CN110756742A - High-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

High-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110756742A
CN110756742A CN201911006198.3A CN201911006198A CN110756742A CN 110756742 A CN110756742 A CN 110756742A CN 201911006198 A CN201911006198 A CN 201911006198A CN 110756742 A CN110756742 A CN 110756742A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
brake disc
hardness
heat
smelting
automobile brake
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201911006198.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
胡宗梅
曾建谋
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Guangdong Mechanical and Electrical College
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Guangdong Mechanical and Electrical College
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Publication date
Application filed by Guangdong Mechanical and Electrical College filed Critical Guangdong Mechanical and Electrical College
Priority to CN201911006198.3A priority Critical patent/CN110756742A/en
Publication of CN110756742A publication Critical patent/CN110756742A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/08—Making cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/12—Discs; Drums for disc brakes
    • F16D65/125—Discs; Drums for disc brakes characterised by the material used for the disc body
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/009—Pearlite

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile parts, and discloses a high-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc and a preparation method and application thereof. The specific method comprises the following steps: (1) firstly, baking and smelting raw material components, then pouring molten iron obtained by smelting into a casting mold to obtain a cast iron blank, and then annealing the cast iron blank; (2) and (3) turning and grinding the cast iron blank obtained in the step (1) by using the same machine tool to obtain the high-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc. The invention can ensure that the surface of the casting has enough hardness, which is beneficial to forming flake A-type graphite in the casting, and the flake A-type graphite shape can ensure that the casting has good wear resistance, shock absorption and heat conduction capability; the process is simple and efficient, the preparation cost is low, and batch production can be realized.

