CN110752884A - Reciprocal Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation device and method - Google Patents

Reciprocal Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation device and method Download PDF

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CN110752884A
CN110752884A CN201910762205.6A CN201910762205A CN110752884A CN 110752884 A CN110752884 A CN 110752884A CN 201910762205 A CN201910762205 A CN 201910762205A CN 110752884 A CN110752884 A CN 110752884A
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徐兵杰
王恒
李扬
黄伟
刘金璐
樊矾
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CETC 30 Research Institute
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/524—Pulse modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/54—Intensity modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
    • H04B10/556—Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
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    • H04B10/60—Receivers
    • H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
    • H04B10/614—Coherent receivers comprising one or more polarization beam splitters, e.g. polarization multiplexed [PolMux] X-PSK coherent receivers, polarization diversity heterodyne coherent receivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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    • H04B10/616—Details of the electronic signal processing in coherent optical receivers
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    • H04B10/61—Coherent receivers
    • H04B10/616—Details of the electronic signal processing in coherent optical receivers
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Abstract

The invention discloses a reciprocating Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generating device and method, wherein the device comprises a variable optical attenuator, a phase modulator, an optical fiber ring structure, a first random number electric signal generating module and a second random number electric signal generating module, wherein: the optical fiber annular structure consists of a polarization beam splitter, an intensity modulator and a 90-degree polarization rotation module; the variable optical attenuator, the phase modulator and the optical fiber ring structure are connected in cascade, and the first random number electric signal generating module and the second random number electric signal generating module are respectively and electrically connected to the radio frequency electrodes of the phase modulator and the intensity modulator. The invention solves the problem of polarization sensitivity of the intensity modulator by adopting an optical fiber annular structure, and improves the stability and the accuracy of the Gaussian modulated quantum optical signal; meanwhile, high-accuracy matching of double-optical-path delay is avoided, and the difficulty and complexity of generation of Gaussian modulation quantum optical signals are simplified.

