the fan is artificially increased, so that the price of the foreign fan is far higher than that of the domestic fan by more than 3 times.
The patent file names are: the automatic speed regulating system of the converter fan comprises a first signal acquisition module for acquiring parameters of coal gas at a converter mouth of the converter, a second signal acquisition module for acquiring smelting time signals, a controller, a frequency converter and the converter fan, wherein the first signal acquisition module and the second signal acquisition module send signals to the controller, the controller outputs control signals to the frequency converter, and the frequency converter outputs frequency conversion signals to the converter fan. The frequency of the converter fan can be automatically controlled according to the gas parameters at the converter mouth of the converter and the smelting time, so that different operation modes of the converter fan in different smelting times and different smelting states are realized, the phenomenon that the converter fan is always in an unadjustable state of high rotating speed or low rotating speed during production is avoided, and the phenomena of low gas recovery quantity, low gas heat value or environmental protection accidents are avoided.
The above-mentioned document adopts a control system to control the frequency of the converter fan to adapt to the normal operation of the converter, and realizes different operation modes, and its scheme is approximately parameter acquisition and regulates the speed of the fan according to the control program preset in the controller, but this scheme only focuses on the regulation of the wind speed, and maintains the normal operation of each operation mode, and can not deal with the problem that the fan can maintain stable air supply amount under the condition of abnormal pressure of the converter, and does not determine the air amount and wind pressure parameters suitable for the converter, and also does not consider the problem that the fan can be safely leveled and unloaded because the fan is not surged or the anti-surge valve is not opened in the wind receiving process.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a control system of a fan of a copper smelting converter, which aims to solve the problem that the fan can still stably supply air to the converter when the fan of the converter is in the S phase of the converter, namely, the fan is rapidly pressed in the slagging stage, so that the stable production of the converter is ensured, and meanwhile, proper parameters of the fan are correctly selected, so that a safe area of the fan is ensured to meet the normal air supply requirement.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a control system of a copper smelting converter fan comprises:
the constant-current air supply module: the system comprises a PLC control system, a PID regulator, a fan guide vane actuator, a wind supply guide vane, a converter air supply pipeline, a perforated plate throttling device, a differential pressure flow transmitter and a pressure transmitter;
a parameter setting module: the device comprises a rated air supply pressure selection module and a rated air quantity selection module;
the PLC control system is used for receiving the actual air inlet amount and judging whether the controller guide vane actuator regulates the opening of the air supply guide vane; the PID regulator is used for error regulation; the generator is used for air supply of the converter; the fan blade guide vane actuator is used for receiving signals of the PLC control system and adjusting the opening of the air supply guide vane; the air supply pipeline is used for conveying air generated by the generator into the converter, the perforated plate throttling device and the differential pressure flow transmitter are used for detecting the actual air intake of the converter, and the pressure transmitter is used for detecting the converter air pressure; the PLC control system is respectively and electrically connected with the fan guide vane actuator, the perforated plate throttling device, the differential pressure flow transmitter and the pressure transmitter;
the rated air supply pressure selection module is used for selecting rated air pressure suitable for converters with different diameters and lengths; the rated air volume selection module is used for selecting rated air volumes suitable for converters with different diameters and lengths;
the system also comprises a pre-opening constant pressure control module which is used for ensuring that the air supply fan releases a small amount of air through the pre-opening constant pressure valve under the condition of abnormal pressing of the converter and effectively supplies stable air quantity to the converter side;
the air supply system also comprises an emergency pressure relief interlocking module which is used for ensuring that the air supply fan is not surged or the anti-surge valve is not opened in the air collection process of the converter, so that the air supply fan can be safely and smoothly unloaded.
The invention achieves the purposes of constant-flow air supply, proper parameter confirmation and protection of the converter and the fan system under the abnormal conditions in the abnormal forced pressure and air collection stages through the modules, and maintains the normal working state of the converter fan system.
