CN110759699A - Bottom layer plastering gypsum and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bottom layer plastering gypsum and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110759699A CN110759699A CN201911284592.3A CN201911284592A CN110759699A CN 110759699 A CN110759699 A CN 110759699A CN 201911284592 A CN201911284592 A CN 201911284592A CN 110759699 A CN110759699 A CN 110759699A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
- C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/10—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the viscosity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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Abstract
The invention provides a bottom layer plastering gypsum and a preparation method thereof, wherein the bottom layer plastering gypsum comprises the following components: 23-29 parts of salt gypsum, 24-34 parts of building gypsum, 2-4 parts of regenerated building gypsum, 6-10 parts of cement, 25-34 parts of sand, 0.14-0.20 part of retarder, 0.10-0.20 part of water-retaining agent, 1.20-2.0 parts of binder, 0.50-2.0 parts of water reducing agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of whisker and 0.4-0.7 part of sodium silicate; the preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a whisker dispersion liquid; mixing materials, namely adding water into a container, then sequentially adding a retarder, a water-retaining agent, a binder and a water reducing agent, uniformly dispersing after stirring, then sequentially adding building gypsum, regenerated building gypsum, cement and salt gypsum, and then adding a crystal whisker dispersion liquid to obtain the bottom layer plastering gypsum. The plastering gypsum prepared by the invention has good water-retaining property, long operable time, high strength and better environmental and economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building wall plastering gypsum, and particularly relates to bottom layer plastering gypsum and a preparation method thereof.
Background
China's salt chemical enterprises can produce a large amount of well salt gypsum every year, well salt gypsum is the mud form, and the principal ingredients are anhydrous calcium sulfate, also contain substances such as a certain amount of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, etc., and the long-term heap of salt chemical enterprises is in the factory or is illegally discharged, not only has very big environmental and water pollution hidden danger, but also still occupies a large amount of soil, leads to the reduction that can use land area, and this becomes the bottleneck that puzzles the development of salt chemical industry more and more. The activity excitation of the well salt gypsum can greatly improve the hydration rate in a short time, and can replace natural gypsum.
Along with the rapid development of the building industry in China, the usage amount of the plastering gypsum in China is increased year by the characteristics of sound insulation, fire prevention, heat preservation, no odor, no crack, no shrinkage, high construction efficiency, good decoration effect, simple operation and the like, and according to statistical reports, the usage amount of the plastering gypsum in 2012 reaches 260 ten thousand tons, and the usage amount of the plastering gypsum in 2014 reaches 350 ten thousand tons. Meanwhile, the use of plastering gypsum in a large amount leads to the exhaustion of natural gypsum resources, and brings great challenges to the sustainable development of the gypsum industry. The plastering gypsum is divided into bottom plastering gypsum, surface plastering gypsum, light bottom plastering gypsum and heat-insulating layer plastering gypsum, and the preparation of the bottom plastering gypsum by using the salt gypsum not only can fully utilize industrial solid wastes and solve the problems of environmental and water pollution caused by the salt gypsum, but also injects new vitality for the continuous development of the gypsum industry.
The development and development of well salt gypsum-based bottom layer plastering gypsum are one of effective ways for utilizing the salt gypsum, and simultaneously, the cost of the bottom layer plastering gypsum can be reduced.
Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide bottom layer plastering gypsum prepared by using well salt gypsum and a preparation method thereof, which improve the hydration and hardening characteristics of the well salt gypsum by performing activity excitation on the well salt gypsum, further improve the hydration rate and hardening strength of the bottom layer plastering gypsum and solve the problems of idle stockpiling of a large amount of well salt gypsum and no gelatinization of the well salt gypsum.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the bottom layer plastering gypsum comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23-29 parts of salt gypsum, 24-34 parts of building gypsum, 2-4 parts of regenerated building gypsum, 6-10 parts of cement, 25-34 parts of sand, 0.14-0.20 part of retarder, 0.10-0.20 part of water-retaining agent, 1.20-2.0 parts of binder, 0.50-2.0 parts of water reducing agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of whisker and 0.4-0.7 part of sodium silicate.
In the bottom layer plastering gypsum, preferably, the content of anhydrous calcium sulfate in the salt gypsum is more than 85 percent;
preferably, the salt content in the salt gypsum is within 0.1%.
The bottom layer plastering gypsum is preferably the cement which is ordinary portland cement or mixed cement formed by mixing ordinary portland cement and composite portland cement;
preferably, the mixed cement is formed by mixing ordinary portland cement and the composite portland cement according to a mass ratio of 3: 1;
still more preferably, the grades of both the ordinary portland cement and the composite portland cement satisfy a strength grade of 42.5.
In the bottom layer plastering gypsum as described above, preferably, the sand is medium sand with an average particle size of 0.35-0.5 mm;
preferably, the sand is natural sand or mixed sand formed by mixing natural sand and reclaimed sand;
preferably, the mixed sand is formed by mixing the natural sand and the reclaimed sand according to the mass ratio of (3-4) to 1.
