CN110751401A - Method for evaluating quality of encarsia formosa bee card - Google Patents
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- 241001454772 Encarsia formosa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000032669 eclosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 153
- 241000382353 Pupa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000254127 Bemisia tabaci Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000018137 Trialeurodes vaporariorum Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241001455007 Encarsia Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000258937 Hemiptera Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000254123 Bemisia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013441 quality evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012418 validation experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses an evaluation method of the quality of encarsia formosa cards, and evaluation indexes of the method comprise a bee pupa eclosion rate and a bee pupa eclosion concentration index. The eclosion rate of the bee pupae is the percentage of the number of encarsia formosa which eclosion from the bee pupae in 12 days to the total number of the bee pupae. By adopting the method, the quality of the encarsia formosa bee card can be scientifically and reasonably evaluated, the large-scale production, inspection, sale and application of the encarsia formosa can be guided, and feasible technical indexes and detection methods are provided for quality grade division of the encarsia formosa bee card.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an evaluation method of the quality of encarsia formosa cards, and belongs to the technical field of biological control of agricultural pests.
Background
Encarsia formosaEncarsia formosaThe Encarsia of Aphidae of Hymenoptera of Gahan has male and female amphipathy, the length of a female insect is about 0.6mm, the head is brown to black, the chest is black, the abdomen is bright yellow, the wings are transparent, and the metal luster is realized; the male worms are black in the whole body and very rare.
Encarsia formosa is Bemisia tabaciBemisia tabaci(Gennadius) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) are important parasitic natural enemies of the greenhouse whitefly. At present, the parasitic wasp is bred on a large scale and is widely applied to prevention and control of the greenhouse vegetable whitefly pests. The encarsia formosa is mainly realized by hanging the bee card in the release application process, so that the high-quality encarsia formosa bee card is produced, and the prevention and control effect of the encarsia formosa on whitefly pests is favorably improved. The eclosion consistency degree of the bee pupae is an important index for evaluating the quality of the encarsia formosa card. One reason why the effect of encarsia formosa on preventing and controlling trialeurodes vaporariorum and bemisia tabaci in greenhouses in the prior art is not ideal is that the quality of bee cards is low. At present, no technical index and detection method for scientifically and reasonably evaluating the quality of the encarsia formosa bee card exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an evaluation method of the encarsia formosa card quality, and the method can be used for scientifically and reasonably evaluating the encarsia formosa card quality and effectively guiding the production, inspection, sale and application of encarsia formosa.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an evaluation method for the quality of encarsia formosa cards comprises the evaluation indexes of bee pupa eclosion rate and bee pupa eclosion concentration index; the two define the quality of encarsia formosa bee card.
The eclosion rate of the bee pupae is the percentage of the number of encarsia formosa which eclosion from the bee pupae accounts for the total number of the bee pupae under a specific condition.
The bee pupa emergence concentration index is calculated according to the following formula:
bee pupa emergence concentration index = Σ xa/(5 Σ x) = (x)1a1+x2a2+x3a3+x4a4+x5a5)/ (5Σx)
In the formula:
x1，x2，x3，x4，x5the eclosion number of each level of bee pupae;
a1，a2，a3，a4，a5-bee pupae emergence distribution progression;
the eclosion quantity of the bee pupae on each batch of sampling bee cards within a certain time is used for carrying out eclosion distribution stage division, the eclosion time is counted from the 1 st day of eclosion starting, the statistics is carried out by taking the day as a unit, and the specific division standard is as follows:
level 0: bee pupae which complete eclosion within 6-8 days have an eclosion distribution stage number of 0;
level 1: bee pupae eclosion is completed within 4-5 days and 9 days, and the eclosion distribution grade of the bee pupae is 1 grade;
and 2, stage: bee pupae eclosion is completed within 2-3 days and 10 days, and the eclosion distribution grade of the bee pupae is grade 2;
and 3, level: bee pupae eclosion is completed within 1 st day and 11 th-12 th day, and the eclosion distribution grade of the bee pupae is 3 grades;
4, level: bee pupae which are not yet eclosion completed on day 13 have an eclosion distribution level of 4.
The bee pupae: refers to the body of encarsia formosa which appears black or brown pupa state when the encarsia formosa grows to pupal stage in the host body.
The bee card: the method refers to a commodity unit of encarsia formosa in the transportation and application processes, and each bee card is loaded with a rated number of bee pupas.
The completion of eclosion: the encapscat is broken from the host body, and eclosion is completed.
The specific conditions are as follows: the eclosion is carried out under the conditions of temperature (26 +/-1) DEG C and humidity of 60-80%.
