CN110756804A - 3D printing method of metal material - Google Patents
3D printing method of metal material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110756804A CN110756804A CN201911041836.5A CN201911041836A CN110756804A CN 110756804 A CN110756804 A CN 110756804A CN 201911041836 A CN201911041836 A CN 201911041836A CN 110756804 A CN110756804 A CN 110756804A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
- B22F12/13—Auxiliary heating means to preheat the material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
- B22F10/12—Formation of a green body by photopolymerisation, e.g. stereolithography [SLA] or digital light processing [DLP]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/20—Cooling means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/49—Scanners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of metal 3D printing, and discloses a 3D printing (additive manufacturing) method for a metal material. The method takes a stable metal powder slurry or a solid-liquid mixture such as a suspension, a dispersion liquid, a complex and a colloid, which are prepared from metal powder, an organic solvent, a binder, a dispersant, a suspending agent and a degasifier, as a forming material, and adopts a novel selective laser melting mode, so that a metal finished product with a fine structure can be simply, conveniently and rapidly prepared, and the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing metal or alloy powder, an organic solvent, a binder, a dispersant, a suspending agent and a degasifier to prepare stable metal powder slurry with good fluidity; the laser light source system is arranged below the storage tank; and (3) establishing a printing model by using three-dimensional software, setting laser process parameters, and performing SLM printing. The invention reduces the powder spreading process, simplifies the device, improves the printing efficiency and solves the problems of splashing and oxidation of metal powder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal 3D printing, and relates to a 3D printing (additive manufacturing) method for a metal material.
Background
The 3D printing (additive manufacturing) technology is a production molding technology that takes computer design, material processing molding, and digital model as a basis, takes ceramic materials, metal materials, polymer materials, and biomedical materials as raw materials, and is controlled by a program and a numerical control system to be stacked layer by layer in sintering, melting, photocuring, extrusion, ejection, and other manners, thereby forming a preset member. Different from the traditional casting forming, raw material reducing cutting and splicing assembling methods, the 3D printing technology is a bottom-up additive manufacturing forming technology and is a process from the beginning. The 3D printing technology makes up the defect that the traditional manufacturing mode is difficult to produce the fine structural parts in batches, can realize the rapid batch production of the fine and complex structural parts, and simultaneously greatly reduces the cost.
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technique for rapid metal powder formation, in which metal powder is completely melted by the heat of a laser beam and formed by cooling and solidifying. The scanning system controls the laser beam to act on the powder in the scanning path according to the layered slice information of the three-dimensional model of the structure. Under the action of high laser energy density, the metal powder is completely melted and welded with the solid metal after heat dissipation and cooling. After the scanning of the first layer is finished, the piston in the piston cylinder can descend by a layer thickness distance; then the powder feeding system conveys a certain amount of powder, and the powder spreading system spreads a layer of powder to be deposited on the formed layer. And then, repeating the steps until all the slice layers of the three-dimensional model are scanned. In this way, the three-dimensional model directly shapes the metal part in a layer-by-layer cumulative manner. The technology can be applied to prepare structural parts with complex structure, high density, high precision, good surface quality and excellent mechanical and physicochemical properties.
With the development of material science and the wide application demand, the requirements for materials are increased more and more. However, the selective laser melting technology has disadvantages, such as high requirements for the shape and the fluidity of the metal powder, and high requirements for a powder laying system; the problem of powder splashing often exists in the printing process, which directly influences the forming and the structure performance of the metal material; the equipment price is high, and the cost is further increased by the vacuum circulating system and the powder spreading system, so that the application and the popularization of the selective laser melting technology in the aspect of metal material printing are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a 3D printing (additive manufacturing) method of a metal material, and overcomes the defects of the prior art. The method uses metal powder, organic solvent, binder, dispersant, suspending agent and degasifier to prepare stable and good-fluidity metal powder slurry or solid-liquid mixture such as suspension, dispersion, complex and colloid, the laser light source system is arranged below the storage tank, and the printing platform is arranged right above the storage tank, thereby simply, conveniently and quickly preparing metal finished products with fine structures.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
(1) uniformly mixing metal powder, an organic solvent, a binder, a dispersant, a suspending agent and a degasifier to prepare a stable and good-fluidity solid-liquid mixture such as metal powder slurry or suspension, dispersion liquid, a complex and colloid;
(2) establishing a printing model by using three-dimensional software, and setting laser process parameters;
(3) filling the prepared metal powder slurry into a storage tank, and performing SLM printing;
(4) and taking out the printed metal finished product for post-treatment.