In the bottom layer plastering gypsum as described above, preferably, the whisker is a gypsum whisker;
preferably, the length of the whisker is 100-200 μm, and the diameter is 5-7 μm.
In the bottom layer plastering gypsum, preferably, the retarder is sodium pyrometaphosphate or a mixed retarder formed by mixing sodium pyrometaphosphate and sodium citrate;
preferably, the mixing retarder is formed by mixing the sodium pyrometaphosphate and the sodium citrate according to the mass ratio of 4: 1.
In the bottom layer plastering gypsum, preferably, the water retaining agent is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether, or a mixed water retaining agent formed by mixing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether;
preferably, the mixed water retaining agent is formed by mixing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether according to a mass ratio of 1: 1.
In the bottom plastering gypsum as described above, preferably, the binder is a redispersible latex powder;
preferably, the binder has a solids content of 98-100%;
preferably, the water reducing agent is a naphthalene water reducing agent.
A method for preparing bottom plastering gypsum, comprising:
step one, whisker dispersion, comprising:
adding the crystal whisker into water, and uniformly dispersing the crystal whisker into the water after stirring to obtain crystal whisker dispersion liquid;
step two, mixing materials, comprising:
adding water into a container, sequentially adding a retarder, a water-retaining agent, a binder and a water reducing agent, uniformly dispersing the retarder, the water-retaining agent, the binder and the water reducing agent after stirring, sequentially adding building gypsum, regenerated building gypsum and cement, adding water again, uniformly stirring, adding salt gypsum, subsequently adding the whisker dispersion liquid into the container, and uniformly mixing the materials to obtain the bottom-layer plastering gypsum.
In the above method for preparing plastering gypsum for floors, preferably, the method for preparing the recycled building gypsum comprises: crushing waste gypsum, grinding for 10-20min, calcining at 160-170 ℃ for 2-4h, and aging at room temperature for 7d to obtain the regenerated building gypsum.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following excellent effects:
the method for preparing the bottom layer plastering gypsum by using the well salt gypsum uses the well salt gypsum to produce the bottom layer plastering gypsum, replaces the building gypsum in the traditional preparation process of the bottom layer plastering gypsum, widens the source of the gypsum for the plastering gypsum, reduces the cost of the gypsum for the bottom layer plastering gypsum, widens the utilization path of the well salt gypsum, improves the utilization rate and the utilization level of the well salt gypsum, and simultaneously has better economic benefit when the well salt gypsum is used for preparing the bottom layer plastering gypsum.
In addition, the raw material is well salt gypsum, the source is sufficient, and the sustainability is good; the bottom layer plastering gypsum produced by the preparation method has no radioactivity, no toxicity and no harm to human body; the prepared plastering gypsum has good water retention, long operable time, high strength, no shrinkage of the coating and good stability; not only protects the environment, but also has low market price and better environmental and economic benefits.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The method improves the hydration and hardening characteristics of the well salt gypsum by performing activity excitation on the well salt gypsum, thereby improving the hydration rate and hardening strength of the well salt gypsum-based bottom layer plastering gypsum.
The bottom layer plastering gypsum prepared by using the well salt gypsum comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23-29 parts (such as 24 parts, 25 parts, 26 parts, 27 parts and 28 parts) of salt gypsum, 24-34 parts (such as 25 parts, 26 parts, 27 parts, 28 parts, 29 parts, 30 parts, 31 parts, 32 parts and 33 parts) of building gypsum, 2-4 parts (such as 2.5 parts, 3 parts, 3.5 parts and 3.8 parts) of recycled building gypsum, 6-10 parts (such as 7 parts, 7.5 parts, 8 parts, 8.5 parts, 9 parts and 9.5 parts) of cement, 25-34 parts (such as 26 parts, 27 parts, 28 parts, 29 parts, 30 parts, 31 parts, 32 parts and 33 parts) of retarder, 0.14-0.20 part (such as 0.15 part, 0.16 part, 0.17 part, 0.18 part and 0.19 part) of water-retaining agent, 0.10-0.20 part (such as 0.12 part, 0.14 part, 0.16 part, 0.18 part, 1.20 part (such as 1.1.1.1.1 part) of binder, 1.6 parts (such as 1.5 parts) and 1.1.6 parts of water-reducing agent, 0.7 part, 0.8 part, 0.9 part, 1.0 part, 1.1 part, 1.2 parts, 1.3 parts, 1.4 parts, 1.5 parts, 1.6 parts, 1.7 parts, 1.8 parts, 1.9 parts), 0.5-1.5 parts (such as 0.6 part, 0.7 part, 0.8 part, 0.9 part, 1.0 part, 1.1 part, 1.2 parts, 1.3 parts, 1.4 parts) of whisker, 0.4-0.7 part (such as 0.45 part, 0.5 part, 0.55 part, 0.6 part, 0.65 part) of sodium silicate.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the content of anhydrous calcium sulfate in the salt gypsum is greater than 85%; preferably, the salt content in the salt gypsum is within 0.1%.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the 2h flexural strength of the building gypsum is more than 3MPa, and the 2h compressive strength is more than 6 MPa.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the cement is ordinary portland cement or mixed cement formed by mixing ordinary portland cement and composite portland cement; preferably, the mixed cement is formed by mixing ordinary portland cement and composite portland cement according to the mass ratio of 3: 1; still more preferably, the grades of both ordinary portland cement and composite portland cement meet a strength grade of 42.5.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the sand is medium sand with an average particle size of 0.35-0.5 mm; preferably, the sand is natural sand or mixed sand formed by mixing natural sand and reclaimed sand; preferably, the mixed sand is formed by mixing natural sand and reclaimed sand according to the mass ratio of (3-4) to 1 (such as 3.2:1, 3.3:1, 3.4:1, 3.5:1, 3.6:1, 3.7:1, 3.8:1 and 3.9: 1); still preferably, the reclaimed sand is produced by crushing waste concrete.