Description

Reciprocal Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation device and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum secret communication, and particularly relates to a Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generating device and method in a round-trip continuous variable quantum key distribution system.
Background
Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) encodes Quantum information on a light field regular component which is not mutually reciprocal, and the Quantum Key information is decoded by efficient zero/heterodyne detection, and most devices are general for classical coherent optical communication without a single photon source and a single photon detector, so the CVQKD not only has the development potential of high repetition frequency and high Key rate, but also has certain advantages in cost and performance, and has been developed as a Quantum Key Distribution technology which is mainstream in the field of Quantum secret communication.
The current CVQKD is mainly divided into a channel-associated local oscillator CVQKD and a local oscillator CVQKD, but the channel-associated local oscillator CVQKD faces the problem of channel-associated local oscillator light intensity bottleneck, the safe transmission distance and the key rate of the CVQKD are seriously influenced, and the local oscillator CVQKD avoids the channel-associated local oscillator light intensity bottleneck, but is influenced by phase over-noise due to local oscillator light wavelength drift during zero/heterodyne detection, so that the safe key rate is reduced. In order to overcome the above problems, a round-trip CVQKD system is proposed to solve the problems of intensity bottleneck and wavelength drift of local oscillation light, and currently, key preparation methods of the round-trip CVQKD system are intensity and phase cascade modulation and dual-phase parallel modulation, respectively. However, the intensity and phase cascade modulation method is susceptible to the polarization sensitivity of the intensity modulator, so that the accuracy and stability of the gaussian modulated Quantum optical signal generation are not high (m.legre, h.zbinden, n.gisin, "amplification of connected variable orthogonal optical fibers using a go-round-return configuration," Quantum Information and demodulation, 2012,6(4): 326-335.). Meanwhile, the dual-phase parallel modulation method adopts a combination scheme of two paths of parallel phase modulation light, so that high-precision Gaussian modulation signals are generated only by accurately matching the time delay of the dual light paths, and the generation of Gaussian modulation quantum optical signals is difficult and complicated (D.Huang, P.T.Huang, Wang, et al. 'Continuous-variable quantum distribution on a plug-and-planar dual-phase-modulated coherent-states protocol', Physical Review A,2016,94(3): 032305.). Therefore, the generation of the gaussian modulated quantum optical signal in the high-speed, long-distance and high-safety CVQKD system still faces the problems of difficult generation and low accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a round-trip Gaussian modulated quantum optical signal generation device and method, and aims to solve the problems that the Gaussian modulated quantum optical signal in the current continuous variable quantum key distribution system is difficult to generate and is easily influenced by the polarization sensitivity of an intensity modulator, so that the accuracy and the stability are poor.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a round-trip Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation device comprises a variable optical attenuator, a phase modulator, an optical fiber ring structure, a first random number electric signal generation module and a second random number electric signal generation module, wherein: the optical fiber annular structure consists of a polarization beam splitter, an intensity modulator and a 90-degree polarization rotation module; the variable optical attenuator, the phase modulator and the optical fiber ring structure are connected in cascade, and the first random number electric signal generating module and the second random number electric signal generating module are respectively and electrically connected to the radio frequency electrodes of the phase modulator and the intensity modulator.
The invention also provides a round-trip Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, building a reciprocating Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generating device:
the method comprises the steps that a polarization beam splitter, an intensity modulator and a 90-degree polarization rotation module form an optical fiber annular structure, a variable optical attenuator, a phase modulator and the optical fiber annular structure are cascaded, and a first random number electric signal generation module and a second random number electric signal generation module are respectively and electrically connected to radio frequency electrodes of the phase modulator and the intensity modulator;
step two, the first random number electric signal generating module outputs uniformly distributed random number voltage V1The second random number electric signal generating module outputs Rayleigh distribution random number inverse sine/cosine voltage V2The amplitude of the optical pulse signal is modulated by being loaded on a radio-frequency electrode of the intensity modulator;
step three, the polarization beam splitter divides the uniformly distributed modulated optical signals output by the phase modulator into two paths of optical pulse signals with mutually vertical polarization directions, wherein: one path of optical pulse signals vertical to the polarization direction passes through an intensity modulator to form Gaussian modulated optical signals, and then the polarization direction is changed into the horizontal direction after passing through a 90-degree polarization rotation module; the other path of optical pulse signal with the horizontal polarization direction passes through a 90-degree polarization rotation module, the polarization direction is changed into the vertical direction, and then a Gaussian modulation optical signal with the vertical polarization direction is formed through an intensity modulator;
and step four, combining the two paths of returned Gaussian modulated optical signals with mutually vertical polarization directions by using the polarization beam splitter to form Gaussian modulated optical signals vertical to the polarization direction of the incident light pulse, and then forming Gaussian modulated quantum optical signals by using the adjustable optical attenuator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects:
(1) the invention adopts an optical fiber ring structure to replace the traditional cascade scheme of the intensity modulator and the phase modulator, solves the problem of the polarization sensitive intensity modulator, and improves the stability and the accuracy of the Gaussian modulated quantum optical signal;
(2) the invention adopts an optical fiber annular structure to replace the prior double-phase parallel modulation scheme, thereby avoiding the high-precision matching of double-optical-path delay and simplifying the difficulty and the complexity of the generation of Gaussian modulation quantum optical signals.