The eclosion rate of the bee pupae is as follows: the number of encarsia formosa emerged from the bee pupae in 12 days is the percentage of the total number of the bee pupae.
The evaluation method comprises the following steps of:
the eclosion rate of the bee pupae is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the eclosion concentration index of the bee pupae is less than or equal to 0.15.
When the eclosion rate of the bee pupae and the eclosion concentration index of the bee pupae simultaneously meet the requirements, the quality of the bee card is good; when any one of the bee pupa emergence rate and the bee pupa emergence concentration index does not meet the requirement, the quality of the bee card is poor.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following advantages that:
(1) the invention firstly provides the indexes of the eclosion rate of the bee pupae and the eclosion concentration index of the bee pupae, the indexes and the indexes jointly limit the quality degree of the encarsia formosa cards, and the situations that the eclosion rate of the bee pupae is high, the eclosion of the bee pupae is not concentrated, or the eclosion of the bee pupae is concentrated, and the eclosion rate of the bee pupae is low are avoided, so that the quality of the bee cards can be scientifically and reasonably evaluated, and the production and application of the bee cards can be guided.
(2) The invention provides a feasible technical index and detection method for the quality grade division of the bee card, and the method is simple and practical and is easy to operate.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1 method for evaluating the quality of encarsia formosa cards
The method comprises the steps of determining the quality of the encarsia formosa bee card by using the eclosion rate of bee pupae and the eclosion concentration index of the bee pupae.
Randomly sampling 3 bee cards from purchased encarsia formosa bee cards as a batch of samples, counting the quantity of bee pupae on the sampled bee cards under an anatomical lens, then placing the bee pupae on the sampled bee cards under the conditions of temperature (26 +/-1) DEG C and humidity of 60% -70%, starting eclosion, checking and recording the number of eclosion holes every day in the first 13 days, and calculating the eclosion rate of the bee pupae and the eclosion concentration index of the bee pupae.
Through detection, in the 3 bee card samples of the embodiment, the total number of the bee pupae to be detected is 600, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion on day 1 is 5, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion on day 2 is 6, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion on day 3 is 8, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion on day 4 is 19, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion on day 5 is 59, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion day 6 is 150, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion day 7 is 221, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion day 8 is 79, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion day 9 is 27, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion day 10 is 6, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion day 11 is 5, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion day 12 is 3, and the bee pupae which does not complete eclosion day 13 is 12.
Bee pupae refers to the pupa-state encarsia formosa body which is black or brown when the host body develops to the pupal stage.
The bee card refers to a commodity unit of encarsia formosa in the transportation and application process, and each bee card is loaded with a rated number of bee pupas.
Eclosion refers to the process of breaking the shell of encarsia formosa from the host body.
The eclosion rate of the bee pupae is calculated according to the following formula:
the eclosion rate of bee pupae = number of encarsia formosa eclosion from bee pupae/total number of bee pupae sampled multiplied by 100%
The results are percentages, the number of molecules remaining an integer.
In this example, the number of encarsia formosa emerged from the pupa apis within 12 days was determined to be 588.
Then, bee pupa eclosion rate =588/600 × 100%
Through calculation: the eclosion rate of the bee pupae is 98 percent.
The bee pupa emergence concentration index is calculated according to the following formula:
bee pupa emergence concentration index = Σ xa/(5 Σ x) = (x)1a1+x2a2+x3a3+x4a4+x5a5)/ (5Σx)
In the formula:
x1，x2，x3，x4，x5the eclosion number of each level of bee pupae;
a1，a2，a3，a4，a5-bee pupae emergence distribution progression;
the eclosion quantity of the bee pupae on each batch of sampling bee cards within a certain time is used for carrying out eclosion distribution stage division, the eclosion time is counted from the 1 st day of eclosion starting, the statistics is carried out by taking the day as a unit, and the specific division standard is as follows:
level 0: bee pupae which complete eclosion within 6-8 days have an eclosion distribution stage number of 0;
level 1: bee pupae eclosion is completed within 4-5 days and 9 days, and the eclosion distribution grade of the bee pupae is 1 grade;
and 2, stage: bee pupae eclosion is completed within 2-3 days and 10 days, and the eclosion distribution grade of the bee pupae is grade 2;
and 3, level: bee pupae eclosion is completed within 1 st day and 11 th-12 th day, and the eclosion distribution grade of the bee pupae is 3 grades;
4, level: bee pupae which are not yet eclosion completed on day 13 have an eclosion distribution level of 4.
The result is to retain the 2 digit number following the decimal point.