In a particular embodiment of the invention, the whiskers are gypsum whiskers; the main component of the gypsum whisker is calcium sulfate hemihydrate; preferably, the whiskers have a length of 100-200 μm (such as 110 μm, 120 μm, 130 μm, 140 μm, 150 μm, 160 μm, 170 μm, 180 μm, 190 μm) and a diameter of 5-7 μm (such as 5.5 μm, 6 μm, 6.5 μm, 6.8 μm).
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the retarder is sodium pyrometaphosphate or a mixed retarder formed by mixing sodium pyrometaphosphate and sodium citrate; preferably, the mixed retarder is formed by mixing sodium pyrometaphosphate and sodium citrate according to the mass ratio of 4: 1; more preferably, sodium pyrometaphosphate and sodium citrate are both analytically pure.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the water retaining agent is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether, or a mixed water retaining agent formed by mixing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether; preferably, the mixed water-retaining agent is formed by mixing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the binder is a redispersible latex powder; preferably, the binder has a solids content of 98-100% (e.g., 98.2%, 98.4%, 98.6%, 98.8%, 99%, 99.2%, 99.4%, 99.6%, 99.8%); preferably, the water reducing agent is a naphthalene water reducing agent; preferably, the sodium silicate is analytically pure.
In order to further understand the bottom layer plastering gypsum prepared by using the well salt gypsum, the invention also provides a preparation method of the bottom layer plastering gypsum, which comprises the following steps:
step one, whisker dispersion, comprising:
adding the crystal whiskers into 5 parts of water, and uniformly dispersing the crystal whiskers into the water after stirring to obtain crystal whisker dispersion liquid;
step two, mixing materials, comprising:
adding 10-13 parts (such as 11 parts, 11.5 parts, 12 parts and 12.5 parts) of water into a container, then sequentially adding a retarder, a water-retaining agent, a binder and a water reducing agent, stirring for 0.5-3min (such as 1min, 1.5min, 2min and 2.5min) to uniformly disperse the water, then sequentially adding building gypsum, regenerated building gypsum and cement, adding 7-10 parts (such as 8 parts, 8.5 parts, 9 parts and 9.5 parts) of water again, stirring for 0.5-3min (1min, 1.5min, 2min and 2.5min) to uniformly disperse the water, adding salt gypsum, then adding the whisker dispersion liquid into the container, and uniformly mixing the materials to obtain the bottom layer plastering gypsum.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the regenerated building gypsum comprises the following steps: crushing waste gypsum, grinding for 10-20min (such as 12min, 14min, 16min and 18min), calcining at 160-170 ℃ (such as 162 ℃, 164 ℃, 166 ℃ and 168 ℃) for 2-4h (such as 2.2h, 2.4h, 2.6h, 2.8h, 3h, 3.2h, 3.4h, 3.6h and 3.8h), and finally aging at room temperature for 7d to obtain the regenerated building gypsum. Preferably, the waste gypsum does not contain clay and other impurities, and the content of calcium sulfate in the waste gypsum is more than 90%.
The additive used in the invention comprises an exciting agent, a water-retaining agent, a bonding agent and a water reducing agent, and the crystal whiskers are added to reinforce and toughen the plastering gypsum, wherein the action mechanism of each component on the plastering gypsum is as follows:
1. exciting agent
The preparation of the bottom layer plastering gypsum by using the well salt gypsum mainly solves the problem that the well salt gypsum is too slow in condensation, and the plastering gypsum is required to have certain operable time during wall surface painting construction and to be quickly condensed after the construction is finished, so that the initial setting time is not shorter than 1h, the final setting time is not longer than 8h, and the problem that the salt gypsum is slow in condensation can be effectively solved by using the exciting agent. The invention adopts building gypsum, sodium silicate and retarder to compound throughThe building gypsum is quickly dissolved, thereby increasing Ca in the solution2+And SO4 2-The concentration and supersaturation degree of the liquid phase ions of (1) can accelerate Ca in well salt gypsum2+And SO4 2-The addition of the building gypsum can cause flash coagulation, so that the retarder is added into the gypsum mixture to prevent the growth of building gypsum crystals in the c-axis direction, thereby achieving the aim of retarding the building gypsum, and the sodium silicate is mixed with Ca in the salt gypsum to realize the purpose of retarding the building gypsum2+The combination forms insoluble calcium silicate salt, thereby accelerating the crystallization of the salt gypsum and increasing the strength of the salt gypsum. Therefore, the construction gypsum, the sodium silicate and the retarder are compounded, so that the well salt gypsum base layer plastering gypsum has operable construction time and subsequent rapid setting.
