CN110757922A - Composite fabric and production method thereof - Google Patents

Composite fabric and production method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110757922A
CN110757922A CN201911152281.1A CN201911152281A CN110757922A CN 110757922 A CN110757922 A CN 110757922A CN 201911152281 A CN201911152281 A CN 201911152281A CN 110757922 A CN110757922 A CN 110757922A
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China
Prior art keywords
ribbon
fibers
waterproof breathable
particles
composite fabric
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CN201911152281.1A
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CN110757922B (en
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罗章生
刘爽
何力军
赵海舰
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Xiamen Dang Sheng New Materials Co Ltd
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Xiamen Dang Sheng New Materials Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/007—Addition polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/009—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2437/00—Clothing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite fabric and a production method thereof. The composite fabric comprises a base fabric and a waterproof breathable layer; the waterproof breathable layer contains ribbon type fibers which are mutually overlapped, the ribbon type fibers are distributed in a fluffy mode in the thickness direction of the waterproof breathable layer, micropores of 0.1-3 mu m are formed in the cross section of the waterproof breathable layer, and airflow channels are formed in the waterproof breathable layer through the micropores. The composite fabric has good air permeability.

Description

Composite fabric and production method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite fabric and a production method thereof, in particular to a waterproof and breathable composite fabric and a production method thereof.
Background
The composite fabric is a novel material formed by bonding and laminating one or more layers of textile materials, non-woven materials and other functional materials. The composite fabric has more excellent performance after being modified. CN209126251U discloses a textile fabric for dress designing, including antistatic layer, metal conductive wire net layer, peculiar smell absorbing layer, waterproof precoat, textile fabric layer, inside lining antibacterial layer, sweat absorbing layer and ventilative wearing layer, waterproof precoat for polytetrafluoroethylene and fiber cloth complex make. The textile fabric for clothing design has poor air permeability. CN108556438A discloses a light, breathable and waterproof game clothing fabric, which comprises a waterproof and breathable layer on the surface layer, an antibacterial insulating layer in the middle and a moisture-absorbing and breathable layer on the inner layer, wherein the waterproof and breathable layer is a thermoplastic polyurethane and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer blending modified composite fabric. The air permeability of the game clothing fabric is poor. CN208211551U discloses waterproof ventilative garment materials, including the pure cotton stratum basale, the top of pure cotton stratum basale be provided with the cotton weft of washing cotton layer, the cotton weft of washing cotton layer top is provided with the bamboo charcoal fiber sterilization layer, the bamboo charcoal fiber sterilization layer top is provided with the waterproof ventilated membrane of polytetrafluoroethylene, the top of the waterproof ventilated membrane of polytetrafluoroethylene is provided with the wearing layer. The garment material has poor air permeability.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a composite fabric, which has good waterproof and air-permeable properties. Further, the composite fabric has good strength.
The invention also aims to provide a method for preparing the composite fabric, which is simple in process and suitable for industrial production. The technical scheme is adopted to achieve the purpose.
In one aspect, the invention provides a composite fabric, which comprises a base fabric and a waterproof breathable layer; the waterproof breathable layer contains ribbon type fibers which are mutually overlapped, the ribbon type fibers are distributed in a fluffy mode in the thickness direction of the waterproof breathable layer, micropores with the pore diameter distribution of 0.1-3 mu m are formed in the cross section of the waterproof breathable layer, and airflow channels are formed in the waterproof breathable layer through the micropores.
According to the composite fabric of the present invention, preferably, the ribbon fiber is selected from one or more of polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber and polyphenylene sulfide fiber.
According to the composite fabric, the thickness of the ribbon fiber is preferably 0.2-3 μm, and the width of the ribbon fiber is preferably 2-25 μm.
According to the composite fabric of the present invention, preferably, the base layer is a woven fabric or a knitted fabric.
According to the composite fabric, preferably, the waterproof breathable layer further contains particles, and the particles and the ribbon-type fibers are arranged in a staggered mode.