In the embodiment, statistics shows that the eclosion number of the 0-grade bee pupae is 450, the eclosion number of the 1-grade bee pupae is 105, the eclosion number of the 2-grade bee pupae is 20, the eclosion number of the 3-grade bee pupae is 13, and the eclosion number of the 4-grade bee pupae is 12;
then, bee pupa emergence concentration index = (450 × 0+105 × 1+20 × 2+13 × 3+12 × 4)/(5 × 600)
Through calculation: the bee pupa emergence concentration index is 0.08.
The eclosion rate of the encarsia formosa and the pupa of the encarsia formosa of the batch is 98%, the eclosion concentration index of the pupa of the encarsia formosa is 0.08, and the quality of the encarsia formosa detected by the method is good according to the quality judgment standard of the encarsia formosa and the bee card.
Embodiment 2 method for evaluating quality of encarsia formosa bee card
The method comprises the steps of determining the quality of the encarsia formosa bee card by using the eclosion rate of bee pupae and the eclosion concentration index of the bee pupae.
Randomly sampling 4 bee cards from purchased encarsia formosa bee cards as a batch of samples, counting the quantity of bee pupae on the sampled bee cards under an anatomical lens, then placing the bee pupae on the sampled bee cards under the conditions of temperature (26 +/-1) DEG C and humidity of 60% -70%, checking and recording the number of emergence holes every day in the first 13 days, and calculating the bee pupae emergence rate and the bee pupae emergence concentration index in the same way as in the example 1.
Through detection, in the 4 bee card samples of the embodiment, the total number of the bee pupae to be detected is 800, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion on day 1 is 2, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion on day 2 is 5, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion on day 3 is 9, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion on day 4 is 17, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion on day 5 is 48, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion day 6 is 193, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion day 7 is 265, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion day 8 is 108, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion day 9 is 30, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion day 10 is 9, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion day 11 is 2, the number of the bee pupae which completes eclosion day 12 is 1, and the bee pupae which does not complete eclosion day 13 is 111.
Through statistics, the eclosion number of the 0-grade bee pupae is 566, the eclosion number of the 1-grade bee pupae is 95, the eclosion number of the 2-grade bee pupae is 23, the eclosion number of the 3-grade bee pupae is 5, and the eclosion number of the 4-grade bee pupae is 111;
the number of encarsia formosa emerged from the bee pupae within 12 days was 689.
Through calculation: the eclosion rate of the bee pupae is 86%.
The bee pupa emergence concentration index is 0.15.
This batch of encarsia formosa bee pupa eclosion rate is 86%, and bee pupa eclosion concentration index is 0.15, according to encarsia formosa bee card quality judgement standard, the encarsia formosa bee card quality that this embodiment detected is poor.
Embodiment 3 method for evaluating quality of encarsia formosa bee card
The method comprises the steps of determining the quality of the encarsia formosa bee card by using the eclosion rate of bee pupae and the eclosion concentration index of the bee pupae.
Randomly sampling 4 bee cards from purchased encarsia formosa bee cards as a batch of samples, counting the quantity of bee pupae on the sampled bee cards under an anatomical lens, then placing the bee pupae on the sampled bee cards under the conditions of temperature (26 +/-1) DEG C and humidity of 60% -70%, checking and recording the number of emergence holes every day in the first 13 days, and calculating the bee pupae emergence rate and the bee pupae emergence concentration index in the same way as in the example 1.
Through detection, in the 3 bee card samples of the embodiment, the number of bee pupas is 598, the number of bee pupas which complete eclosion at the 1 st day is 7, the number of bee pupas which complete eclosion at the 2 nd day is 10, the number of bee pupas which complete eclosion at the 3 rd day is 15, the number of bee pupas which complete eclosion at the 4 th day is 20, the number of bee pupas which complete eclosion at the 5 th day is 72, the number of bee pupas which complete eclosion at the 6 th day is 103, the number of bee pupas which complete eclosion at the 7 th day is 172, the number of bee pupas which complete eclosion at the 8 th day is 89, the number of bee pupas which complete eclosion at the 9 th day is 28, the number of bee pupas which complete eclosion at the 10 th day is 18, the number of bee pupas which complete eclosion at the 11 th day is 5, the number of bee pupas which complete eclosion at the 12 th day is 5, and the bee pupas which do not yet eclosi.
Through statistics, the eclosion number of the 0-grade bee pupae is 364, the eclosion number of the 1-grade bee pupae is 120, the eclosion number of the 2-grade bee pupae is 43, the eclosion number of the 3-grade bee pupae is 17, and the eclosion number of the 4-grade bee pupae is 54;
the number of encarsia formosa emerged from the bee pupae within 12 days was 544.
Through calculation: the eclosion rate of the bee pupae is 91 percent.
The bee pupa emergence concentration index is 0.16.