2. Water-retaining agent
Although the building gypsum is mixed in the well salt gypsum and the hydration of the building gypsum is accelerated, the salt gypsum still can not be completely hydrated in a short time, and in order to fully hydrate the well salt gypsum, a certain amount of water needs to be kept in the gypsum, however, most of building walls are made of inorganic porous materials and have strong water absorption performance, a part of water in the gypsum slurry is transferred to a base wall, so that the separation and the shell formation of the joint of the slurry and the building wall are caused, and the strength of plastering gypsum is reduced. The water-retaining agent is added to keep the water contained in the plastering gypsum and ensure the complete hydration of the gypsum. The water-retaining agent used in the invention is hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether or hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether which are organic high-molecular long-chain structures, long chains are mutually wound after being opened, and a winding chain wraps water, so that the water migration is difficult, and the water-retaining property is good macroscopically.
3. Binder
After the bottom-layer plastering gypsum is applied to the wall, the phenomena of infirm bonding between the gypsum and the substrate and hollowing of a bottom-layer plastering gypsum layer are easy to occur, and the addition of the binder is an important means for improving the bonding strength between the bottom-layer plastering gypsum particles and improving the bonding force between the bottom-layer plastering gypsum and the substrate. The adhesive used in the invention is re-dispersible latex powder, and the viscosity of the mixing water is increased by the adhesive, so that the rheological property of the plastering gypsum is improved, and bleeding is reduced, thereby improving the adhesive property of the plastering gypsum.
4. Water reducing agent
The well salt gypsum has poor activity and lower strength than building gypsum, the bottom layer plastering gypsum prepared from the well salt gypsum cannot meet the requirement of national standard, the problem can be effectively relieved by adding a small amount of high-efficiency naphthalene water reducing agent, the molecules of the water reducing agent are directionally adsorbed on the surfaces of gypsum particles, the hydrophilic base ends point to aqueous solution, and the surfaces of cement particles are mutually repelled by charges with the same electrical property due to the ionization effect of hydrophilic groups, so that the effects of reducing water and enhancing are achieved.
5. Whisker
The well salt gypsum is a brittle material and has the characteristics of low breaking strength and poor toughness. The gypsum whisker as a fiber with complete crystal structure has the characteristics of large length-diameter ratio and good toughening effect. The well salt gypsum is toughened by the gypsum whiskers, so that the breaking strength of the well salt gypsum can be improved, the toughness of the well salt gypsum can be changed, the purpose of prolonging the service life of plastering gypsum on a salt gypsum base layer can be achieved, and meanwhile, the gypsum whiskers and the gypsum belong to the same class of substances, and the gypsum whiskers and the gypsum have good compatibility, so that a better toughening effect can be achieved.
Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are the following: the content of anhydrous calcium sulfate in the salt gypsum is more than 85 percent, and the salt content in the salt gypsum is within 0.1 percent; the length of the gypsum whisker is 100-200 mu m, and the diameter is 5-7 mu m; the solid content of the bonding agent redispersible emulsion powder is 98 percent; the 2h rupture strength of the building gypsum is 4MPa, and the 2h compressive strength is 8 MPa; sodium pyrometaphosphate, sodium citrate and sodium silicate are all analytically pure; the ordinary Portland cement and the composite Portland cement both meet the requirement of 42.5 grades; the reclaimed sand is prepared by crushing waste concrete; the sand is medium sand with the average grain diameter of 0.35-0.5 mm.
Example 1
The preparation method of the bottom plastering gypsum prepared by using the well salt gypsum provided by the embodiment comprises the following raw materials: 31kg of natural sand, 25kg of well salt gypsum, 30kg of building gypsum, 2kg of regenerated building gypsum, 7kg of ordinary portland cement, 1.5kg of a naphthalene water reducing agent, 1.5kg of redispersible latex powder, 0.15kg of a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether water-retaining agent, 0.5kg of sodium silicate, 1kg of crystal whisker, 0.12kg of sodium pyrometaphosphate and 0.03kg of sodium citrate.
The preparation process of the regenerated building gypsum comprises the following steps: crushing the waste gypsum without impurities, grinding for 15min, calcining at 160 ℃ for 3h, and aging at room temperature for 7d to obtain the regenerated building gypsum.
The preparation process of the bottom layer plastering gypsum comprises the following steps:
step one, whisker dispersion: the whiskers were added to 5kg of water and stirred for 3min to uniformly disperse the whiskers in the water.
Step two, mixing materials: adding 13kg of water into a stirring pot, sequentially adding a retarder, a water-retaining agent, a binder and a water reducing agent, stirring for 1min to uniformly disperse the admixture, sequentially adding the building gypsum, the regenerated building gypsum and the cement, adding 9kg of water, uniformly stirring, adding the well salt gypsum, adding the dispersion liquid of the crystal whiskers into the stirring pot, and uniformly mixing the materials to obtain the water-based heat-insulation material.