The preparation method of the metal powder slurry comprises the following steps:
(1) the metal powder is one or more of aluminum, cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel, titanium, zirconium, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, antimony, scandium, yttrium, niobium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, lutetium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, silver, copper, zinc, tin, germanium, magnesium and lead, and the particle size is 0.01-100 mu m;
(2) the organic solvent is one or more of glycerol, diethylene glycol, cyclohexanol, butanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetic acid, acetone, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and hexane; the binder is one or more of polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylate; the dispersant is one or more of polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, ammonium alginate, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide and methyl amyl alcohol; the suspending agent is one or more of stearic acid, ammonium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, propylene glycol, acetic ester starch, tara gum, xanthan gum, guar gum, carrageenan and polyacrylic acid; the degasifier is one or more of n-octanol, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene amine ether, polyoxypropylene glycerol ether, polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene glycerol ether and higher alcohol;
(3) preparing metal powder slurry, filling metal powder, an organic solvent, a binder, a dispersing agent, a suspending agent and a degasifying agent into a beaker, and uniformly mixing and dispersing the powder slurry by a dispersion machine.
Wherein, a physical model to be printed is designed by three-dimensional software, laser process parameters are set, the power is 30-600W, and the scanning speed is 20-400 mm/s.
According to the method, the storage tank is connected with the heating and cooling system, so that the fluidity and the viscosity of the metal powder slurry can be adjusted. The bottom of the storage tank is provided with a transparent plate, the laser source system is arranged below the storage tank, and laser can be used for printing the metal powder slurry. The printing platform is connected with the lifting structure and is positioned right above the material storage tank, and before printing is started, the printing platform extends into the material storage tank and is 10-100 mu m away from the bottom; after printing is started, depositing a first metal layer on the printing platform by the metal powder slurry, slowly lifting the printing platform by 10-100 microns along with the lifting structure, enabling the metal powder slurry in the storage tank to flow, filling a gap between the printing platform and the bottom of the storage tank due to lifting, then printing a second metal layer, and repeating the steps until printing is finished.
According to the method, the printed metal finished product is taken out, and the organic solvent and the additive adhered to the surface are washed away by absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the finished product.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the metal powder is prepared into solid-liquid mixtures such as metal powder slurry or suspension, dispersion, complex and colloid, so that the problem of powder splashing is effectively prevented;
(2) the powder spreading system is omitted, the powder spreading process is reduced, the device is simplified, the printing efficiency is improved, the effective utilization rate of the powder slurry is improved, and the equipment cost is reduced;
(3) the metal powder is dispersed in the organic solvent and is melted and formed at the bottom of the slurry, so that air is isolated, and compared with a vacuum system, the volume of the instrument is reduced, and the equipment cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a 3D printing method of a metal material according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-a lifting structure; 2-a printing platform; 3-metal powder slurry; 4, a storage tank; 5-forming the component; 6-laser beam; 7-a lens; 8, a galvanometer; 9-heating and cooling system.
Detailed Description
1. In order to make the present invention more clear and easy to understand, the following examples are given for detailed description, and the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
2. The invention relates to a 3D printing method of a metal material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing metal powder, an organic solvent, a binder, a dispersant, a suspending agent and a degasifier to prepare a stable and good-fluidity solid-liquid mixture such as metal powder slurry or suspension, dispersion liquid, a complex and colloid;
(2) establishing a printing model by using three-dimensional software, and setting laser process parameters;
(3) filling the prepared metal powder slurry into a storage tank, and performing SLM printing;
(4) and taking out the printed metal finished product for post-treatment.