Description

High-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile parts, and particularly relates to a high-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The brake disc is a key part on the automobile and plays an important role in the running safety of the automobile. At present, the quantity of cars in China is large, the yield is still on the rise, the brake disc is an easily-worn part, the market consumption is also large after the car is repaired, and the demand for the brake disc is gradually increased. The brake disc can meet the requirement of localization of the part, can be comparable with other domestic parts, forms strong competition, and provides larger selection space for the market requirement after the production and maintenance of the car.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a preparation method of an automobile brake disc with high hardness and heat-aging resistance.
The invention also aims to provide the automobile brake disc with high hardness and heat-aging resistance, which is prepared by the method.
The invention also aims to provide application of the high-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc in the field of automobiles.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a preparation method of a high-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting a blank: the chemical components are C3.2-3.6 in percentage by weight; 1.7-2.8% of Si; 0.5-0.9 Mn; p < 0.10; s < 0.18; 0.3 to 1.2 of Cu; 0.05-0.38% of Cr and the balance of Fe, baking and smelting the raw material components, then pouring molten iron obtained by smelting into a casting mold to obtain a cast iron blank, and then annealing the cast iron blank;
(2) and (3) brake disc machining: and (3) turning and grinding the cast iron blank obtained in the step (1) by using the same machine tool to obtain the high-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc.
The baking in the step (1) is to eliminate crystal water in the raw materials, and the temperature is above 300 ℃; preferably 300 to 500 ℃.
The smelting in the step (1) is to smelt the raw materials in a medium-frequency coreless induction furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 1320-1450 ℃, and the smelting time is 40-60 min. Preferably, the smelting temperature is 1380 ℃ and the time is 50 min.
And (2) in the smelting process in the step (1), during tapping, ferrochrome, red copper, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon alloy are sequentially added into the medium-frequency coreless induction furnace.
Annealing the cast iron blank in the step (1) at the temperature of 400-550 ℃ for 2-4 h; preferably, the temperature of the annealing treatment is 550 ℃ and the time is 3 h.
And (3) the parallelism of the two working surfaces of the cast iron blank in the step (2) is less than 0.015 mm.
The automobile brake disc with high hardness and heat decay resistance is obtained by the method.
The high-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc is applied to the field of automobiles.
The alloy gray cast iron material with the expected element composition is obtained through reasonable alloy element proportion, a smelting casting mode and a machining method, and has good strength, wear resistance, heat resistance and damping performance, good casting performance and certain tensile strength and wear resistance of a brake disc.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the brake disc adopts a coal dust sand casting mould. The casting mould has good air permeability, can effectively prevent air holes from being chemically bonded with sand, ensures the surface of a casting to be smooth and is easy to ensure the machining size precision.
(2) The invention adopts a wet molding process. The process can ensure that the surface of the casting has enough hardness, is beneficial to forming the flaky A-type graphite in the casting, and the form of the flaky A-type graphite can ensure that the casting has good wear resistance, shock absorption and heat conductivity.
(3) C3.2-3.6 is adopted; 1.7-2.8% of Si; 0.5-0.9 Mn; p < 0.10; s < 0.18; 0.3-1.2 of Cu0; the material ratio of Cr0.05-0.38, and the good strength and hardness can be obtained by adopting a medium-frequency coreless induction furnace for smelting and casting.
(4) The method has the advantages of simple and efficient process, low preparation cost and realization of batch production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a wooden mold used for casting a brake disc.
Fig. 2 is a casting model diagram of a brake disc.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The reagents used in the examples are commercially available without specific reference.
The brake disc casting mold of the present invention uses a wooden mold, as shown in fig. 1. The brake disc casting mold is molded by adopting a sand box split mold, a mold sample is split along a split mold surface, an upper half mold box and a lower half mold box are respectively manufactured, and then the two mold boxes are assembled, as shown in figure 2. Wherein, the molding sand for molding has the following performance requirements: the raw sand has the mud content as small as possible, uniform particles with the granularity of 70-100 meshes and SiO2The content of the CaO is more than 90 percent, and the content of the CaO is less than 0.5 percent; the bentonite is 75% sodium bentonite and 25% calcium bentonite; the wet-pressing strength is ensured to be between 50KPa and 60KPa, the compaction rate is between 40 percent and 45 percent, and the air permeability is more than 50 AFS. The mixture ratio of the molding sand is as follows: 30% of raw sand, 70% of used sand, 2.5-3.5% of bentonite, 0.8-1.5% of coal powder and 4.0-5.5% of water.
Example 1
(1) The raw materials are as follows by weight percentage: 3.4 percent of C; 1.76 percent of Si; 0.68 percent of Mn; p0.058%; 0.036% of S; 0.084% of Cu; 0.38% of Cr and the balance of Fe. In order to prevent molten metal from segregating and free cementite from appearing, the chemical components (44% of pig iron, 49.66% of return iron and 6.34% of scrap steel) in calculated mass ratio are crushed into particles according to the stipulation and added into a crucible, then the particles are baked at the temperature higher than 300 ℃ to eliminate crystal water, ferrochromium, red copper, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon are sequentially added into a furnace during tapping, 50 wt% of ferrosilicon is reserved as stokehole inoculation, and perlite powder is used for covering molten metal slag collection, so that high-quality cast iron is obtained. The raw materials are smelted in a GW 05-250/1J medium frequency coreless induction electric furnace and smelted for 50min at about 1380 ℃. After the melting, the molten iron is poured into a mold. The cast iron blank is subjected to sand removal, then low-temperature annealing for 3 hours at the temperature of 550 ℃ is carried out, the thermal stress generated in the casting process is eliminated, the blank with small thermal stress is not easy to deform, and therefore the geometric dimension precision of the casting during machining is guaranteed.
(2) The parallelism of the two working surfaces of the brake disc is required to be less than 0.015mm so as to ensure that the brake disc has good braking efficiency. The workpiece needs to be clamped and processed at one time, so that clamping errors are reduced, and the coaxiality of the brake disc is guaranteed. The same machine tool is adopted for turning and grinding, one working surface is turned and ground firstly, and then the other working surface is turned and ground, so that the parallelism requirement of the two working surfaces of the brake disc is ensured.
Example 1 testing of the properties of the finished brake discs
The main performance requirements of brake discs are: the tensile strength reaches more than 220 MPa; the surface hardness of the working surface is HRB 90-103; the parallelism of the working surface is less than 0.015 mm; pearlite of a matrix structure is 99% or more; the A-type graphite is flaky, non-directional and uniformly distributed, and the size grade of the graphite is 4-6.
(1) Tensile strength
And (3) carrying out a tensile test on the brake disc style obtained in the step (1) on a testing machine.
And (3) test results: tensile Strength σb270 MPa. Meets the technical requirement sigmab≥220MPa。
(2) Surface hardness of brake disc
Six test points are taken along the diameter direction of the working surface of the brake disc for detection.
And (3) detection results: hardness (HRB)100, 98, 99, 100, 99. The requirements of standard hardness HRB 90-103 are met.
(3) Metallographic structure of brake disc
Sampling part: the working face of the brake disc.
① microstructure
The microstructure of the movable disc is in the form of pearlite, ferrite and carbide, wherein the pearlite is more than or equal to 99 percent and meets the requirements of metallographic structures.
② graphite form
The A-type graphite is detected to be flaky, non-directional and uniformly distributed. Meets the technical requirements.
The graphite grade was found to be grade 4. Meets the requirements of 4-6 grades.
(4) Parallelism of brake discs
Parallelism of the mounting surface to the reference surface: 0.010mm, which meets the requirement of less than or equal to 0.015 mm.
Parallelism of brake disc face to reference plane: 0.010mm, which meets the requirement of less than or equal to 0.015 mm.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A preparation method of a high-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) smelting and casting a blank: the chemical components are C3.2-3.6 in percentage by weight; 1.7-2.8% of Si; 0.5-0.9 Mn; p < 0.10; s < 0.18; 0.3 to 1.2 of Cu; 0.05-0.38% of Cr and the balance of Fe, baking and smelting the raw material components, then pouring molten iron obtained by smelting into a casting mold to obtain a cast iron blank, and then annealing the cast iron blank;
(2) and (3) brake disc machining: and (3) turning and grinding the cast iron blank obtained in the step (1) by using the same machine tool to obtain the high-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc.
2. The method for manufacturing a high-hardness heat-aging-resistant automobile brake disc according to claim 1, wherein:
the baking temperature in the step (1) is above 300 ℃;
the smelting in the step (1) is to smelt the raw materials in a medium-frequency coreless induction furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 1320-1450 ℃, and the smelting time is 40-60 min.
3. The method for manufacturing a high-hardness anti-heat-aging automobile brake disc according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein: and (2) in the smelting process in the step (1), during tapping, ferrochrome, red copper, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon alloy are sequentially added into the medium-frequency coreless induction furnace.
4. The method for manufacturing a high-hardness heat-aging-resistant automobile brake disc according to claim 1, wherein: and (2) annealing the cast iron blank in the step (1) at the temperature of 400-550 ℃ for 2-4 h.
5. The method for manufacturing a high-hardness heat-aging-resistant automobile brake disc according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) the parallelism of the two working surfaces of the cast iron blank in the step (2) is less than 0.015 mm.
6. A high-hardness and thermal-decay-resistant automobile brake disc obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. Use of a high-hardness thermal-failure-resistant automotive brake disc according to claim 6 in the automotive field.
CN201911006198.3A 2019-10-22 2019-10-22 High-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN110756742A (en)