The bottom layer plastering gypsum prepared in the embodiment is added into water and then used for forming a bottom layer of a wall body, the detection is carried out according to the GB/T28627-2012 plastering gypsum standard, and the internal irradiation index and the external irradiation index of the bottom layer plastering gypsum are both less than 1 through HD-2001 low-background multi-channel gamma energy spectrometer detection. The detection shows that the basic properties of the material are as follows: the initial setting time is 246min, the final setting time is 281min, the water retention rate is 85%, the flexural strength is 2.14MPa, the compressive strength is 4.54MPa, and the tensile bonding strength is 0.46 MPa.
Example 2
The preparation method of the bottom plastering gypsum prepared by using the well salt gypsum provided by the embodiment comprises the following raw materials: 34kg of natural sand, 23kg of well salt gypsum, 25kg of building gypsum, 3kg of regenerated building gypsum, 7.5kg of ordinary portland cement, 2.5kg of composite portland cement, 2.0kg of a naphthalene water reducing agent, 2.0kg of redispersible latex powder, 0.10kg of hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether water-retaining agent, 0.10kg of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether water-retaining agent, 0.4kg of sodium silicate, 0.6kg of whisker and 0.14kg of sodium pyrometaphosphate.
The preparation process of the regenerated building gypsum comprises the following steps: crushing the waste gypsum without impurities, grinding for 20min, calcining at 170 ℃ for 2h, and aging at room temperature for 7d to obtain the regenerated building gypsum.
The preparation process of the bottom layer plastering gypsum comprises the following steps:
step one, whisker dispersion: the whiskers were added to 5kg of water and stirred for 3min to uniformly disperse the whiskers in the water.
Step two, mixing materials: adding 11kg of water into a stirring pot, sequentially adding a retarder, a water-retaining agent, a binder and a water reducing agent, stirring for 1min to uniformly disperse the admixture, sequentially adding the building gypsum, the regenerated building gypsum and the cement, adding 8kg of water, uniformly stirring, adding the well salt gypsum, adding the dispersion liquid of the crystal whiskers into the stirring pot, and uniformly mixing the materials to obtain the water-based heat-insulation material.
The performance test of the bottom layer plastering gypsum prepared in the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the basic performance of the material is detected according to the standard GB/T28627-2012 plastering gypsum: the initial setting time is 165min, the final setting time is 196min, the water retention rate is 90%, the flexural strength is 2.05MPa, the compressive strength is 4.29MPa, and the tensile bonding strength is 0.49 MPa.
Example 3
The preparation method of the bottom plastering gypsum prepared by using the well salt gypsum provided by the embodiment comprises the following raw materials: 20kg of natural sand, 5kg of regenerated sand, 29kg of well salt gypsum, 33kg of building gypsum, 2kg of regenerated building gypsum, 6kg of ordinary portland cement, 2kg of composite portland cement, 1.0kg of a naphthalene water reducing agent, 1.5kg of redispersible latex powder, 0.15kg of a hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether water-retaining agent, 0.7kg of sodium silicate, 1.2kg of crystal whisker and 0.18kg of sodium pyrometaphosphate.
The preparation process of the regenerated building gypsum comprises the following steps: crushing the waste gypsum without impurities, grinding for 10min, calcining at 165 ℃ for 3.5h, and finally aging at room temperature for 7d to obtain the regenerated building gypsum.
The preparation process of the bottom layer plastering gypsum comprises the following steps:
step one, whisker dispersion: the whiskers were added to 5kg of water and stirred for 3min to uniformly disperse the whiskers in the water.
Step two, mixing materials: firstly, adding 13kg of water into a stirring pot, then sequentially adding a retarder, a water-retaining agent, a binder and a water reducing agent, stirring for 1min to uniformly disperse the admixture, then sequentially adding the building gypsum, the regenerated building gypsum and the cement, adding 10kg of water, stirring uniformly, then adding the well salt gypsum, then adding the dispersion liquid of the crystal whiskers into the stirring pot, and mixing uniformly to obtain the product.
The performance test of the bottom layer plastering gypsum prepared in the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the basic performance of the material is detected according to the standard GB/T28627-2012 plastering gypsum: initial setting time is 264min, final setting time is 306min, water retention rate is 84%, flexural strength is 2.32MPa, compressive strength is 4.68MPa, and tensile bonding strength is 0.47 MPa.
Example 4
The preparation method of the bottom plastering gypsum prepared by using the well salt gypsum provided by the embodiment comprises the following raw materials: 31kg of natural sand, 24kg of well salt gypsum, 29kg of building gypsum, 4kg of regenerated building gypsum, 7kg of ordinary portland cement, 1.3kg of a naphthalene water reducing agent, 1.3kg of redispersible latex powder, 0.15kg of a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether water-retaining agent, 0.6kg of sodium silicate, 1.5kg of crystal whiskers, 0.12kg of sodium pyrometaphosphate and 0.03kg of sodium citrate.