This batch of encarsia formosa bee pupa eclosion rate is 91%, and bee pupa eclosion concentration index is 0.16, according to encarsia formosa bee card quality judgement standard, the encarsia formosa bee card quality that this embodiment detected is poor.
Example 4 validation experiment
In 2018, the following verification tests are carried out in a certain vegetable base in Shouguang city:
and (3) a test for controlling bemisia tabaci of tomatoes in a sunlight greenhouse.
A, B batches of encarsia formosa bee cards are purchased from different manufacturers, and the number of A, B bee pupas of the two bee cards with one card is 200 through detection. The quality of two kinds of bee cards is judged by utilizing an evaluation method of the quality of encarsia formosa bee cards:
a, the eclosion rate of bee pupae of a bee card is 95%, and the eclosion concentration index of the bee pupae is 0.11; evaluation results were as follows: the quality of the bee card is good;
b, the eclosion rate of the bee pupae of the bee card is 92 percent, and the eclosion concentration index of the bee pupae is 0.17; evaluation results were as follows: the quality of the bee card is poor.
The sunlight greenhouse is divided into 1 and 2 parts on average, the middle part is isolated, and the encarsia formosa cannot penetrate through the middle isolation; in the two-part greenhouse, the A bee card and the B bee card are hung respectively.
Greenhouse part 1: hanging the A bee card;
greenhouse 2 part: hanging the B bee card;
except that the cards are different, the number of hanging cards is the same as other management measures. And hanging the bee card for 30 days, and then carrying out result detection.
The experimental results are as follows:
the control rate of Bemisia tabaci in the greenhouse 1 part is 85 percent;
the control rate of Bemisia tabaci in the greenhouse 2 part is 62 percent;
therefore, the two are obviously different, the control rate of the Bemisia tabaci of the bee card A is higher, and the control rate of the Bemisia tabaci of the bee card B is obviously poorer.
The result of judging the quality of the encarsia formosa card by the encarsia formosa card quality evaluation method is scientific, accurate and reasonable, and scientific and feasible technical indexes and detection methods are provided for evaluating the quality of the encarsia formosa card.
Except for special description, the percentages are mass percentages, and the ratios are mass ratios.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for evaluating the quality of encarsia formosa cards is characterized by comprising the following steps: the evaluation indexes of the method comprise bee pupa emergence rate and bee pupa emergence concentration index.
2. The method for evaluating the quality of encarsia formosa cards according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bee pupa emergence concentration index is calculated according to the following formula:
bee pupa emergence concentration index = Σ xa/(5 Σ x) = (x)1a1+x2a2+x3a3+x4a4+x5a5)/ (5Σx)
In the formula:
x1，x2，x3，x4，x5the eclosion number of each level of bee pupae;
a1，a2，a3，a4，a5-bee pupa emergence distribution progression.
3. The method for evaluating the quality of encarsia formosa cards according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bee pupa eclosion distribution progression is divided according to the eclosion number of each batch of sampled bee pupas on the bee card within a certain time under the specific condition, the eclosion time is counted from the 1 st day of starting eclosion, and the specific division standard is as follows:
level 0: bee pupae which complete eclosion within 6-8 days have an eclosion distribution stage number of 0;
level 1: bee pupae eclosion is completed within 4-5 days and 9 days, and the eclosion distribution grade of the bee pupae is 1 grade;
and 2, stage: bee pupae eclosion is completed within 2-3 days and 10 days, and the eclosion distribution grade of the bee pupae is grade 2;
and 3, level: bee pupae eclosion is completed within 1 st day and 11 th-12 th day, and the eclosion distribution grade of the bee pupae is 3 grades;
4, level: bee pupae which are not yet eclosion completed on day 13 have an eclosion distribution level of 4.
4. The method for evaluating the quality of encarsia formosa cards according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the eclosion rate of the bee pupae is the percentage of the number of encarsia formosa which eclosion from the bee pupae in 12 days under specific conditions to the total number of the bee pupae.
5. The method for evaluating the quality of encarsia formosa cards according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the specific conditions are that the temperature is 26 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity is 60-70%.
6. The method for evaluating the quality of encarsia formosa cards according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the evaluation method comprises the following steps of: the eclosion rate of the bee pupae is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the eclosion concentration index of the bee pupae is less than or equal to 0.15.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113796356A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-17 | 广东省科学院动物研究所 | Method for detecting and evaluating quality of Cereus lucidus imagoes |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113796356A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-12-17 | 广东省科学院动物研究所 | Method for detecting and evaluating quality of Cereus lucidus imagoes |
| CN113796356B (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2023-03-14 | 广东省科学院动物研究所 | Method for detecting and evaluating quality of Cereus lucidus imagoes |
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