According to the composite fabric of the invention, D of the particles is preferably900.1 to 3 μm.
According to the composite fabric of the present invention, preferably, the particulate matter is selected from one or more of titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, alumina, silicate, carbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polystyrene, polyethylene glycol, polydimethylsiloxane, polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, and chitosan.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a production method of the composite fabric, which comprises the following steps:
(1) forming a spinning solution, and forming the spinning solution into nascent fibers;
(2) spraying a solution containing the particles on the nascent fiber to obtain the nascent fiber with the particles attached to the surface;
(3) collecting the nascent fibers with the particles attached to the surfaces to a lapping and transferring device to form ribbon fibers, wherein the ribbon fibers are mutually overlapped, and the particles and the ribbon fibers are arranged in a staggered manner, so that micropores are formed among the ribbon fibers, and the waterproof breathable material is obtained;
(4) removing particles in the waterproof breathable material to obtain a waterproof breathable layer;
(5) and (4) compounding the waterproof breathable layer with the base fabric to obtain the composite fabric.
According to the production method of the present invention, preferably, the solution containing the particulate matter in the step (2) further contains a surfactant, and the solution containing the particulate matter is sprayed on the primary fiber in the form of aerosol; the solution containing the particles contains 0.1-20 wt% of particles and 0.05-0.5 wt% of surfactant.
According to the production method of the present invention, preferably, in the step (4), the particulate matter in the waterproof and breathable material is removed using an aqueous solution of an inorganic acid.
The composite fabric comprises the waterproof breathable layer containing the ribbon-type fibers and the base fabric, and has good waterproof breathability. Furthermore, the composite fabric is softer and can be directly contacted with a human body. According to the preferable technical scheme, the composite fabric has good strength.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a waterproof breathable fabric of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a composite fabric of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of another composite fabric of the present invention.
The reference numerals are explained below:
1-base layer fabric; 2-waterproof breathable layer; 11-the weft yarn; 12-warp yarns; 21-ribbon fiber; 22-an air flow channel; 23-particulate matter.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
< composite Fabric >
The composite fabric comprises a base fabric and a waterproof breathable layer; the waterproof breathable layer contains ribbon type fibers which are mutually overlapped, the ribbon type fibers are distributed in a fluffy mode in the thickness direction of the waterproof breathable layer, micropores with the pore diameter distribution of 0.1-3 mu m are formed in the cross section of the waterproof breathable layer, and airflow channels are formed in the waterproof breathable layer through the micropores, so that the breathability of the composite fabric is improved. The micropores are formed by gaps formed by overlapping ribbon-type fibers and the existence of the particles, and some micropores still remain after the particles are partially or completely removed. The pore size distribution refers to the percentage of pore sizes of each stage in the waterproof and breathable layer, calculated by number or volume. The pore size distribution of the micropores is not strictly limited in the present invention, as long as the pore size of the majority of micropores is within the above range. For example, at least 50 vol% of the micropores have a pore diameter in the above range; preferably, at least 60 vol% of the micropores have a pore diameter in the above range; more preferably, at least 90 vol% of the micropores have a pore diameter in the above range. Therefore, the air permeability and the strength of the composite fabric can be considered. After the waterproof breathable layer is combined with the base fabric, the waterproof breathable layer is softer and can be used as a garment fabric to be directly contacted with a human body; can also be used as an intermediate functional layer to play the role of water resistance and ventilation. The base layer fabric can be used as the surface layer or the inner layer of the composite fabric. When the base fabric is used as the surface layer, the surface of the base fabric needs to be subjected to hydrophobic treatment, and the fluorine-containing reagent can be sprayed or coated on the surface of the base fabric. In addition, waterproof ventilative layer can also set up between two-layer basic unit's surface fabric.
