CN110760707B - Grain refinement processing technology of secondary aluminum - Google Patents
Grain refinement processing technology of secondary aluminum Download PDFInfo
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- CN110760707B CN110760707B CN201911017676.0A CN201911017676A CN110760707B CN 110760707 B CN110760707 B CN 110760707B CN 201911017676 A CN201911017676 A CN 201911017676A CN 110760707 B CN110760707 B CN 110760707B
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- aluminum
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- grain
- temperature
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010943 off-gassing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000952 Be alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910015894 BeTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009716 squeeze casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a grain refining processing technology of secondary aluminum, relating to the technical field of aluminum alloy processing and comprising the following steps: (1) smelting; (2) rapidly cooling the air; (3) secondary smelting; (4) and (4) extrusion casting. The invention can not only refine crystal grains and make the crystal grains more uniform through the rapid air cooling operation, but also bring partial impurities in the melt to the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid by the nitrogen so as to play the roles of removing impurities and degassing; and the crystal grains are further refined by uniform-speed pressurizing and step-by-step pressurizing during extrusion casting, and meanwhile, micro shrinkage cavities in the casting can be eliminated, so that the casting has good mechanical properties and surface quality.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy processing, in particular to a grain refining processing technology of secondary aluminum.
Background art:
the aluminum alloy is widely applied to the industrial fields of automobiles, machinery, aerospace and the like, people carry out recycling on waste aluminum materials in order to avoid environmental pollution and resource waste caused by waste aluminum alloy, but the comprehensive performance of the recycled aluminum is seriously reduced, and the comprehensive performance of the recycled aluminum needs to be improved by matching with a corresponding processing technology after being re-proportioned.
An effective method for improving the overall performance of an aluminum alloy comprises the steps of carrying out grain refinement and modification treatment on the aluminum alloy, thereby obtaining fine equiaxial primary aluminum grains and a dispersed fibrous eutectic silicon structure. Common grain refiners comprise Al-Ti and Al-B, Al-Ti-C refiners, and in the melt refining process, the refining elements of titanium and boron are easy to interact with silicon and the modification element of strontium, so that the effective content of the refining elements is obviously reduced, the refiner fails or the phenomenon of obvious refining recession occurs, and the wide application of the refiners in aluminum alloys is limited.
In order to solve the problems, on one hand, a novel grain refiner needs to be developed to overcome the defects of the existing Al-Ti and Al-B, Al-Ti-C refiners; on the other hand, the crystal grains can be refined by a specific treatment means starting from the process operation.
The invention content is as follows:
the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a grain refining processing technology of secondary aluminum, which can effectively refine grains, thereby obviously improving the mechanical property of the secondary aluminum.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a grain refining processing technology of secondary aluminum comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: waste aluminum, industrial pure aluminum and industrial pure silicon are loaded into a smelting furnace after being mixed, heated to 800-;
(2) quick air cooling: introducing low-temperature nitrogen from the furnace bottom to carry out quick air cooling on the melt, and stopping introducing the gas when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 650 ℃;
(3) secondary smelting: heating the melt subjected to quick air cooling to 800-;
(4) extrusion casting: preheating the mold, filling the aluminum alloy liquid into the mold cavity at the pouring temperature of 700-.
The purity of the commercial purity aluminum is 99.7%.
The purity of the industrial pure silicon is 99.9%.
The temperature of the low-temperature nitrogen is 5-10 ℃.
The preheating temperature of the die is 300-400 ℃.
The pouring speed of the aluminum alloy liquid is 5-20 kg/s.
In order to optimize the mechanical property of the manufactured aluminum alloy casting, the invention also adds a grain refiner during secondary smelting, namely, the invention also provides another grain refining processing technology of the secondary aluminum, which comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting: waste aluminum, industrial pure aluminum and industrial pure silicon are loaded into a smelting furnace after being mixed, heated to 800-;
(2) quick air cooling: introducing low-temperature nitrogen from the furnace bottom to carry out quick air cooling on the melt, and stopping introducing the gas when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 650 ℃;
(3) secondary smelting: heating the melt subjected to quick air cooling to 800-900 ℃ for heat preservation smelting, adding a grain refiner, continuing to carry out heat preservation smelting at 800-900 ℃, slagging off and degassing to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid;
(4) extrusion casting: preheating the mold, filling the aluminum alloy liquid into the mold cavity at the pouring temperature of 700-.
The addition amount of the grain refiner is 0.05-0.5% of the mass of the melt.
