CN110752627A - Microgrid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation - Google Patents
Microgrid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/02—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks using a single network for simultaneous distribution of power at different frequencies; using a single network for simultaneous distribution of ac power and of dc power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microgrid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation, which comprises a plurality of direct-current microgrids and alternating-current microgrids with public direct-current buses, wherein each of the direct-current microgrids and the alternating-current microgrids comprises a relaxation unit and a power unit, each of the direct-current microgrids and the alternating-current microgrids corresponds to one local controller, and each local controller is used for autonomous control in the corresponding direct-current microgrid or alternating-current microgrid; the system further comprises an upper-layer integrated controller, and the upper-layer integrated controller performs cooperative control among the direct-current micro-grids and the alternating-current micro-grids through the Internet. The invention aims to provide a microgrid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation, which aims to solve the problems that the capacity constraint and the power supply stability of a single microgrid in the prior art are difficult to meet the requirement of continuous increase of power loads, realize efficient and flexible acceptance of alternating current and direct current renewable energy sources and loads, and simultaneously enhance the power supply reliability and the operation stability of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of micro-grids, in particular to a micro-grid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation.
Background
The micro-grid is a small power generation and distribution system formed by collecting a distributed power supply, an energy storage device, a load, a monitoring and protecting device and the like, can efficiently accept the distributed power supply, improves the utilization efficiency of renewable energy sources (photovoltaic, wind power and the like), and improves the power supply reliability and the electric energy quality. The micro-grid can work in a grid-connected mode and an island operation mode. When the device works in an island operation mode, power is independently supplied to remote areas or islands.
In a single alternating-current microgrid, a direct-current source and a direct-current load need to be accessed through a corresponding DC/AC converter; similarly, in a single DC microgrid, the AC elements and the AC loads need to be connected through corresponding AC/DC converters. Compared with a single alternating current (direct current) microgrid, the alternating current-direct current hybrid microgrid can flexibly and efficiently receive alternating current (direct current) sources and loads, intermediate conversion steps are reduced, the energy utilization rate is improved, and the cost is reduced. With the increasing of the power load in the microgrid, the problems of capacity constraint, power supply stability and the like of a single microgrid are more prominent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a microgrid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation, which aims to solve the problems that the capacity constraint and the power supply stability of a single microgrid in the prior art are difficult to meet the requirement of continuous increase of power loads, realize efficient and flexible acceptance of alternating current and direct current renewable energy sources and loads, and simultaneously enhance the power supply reliability and the operation stability of the system.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a microgrid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation comprises a plurality of direct-current microgrids and alternating-current microgrids with a common direct-current bus, wherein each of the direct-current microgrids and the alternating-current microgrids comprises a relaxation unit and a power unit, each of the direct-current microgrids and the alternating-current microgrids corresponds to one local controller, and each local controller is used for autonomous control in the corresponding direct-current microgrid or alternating-current microgrid; the system further comprises an upper-layer integrated controller, and the upper-layer integrated controller performs cooperative control among the direct-current micro-grids and the alternating-current micro-grids through the Internet.
Aiming at the problem that the capacity constraint and the power supply stability of a single microgrid in the prior art are difficult to meet the increasing of power loads, the inventor thinks that if adjacent alternating current and direct current microgrids are flexibly connected in a cluster mode to operate, alternating current and direct current renewable energy sources and loads can be efficiently and flexibly accepted, and meanwhile, the power supply reliability and the operation stability of a system are enhanced. According to the power supply system, the AC and DC areas are connected into the public DC bus in a parallel connection mode through the power electronic interface device, the distributed power generation unit and the energy storage unit can be efficiently and flexibly accommodated, and high-reliability power supply is provided for local loads. The invention maintains power balance and public direct-current bus voltage stability through cooperative autonomous control of each direct-current micro-grid and each alternating-current micro-grid, and realizes flexible direct-current bus voltage control.
Further, the relaxation units are distributed energy storage devices, and one or more of the relaxation units are ice cold storage devices. The ice cold accumulation enables the large air conditioning unit to store energy in the electricity consumption valley period and supply cold load in the power supply peak period of the power grid by adopting ice as an energy storage medium. Has the following advantages: 1) the load of the peak period of power utilization is relieved, the peak shifting effect is achieved, and meanwhile, the energy-saving cost is obtained by utilizing the peak-valley electricity prices in different areas; 2) energy conservation is realized by using the peak-valley electricity price difference of the region; 3) the full-load operation proportion of the refrigeration equipment in the system is increased, the state is stable, and the utilization rate of the equipment is improved. This application brings the ice cold-storage into multipotency microgrid control frame, utilizes multipotency complementation fully to excavate user's potential of can regulating and control, has increased user's energy consumption flexibility.