Preferably, the specific working process of the constant-current air supply module is as follows: the air feed mouth slag foam of converter can cause air feed area S to reduce when bonding too fast, detects the actual intake Q1 of converter and reduces and feed back to PLC control system, PLC control system receives the aperture that big air feed stator was opened to control fan stator executor, makes the air output Q2 of air feed machine increases, the air feed pipeline begins to compel fast, and the wind pressure rises fast, the quick increase of air inlet speed V, actual intake Q1= S V, and intake Q1 gets back to normal level. Realizing the automatic control conditions of the converter constant current: the air inlet area S of the air inlet can be reduced and the air speed V is increased to maintain the Q to be basically stable, if the air inlet area S of the air inlet is reduced and the air speed V cannot be maintained to be basically stable, the air inlet area S of the air inlet is forcibly increased through poking the fan, and the operation working point of the air supply fan is still in a safety area on the right side of the anti-surge line.
Preferably, the rated wind pressure and the rated wind volume jointly determine a working point of normal operation of the air supply fan, and the wind volume and the wind pressure of the working point of normal operation float within +/-10% of the rated wind volume and the rated wind pressure.
The design working point of the fan is the optimal efficiency point, the correct selection of the fan design point is the basis of the optimal efficiency of the fan and is also the optimal energy-saving index when the fan operates, only the technical parameters of the fan are reasonably selected, the margin of the fan on the right side of the anti-surge line is 20-30%, and the value is proper and optimal.
Preferably, the rated air volume of the converter is increased by 15-25% on the basis of the calculated metallurgical air volume. The value is related to the capacity of the air supply pipeline, the capacity of the air supply pipeline is small, the increment can be relatively small, and otherwise, the increment is larger.
Preferably, the pre-opening constant-pressure control module comprises a pre-opening constant-pressure valve and a pre-opening constant-pressure line; the pre-opening constant pressure valve is connected with an anti-surge valve carried by the air supply fan in parallel and arranged on an air supply pipeline of the converter, and the pre-opening constant pressure valve is electrically connected to the PLC control system. The pre-opening constant pressure valve is selected to be fully opened, the air pressure is allowed to be about 15000-20000 Nm3/h (about 30-40% of rated air volume) for the air discharge volume under 150kPa, and the pre-opening constant pressure valve is controlled by a pre-opening constant pressure control system of a fan, so that the problem that the effective air supply to a converter side is unstable or the minimum air volume required by the production of the converter cannot be ensured due to the fact that the air discharge volume is too large when the valve is fully opened is solved.
Preferably, the pre-opening constant voltage line is additionally provided with a pre-opening line with 10% of margin on the right side of the fast opening line of the air supply fan, the pressure of the pre-opening constant voltage line is 145kPa, and the control strategy of the pre-opening constant voltage line is a control strategy of fast opening and slow closing.
Preferably, the perforated plate throttling device and the differential pressure flow transmitter are used for measuring actual air volume and the pressure transmitter is used for measuring air pressure to form an operating point of the fan, if the operating point of the fan is close to the pre-opening constant-pressure line from the right side, namely when the margin on the right side of the pre-opening constant-pressure line is less than 2%, the PLC control system outputs a control signal to enable the pre-opening constant-pressure valve to be opened quickly until the pre-opening constant-pressure valve is opened fully, namely the time from full-closing to full-opening is set to be shorter than the time from full-opening to full-closing; if the operating point of the air supply fan returns to 0% of the margin on the right side of the pre-opening constant pressure line, the PLC control system controls a control signal of the pre-opening constant pressure line to be unchanged, and the valve keeps a certain opening degree; if the operating point of the air supply fan returns to 1% of the margin on the right side of the pre-opening constant voltage line, the PLC control system controls a control signal of the pre-opening constant voltage line to start slow closing; and if the operating point of the air supply fan returns to the right margin of the pre-opening constant-pressure line by 2 percent again, the PLC control system controls the pre-opening constant-pressure valve to be fully closed.