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The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a round-trip Gaussian modulated quantum optical signal generating apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a round-trip gaussian modulated quantum optical signal generation and detection system according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
A round-trip gaussian modulated quantum optical signal generating apparatus, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the optical fiber ring structure is composed of a polarization beam splitter, an intensity modulator and a 90-degree polarization rotation module, the variable optical attenuator, the phase modulator and the optical fiber ring structure are connected in cascade, the first random number electric signal generation module is connected to a driving electrode of the phase modulator, and the second random number electric signal generation module is connected to a driving electrode of the intensity modulator.
The first random number electric signal generating module outputs uniformly distributed random number voltage as V1The second random number electric signal generation module outputs Rayleigh distribution random number inverse sine/cosine voltage V2The amplitude of the optical pulse signal is modulated by being loaded on a radio-frequency electrode of the intensity modulator; the uniformly distributed modulated optical signals output by the phase modulator are divided into two paths of optical pulse signals with mutually vertical polarization directions through the polarization beam splitter, wherein the optical pulse signals with the vertical polarization directions form Gaussian modulated optical signals through the intensity modulator, and then the polarization directions are changed into the horizontal direction after passing through the 90-degree polarization rotation module. Meanwhile, the polarization direction of the other path of optical pulse signal with the horizontal polarization direction is changed into the vertical direction after passing through a 90-degree polarization rotation module, and then a Gaussian modulation optical signal with the vertical polarization direction is formed after passing through an intensity modulator; finally, Gaussian modulation optical signals with mutually vertical polarization directions return to the polarization beam splitter, and after beam combination, the Gaussian modulation optical signals are formed and incidentGaussian modulation optical signals with the optical pulse polarization direction vertical pass through the adjustable optical attenuator to form Gaussian modulation quantum optical signals.
The principle of the reciprocating Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation method is as follows:
the optical pulse signal enters a phase modulator for phase modulation after passing through the adjustable optical attenuator, wherein the radio frequency electrode of the phase modulator is loaded with uniformly distributed random number voltage V output by a first random number electric signal generation module1＝U*Vπ1N is where Vπ1For a half-wave voltage of the phase modulator, U is a uniformly distributed random number, the optical field of the phase modulated optical signal can be expressed as:
Figure RE-GDA0002307917430000051
in the formula, F (F)mT) is the incident light pulse function, fmT is the repetition frequency of the pulse signal. The phase modulation light signal divides into two way polarization direction mutually perpendicular's light signal behind the polarization beam splitter, and when the polarization direction of last way light signal was the vertical direction, it formed the perpendicular gaussian modulation light signal of polarization direction after intensity modulator modulation, formed the horizontal gaussian modulation light signal of polarization direction after passing through 90 polarization rotation modules again:
Figure RE-GDA0002307917430000052
in the formula F‖(fmT) is the polarization horizontal component of the incident light pulse signal, V2Rayleigh distribution random number inverse sine/cosine voltage V output by the second random number electric signal generation module2＝arcsin(R)*Vπ2V,/pi or arccos (R) (+)π2N is where Vπ2Is half-wave voltage of intensity modulator, R is Rayleigh distribution random number, VπbIs a bias half-wave voltage, V, of an intensity modulatorbIs the bias voltage of the intensity modulator and is regulated to Vb＝(2p+1)*VπbOr Vb＝2p*VπbWherein p is an integer.
The polarization direction of the phase modulation optical signal which is horizontally and uniformly distributed in the polarization direction of the next path is changed into the vertical direction after passing through the 90-degree polarization rotation module, and the phase modulation optical signal reversely enters the intensity modulator to be subjected to Rayleigh distribution intensity modulation, so that a Gaussian modulation optical signal with the vertical polarization direction is formed:
Figure RE-GDA0002307917430000053
in the formula F⊥(fmAnd t) is the polarization vertical component of the incident optical pulse signal.
Finally, the formed gaussian modulation optical signal with the horizontal polarization direction and the gaussian modulation optical signal with the vertical polarization direction return to the polarization beam splitter, and the gaussian modulation optical signal with the vertical polarization direction to the incident light pulse signal is formed after being combined by the polarization beam splitter, which can be expressed as:
Figure RE-GDA0002307917430000061
wherein F' (F)mAnd t) is a function of the light pulse perpendicular to the polarization direction of the incident light pulse signal. And finally, the returned Gaussian modulation optical signal passes through an adjustable optical attenuator to form the required Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal.
Examples
A round-trip Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation and detection system shown in FIG. 2 is built, and the round-trip Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation and detection system comprises the following steps:
step S1: an optical pulse signal with a high extinction ratio output by an optical pulse source is divided into two paths through a beam splitter, wherein one path is used as local oscillation light, and the other path is used as signal light;
step S2: the signal light is connected to the round-trip Gaussian modulation quantum light signal generating device through a circulator and returns the needed Gaussian modulation quantum light signal;
step S3: the local oscillation light is accessed to the Faraday reflector through another circulator and returns to the local oscillation light with the same polarization direction as the Gaussian modulated quantum optical signal in the step S2;
step S4: and coupling the returned Gaussian modulation quantum optical signals and the local oscillator light into a balance detection module for detection, so as to realize extraction and recovery of the key signals and obtain original Gaussian modulation signals R × cosU.