The preparation process of the regenerated building gypsum comprises the following steps: crushing the waste gypsum without impurities, grinding for 15min, calcining at 160 ℃ for 4h, and aging at room temperature for 7d to obtain the regenerated building gypsum.
The preparation process of the bottom layer plastering gypsum comprises the following steps:
step one, whisker dispersion: the whiskers were added to 5kg of water and stirred for 3min to uniformly disperse the whiskers in the water.
Step two, mixing materials: adding 13kg of water into a stirring pot, sequentially adding a retarder, a water-retaining agent, a binder and a water reducing agent, stirring for 1min to uniformly disperse the admixture, sequentially adding the building gypsum, the regenerated building gypsum and the cement, adding 8kg of water, uniformly stirring, adding the well salt gypsum, adding the dispersion liquid of the crystal whiskers into the stirring pot, and uniformly mixing the materials to obtain the water-based heat-insulation material.
The performance test of the bottom layer plastering gypsum prepared in the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the basic performance of the material is detected according to the standard GB/T28627-2012 plastering gypsum: the initial setting time is 232min, the final setting time is 265min, the water retention rate is 86%, the flexural strength is 2.15MPa, the compressive strength is 4.60MPa, and the tensile bonding strength is 0.43 MPa.
Example 5
The preparation method of the bottom plastering gypsum prepared by using the well salt gypsum provided by the embodiment comprises the following raw materials: 18kg of natural sand, 6kg of regenerated sand, 26kg of well salt gypsum, 33kg of building gypsum, 4kg of regenerated building gypsum, 6kg of ordinary portland cement, 2kg of composite portland cement, 2.0kg of a naphthalene water reducing agent, 1.2kg of redispersible latex powder, 0.12kg of hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether water-retaining agent, 0.7kg of sodium silicate, 0.5kg of crystal whisker, 0.16kg of sodium pyrometaphosphate and 0.04kg of sodium citrate.
The preparation process of the regenerated building gypsum comprises the following steps: crushing the waste gypsum without impurities, grinding for 15min, calcining at 160 ℃ for 4h, and aging at room temperature for 7d to obtain the regenerated building gypsum.
The preparation process of the bottom layer plastering gypsum comprises the following steps:
step one, whisker dispersion: the whiskers were added to 5kg of water and stirred for 3min to uniformly disperse the whiskers in the water.
Step two, mixing materials: firstly, adding 10kg of water into a stirring pot, then sequentially adding a retarder, a water-retaining agent, a binder and a water reducing agent, stirring for 1min to uniformly disperse the admixture, then sequentially adding the building gypsum, the regenerated building gypsum and the cement, adding 8kg of water, stirring uniformly, then adding the well salt gypsum, then adding the dispersion liquid of the crystal whiskers into the stirring pot, and mixing uniformly to obtain the product.
The performance test of the bottom layer plastering gypsum prepared in the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the basic performance of the material is detected according to the standard GB/T28627-2012 plastering gypsum: initial setting time is 279min, final setting time is 304min, water retention rate is 81%, breaking strength is 2.19MPa, compressive strength is 4.46MPa, and tensile bonding strength is 0.44 MPa.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the bottom layer plastering gypsum prepared by using the well salt gypsum provided by the comparative example comprises the following raw materials: 40kg of natural sand, 21kg of well salt gypsum, 26kg of building gypsum, 3kg of regenerated building gypsum, 4.5kg of ordinary portland cement, 1.5kg of composite portland cement, 1.5kg of a naphthalene water reducing agent, 1.5kg of redispersible latex powder, 0.15kg of a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether water-retaining agent, 0.5kg of sodium silicate, 1.0kg of crystal whisker, 0.12kg of sodium pyrometaphosphate and 0.03kg of sodium citrate.
The preparation process of the regenerated building gypsum comprises the following steps: crushing the waste gypsum without impurities, grinding for 20min, calcining at 160 ℃ for 4h, and aging at room temperature for 7d to obtain the regenerated building gypsum.
The preparation process of the bottom layer plastering gypsum comprises the following steps:
step one, whisker dispersion: the whiskers were added to 5kg of water and stirred for 3min to uniformly disperse the whiskers in the water.
Step two, mixing materials: adding 12kg of water into a stirring pot, sequentially adding a retarder, a water-retaining agent, a binder and a water reducing agent, stirring for 1min to uniformly disperse the admixture, sequentially adding the building gypsum, the regenerated building gypsum and the cement, adding 9kg of water, uniformly stirring, adding the well salt gypsum, adding the dispersion liquid of the crystal whiskers into the stirring pot, and uniformly mixing the materials to obtain the water-based heat-insulation material.