In the invention, the ribbon type fiber forms micropores with the aperture distribution of 0.1-3 mu m on the cross section of the waterproof breathable layer. Preferably, the ribbon-type fibers form micropores with the pore diameter distribution of 0.1-2.0 μm on the cross section of the waterproof breathable layer. More preferably, the ribbon-type fibers form micropores with the pore diameter distribution of 0.5-2.0 μm on the cross section of the waterproof breathable layer. These pores are much smaller than the diameter of the mist (20 μm) and much larger than the diameter of the water vapor (0.0004 μm), and thus water vapor can pass through the pores, but water cannot pass through the pores due to the inhibition of surface tension, and thus the pores serve as water-proof and air-permeable pores.
In the present invention, the ribbon fiber means a fiber having a cross section of a fiber having a width significantly larger than a thickness, and is different from a general fiber having a circular cross section. The thickness of the ribbon-type fiber may be 0.2 to 3 μm. Preferably, the thickness of the ribbon fiber is 0.5-2 μm. More preferably, the thickness of the ribbon fiber is 0.5 to 1.5 μm. The ribbon-type fiber may have a width of 2 to 25 μm. Preferably, the width of the ribbon fiber is 5-20 μm. More preferably, the ribbon fiber has a width of 10 to 15 μm. The ratio of the width to the thickness of the ribbon fiber is greater than 2. Preferably, the ratio of the width to the thickness of the ribbon fiber is greater than 4. More preferably, the ratio of the width to the thickness of the ribbon fiber is greater than 6. Therefore, proper micropores can be formed among the ribbon fibers, and the air permeability and the strength of the composite fabric are ensured.
In the present invention, the ribbon fiber may be selected from one or more of polypropylene fiber, polyethylene fiber, and polyphenylene sulfide fiber. Preferably, the ribbon fiber is selected from one or more of polyethylene fiber and polyphenylene sulfide fiber. More preferably, the ribbon fiber is a polyethylene fiber. The fiber materials can ensure the air permeability and the strength of the composite fabric.
The porosity of the waterproof breathable layer is 25-55%, preferably 30-50%, and more preferably 40-50%. Therefore, the air permeability and the strength of the composite fabric can be ensured. The porosity is the ratio of the volume of micropores formed by the mutually overlapped ribbon type fibers on the cross section of the waterproof breathable layer to the volume of the waterproof breathable layer.
The base fabric of the present invention may be a conventional garment fabric, for example, a woven fabric or a knitted fabric. The fabric compounded in this way is softer and can be directly contacted with human body.
The waterproof breathable layer can be formed by compounding particles and ribbon type fibers or can be formed by only the ribbon type fibers. The waterproof breathable layer can also be obtained by removing all or part of the particles in the waterproof breathable material consisting of the particles and the ribbon-type fibers. The composite fabric of the present invention may also contain some particulate matter. D of said particulate matter90Is 0.1 to 3 μm, preferably 0.5 to 2 μm. More preferably 1 to 2 μm. Therefore, the composite fabric has good air permeability and strength. The particulate matter of the present invention may be screened by a cyclonic ion separation device or screen. D90The particle size of the sample is indicated by the cumulative particle size distribution of 90%.
The particles of the present invention may be selected from organic particles or inorganic particles. The inorganic particulate can be titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, alumina, silicates, carbonates. The silicate may be calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, potassium silicate or sodium silicate. The carbonate may be calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate. The organic particulate matter can be polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polystyrene, polyethylene glycol, polydimethylsiloxane, polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer and chitosan. Preferably, the particulate matter is at least one of a silicate or a carbonate. More preferably, the particulate material is calcium carbonate.
< production method >
The production method of the composite fabric comprises the following steps: (1) a step of forming nascent fibers; (2) an attaching step; (3) a step of forming a waterproof and breathable material; (4) a step of forming a waterproof breathable layer; (5) and (5) compounding.
