CN110749599A - Method and device for analyzing surgical smoke and storage medium - Google Patents
Method and device for analyzing surgical smoke and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a method, a device and a storage medium for analyzing surgical smoke, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the operation process, receiving an operation tissue image shot by a camera, wherein the operation tissue image contains operation smoke generated by the operation of an operation instrument on the operation tissue; analyzing the surgical tissue image to determine the type, concentration and dispersion speed of the surgical smoke; and processing the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed through a preset classifier to determine whether the starting of the smoke purification system needs to be controlled. Through carrying out analysis processing to the operation tissue image, can obtain the type, concentration and the dispersion speed of operation smog to and again through classifier analysis processing type, concentration and dispersion speed, and confirm whether produce smog this moment and need start smoke purification system and clear away, with realization control smoke purification system opportunity, with the smoke purification system who avoids need not to start is started, and then avoids producing the waste of energy.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of image processing, in particular to a method and a device for analyzing surgical smoke and a storage medium.
Background
When a certain operation is performed on a patient, a surgical instrument, such as an electric knife, an ultrasonic knife, a laser knife and other energy instruments, is needed to perform operations such as cutting, repairing and the like on surgical tissues of the patient. When the surgical instrument is applied to the surgical tissue, it generates a large amount of smoke. The hazard of this smoke is that it can obstruct the view of the observation, leading to erroneous judgment by the operator, and thus, causing serious harm.
In response to this problem, the prior art solution is to provide a smoke sensor that, once detecting smoke, activates a smoke purification system to rapidly eliminate the smoke. However, this method has a drawback in that when the amount of smoke is small and does not obstruct the view, it is also detected by the smoke sensor, so that the smoke purification system which does not need to be started is started, resulting in waste of energy.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a method, an apparatus and a storage medium for analyzing surgical smoke, which are used to control the starting time of a smoke purification system, so as to avoid waste of energy.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for analyzing surgical smoke, the method including:
in the operation process, receiving an operation tissue image shot by a camera, wherein the operation tissue image contains operation smoke generated by the operation of an operation instrument on the operation tissue;
analyzing the surgical tissue image to determine the type, concentration and dispersion speed of the surgical smoke;
and processing the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed through a preset classifier to determine whether the starting of the smoke purification system needs to be controlled.
In the embodiment of the application, through carrying out analysis processing to the operation tissue image, can obtain the type, concentration and the dispersion speed of operation smog to and again through classifier analysis processing type, concentration and dispersion speed, and confirm whether produce smog this moment and need start smoke purification system and clear away, with realization control smoke purification system start opportunity, with the smoke purification system who avoids need not to start is started, and then avoids producing the waste of the energy.
With reference to the first aspect, in a first possible implementation manner, analyzing the surgical tissue image to determine the type, concentration, and dispersion speed of the surgical smoke includes:
converting the surgical tissue image into a binary image;
analyzing the binary image and determining the region of the surgical smoke in the binary image;
and analyzing the image of the area to determine the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed.
In the embodiment of the application, the operation tissue image is converted into the binary image, so that the operation smoke in the image can be displayed more obviously, and the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed can be determined accurately.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner, the surgical tissue image is a plurality of images of adjacent frames, and correspondingly, the located area is also a plurality of areas, and the analyzing the image of the located area to determine the type, the concentration, and the diffusion velocity includes:
analyzing each image of the area to determine the discreteness, shape characteristics and concentration of the surgical smoke; determining the type according to the discreteness, the shape characteristics and the concentration; and determining the diffusion speed according to the position change of the plurality of the areas in the binary image.
In the embodiment of the application, the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed determined by analyzing the plurality of images of the adjacent frames are the comprehensive result of the plurality of images of the adjacent frames, so that the contingency is avoided, and the determined type, concentration and dispersion speed are more accurate.
With reference to the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation manner, determining the diffusion velocity according to a position change of the plurality of regions in the binarized image includes:
determining the position change of each two located areas of adjacent frames in the binarized image;
and determining the dispersion speed according to the position change.
In the embodiment of the application, because the change of the surgical smoke in a long time has strong contingency and randomness, the change of the diffusion speed in a short time can be determined through every two images of adjacent frames, and the influences of the contingency and the randomness are avoided.
With reference to the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner, the determining the diffusion velocity according to the position change includes:
determining the diffusion speed of the surgical smoke relative to the binarized image according to the position change;
and adjusting the diffusion speed according to the proportion of the visual field in the binary image to the visual field in the actual space, and determining the diffusion speed of the surgical smoke in the actual space.