3. The preparation method of the metal powder slurry comprises the following steps:
(1) the metal powder is one or more of aluminum, cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel, titanium, zirconium, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, antimony, scandium, yttrium, niobium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, lutetium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, silver, copper, zinc, tin, germanium, magnesium and lead, and the particle size is 0.01-100 mu m;
(2) the organic solvent is one or more of glycerol, diethylene glycol, cyclohexanol, butanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetic acid, acetone, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and hexane; the binder is one or more of polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylate; the dispersant is one or more of polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, ammonium alginate, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide and methyl amyl alcohol; the suspending agent is one or more of stearic acid, ammonium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, propylene glycol, acetic ester starch, tara gum, xanthan gum, guar gum, carrageenan and polyacrylic acid; the degasifier is one or more of n-octanol, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene amine ether, polyoxypropylene glycerol ether, polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene glycerol ether and higher alcohol;
(3) preparing metal powder slurry, filling metal powder, an organic solvent, a binder, a dispersing agent, a suspending agent and a degassing agent into a beaker, uniformly mixing and dispersing the powder slurry by a dispersion machine, and degassing in vacuum for later use.
4. Wherein, a physical model to be printed is designed by three-dimensional software, laser process parameters are set, the power is 30-600W, and the scanning speed is 20-400 mm/s.
5. And filling the prepared metal powder slurry into a storage tank, starting printing, and performing SLM printing.
6. According to the method, the storage tank is connected with the heating and cooling system, so that the fluidity and the viscosity of the metal powder slurry can be adjusted. The bottom of the storage tank is provided with a transparent plate, the laser source system is arranged below the storage tank, and laser can be used for printing the metal powder slurry. The printing platform is connected with the lifting structure and is positioned right above the material storage tank, and before printing is started, the printing platform extends into the material storage tank and is 10-100 mu m away from the bottom; after printing starts, the metal powder slurry deposits a first metal layer on the printing platform, then the printing platform slowly rises along with the lifting structure, the metal component is gradually formed until printing is finished, and the printing platform provides a complete metal component.
7. According to the method, the printed metal finished product is taken out, and the organic solvent and the additive adhered to the surface are washed away by absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the finished product.
8. Example one
(1) Accurately weighing 10g of iron powder with the particle size of 0.5-10 mu m, and weighing an organic solvent, a binder, a dispersant, a suspending agent and a degasifier in a beaker to keep the mass ratio of liquid components to the iron powder at 0.4-0.5;
(2) wherein the ratio of the organic solvent to the binder to the dispersant to the suspending agent to the deaerating agent is 50:3:1:1: 0.5; selecting absolute ethyl alcohol as an organic solvent, polyvinyl alcohol as a binder, polyacrylamide as a dispersing agent, carrageenan as a suspending agent, and n-octanol as a degasifying agent; preparing the additives into mother liquor according to a ratio for later use;
(3) adding the weighed iron powder and mother liquor into a beaker, uniformly dispersing the iron powder in the mother liquor at the rotating speed of 3000r/min by using a dispersion machine to prepare iron powder slurry, and degassing in vacuum for later use;
(4) a physical model to be printed is designed by three-dimensional software, laser process parameters are set, the power is 400W, and the scanning speed is 50 mm/s.
(5) And (4) filling the prepared iron powder slurry into a storage tank, starting printing, and performing SLM printing. The storage tank is connected with a heating and cooling system, and the fluidity and the viscosity of the metal powder slurry can be adjusted. The bottom of the storage tank is provided with a transparent plate, the laser source system is arranged below the storage tank, and laser can be used for printing the metal powder slurry. The printing platform is connected with the lifting structure and is positioned right above the material storage tank, and before printing is started, the printing platform extends into the material storage tank and is 10-20 microns away from the bottom; after printing is started, melting iron powder under laser and depositing a first metal layer on a printing platform, and then slowly lifting the printing platform along with a lifting structure; the iron slurry in the storage tank flows to fill a gap between the printing platform and the bottom of the storage tank due to rising, so that the powder spreading process is reduced, and a newly fused and formed part always keeps a 10-20 mu m interval with the bottom of the storage tank; repeating the process, gradually forming the metal component until the printing is finished, and providing a complete metal component by the printing platform;
(6) and taking out the printed metal finished product, washing off the iron powder slurry adhered to the surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and airing to obtain the finished product.