In step (1), a spinning solution is first formed, and then the spinning solution is formed into a nascent fiber. The spinning solution contains a fiber-forming polymer and a solvent. The fiber-forming polymer can be one or more selected from polypropylene, polyethylene and polyphenylene sulfide, preferably polyphenylene sulfide or polyethylene, and more preferably polyethylene. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the fiber-forming polymer is a linear polyethylene. These polymers are particularly well suited for forming ribbon-type fibers and are prone to hole formation. The solvent can be one or more of dichloromethane, dichloroethane, n-pentane, fluorodichloromethane, fluorotrichloromethane or n-hexane, and is preferably dichloromethane or dichloroethane. The concentration of the fiber-forming polymer in the spinning solution can be 5-25 wt%, preferably 8-20 wt%, and more preferably 10-15 wt%. According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the spinning solution is a dichloromethane solution with a linear polyethylene concentration of 5-25 wt%. This facilitates the attachment of the particulate matter to the surface of the nascent fiber. The term "attached" in the present invention means that the two have a large bonding force therebetween, and the particulate matter does not easily fall off from the surface of the ribbon-type fiber. The spinning solution is formed into nascent fibers. The "as-spun fiber" of the present invention means a fiber state in which the spinning solution is not yet solidified into a formed fiber after being ejected from the spinneret. The nascent fibers of the invention may be prepared by a flash evaporation process or a spunbond process, preferably by a flash evaporation process.
In the step (2), the solution containing the particles is sprayed on the nascent fiber to obtain the nascent fiber with the particles attached to the surface. The solution containing the particles comprises the particles, a surfactant and a solvent. D of said particulate matter90It may be 0.1 to 3 μm, preferably 0.5 to 2 μm, and more preferably 1 to 2 μm. The content of the particulate matter in the solution may be 0.1 to 20 wt%, preferably 0.5 to 5 wt%, and more preferably 0.5 to 2 wt%. The composite fabric obtained in the way has good air permeability and strength.
The particles of the present invention may be selected from organic particles or inorganic particles. The inorganic particulate can be titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, alumina, silicates, carbonates. The silicate may be calcium silicate, magnesium silicate, potassium silicate or sodium silicate. The carbonate may be calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate. The organic particulate matter can be polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polystyrene, polyethylene glycol, polydimethylsiloxane, polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer and chitosan. Preferably, the particulate matter is at least one of a silicate or a carbonate. More preferably, the particulate material is calcium carbonate. In this way, the particulate matter can be both well attached to the primary fibers and removed by specific treatments.
The surfactant in the invention can be one or more selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium hepatocholate, sodium stearyl sulfate, sodium stearate and quaternary ammonium salt. The quaternary ammonium salt can be alkyl trimethyl ammonium salt, dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salt and pyridinium salt. Preferably, the surfactant is selected from one or more of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone. The surfactant may be present in the solution in an amount of 0.05 to 0.5 wt%, preferably 0.05 to 0.3 wt%, more preferably 0.05 to 0.2 wt%. This facilitates dispersion of the particulate matter and its attachment to the nascent fiber.
The solvent of the solution containing the particulate matter of the present invention is alcohol and/or water. Examples of alcohols include, but are not limited to, methanol, ethanol, propanol, or isopropanol. Preferably, the solvent of the solution containing the particulate matter is ethanol, water, or a mixed solution of ethanol and water, more preferably a mixed solution of ethanol and water. In the mixed liquid of ethanol and water, the volume ratio of ethanol to water can be 1-0.01: 100, preferably 1-0.1: 10, and more preferably 1-1: 5. This facilitates dispersion of the particulate matter and its attachment to the nascent fiber.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, a solution containing particulates, a surfactant and a solvent is sprayed as an aerosol onto the nascent fiber. Wherein the solvent is a mixed solution of ethanol and water, and the volume ratio of the ethanol to the water is 1-0.01: 100; the particulate matter is calcium carbonate, and the content of the particulate matter in the solution is 0.1-20 wt%; the surfactant is polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the content of the surfactant in the solution is 0.05-0.5 wt%.