In the embodiment of the application, the diffusion speed of the surgical smoke in the actual space is determined according to the diffusion speed of the surgical smoke relative to the binary image, and whether the starting of the smoke purification system needs to be controlled or not can be accurately judged based on the diffusion speed of the surgical smoke in the actual space.
With reference to the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner, after receiving an image of surgical tissue captured by a camera and before processing the type, the concentration, and the dispersion speed by a preset classifier to determine whether to control the activation of the smoke purification system, the method further includes:
analyzing the surgical tissue image, determining a visual field proportion of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image, and determining a proportion between a size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image and a size of the surgical instrument in an actual space;
correspondingly, the step of processing the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed through a preset classifier to determine whether the starting of the smoke purification system needs to be controlled comprises the following steps:
determining whether control of the activation of the smoke decontamination system is required by the classifier processing the type, the concentration, the dispersion rate, the field of view fraction and the ratio.
In the embodiment of the application, the visual field proportion and the proportion of the surgical instrument are determined by analyzing the surgical tissue image, and the visual field proportion and the proportion of the surgical instrument are combined to the starting analysis of the smoke purification system, so that whether the smoke purification system needs to be controlled to be started or not can be judged more accurately.
With reference to the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner, after determining a ratio of a field of view of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image, and determining a ratio between a size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image and a size of the surgical instrument in an actual space, and before analyzing the surgical tissue image and determining a type, a concentration, and a diffusion speed of the surgical smoke, the method further includes:
determining the size of the visual field of the surgical tissue image according to the visual field proportion or the size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image;
determining a redundant visual field area needing to be cut in the surgical tissue image according to the size of the visual field;
correspondingly, analyzing the surgical tissue image to determine the type, concentration and dispersion speed of the surgical smoke, including:
cutting off the redundant visual field area in the operation tissue image to obtain a cut image;
and analyzing the cut image to determine the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed.
In the embodiment of the application, by determining the redundant view field, the redundant view field in the image can be cut off before the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed are determined, the data processing amount in the process of determining the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed is reduced, and the load of equipment is reduced.
With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a seventh possible implementation manner, analyzing the surgical tissue image to determine a ratio of the field of view of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image includes:
analyzing the surgical tissue image and determining the area of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image;
determining the ratio of the area of the region to the area of the surgical tissue image, wherein the ratio is the visual field ratio;
correspondingly, determining a redundant visual field area needing to be cut in the surgical tissue image according to the size of the visual field, and the method comprises the following steps:
and determining the redundant visual field area according to the visual field size and the area where the visual field is located, wherein the redundant visual field area comprises the edge area of the operation tissue image and the area where the operation tissue image is located.
In the embodiment of the application, the redundant visual field area comprises the area where the surgical instrument is located, so that the redundant visual field area in the image is cut off, the data processing amount can be reduced, and the interference of the surgical instrument on the determination of the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed can be avoided.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a surgical smoke analysis apparatus, the apparatus including:
the image receiving module is used for receiving an operation tissue image shot by the camera in the operation process, wherein the operation tissue image contains operation smoke generated by the operation of an operation instrument on the operation tissue;
the data processing module is used for analyzing the surgical tissue image and determining the type, concentration and dispersion speed of the surgical smoke; and processing the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed through a preset classifier to determine whether the starting of the smoke purification system needs to be controlled.
With reference to the second aspect, in a first possible implementation manner,
the data processing module is used for converting the surgical tissue image into a binary image; analyzing the binary image and determining the region of the surgical smoke in the binary image; and analyzing the image of the area to determine the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed.
With reference to the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a second possible implementation manner, the surgical tissue image is a plurality of images of adjacent frames, and correspondingly, the surgical tissue image is a plurality of regions, and the data processing module is configured to analyze each image of the region and determine the discreteness, the shape feature, and the concentration of the surgical smoke; determining the type according to the discreteness, the shape characteristics and the concentration; and determining the diffusion speed according to the position change of the plurality of the areas in the binary image.
With reference to the second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a third possible implementation manner, the data processing module is configured to determine the position changes of each two located regions of adjacent frames in the binarized image; and determining the dispersion speed according to the position change.
With reference to the third possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a fourth possible implementation manner, the data processing module is configured to determine, according to the position change, a diffusion speed of the surgical smoke relative to the binarized image; and adjusting the diffusion speed according to the proportion of the visual field in the binary image to the visual field in the actual space, and determining the diffusion speed of the surgical smoke in the actual space.