Preferably, the control strategy of the open constant voltage line further includes: the pressure transmitter detects the air pressure of the converter, and if the detected air pressure is larger than 145kPa, the PLC control system enables the pre-opening constant pressure valve to be opened quickly; if the wind pressure is detected to return to 145kPa, the PLC control system enables the pre-opening constant pressure valve to keep the opening degree; if the wind pressure is less than 144kPa, the PLC control system enables the pre-opening constant pressure valve to be closed slowly; and if the wind pressure is less than 142kPa, the PLC control system enables the pre-opening constant pressure valve to be fully closed.
Preferably, including urgent pressure relief valve in the urgent release interlocking module, urgent pressure relief valve sets up on air feed house steward, urgent relief valve electric connection is to PLC control system, air feed house steward is the public air supply pipeline after a plurality of air feed machine's output merges, is the pipeline to the effective air supply of converter.
More preferably, the control strategy of the emergency pressure relief interlock module is as follows: and when the PLC control system detects that the converter is in air supply operation at the same time, the converter is inclined, the set emptying angle is larger than the preset angle, the actual furnace body angle is larger than 10 degrees, and the guide vane is closed in place, the PLC control system controls the emergency pressure relief valve to be opened.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the problem that the fan can still stably supply air to the converter when the converter air supply fan is quickly pressed at the S-phase (slagging) stage of the converter is solved, and the stable production of the converter is ensured; proper air supply machine parameters are correctly selected, and the condition that a safe area of the air supply machine meets normal air supply requirements is ensured; the pre-opening constant pressure valve is installed and the pre-opening constant pressure line is additionally arranged, so that the air supply fan is ensured to release a small amount of air through the pre-opening constant pressure valve under the condition of abnormal pressing of the converter, and the air is stably and effectively supplied to the converter side; an emergency pressure relief valve is installed and an emergency pressure relief interlocking system is additionally arranged, so that the condition that a fan is not surged or an anti-surge valve is not opened in the process of receiving wind of the converter is ensured, and the fan can be safely and smoothly unloaded.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic connection diagram of each component of the constant-current air supply module.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the specific position of the preset constant pressure valve.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the specific position of the emergency relief valve setting.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control strategy for an emergency pressure relief interlock module.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention provides a control system of a copper smelting converter fan, which comprises: the device comprises a constant-current air supply module, a parameter setting module, a pre-opening constant-pressure module and an emergency pressure relief interlocking module.
As shown in fig. 1, the constant-current air supply module includes: PLC control system, PID regulator, air supply fan, fan guide vane executor, air supply guide vane, converter air supply pipeline, perforated plate throttling device, differential pressure flow transmitter, pressure transmitter, air supply main pipe.
The constant-current air supply module works on the premise that when slag foam at an air supply port of the converter is bonded too fast, the air supply area S is reduced, the effective air supply rate Q1 entering the converter is automatically reduced, after the perforated plate throttling device and the differential pressure flow transmitter detect the information, the opening degree of guide vanes of the air supply fan is increased through a converter control system, the air output rate Q2 of the air supply fan is increased, the effective air supply rate Q1 entering the converter is reduced, but the air output rate Q2 of the air supply fan is increased, so that the air supply pipeline starts to be quickly forced, the air pressure is quickly increased, the pressure difference delta P between the outer pressure P and the inner pressure P at the outer side of the air supply port of the converter is quickly increased, the air inlet speed is quickly increased, wherein the air inlet rate Q = S V- - -Nm3/h, and the air supply system keeps periodic balance.