The grain refiner is Al-Te-Be alloy, and the grain refiner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: te 1-5%, Be 0.5-2%, and the balance aluminum.
The addition of Al-Te-Be refiner to form BeTe, which has a lattice constant close to that of Al and can serve as a crystal core of Al to exert a heteronucleation effect.
In order to further optimize the action effect of the grain refiner, the grain refiner is subjected to high-frequency treatment before being added into the melt, wherein the temperature of the high-frequency treatment is 350-450 ℃, the frequency is 254 +/-20 KHz, and the time is 10-30 min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can not only refine crystal grains and make the crystal grains more uniform through the rapid air cooling operation, but also bring partial impurities in the melt to the surface of the aluminum alloy liquid by the nitrogen so as to play the roles of removing impurities and degassing; and the crystal grains are further refined by uniform-speed pressurizing and step-by-step pressurizing during extrusion casting, and meanwhile, micro shrinkage cavities in the casting can be eliminated, so that the casting has good mechanical properties and surface quality.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
(1) Smelting: the method comprises the following steps of (1) putting waste aluminum, industrial pure aluminum with the purity of 99.7% and industrial pure silicon with the purity of 99.9% into a smelting furnace after burdening, wherein the mass percentages of the elements after burdening are respectively 0.95% of Si, 0.82% of Fe, 0.25% of Cu, 0.15% of Mn, 0.05% of Mg, 0.05% of Ti and the balance of Al; heating to 850 ℃, preserving heat, smelting for 2h, slagging off, and degassing to obtain a melt;
(2) quick air cooling: introducing 10 ℃ low-temperature nitrogen from the furnace bottom to carry out quick air cooling on the melt, and stopping introducing the nitrogen when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 650 ℃;
(3) secondary smelting: heating the melt subjected to quick air cooling to 850 ℃, preserving heat, smelting for 1h, slagging off, and degassing to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid;
(4) extrusion casting: preheating the mold to 350 ℃, filling the aluminum alloy liquid into a mold cavity at the casting temperature of 730 ℃, wherein the casting speed is 12kg/s, closing and pressurizing, pressurizing to 80MPa at the pressurizing speed of 10MPa/s, maintaining the pressure for 10s, further pressurizing to 110MPa at the pressurizing speed of 10MPa/s, maintaining the pressure for 10s, and decompressing and parting to obtain the aluminum alloy casting.
Example 2
Step (3) in example 1 was replaced by "secondary melting: heating the melt subjected to quick air cooling to 850 ℃, performing heat preservation smelting for 0.5h, adding a grain refiner with the mass of 0.25% of that of the melt, continuing to perform heat preservation smelting for 0.5h at 850 ℃, slagging off and degassing to obtain aluminum alloy liquid, wherein the grain refiner is Al-Te-Be alloy, and the mass percentages of the components are respectively as follows: te 3.8%, Be 1.7%, and the balance aluminum, the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The process is the same as example 2 except that the grain refiner in example 2 is subjected to high frequency treatment at 380 deg.C under 254KHz for 15min before being added into the melt.
Comparative example 1
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that "preheating the mold to 350 ℃, filling the aluminum alloy melt into the cavity of the mold at a casting temperature of 730 ℃ at a casting speed of 12kg/s, closing the mold and pressurizing at a pressurizing speed of 10MPa/s to 110MPa, maintaining the pressure for 20s, and opening the mold under reduced pressure to obtain an aluminum alloy casting" in step (4) of example 1.
Comparative example 2
Step (2) in example 1 was deleted, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Aluminum alloys were prepared from the same lot of scrap aluminum, industrial pure aluminum, and industrial pure silicon by processing using the above examples and comparative examples, respectively, and the hardness and mechanical properties of the prepared aluminum alloys were tested, and the test results are shown in table 1.
An aluminum alloy wafer with the diameter of 12.7mm and the thickness of 3mm is kept for 15s under the pressure of 3kg by adopting a Vickers hardness tester, and is tested for three times in parallel, and the average value is taken.
And (3) performing a tensile test by adopting an universal mechanical testing machine according to ISO6892-1-2009 standard, determining the yield strength and the elongation, performing parallel test for three times, and taking an average value.