In the step (3), the nascent fibers with the particles attached to the surfaces are collected to a lapping and transferring device to form ribbon fibers, the ribbon fibers are mutually overlapped, and the particles and the ribbon fibers are arranged in a staggered mode, so that micropores are formed among the ribbon fibers, and the waterproof and breathable material is obtained. Specifically, the primary fibers with the particles attached to the surfaces are collected to a lapping and transferring device to form ribbon fibers, the ribbon fibers are overlapped on the lapping and transferring device, and the particles and the ribbon fibers are arranged in a staggered mode, so that a large number of micropores are formed among the ribbon fibers.
In the step (4), removing the particles in the waterproof and breathable material to obtain the waterproof and breathable layer. Removing only part of the particles, and remaining part of the particles in the waterproof breathable layer; the particulate matter can also be removed entirely. According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the water-repellent, gas-permeable material may be washed with water or an aqueous solution of a mineral acid to remove particulate matter. The aqueous solution of inorganic acid may be hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid. Preferably, the aqueous mineral acid is hydrochloric acid. The pH value of the hydrochloric acid can be 1-3; preferably 1-2; more preferably 1. Thus, the particle removal is facilitated, and the strength of the composite fabric is ensured. After the particles are removed from the ribbon-type fibers, partial holes still remain among the ribbon-type fibers, and new holes are formed after the particles are removed. After cleaning, the waterproof breathable layer is softer and is more suitable for being used as a garment material.
And (5) compounding the waterproof breathable layer and the base layer to obtain the composite fabric. The waterproof breathable layer can be compounded with the base layer in a conventional mode to obtain the composite fabric. The modified composite fabric is softer and can be directly contacted with a human body.
The base layer fabric can be used as a surface layer and also can be used as an inner layer. In addition, waterproof ventilative layer can also set up between two-layer basic unit's surface fabric. When the base fabric is used as a surface layer, the surface of the base fabric needs to be subjected to hydrophobic treatment, so that the composite fabric is not easily soaked by water in the using process. Specifically, fluorine-containing chemicals may be sprayed or coated onto the fabric to increase the hydrophobicity of the substrate fabric.
Example 1
Will D90Dispersing calcium carbonate particles with the particle size of 2 mu m in a mixed solution of ethanol and water, wherein the volume ratio of the ethanol to the water is 1:3, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a calcium carbonate particle solution with the calcium carbonate content of 2 wt% and the polyvinylpyrrolidone content of 0.1 wt%.
Linear polyethylene was mixed with dichloromethane to form a spinning dope having a linear polyethylene concentration of 10 wt%. Forming the polyethylene spinning solution into nascent fiber by adopting a flash evaporation method, forming the calcium carbonate particle solution into aerosol, spraying the aerosol on the surface of the nascent fiber, and forming the nascent fiber attached with the calcium carbonate particles in a cooling process.
The nascent fibers with attached calcium carbonate particles were collected on a lay-down transfer device to form ribbon-type fibers (1.5 μm thick and 15 μm wide). As shown in fig. 1, the ribbon-type fibers 21 are stacked one on another, and the particles 23 are arranged in a staggered manner with the ribbon-type fibers 21, so that the ribbon-type fibers 21 are distributed in a bulky manner in the thickness direction of the nonwoven fabric, and thus, micropores are formed between the ribbon-type fibers 21 on the cross section of the waterproof and breathable material.
And (2) cleaning the waterproof and breathable material in hydrochloric acid with the pH value of 1 to remove calcium carbonate particles, then washing the waterproof and breathable material with water to remove residual hydrochloric acid, and drying the material at 80 ℃ to obtain the waterproof and breathable layer. After the calcium carbonate particles are removed, partial holes are left and new holes are generated, and the hole diameter distribution of the holes is 0.1-2.5 mu m.