Claims (7)
1. A method of 3D printing (additive manufacturing) of a metallic material, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) uniformly mixing metal powder, an organic solvent, a binder, a dispersant, a suspending agent and a degasifier to prepare a stable and good-fluidity solid-liquid mixture such as metal powder slurry or suspension, dispersion liquid, a complex and colloid;
(2) establishing a printing model by using three-dimensional software, and setting laser process parameters;
(3) filling the prepared metal powder slurry into a storage tank, and performing SLM printing;
(4) and taking out the printed metal finished product for post-treatment.
2. The 3D printing method of a metal material according to claim 1, characterized in that:
(1) the metal powder is one or more of aluminum, cobalt, chromium, iron, nickel, titanium, zirconium, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, antimony, scandium, yttrium, niobium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, lutetium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, silver, copper, zinc, tin, germanium, magnesium and lead, and the particle size is 0.01-100 mu m;
(2) the organic solvent is one or more of glycerol, diethylene glycol, cyclohexanol, butanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, acetic acid, acetone, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and hexane; the binder is one or more of polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylate; the dispersant is one or more of polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, ammonium alginate, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide and methyl amyl alcohol; the suspending agent is one or more of stearic acid, ammonium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, propylene glycol, acetic ester starch, tara gum, xanthan gum, guar gum, carrageenan and polyacrylic acid; the degasifier is one or more of n-octanol, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaerythritol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene amine ether, polyoxypropylene glycerol ether, polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene glycerol ether and higher alcohol;
(3) preparing solid-liquid mixture such as metal powder slurry or suspension, dispersion liquid, complex and colloid, putting metal powder, organic solvent, binder, dispersant, suspending agent and degasifier into a beaker, and mixing and dispersing the powder slurry uniformly by a dispersion machine.
3. The 3D printing method of a metal material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser process parameters include the power of 30-600W and the scanning speed of 20-400 mm/s.
4. The 3D printing method of a metal material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the storage tank is connected with a heating and cooling system, and the fluidity and the viscosity of the metal powder slurry can be adjusted.
5. The 3D printing method of a metal material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the storage tank is provided with a transparent plate, the laser source system is arranged below the storage tank, and laser can be used for printing the metal powder slurry.
6. The 3D printing method of a metal material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the SLM printing process, the printing platform slowly rises from the bottom of the storage tank until printing is finished.
7. The 3D printing method of a metal material according to claim 1, characterized in that: and taking out the printed metal finished product, and washing off the organic solvent and the additive adhered to the surface by using absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the finished product.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN112820875A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-05-18 | 南京信息工程大学滨江学院 | Aluminum air battery aluminum anode slurry for 3D printing and preparation method and application thereof |
| WO2022036207A1 (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-02-17 | Mantle Inc. | Drying during additive and subtractive manufacturing |
| CN114226717A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-03-25 | 佛山市南海区广工大数控装备协同创新研究院 | Hydrogel-based metal slurry and preparation method thereof |
| CN116251963A (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2023-06-13 | 吉林大学 | Nickel-manganese-tin-cobalt alloy with room temperature magnetic phase change performance and efficient additive manufacturing method and application thereof |
| CN117358926A (en) * | 2023-12-05 | 2024-01-09 | 天津大学 | Preparation method of germanium diaphragm array and light field imaging system |
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| CN116251963A (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2023-06-13 | 吉林大学 | Nickel-manganese-tin-cobalt alloy with room temperature magnetic phase change performance and efficient additive manufacturing method and application thereof |
| CN117358926A (en) * | 2023-12-05 | 2024-01-09 | 天津大学 | Preparation method of germanium diaphragm array and light field imaging system |
| CN117358926B (en) * | 2023-12-05 | 2024-02-13 | 天津大学 | Preparation method of germanium diaphragm array and light field imaging system |
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