Further, in the energy storage stage: each relaxation unit absorbs electric energy according to the rated capacity of the relaxation unit, and each local controller controls the actual energy storage power of the corresponding relaxation unit to be reasonably borne according to the rated capacity ratio of the relaxation unit;
in the energy release stage: and preferentially putting the ice storage device, and bearing the equivalent electric load of the rest cold loads and the electric load by other distributed energy storage devices according to the rated capacity ratio. When electricity is purchased from the network, energy storage devices such as ice cold storage devices and storage batteries absorb the electric energy according to the rated capacity of the energy storage devices, and the energy storage devices reasonably bear the energy storage energy; during the load peak, the principle of utilizing the ice storage device is observed, the ice storage device is put into priority, and other cold loads are equivalent to the electric load and the electric load are reasonably borne by other energy storage devices according to the rated capacity ratio.
Further, the local controller controls the direct current micro-grid and the alternating current micro-grid by adopting constant power control.
Preferably, the constant power control method of the ac microgrid by the local controller is as follows: the outer ring generates an inner ring voltage instantaneous value, a phase signal of a voltage reference value of a closed-loop control system and a voltage amplitude signal through active power-frequency droop and reactive power-voltage droop control, and then the final control target is completed through inner ring voltage control.
Preferably, the constant power control method of the local controller for the dc microgrid comprises the following steps: the outer ring generates an inner ring voltage reference value through active power-voltage droop control, and then the final control target is completed through inner ring voltage or current control.
Further, the cooperative control of the upper-layer integrated controller on the alternating-current micro-grid comprises interconnection power control, virtual synchronous control and voltage instantaneous value closed-loop control;
the cooperative control of the upper-layer integrated controller on the direct-current micro-grid comprises interconnection power control and phase-shifting control.
Further, the interconnection power control method comprises the following steps:
(1) assuming that a virtual relaxation unit is contained at the position of the common direct current bus, a virtual direct current voltage droop control curve is constructed:
Udc＝Udcref-Pdc/kdc(ii) a Wherein U isdcIs the common dc bus voltage; u shapedcrefIndicating the DC voltage set-point, P, in the virtual DC voltage droop controldcRepresenting the virtual energy storage unit to inject the direct current system power; k is a radical ofdcIs the sag factor;
(2) defining a power error;
(3) and correcting the power error according to the droop control curve to obtain the interconnected power control system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. according to the microgrid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation, power balance and common direct-current bus voltage stability are maintained through cooperative autonomous control over each direct-current microgrid and each alternating-current microgrid, and flexible direct-current bus voltage control is achieved.
2. The micro-grid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation, provided by the invention, considers a multi-energy micro-grid of ice storage, can efficiently and flexibly accommodate a distributed power generation unit and an energy storage unit, provides high-reliability power supply for local loads, realizes multi-energy complementation, saves energy and protects environment.
3. According to the micro-grid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation, when the electric energy is rich, devices such as an ice cold storage device and a storage battery absorb the electric energy according to the rated capacity of the devices, and the stored energy is reasonably borne; during the load peak, the ice cold storage device is put into the cold storage device preferentially, and the equivalent electric load and the electric load of the rest cold loads are reasonably born by other energy storage devices according to the rated capacity ratio of the energy storage devices. The utilization rate of the energy storage device is effectively improved, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-energy microgrid structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an equivalent model of the multi-energy microgrid system according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a multi-energy microgrid control framework according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a control block diagram of an ac microgrid relaxation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a control block diagram of a relaxation unit of the dc microgrid according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6a is a schematic diagram of interconnection control of the ac microgrid in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6b is a schematic diagram of interconnection control of the dc micro-grid in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
The structure of the multi-energy microgrid system shown in fig. 1 is equivalent to the model shown in fig. 2, and as shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment includes one ac microgrid and two dc microgrids. Each microgrid comprises a relaxation unit (such as an energy storage device such as an energy conversion device and a storage battery, a controllable distributed power supply and the like) and a power unit (such as new energy power generation and load and the like). Wherein the relaxation units (such as energy type energy storage devices, controllable distributed power supplies and the like) are used as main power supplies to control the voltage/frequency (alternating current region) and the direct current region (direct current sub-network) in the system to be stable. Renewable energy distributed generation units adopting maximum power control or energy storage units, loads and the like in a power scheduling mode can be regarded as power units. The alternating current micro-grid and the direct current micro-grid are respectively connected with a public direct current bus through corresponding interconnection devices (DC-AC or DC-DC).