TABLE 1 hardness, yield strength and elongation of the aluminum alloys
| Group of | Hardness HV | Yield strength MPa | Elongation percentage% |
| Example 1 | 152 | 578 | 9.3 |
| Example 2 | 158 | 615 | 10.5 |
| Example 3 | 164 | 627 | 11.2 |
| Comparative example 1 | 136 | 534 | 8.0 |
| Comparative example 2 | 128 | 513 | 7.2 |
As can Be seen from Table 1, the present invention can achieve the technical effects of significantly improving the hardness, yield strength and elongation of the aluminum alloy by using Al-Te-Be as the grain refiner, and performing high frequency treatment, rapid air cooling treatment and uniform and stepwise pressurization during squeeze casting on the grain refiner.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. The grain refining processing technology of the secondary aluminum is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) smelting: waste aluminum, industrial pure aluminum and industrial pure silicon are loaded into a smelting furnace after being mixed, heated to 800-;
(2) quick air cooling: introducing low-temperature nitrogen from the furnace bottom to carry out quick air cooling on the melt, and stopping introducing the gas when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 650 ℃;
(3) secondary smelting: heating the melt subjected to quick air cooling to 800-900 ℃ for heat preservation smelting, adding a grain refiner, continuing to carry out heat preservation smelting at 800-900 ℃, slagging off and degassing to obtain an aluminum alloy liquid;
(4) extrusion casting: preheating a mould, filling aluminum alloy liquid into a mould cavity at the pouring temperature of 700-;
the addition amount of the grain refiner is 0.05-0.5% of the mass of the melt;
the grain refiner is Al-Te-Be alloy, and the grain refiner comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-5% of Te, 0.5-2% of Be and the balance of aluminum;
before the grain refiner is added into the melt, the grain refiner is subjected to high-frequency treatment, wherein the temperature of the high-frequency treatment is 350-450 ℃, the frequency is 254 +/-20 KHz, and the time is 10-30 min.
2. The grain refining process of secondary aluminum according to claim 1, characterized in that: the purity of the commercial purity aluminum is 99.7%.
3. The grain refining process of secondary aluminum according to claim 1, characterized in that: the purity of the industrial pure silicon is 99.9%.
4. The grain refining process of secondary aluminum according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature of the low-temperature nitrogen is 5-10 ℃.
5. The grain refining process of secondary aluminum according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preheating temperature of the die is 300-400 ℃.
6. The grain refining process of secondary aluminum according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pouring speed of the aluminum alloy liquid is 5-20 kg/s.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911017676.0A CN110760707B (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2019-10-24 | Grain refinement processing technology of secondary aluminum |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911017676.0A CN110760707B (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2019-10-24 | Grain refinement processing technology of secondary aluminum |
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| CN110760707A CN110760707A (en) | 2020-02-07 |
| CN110760707B true CN110760707B (en) | 2021-04-23 |
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| CN113102719A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-13 | 将乐瑞沃康普机械设备有限公司 | High-yield high-elongation heat-treatment aluminum alloy die-casting process |
| CN114231771B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-09-06 | 安徽百圣鑫金属科技有限公司 | High-performance aluminum alloy prepared by using recycled aluminum and preparation method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103572121A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-02-12 | 江苏江旭铸造集团有限公司 | Production process for aluminum alloy slab ingot |
| CN206887199U (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2018-01-16 | 广元市金易建材有限公司 | A kind of aluminum anodizing dusting device |
| CN108251710A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-07-06 | 福州大学 | The tough silumin of height and its preparation process of a kind of suitable extrusion casint |
| CN109593996A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-09 | 宁波合力模具科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high tough squeeze casting Al mg-si master alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US8429894B2 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2013-04-30 | Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, Inc. | Nano-grained aluminum alloy bellows |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103572121A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-02-12 | 江苏江旭铸造集团有限公司 | Production process for aluminum alloy slab ingot |
| CN206887199U (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2018-01-16 | 广元市金易建材有限公司 | A kind of aluminum anodizing dusting device |
| CN108251710A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-07-06 | 福州大学 | The tough silumin of height and its preparation process of a kind of suitable extrusion casint |
| CN109593996A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-09 | 宁波合力模具科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high tough squeeze casting Al mg-si master alloy and preparation method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20230808 Address after: 414400 East side of Meijiang Road, Miluo High tech Industrial Development Zone, Yueyang City, Hunan Province Patentee after: Miluo Huaxiao Aluminum Co.,Ltd. Address before: 236500 Xicheng Industrial Zone, Jieshou City, Fuyang City, Anhui Province Patentee before: ANHUI FENGHUI METAL Co.,Ltd. |
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Application publication date: 20200207 Assignee: Miluo Borui Nonferrous Metals Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Miluo Huaxiao Aluminum Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2023980045355 Denomination of invention: A Grain Refinement Processing Technology for Regenerated Aluminum Granted publication date: 20210423 License type: Common License Record date: 20231031 |