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CN201911006198.3A CN110756742A (en) 2019-10-22 2019-10-22 High-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc and preparation method and application thereof

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CN201911006198.3A CN110756742A (en) 2019-10-22 2019-10-22 High-hardness and anti-heat-decay automobile brake disc and preparation method and application thereof

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1928141A (en) * 2005-09-05 2007-03-14 河南科技大学 Heat cracking resistant vermicular cast iron brake material and vermicular cast iron brake disc prepared therewith
CN102268585A (en) * 2011-08-04 2011-12-07 黄石东贝铸造有限公司 Cast automotive brake hub with high heat fading resistance
JP2015015947A (en) * 2013-07-09 2015-01-29 株式会社ドヨエンジニアリング Fishing reel including precise centrifugal brake system
CN104911458A (en) * 2015-04-27 2015-09-16 苏州劲元油压机械有限公司 Hydraulic pump body casting process
CN106735225A (en) * 2016-12-26 2017-05-31 天津百恩威新材料科技有限公司 A kind of method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum
US20180340585A1 (en) * 2017-05-23 2018-11-29 Hyundai Motor Company Method of manufacturing brake disc of heterogeneous materials and brake disc of heterogeneous materials manufactured using the same

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1928141A (en) * 2005-09-05 2007-03-14 河南科技大学 Heat cracking resistant vermicular cast iron brake material and vermicular cast iron brake disc prepared therewith
CN102268585A (en) * 2011-08-04 2011-12-07 黄石东贝铸造有限公司 Cast automotive brake hub with high heat fading resistance
JP2015015947A (en) * 2013-07-09 2015-01-29 株式会社ドヨエンジニアリング Fishing reel including precise centrifugal brake system
CN104911458A (en) * 2015-04-27 2015-09-16 苏州劲元油压机械有限公司 Hydraulic pump body casting process
CN106735225A (en) * 2016-12-26 2017-05-31 天津百恩威新材料科技有限公司 A kind of method for being injected into shape forging aluminium alloy brake disc brake drum
US20180340585A1 (en) * 2017-05-23 2018-11-29 Hyundai Motor Company Method of manufacturing brake disc of heterogeneous materials and brake disc of heterogeneous materials manufactured using the same

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
曾建谋: "《机床与液压》", 31 August 2005 *

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