And (4) compounding the waterproof breathable layer with the base layer woven fabric to obtain the composite fabric. As shown in fig. 2, the base fabric 1 is a woven fabric, and is composed of weft yarns 11 and warp yarns 12. The waterproof breathable layer 2 contains ribbon-type fibers 21 which are mutually overlapped, the ribbon-type fibers 21 are distributed in a fluffy manner in the thickness direction of the waterproof breathable layer 2, micropores with the diameter of 0.1-2.5 mu m are formed on the cross section of the waterproof breathable layer 2, and the micropores form an airflow channel 22 in the waterproof breathable layer.
Example 2
Will D90Dispersing calcium carbonate particles with the particle size of 2 mu m in a mixed solution of ethanol and water, wherein the volume ratio of the ethanol to the water is 1:3, adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a calcium carbonate particle solution with the calcium carbonate content of 2 wt% and the polyvinylpyrrolidone content of 0.1 wt%.
Linear polyethylene was mixed with dichloromethane to form a spinning dope having a linear polyethylene concentration of 10 wt%. Forming the polyethylene spinning solution into nascent fiber by adopting a flash evaporation method, forming the calcium carbonate particle solution into aerosol, spraying the aerosol on the surface of the nascent fiber, and forming the nascent fiber attached with the calcium carbonate particles in a cooling process.
The nascent fibers with attached calcium carbonate particles were collected on a lay-down transfer device to form ribbon-type fibers (2 μm thick and 9 μm wide). As shown in fig. 1, the ribbon-type fibers 21 are stacked one on another, and the particles 23 are arranged in a staggered manner with the ribbon-type fibers 21, so that the ribbon-type fibers 21 are distributed in a bulky manner in the thickness direction of the nonwoven fabric, and thus, micropores are formed between the ribbon-type fibers 21 on the cross section of the waterproof and breathable material.
Washing the waterproof breathable material in hydrochloric acid with the pH value of 1 to remove part of the calcium carbonate particles, and remaining part of the calcium carbonate particles in the waterproof breathable material. And then washing with water to remove residual hydrochloric acid, and drying at 80 ℃ to obtain the waterproof breathable layer. After part of the calcium carbonate particles are removed, part of holes are left and new holes are generated, and the pore diameter distribution of the holes is 0.1-2.5 mu m.
And a fluorine-containing chemical reagent is sprayed on the surface of the base fabric, so that the hydrophobicity of the surface of the base fabric is increased. And then compounding the waterproof breathable layer with the base fabric to obtain the composite fabric. As shown in fig. 3, the base fabric 1 is a woven fabric, and is composed of weft yarns 11 and warp yarns 12. The waterproof breathable layer 2 contains ribbon type fibers 21 which are mutually overlapped, particles 23 and the ribbon type fibers 21 are arranged in a staggered mode, the ribbon type fibers 21 are distributed in a fluffy mode in the thickness direction of the waterproof breathable layer 2, micropores of 0.1-2.5 mu m are formed in the cross section of the waterproof breathable layer 2, and airflow channels 22 are formed in the waterproof breathable layer through the micropores.
Examples 3 to 5
In addition to calcium carbonate particles D90And pore size distribution of micropores are shown in table 1, and the rest of the parameters are the same as in example 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002283872850000111
Examples 6 to 8
The parameters were the same as in example 1 except that the thickness and width of the ribbon fiber were as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Numbering Example 6 Example 7 Example 8
Thickness (mu)m) 1.7 1 1.2
Width (mum) 20 18 15
Examples 9 to 11
The parameters were the same as in example 1 except that the calcium carbonate content in the calcium carbonate particle solution was as shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Numbering Example 9 Example 10 Example 11
Calcium carbonate content (wt%) 1.5 1.0 0.5
Comparative example
Linear polyethylene was mixed with methylene chloride to form a polyethylene dope having a linear polyethylene concentration of 10 wt%. And forming the polyethylene spinning solution into nascent fibers by adopting a flash evaporation method, and depositing the nascent fibers on a lapping and transferring device to obtain the polyethylene non-woven fabric. The ribbon-type fibers in the polyethylene nonwoven fabric are stacked, and the thickness of the ribbon-type fibers is 2 μm and the width of the ribbon-type fibers is 9 μm. And compounding the polyethylene non-woven fabric with the base fabric woven fabric to obtain the composite fabric.