When the performance test is carried out on the bottom layer plastering gypsum prepared in the comparative example, the performance test is the same as that of the example 1, the detection is carried out according to the GB/T28627-2012 plastering gypsum standard, and the detection shows that the basic performance of the material is as follows: initial setting time is 58min, final setting time is 62min, water retention rate is 76%, flexural strength is 1.10MPa, compressive strength is 3.25MPa, and tensile bonding strength is 0.32 MPa.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the bottom layer plastering gypsum prepared by using the well salt gypsum provided by the comparative example comprises the following raw materials: 31kg of natural sand, 50kg of well salt gypsum, 7kg of building gypsum, 4kg of regenerated building gypsum, 7kg of ordinary portland cement, 1.5kg of a naphthalene water reducing agent, 1.5kg of redispersible latex powder, 0.15kg of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether water-retaining agent, 0.5kg of sodium silicate, 1kg of crystal whisker, 0.12kg of sodium pyrometaphosphate and 0.03kg of sodium citrate.
The preparation process of the bottom layer plastering gypsum comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) crystal whisker dispersion: the whiskers were added to 5kg of water and stirred for 3min to uniformly disperse the whiskers in the water.
(2) Mixing materials: adding 13kg of water into a stirring pot, sequentially adding a retarder, a water-retaining agent, a binder and a water reducing agent, stirring for 1min to uniformly disperse the admixture, sequentially adding the building gypsum, the regenerated building gypsum and the cement, adding 9kg of water, uniformly stirring, adding the well salt gypsum, adding the dispersion liquid of the crystal whiskers into the stirring pot, and uniformly mixing the materials to obtain the water-based heat-insulation material.
When the performance test is carried out on the bottom layer plastering gypsum prepared in the comparative example, the performance test is the same as that of the example 1, the detection is carried out according to the GB/T28627-2012 plastering gypsum standard, and the detection shows that the basic performance of the material is as follows: initial setting time of 1698min, final setting time of 1932min, water retention rate of 52%, flexural strength of 0.44MPa, compressive strength of 0.56MPa, and tensile bond strength could not be measured.
Comparative example 3
The difference between this comparative example and example 2 is that the amount of sodium pyrometaphosphate added is 0.1kg, and the other steps and methods are the same as those in example 2 and will not be described herein again.
The plastering gypsum prepared in the comparative example adopts the same test method as the example 2, and the basic properties of the obtained material are as follows: the initial setting time is 38min, the final setting time is 47min, the water retention rate is 90%, the flexural strength is 2.17MPa, the compressive strength is 4.42MPa, and the tensile bonding strength is 0.49 MPa. (in this comparative example, the setting time did not satisfy the use requirements.)
Comparative example 4
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the gypsum whisker added in the comparative example is a short whisker, the length is 20 μm, the diameter is 5-7 μm, and other steps and methods are the same as those in the example 1 and are not repeated herein.
The plastering gypsum prepared in the comparative example adopts the same test method as the example 1, and the basic properties of the obtained material are as follows: the initial setting time is 242min, the final setting time is 278min, the water retention rate is 85%, the flexural strength is 1.89MPa, the compressive strength is 4.46MPa, and the tensile bonding strength is 0.45 MPa. (in this comparative example, the flexural strength was low.)
Comparative example 5
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that 0.2kg of sodium silicate as a raw material and 0.3kg of sodium citrate as a retarder were added in this comparative example, and the other steps and methods are the same as in example 1 and will not be described again.
The plastering gypsum prepared in the comparative example adopts the same test method as the example 1, and the basic properties of the obtained material are as follows: the initial setting time is 1539min, the final setting time is 1698min, the water retention rate is 75%, the flexural strength is 1.13MPa, the compressive strength is 2.69MPa, and the tensile bonding strength cannot be measured. (all the indexes in the comparison example can not meet the use requirements.)
Comparative example 6
The difference between this comparative example and example 1 is that the salt content in the raw material salt gypsum added in this comparative example is 1%, and other steps and methods are the same as those in example 1 and are not described again here.
The plastering gypsum prepared in the comparative example adopts the same test method as the example 1, and the basic properties of the obtained material are as follows: the initial setting time is 230min, the final setting time is 279min, the water retention rate is 82%, the flexural strength is 2.11MPa, the compressive strength is 4.43MPa, and the tensile bonding strength is 0.44 MPa. In the contrast example, the test piece has serious efflorescence and overlarge salt content, can be salted out along with the evaporation of water on the surface of plastering gypsum in the use process of bottom plastering gypsum, slightly influences the appearance, can lead to surface pulverization and peeling in serious cases, and even causes the damage of plastering layer wall.
Comparative example 7
The difference between the comparative example and example 1 is that the retarder is sodium citrate, the addition amount is 0.15kg, and other steps and methods are the same as example 1 and are not repeated herein.
The plastering gypsum prepared in the comparative example adopts the same test method as the example 1, and the basic properties of the obtained material are as follows: the initial setting time was 261min, the final setting time was 295min, the water retention rate was 84%, the flexural strength was 1.16MPa, the compressive strength was 2.72MPa, and the tensile bond strength could not be measured.