The parameter selection module comprises a rated wind pressure selection module and a rated wind volume selection module, wherein the calculation process of the selection of the rated wind pressure is as follows:
When the diameter of the converter, the area of the blast pipeline and the tuyere of the converter are determined, the total pressure of the air feeder is basically determined, and the external pressure P of the converter with the diameter of about 4.3m is calculated to be P90-125kPa according to a design institute. The pressure is the pressure of normal air supply and stable air supply (the air supply quantity of a fan is balanced with the air inlet quantity of the converter) of the converter, but the copper slag at the air inlet of the converter is bonded to quickly reduce the area of the air inlet so as to cause the air inlet and outlet quantity of the air supply pipeline to be unbalanced, and the total air supply pressure can find a new balance point again after the air supply pipeline is pressed.
The fixed air supply pressure of the air supply fan is not based on the air supply pressure under the normal air supply condition, and the maximum air pressure of the air supply pipe under the abnormal forced pressure condition is the maximum pressure required to be selected by the air supply fan when the air inlet of the converter is quickly reduced and the air supply fan is poked abnormally. The method is discovered by professional persons in Zhejiang and Ding copper industries through five years of production practice, and the constant air supply pressure of the converter air supply fan with the diameter of 4.3m is considered to be about 150-155 kPa optimal, but the pressure cannot be infinitely amplified, so that the installed capacity of the fan is increased due to the large pressure, and the efficiency is reduced.
The air supply quantity of the converter is determined by a design institute according to the diameter and the length of the converter theoretically, the maximum copper quantity is determined by the design institute, then the oxygen quantity required by metallurgical reaction of the converter is really blown into the converter after metallurgical calculation, in fact, because the area of a converter tuyere is reduced due to slag foam adhesion, the output of an air supply machine is unbalanced with the actual air inlet quantity of the converter, the air supply pipeline is quickly pressed, the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the converter is increased, the flow speed of the air entering the converter is increased, and finally the actual and real air quantity entering the converter is stabilized.
Under general conditions, the air quantity increased by 1-2 ten thousand Nm3/h on the basis of the air quantity calculated in metallurgy can not cause problems for an imported KKK fan, and normal and stable air supply of the fan can still be ensured. But may not be suitable for domestic fans. The safe operation area of the domestic fan is narrower than that of the KKK fan, if the fixed air quantity is too large, the pressure resistance is correspondingly allowed to be small when the air quantity in actual normal operation is small, the working point of the fan in normal operation is near an anti-surge line, the fan is easy to cause surge or discharge, and the air supply to the converter side is unstable. If the air volume of the fan is less than or equal to the air volume required by metallurgical calculation, the method is not suitable. The reason is that when the converter starts to press and supply air, the air supply pipeline cannot form rapid pressure rise, so that the pressure difference between the inner side and the outer side of the converter tuyere cannot be increased, and the actual effective air quantity cannot be timely fed into the center of the converter.
The optimal air quantity of the air supply fan is increased by about 15-25% on the basis of metallurgically calculated air quantity, and is certainly related to the capacity of an air supply pipeline, the capacity of the air supply pipeline is small, the increase amount can be relatively small, and conversely, the increase amount is larger.
Wherein, the design yard provides normal wind pressure and air volume which are the working points of the normal operation of the fan, but the area allowed to be about +/-10 percent is the normal operation area. Only by reasonably selecting the technical parameters of the fan, the margin of the fan which normally runs at the right side of the anti-surge line is appropriate and optimal, and the margin is 20-30%.
A pre-opening constant-pressure control module is arranged to control air release.
As shown in fig. 2, a suitable pre-opening constant pressure valve is connected in parallel to a surge valve of an original fan, and the surge valve and the pre-opening constant pressure valve are both arranged on an air supply main pipe, and the air supply main pipe is a common air supply pipeline formed by combining outputs of a plurality of air supply fans and is a pipeline for effectively supplying air to the converter.
The pre-opening constant pressure valve is selected to be fully opened, the air pressure is allowed to be about 15000-20000 Nm3/h to the air discharge amount under 150kPa (about 30-40% of constant air volume).