Examples of the experiments
The composite fabrics obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to the grammage, the radial tensile strength, the weft tensile strength, the tear strength, the thickness, the water vapor permeability, and the maximum allowable hydrostatic pressure tests. The porosity test was performed on the waterproof breathable layer obtained in the above example and the polyethylene nonwoven fabric obtained in the comparative example. The test method is as follows:
gram weight: measuring by using GB/T24218.1-2009;
radial tensile strength: measuring by using GB/T24218.3-2010;
weft tensile strength: testing by GB/T24218.3-2010;
tear strength: testing by GB/T3917.3-2009;
thickness: determination with EN 20534;
water vapor transmission amount: testing was performed using ASTM F1249;
the maximum bearable hydrostatic pressure: testing according to AATCC TM 127;
porosity: calculating according to the density of the waterproof breathable layer/the non-woven fabric and the density of the fiber raw material, wherein the porosity is (fiber raw material density-waterproof breathable layer/non-woven fabric density)/fiber raw material density;
the results are shown in tables 4 and 5.
TABLE 4
Figure BDA0002283872850000131
TABLE 5
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any variations, modifications, and substitutions which may occur to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The composite fabric is characterized by comprising a base fabric and a waterproof breathable layer; the waterproof breathable layer contains ribbon type fibers which are mutually overlapped, the ribbon type fibers are distributed in a fluffy mode in the thickness direction of the waterproof breathable layer, micropores with the pore diameter distribution of 0.1-3 mu m are formed in the cross section of the waterproof breathable layer, and airflow channels are formed in the waterproof breathable layer through the micropores.
2. The composite fabric according to claim 1, wherein the ribbon fibers are selected from one or more of polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, and polyphenylene sulfide fibers.
3. The composite fabric according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the ribbon fiber is 0.2-3 μm, and the width of the ribbon fiber is 2-25 μm.
4. The composite fabric according to claim 1, wherein the base fabric is a woven fabric or a knitted fabric.
5. The composite fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the waterproof breathable layer further contains particles, and the particles and the ribbon-type fibers are arranged in a staggered manner.
6. A composite fabric according to claim 5, wherein D of the particulate material is900.1 to 3 μm.
7. The composite fabric according to claim 5, wherein the particulate matter is selected from one or more of titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicate, carbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polystyrene, polyethylene glycol, polydimethylsiloxane, polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, and chitosan.
8. A method for producing a composite fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) forming a spinning solution, and forming the spinning solution into nascent fibers;
(2) spraying a solution containing the particles on the nascent fiber to obtain the nascent fiber with the particles attached to the surface;
(3) collecting the nascent fibers with the particles attached to the surfaces to a lapping and transferring device to form ribbon fibers, wherein the ribbon fibers are mutually overlapped, and the particles and the ribbon fibers are arranged in a staggered manner, so that micropores are formed among the ribbon fibers, and the waterproof breathable material is obtained;
(4) removing particles in the waterproof breathable material to obtain a waterproof breathable layer;
(5) and (4) compounding the waterproof breathable layer with the base fabric to obtain the composite fabric.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the solution containing the particulate matter in the step (2) further contains a surfactant, and the solution containing the particulate matter is sprayed on the primary fiber in the form of aerosol; the solution containing the particles contains 0.1-20 wt% of particles and 0.05-0.5 wt% of surfactant.
10. The production method according to any one of claims 8 to 9, wherein the particulate matter in the waterproof breathable material is removed in step (4) by using an aqueous solution of an inorganic acid.
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