In order to realize the stable control of the multi-energy microgrid shown in fig. 2, the embodiment proposes a basic framework of the autonomous cooperative control strategy of the multi-energy microgrid shown in fig. 3. In the embodiment, through the autonomous cooperative control of the multifunctional microgrid, the following main transient and steady state operation control functions are expected to be realized:
1) the physical layer of the multi-energy microgrid shown in fig. 3 comprises a direct-current microgrid and a distributed area flexibly interconnected with an alternating-current microgrid. The alternating-current micro-grid and the direct-current micro-grid are respectively controlled by the corresponding local controller and the upper-layer integrated controller. And each microgrid realizes an autonomous control target in the microgrid through a corresponding local controller, and the cooperative control among the microgrids is completed through an upper-layer integrated controller.
2) And all the micro-grids in the multi-energy micro-grid are interconnected through the interconnection device, can be controlled and scheduled by the upper-layer integrated controller, fully excavates the adjustable potential of users by utilizing multi-energy complementation, and realizes the corresponding optimized operation target of the whole system.
The control targets to be achieved by the present embodiment are as follows:
in the energy storage stage, the electric energy is rich, distributed energy sources generate electricity, or the electricity price is lower, and when electricity is purchased from the network, the distributed energy storage devices such as ice cold storage devices, storage batteries and the like absorb the electric energy according to the rated capacity of the distributed energy storage devices, so that the energy storage devices can reasonably bear the energy storage energy. As shown in fig. 2, the output powers (i.e. the net powers of the load and the rest of the new energy power generation units, with the positive direction of the injection of the corresponding bus) of the power units in the three micro grids are respectively Pp,A、Pp,BAnd Pp,C. Assuming rated capacity P of relaxation units in alternating-current microgrid A, direct-current microgrid B and direct-current microgrid Cos,A、Pos,BAnd Pos,CAnd the capacity ratio thereof satisfies Pos,A:Pos,B:Pos,C1: a: b: 1. When the multi-energy microgrid operates normally, the actual energy storage power P of the relaxation units in the alternating-current microgrid A, the direct-current microgrid B and the direct-current microgrid C is ensured through an autonomous cooperative control strategys,A、Ps,BAnd Ps,CThe method can reasonably bear the requirements according to the rated capacity ratio (namely a: b:1), and the utilization efficiency of the relaxation units in the multi-energy microgrid is improved.
Energy release stage: for example, at the time of a load peak, the principle of using the ice storage device is observed, the ice storage device is put into priority, and the other distributed energy storage devices reasonably bear the equivalent electric load and the electric load of the cold load according to the rated capacity ratio.
The control strategy of the alternating-current microgrid relaxation unit is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the power unit in ac microgrid # a employs a constant power control strategy; the relaxation unit control strategy is shown in figure 4. Outer loop control and nullity by active power-frequency droop (P-f)Power-voltage (Q-V) droop control to generate phase signals theta of voltage reference values of inner loop voltage instantaneous closed-loop control systemASum voltage amplitude signal Vref,AAnd then the final control target is finished through a voltage inner ring control system. To reduce steady state error and improve control system dynamic response, the voltage inner loop typically employs PR control.
From fig. 4, the output active power and frequency of the relaxation unit in the ac microgrid a will have the following steady-state droop characteristics:
ωA＝ωset,A-Ps,A/kp,A(1)
in the formula, ωA、ωset,AAnd Ps,ARespectively representing the bus frequency of the alternating-current microgrid A, the alternating-current frequency set value of the droop control characteristic curve and the actual output active power of the balancing unit; k is a radical ofp,ARepresenting the droop coefficient of an active power/frequency droop control system.
The direct-current microgrid relaxation unit control strategy is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, a constant power control strategy is adopted for a power unit in a direct current microgrid i (i ═ B, C); the relaxation unit control strategy is shown in figure 5. The outer loop generates an inner loop voltage reference u by active power-voltage droop (P-V) controlrefI, then the final control target is completed through inner loop voltage/current control.
When the direct-current microgrid i adopts a direct-current voltage droop control strategy as shown in fig. 5, the droop control characteristic as shown in the following formula (2) can be used to describe the relationship between the direct-current microgrid bus voltage and the output power of the balancing unit in the system:
ui＝uset,i-Ps,i/kp,i(2)
in the formula uiAnd Ps,iRespectively representing the bus voltage of the direct-current microgrid # i and the output power of the balancing unit; u. ofset,iAnd kiThe direct current voltage set value and the droop coefficient in droop control are respectively.