A pre-opening line with the margin of about 10 percent on the right side of a fast opening line of the fan is additionally arranged in a fan control system, a 145kPa pressure constant pressure line is additionally arranged, and a control strategy is a special control strategy of fast opening and slow closing.
The control strategy of the quick-opening slow-closing is that if the operation point of the fan is close to the pre-opening constant-pressure line from the right side (when the margin is less than 2%), the control system outputs a control signal to enable the pre-opening constant-pressure valve to be opened quickly until the pre-opening constant-pressure valve is opened fully (namely the time t1 from full-closing to full-opening is set to be shorter than the time t2 from full-opening to full-closing), and if the operation point returns to the margin 0% on the right side of the pre-opening constant-pressure line, the control signal of the control system for controlling the pre-opening constant-pressure valve is unchanged, and the valve keeps. If the operation working point returns to 1% of the margin on the right side of the pre-opening constant-pressure line, the control signal of the pre-opening constant-pressure valve is controlled by the control system to start to be slowly closed, and if the operation working point returns to 2% of the margin on the right side of the pre-opening constant-pressure line again, the pre-opening constant-pressure valve is controlled by the control system to be fully closed.
The control mode is mainly used for rapidly accelerating the positive feedback process if the rapid air pressure rising process occurs in the air supply process of the converter, and a signal for rapidly accelerating the opening of the pre-opened constant pressure valve is needed to enable the pre-opened constant pressure valve to be rapidly opened immediately, so that the rapidly accumulated air volume is released through the pre-opened constant pressure valve. Although the air pressure can be quickly reduced in a short time through the quick pre-opening constant pressure valve, the operation working point of the fan is forced to return to the right side of the pre-opening constant pressure line, the pre-opening constant pressure valve cannot be immediately closed at the moment, the process can only be slowly closed, the fan operation point is ensured to be stabilized to be about 1-2% of the right side of the pre-opening constant pressure line to fluctuate back and forth in a long time, and the effective air quantity is ensured to supply air to the converter side.
The design of the control purpose of the pre-opening constant pressure valve is as follows: 1. if the air supply pressure rapidly rises when the air hole is suddenly blocked in the S period of the converter, the pre-opened constant pressure valve is opened in advance to release part of air in the air supply pipeline, so that the air pressure does not rapidly rise, and the running point of the fan is in a safe area; 2. if the wind pressure is higher than 145kPa, in order to ensure that the copper liquid is not sprayed, the pre-opened constant pressure valve is opened, and partial wind quantity in the pipeline is released, so that the wind pressure is kept within 145 kPa.
The control process of the pre-starting constant-pressure system comprises the following steps: if the operation point of the fan is close to the pre-opening constant-pressure line from the right side (namely when the margin on the right side of the pre-opening constant-pressure line is less than 2%), the PLC control system outputs a control signal to enable the pre-opening constant-pressure valve to be opened quickly until the pre-opening constant-pressure valve is opened fully (namely the time t1 from full-closing to full-opening is set to be shorter than the time t2 from full-opening to full-closing), and if the operation point returns to the margin on the right side of the pre-opening constant-pressure line by 0%, the PLC control system enables the control signal of the pre-opening constant-pressure valve to be unchanged, and. If the operation working point returns to 1% of the margin on the right side of the pre-opening constant-pressure line, the PLC control system enables the control signal of the pre-opening constant-pressure valve to start to be slowly closed, and if the operation working point returns to 2% of the margin on the right side of the pre-opening constant-pressure line again, the PLC control system enables the pre-opening constant-pressure valve to be fully closed.
Because a plurality of fans and a plurality of constant-flow air supply modules are used in actual production, the output of the constant-flow air supply modules can be combined on an air supply main pipe, and therefore an emergency pressure relief interlocking module needs to be additionally arranged, as shown in fig. 3, an emergency pressure relief valve is additionally arranged on the air supply main pipe, in order to enable the air pressure in the air receiving process to exceed the falling speed of the air volume, the caliber of the emergency air relief valve is selected to be the same as that of an anti-surge valve, the air pressure after air relief is ensured to be larger than the falling speed of the air volume, and the working point of the fan is kept in a safe area.