Claims (9)

1. A round-trip Gaussian modulated quantum optical signal generating device is characterized in that: the optical fiber phase-locked loop comprises a variable optical attenuator, a phase modulator, an optical fiber ring structure, a first random number electric signal generation module and a second random number electric signal generation module, wherein: the optical fiber annular structure consists of a polarization beam splitter, an intensity modulator and a 90-degree polarization rotation module; the variable optical attenuator, the phase modulator and the optical fiber ring structure are connected in cascade, and the first random number electric signal generating module and the second random number electric signal generating module are respectively and electrically connected to the radio frequency electrodes of the phase modulator and the intensity modulator.
2. The round-trip gaussian modulated quantum optical signal generating device of claim 1, wherein: the first random number electric signal generating module outputs uniformly distributed random number voltage to be loaded on a radio-frequency electrode of the phase modulator to modulate the phase of the optical pulse signal, and the second random number electric signal generating module outputs Rayleigh distributed random number inverse sine/cosine voltage to be loaded on a radio-frequency electrode of the intensity modulator to modulate the amplitude of the optical pulse signal.
3. The round-trip gaussian modulated quantum optical signal generating device of claim 2, wherein: the phase modulator outputs uniformly distributed modulated optical signals to enter the polarization beam splitter.
4. A round-trip gaussian modulated quantum optical signal generating device according to claim 3, wherein: the polarization beam splitter divides the uniformly distributed modulated optical signals output by the phase modulator into two paths of optical pulse signals with mutually vertical polarization directions, wherein: one path of optical pulse signals vertical to the polarization direction passes through an intensity modulator to form Gaussian modulated optical signals, and then the polarization direction is changed into the horizontal direction after passing through a 90-degree polarization rotation module; and the other path of optical pulse signal with the horizontal polarization direction passes through the 90-degree polarization rotation module, then the polarization direction is changed into the vertical direction, and then the other path of optical pulse signal passes through the intensity modulator to form a Gaussian modulated optical signal with the vertical polarization direction.
5. The round-trip gaussian modulated quantum optical signal generating device of claim 4, wherein: the polarization beam splitter combines two paths of Gaussian modulation optical signals with mutually vertical polarization directions to form a Gaussian modulation optical signal vertical to the polarization direction of the incident light pulse, and then the Gaussian modulation optical signal is formed through the adjustable optical attenuator.
6. A round-trip Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, building a reciprocating Gaussian modulation quantum optical signal generating device:
the method comprises the steps that a polarization beam splitter, an intensity modulator and a 90-degree polarization rotation module form an optical fiber annular structure, a variable optical attenuator, a phase modulator and the optical fiber annular structure are cascaded, and a first random number electric signal generation module and a second random number electric signal generation module are respectively and electrically connected to radio frequency electrodes of the phase modulator and the intensity modulator;
step two, the first random number electric signal generating module outputs uniformly distributed random number voltage V1The second random number electric signal generating module outputs Rayleigh distribution random number inverse sine/cosine voltage V2The amplitude of the optical pulse signal is modulated by being loaded on a radio-frequency electrode of the intensity modulator;
step three, the polarization beam splitter divides the uniformly distributed modulated optical signals output by the phase modulator into two paths of optical pulse signals with mutually vertical polarization directions, wherein: one path of optical pulse signals vertical to the polarization direction passes through an intensity modulator to form Gaussian modulated optical signals, and then the polarization direction is changed into the horizontal direction after passing through a 90-degree polarization rotation module; the other path of optical pulse signal with the horizontal polarization direction passes through a 90-degree polarization rotation module, the polarization direction is changed into the vertical direction, and then a Gaussian modulation optical signal with the vertical polarization direction is formed through an intensity modulator;
and step four, combining the two paths of returned Gaussian modulated optical signals with mutually vertical polarization directions by using the polarization beam splitter to form Gaussian modulated optical signals vertical to the polarization direction of the incident light pulse, and then forming Gaussian modulated quantum optical signals by using the adjustable optical attenuator.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method further comprises: the V is1＝U*Vπ1N is where Vπ1Is half-wave voltage of the phase modulator, and U is a uniformly distributed random number; the V is2＝arcsin(R)*Vπ2V,/pi or arccos (R) (+)π2N is where Vπ2R is the rayleigh random number, which is the half-wave voltage of the intensity modulator.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method further comprises: the Gaussian modulated quantum optical signal is as follows:
Figure FDA0002170688500000031
wherein, F' (F)mT) is a function of the light pulse perpendicular to the polarization direction of the incident light pulse, fmIs the repetition frequency of the optical pulse signal, t is the time, VπbIs a bias half-wave voltage, V, of an intensity modulatorbIs the bias voltage of the intensity modulator.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method further comprises: the V isb＝(2p+1)*VπbOr 2p VπbWherein p is an integer.
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