In this embodiment, the multi-energy microgrid interconnection control strategy is a key for achieving the control target. Based on the droop characteristics of the ac/dc microgrid relaxation units obtained in the foregoing, a multi-energy microgrid interconnection control strategy is proposed, as shown in fig. 6(a) and (b), respectively. The alternating-current microgrid interconnection control comprises three parts, namely interconnection power control, virtual synchronous control and voltage instantaneous value closed-loop control; the direct-current microgrid interconnection device comprises an interconnection power control part and a phase-shift control part.
The design of the interconnected power control system is the key for realizing the coordinated control of the power of the multi-energy microgrid, and the core idea of the design is as follows:
firstly, it is assumed that a virtual relaxation unit is included at the common dc bus of the multi-energy microgrid shown in fig. 2, and the following virtual dc voltage droop control curve is constructed:
Udc＝Udcref-Pdc/kdc(3)
in the formula of UdcIs the common dc bus voltage; u shapedcrefAnd PdcRespectively representing a direct-current voltage set value in the virtual direct-current voltage droop control and the power injected into the direct-current system by the virtual energy storage unit; k is a radical ofdcThe sag factor.
The power error is defined as follows:
in addition, since the actual output power of the relaxation unit and the injected power of the virtual energy storage unit at the common dc bus in each ac and dc microgrid have the droop operation characteristics of equations (1) to (3), each power error in equation (4) can be further expressed as follows:
based on equation (5), the interconnection power control system shown in fig. 6a and 6b can be designed, and is expressed as follows:
in the formula PrefA、PrefBAnd PrefCRespectively, corresponding piconets in fig. 6a and 6bThe output result of the interconnection power control system is the actual active power reference value of the corresponding microgrid interface interconnection device; in the formula GICA(s)、GICB(s) and GICCAnd(s) are controllers of corresponding interconnected power control systems, and are all PI controllers in the embodiment.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A microgrid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation comprises a plurality of direct-current microgrids and alternating-current microgrids with a common direct-current bus, wherein each of the direct-current microgrids and the alternating-current microgrids comprises a relaxation unit and a power unit; the system further comprises an upper-layer integrated controller, and the upper-layer integrated controller performs cooperative control among the direct-current micro-grids and the alternating-current micro-grids through the Internet.
2. The microgrid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation is characterized in that the relaxation units are distributed energy storage devices, and one or more of the relaxation units are ice cold storage devices.
3. The microgrid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation is characterized in that,
in the energy storage stage: each relaxation unit absorbs electric energy according to the rated capacity of the relaxation unit, and each local controller controls the actual energy storage power of the corresponding relaxation unit to be reasonably borne according to the rated capacity ratio of the relaxation unit;
in the energy release stage: and preferentially putting the ice storage device, and bearing the equivalent electric load of the rest cold loads and the electric load by other distributed energy storage devices according to the rated capacity ratio.
4. The microgrid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation is characterized in that the local controller adopts constant power control for controlling the direct current microgrid and the alternating current microgrid.
5. The microgrid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation is characterized in that a constant power control method of an local controller for an alternating current microgrid comprises the following steps: the outer ring generates an inner ring voltage instantaneous value, a phase signal of a voltage reference value of a closed-loop control system and a voltage amplitude signal through active power-frequency droop and reactive power-voltage droop control, and then the final control target is completed through inner ring voltage control.
6. The microgrid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation is characterized in that a constant power control method of a local controller for a direct current microgrid is as follows: the outer ring generates an inner ring voltage reference value through active power-voltage droop control, and then the final control target is completed through inner ring voltage or current control.
7. The microgrid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation is characterized in that,
the cooperative control of the upper-layer integrated controller on the alternating-current micro-grid comprises interconnection power control, virtual synchronous control and voltage instantaneous value closed-loop control;
the cooperative control of the upper-layer integrated controller on the direct-current micro-grid comprises interconnection power control and phase-shifting control.
8. The microgrid autonomous cooperative control system considering energy complementation, as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method for controlling interconnection power comprises the following steps:
(1) assuming that a virtual relaxation unit is contained at the position of the common direct current bus, a virtual direct current voltage droop control curve is constructed:
Udc＝Udcref-Pdc/kdc(ii) a Wherein U isdcIs the common dc bus voltage; u shapedcrefIndicating the DC voltage set-point, P, in the virtual DC voltage droop controldcRepresenting the virtual energy storage unit to inject the direct current system power; k is a radical ofdcIs the sag factor;
(2) defining a power error;
(3) and correcting the power error according to the droop control curve to obtain the interconnected power control system.
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Application publication date: 20200204 |