The purpose of designing the emergency relief valve is as follows: 1. before the copper port emits the copper liquid in the furnace body tilting process, the emergency pressure relief valve is opened in advance, the air volume in the air supply pipeline is released from the emergency pressure relief valve, so that the air supply pressure is reduced quickly, and a large amount of smoke can be reduced to be sprayed from the copper port to a workshop when the copper port emits the copper liquid, so that the low-altitude pollution in the workshop is minimized; 2. before the guide vane of the fan is closed, the air pressure of the emergency pressure relief valve is opened in advance, and the air pressure is quickly reduced, so that the air quantity begins to be reduced, namely, the operating point of the fan is always in a safe area in the air collecting process of the fan.
As shown in fig. 4, the emergency relief valve control mode: and when the PLC control system detects that the converter is in air supply operation at the same time, the converter is inclined, the set emptying angle is larger than the preset angle, the actual furnace body angle is larger than 10 degrees, and the guide vane is closed in place, the PLC control system controls the emergency pressure relief valve to be opened.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a control system of copper smelting converter fan which characterized in that includes:
the constant-current air supply module: the system comprises a PLC control system, a PID regulator, a fan guide vane actuator, a wind supply guide vane, a converter air supply pipeline, a perforated plate throttling device, a differential pressure flow transmitter and a pressure transmitter;
a parameter setting module: a rated air supply pressure selection module and a rated air quantity selection module;
the PLC control system is used for receiving the actual air inlet amount and judging whether to control the fan guide vane actuator to regulate the opening of the air supply guide vane; the PID regulator is used for error regulation; the air supply fan is used for supplying air to the converter; the fan guide vane actuator is used for receiving signals of the PLC control system and adjusting the opening of the air supply guide vane; the air supply pipeline is used for conveying air generated by the air supply fan into the converter, the perforated plate throttling device and the differential pressure flow transmitter are used for detecting the actual air intake of the converter, and the pressure transmitter is used for detecting the air pressure of the converter; the PLC control system is respectively and electrically connected with the fan guide vane actuator, the perforated plate throttling device, the differential pressure flow transmitter and the pressure transmitter;
the rated air supply pressure selection module is used for selecting rated air pressure suitable for converters with different diameters and lengths; the rated air volume selection module is used for selecting rated air volumes suitable for converters with different diameters and lengths;
the system also comprises a pre-opening constant pressure control module which is used for ensuring that the air supply fan releases a small amount of air through the pre-opening constant pressure valve under the condition of abnormal pressing of the converter and stably and effectively supplies air to the converter side;
the air supply system also comprises an emergency pressure relief interlocking module which is used for ensuring that the air supply fan is not surged or the anti-surge valve is not opened in the air collection process of the converter, so that the air supply fan can be safely and smoothly unloaded.
2. The control system of the fan of the copper smelting converter according to claim 1, wherein the constant-current air supply module specifically works in the following process: the air feed mouth slag foam of converter can cause air feed area S to reduce when bonding too fast, detects the actual intake Q1 of converter and reduces and feed back to PLC control system, PLC control system receives the aperture that big air feed stator was opened to control fan stator executor, makes the air output Q2 of air feed machine increases, converter supply-air duct begins to compel fast, and the wind pressure rises fast, the quick increase of air inlet speed V, actual intake Q1= S V, and intake Q1 gets back to normal level.
3. The control system of a copper smelting converter fan according to claim 1, wherein the rated wind pressure and the rated wind volume jointly determine an operating point at which the fan operates normally, and the wind volume and the wind pressure of the operating point at which the normal operation operates fluctuate within ± 10% of the rated wind volume and the rated wind pressure.