The performance data of the bottom plastering gypsum prepared in examples and comparative examples are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 performance of the plastering gypsum for primer prepared in examples and comparative examples
The prepared bottom layer plastering gypsum is used for the bottom layer of a wall body by reasonably selecting the components and the proportion of the raw materials, has proper initial setting time and final setting time, the initial setting time is more than 2.5 hours, the final setting time is less than 5.5 hours, the water retention rate is higher, the water retention rate reaches more than 80 percent, the maximum flexural strength reaches 2.32MPa, the maximum compressive strength is 4.68MPa, and the tensile bonding strength is better. In contrast example 1, it was found that the setting time is greatly shortened by decreasing the content of the salt gypsum and increasing the content of the sand, and the strength of the material is reduced, so that the use requirements cannot be met; it can be seen from the comparison example 2 that the too high proportion of the salt gypsum in the main material can greatly prolong the setting time of the plastering gypsum and reduce the strength, and the standard requirements on the performance of the plastering gypsum are difficult to meet.
As can be seen from the comparison example 5, the amount of the added sodium citrate is too high, which is 1 time higher than that of the retarder in the example 1, so that the setting time of the material is prolonged, and the strength is reduced due to too much sodium citrate; meanwhile, the addition proportion of the sodium silicate serving as an excitant is too low, so that the activity excitation effect of the sodium silicate on the salt gypsum is reduced, and the strength is also influenced.
In summary, the following steps: the well salt gypsum is adopted to replace the building gypsum in the preparation process of the traditional bottom layer plastering gypsum, so that the accumulation of the salt gypsum can be greatly reduced, the pollution to the environment is reduced, and the cost of the bottom layer plastering gypsum is also reduced. The plastering gypsum produced by the preparation method has no radioactivity, no toxicity and no harm to human body; the prepared plastering gypsum has good water retention, long operable time, high strength, no shrinkage of the coating and good stability; not only protects the environment, but also has low market price and better environmental and economic benefits.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The bottom layer plastering gypsum is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 23-29 parts of salt gypsum, 24-34 parts of building gypsum, 2-4 parts of regenerated building gypsum, 6-10 parts of cement, 25-34 parts of sand, 0.14-0.20 part of retarder, 0.10-0.20 part of water-retaining agent, 1.20-2.0 parts of binder, 0.50-2.0 parts of water reducing agent, 0.5-1.5 parts of whisker and 0.4-0.7 part of sodium silicate.
2. The bottom plastering gypsum of claim 1 wherein the amount of anhydrous calcium sulfate present in said salt gypsum is greater than 85%;
preferably, the salt content in the salt gypsum is within 0.1%.
3. The bottom plastering gypsum of claim 1, wherein the cement is ordinary portland cement or a mixed cement of ordinary portland cement and composite portland cement;
preferably, the mixed cement is formed by mixing ordinary portland cement and the composite portland cement according to a mass ratio of 3: 1;
still more preferably, the grades of both the ordinary portland cement and the composite portland cement satisfy a strength grade of 42.5.
4. The bottom plastering gypsum of claim 1, wherein the sand is medium sand having an average particle diameter of 0.35 to 0.5 mm;
preferably, the sand is natural sand or mixed sand formed by mixing natural sand and reclaimed sand;
preferably, the mixed sand is formed by mixing the natural sand and the reclaimed sand according to the mass ratio of (3-4) to 1.
5. The bottom plastering gypsum of claim 1 wherein said whiskers are gypsum whiskers;
preferably, the length of the whisker is 100-200 μm, and the diameter is 5-7 μm.
6. The bottom plastering gypsum of claim 1, wherein the retarder is sodium pyrometaphosphate or a mixed retarder of sodium pyrometaphosphate and sodium citrate;
preferably, the mixing retarder is formed by mixing the sodium pyrometaphosphate and the sodium citrate according to the mass ratio of 4: 1.
7. The bottom plastering gypsum of claim 1, wherein the water retaining agent is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether, or a mixed water retaining agent of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether;
preferably, the mixed water retaining agent is formed by mixing hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether according to a mass ratio of 1: 1.
8. The bottom plastering gypsum of claim 1 wherein said binder is a redispersible latex powder;
preferably, the binder has a solids content of 98-100%;
preferably, the water reducing agent is a naphthalene water reducing agent.
9. A method of preparing the bottom plastering gypsum according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the method comprises:
step one, whisker dispersion, comprising:
adding the crystal whisker into water, and uniformly dispersing the crystal whisker into the water after stirring to obtain crystal whisker dispersion liquid;
step two, mixing materials, comprising:
adding water into a container, sequentially adding a retarder, a water-retaining agent, a binder and a water reducing agent, uniformly dispersing the retarder, the water-retaining agent, the binder and the water reducing agent after stirring, sequentially adding building gypsum, regenerated building gypsum and cement, adding water again, uniformly stirring, adding salt gypsum, subsequently adding the whisker dispersion liquid into the container, and uniformly mixing the materials to obtain the bottom-layer plastering gypsum.
10. The method of preparing render-ready plaster according to claim 9, wherein the method of preparing the recycled construction gypsum comprises: crushing waste gypsum, grinding for 10-20min, calcining at 160-170 ℃ for 2-4h, and aging at room temperature for 7d to obtain the regenerated building gypsum.
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