4. The control system of the fan of the copper smelting converter according to claim 1, wherein the rated air volume of the converter is increased by 15-25% based on the calculated metallurgical air volume.
5. The control system of the fan of the copper smelting converter according to claim 1, wherein the pre-opening constant pressure control module comprises a pre-opening constant pressure valve and a pre-opening constant pressure line; the pre-opening constant pressure valve is connected with an anti-surge valve carried by the air supply fan in parallel and arranged on an air supply pipeline of the converter, and the pre-opening constant pressure valve is electrically connected to the PLC control system.
6. The control system of the fan of the copper smelting converter according to claim 5, wherein the pre-open constant voltage line is additionally provided with a pre-open line with a 10% margin on the right side of the fast-open line of the fan, the pressure of the pre-open constant voltage line is 145kPa, and the control strategy of the pre-open constant voltage line is a control strategy of fast opening and slow closing.
7. The control system of the fan of the copper smelting converter according to claim 6, wherein the control strategy of the pre-opening constant voltage line is as follows: the perforated plate throttling device and the differential pressure flow transmitter are used for measuring actual air volume and the pressure transmitter is used for measuring air pressure to form an operating point of the fan, if the operating point of the fan is close to the pre-opening constant pressure line from the right side, namely when the margin of the right side of the pre-opening constant pressure line is less than 2%, the PLC control system outputs a control signal to quickly open the pre-opening constant pressure valve until the pre-opening constant pressure valve is fully opened, namely the time from full-closing to full-opening is set to be shorter than the time from full-opening to full-closing; if the operating point of the air supply fan returns to 0% of the margin on the right side of the pre-opening constant pressure line, the PLC control system controls a control signal of the pre-opening constant pressure line to be unchanged, and the valve keeps a certain opening degree; if the operating point of the air supply fan returns to 1% of the margin on the right side of the pre-opening constant voltage line, the PLC control system controls a control signal of the pre-opening constant voltage line to start slow closing; and if the operating point of the air supply fan returns to the right margin of the pre-opening constant-pressure line by 2 percent again, the PLC control system controls the pre-opening constant-pressure valve to be fully closed.
8. The control system of the fan of the copper smelting converter according to claim 7, wherein the control strategy of the pre-opening constant voltage line further comprises: the pressure transmitter detects the air pressure of the converter, and if the detected air pressure is larger than 145kPa, the PLC control system enables the pre-opening constant pressure valve to be opened quickly; if the wind pressure is detected to return to 145kPa, the PLC control system enables the pre-opening constant pressure valve to keep the opening degree; if the wind pressure is less than 144kPa, the PLC control system enables the pre-opening constant pressure valve to be closed slowly; and if the wind pressure is less than 142kPa, the PLC control system enables the pre-opening constant pressure valve to be fully closed.
9. The control system of the fan of the copper smelting converter according to claim 1, wherein the emergency pressure relief interlocking module comprises an emergency pressure relief valve, the emergency pressure relief valve is arranged on an air supply main pipe, and the emergency pressure relief valve is electrically connected to the PLC control system; the air supply main pipe is a common air supply pipeline formed by combining the outputs of the constant-flow air supply modules and is a pipeline for effectively supplying air to the converter.
10. The control system of the fan of the copper smelting converter according to claim 9, wherein the control strategy of the emergency pressure relief interlocking module is as follows: and when the PLC control system detects that the converter is in air supply operation at the same time, the converter is inclined, the set emptying angle is larger than the preset angle, the actual furnace body angle is larger than 10 degrees, and the guide vane is closed in place, the PLC control system enables the emergency pressure relief valve to be controlled to be opened.
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Denomination of invention: A Control System of Copper Smelting Converter Fan Effective date of registration: 20221129 Granted publication date: 20210615 Pledgee: Fuyang Zhejiang rural commercial bank Limited by Share Ltd. Pledgor: ZHEJIANG FUYE GROUP CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2022980024002 |
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