With reference to the second aspect, in a fifth possible implementation manner, the image receiving module is further configured to, after receiving a surgical tissue image captured by a camera, and before the data processing module processes the type, the concentration, and the dispersion speed through a preset classifier to determine whether to control activation of an aerosol cleaning system, analyze the surgical tissue image, determine a visual field proportion of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image, and determine a proportion between a size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image and a size of the surgical instrument in an actual space;
correspondingly, the data processing module is used for processing the type, the concentration, the dispersion speed, the visual field ratio and the proportion through the classifier to determine whether the starting of the smoke purification system needs to be controlled.
With reference to the fifth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a sixth possible implementation manner, after determining the proportion of the field of view of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image and the proportion of the size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image to the size of the surgical instrument in the real space, and before analyzing the surgical tissue image to determine the type, concentration and diffusion speed of the surgical smoke,
the data processing module is further used for determining the size of the visual field of the surgical tissue image according to the visual field proportion or the size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image; determining a redundant visual field area needing to be cut in the surgical tissue image according to the size of the visual field;
correspondingly, the data processing module is used for cutting off the redundant visual field area in the surgical tissue image to obtain a cut image; and analyzing the cut image to determine the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed.
With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a seventh possible implementation manner:
the data processing module is used for analyzing the surgical tissue image and determining the area of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image; determining the ratio of the area of the region to the area of the surgical tissue image, wherein the ratio is the visual field ratio;
correspondingly, the data processing module is configured to determine the redundant view area according to the size of the view and the area where the view is located, where the redundant view area includes an edge area of the surgical tissue image and the area where the view is located.
In a third aspect, the present embodiments provide a computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable non-volatile program code, where the program code causes the computer to execute the method for analyzing surgical smoke according to the first aspect or any one of the possible implementation manners of the first aspect.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including: the device comprises a communication interface, a memory and a processor connected with the communication interface and the memory;
the communication interface is used for acquiring an operation tissue image shot in the operation process by a camera, wherein the operation tissue image contains operation smoke generated by the operation of an operation instrument on the operation tissue;
the memory is used for storing programs;
the processor is configured to invoke and run the program to execute the method for analyzing surgical smoke according to the first aspect and any one of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a first flowchart of a method for analyzing surgical smoke according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a second flowchart of a method for analyzing surgical smoke according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3A is a first application scenario diagram of a method for analyzing surgical smoke according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3B is a second application scenario diagram of a surgical smoke analysis method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a third flowchart of a method for analyzing surgical smoke according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of a surgical smoke analyzer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for analyzing surgical smoke, where the method for analyzing surgical smoke may be executed by an electronic device, where the electronic device may be a server or a terminal, and the server may be a database server, a network server, a cloud server, or the like; the terminal may be a Personal Computer (PC), a tablet PC, a smart phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), or the like.
Specifically, the flow of the surgical smoke analysis method may include: step S100, step S200, and step S300.
Step S100: in the operation process, an operation tissue image shot by a camera is received, wherein the operation tissue image contains operation smoke generated by the operation instrument acting on the operation tissue.
Step S200: and analyzing the surgical tissue image to determine the type, concentration and dispersion speed of the surgical smoke.
Step S300: and processing the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed through a preset classifier to determine whether the starting of the smoke purification system needs to be controlled.
The flow of the method for analyzing surgical smoke will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
Step S100: in the operation process, an operation tissue image shot by a camera is received, wherein the operation tissue image contains operation smoke generated by the operation instrument acting on the operation tissue.
During the operation, the operation part can be shot by the camera. For example, the operation is performed in the patient body by a minimally invasive method, and the outside cannot take a picture of the operation tissue. Therefore, the camera can be attached to the endoscope and enter the body of the patient to shoot the operation position. For another example, the operation is a conventional operation with a large wound surface, and the outside can also shoot a picture of the operation tissue at the wound surface, so that the camera can be installed on the operation table or on the head of the main knife hospital to shoot the operation position.
During the operation, if the operator controls the surgical instrument to act on the surgical tissue, surgical smoke is generated at the surgical tissue. As the camera continuously shoots the surgical tissue (it can be understood that the camera records the video of the surgical site, but the nature of the video is still a frame-by-frame continuous image, so the embodiment is described by taking the example of processing the image, so as to facilitate understanding, the camera can shoot the surgical tissue image containing surgical smoke (to avoid the description, the "surgical tissue image containing surgical smoke" will be referred to as "surgical tissue image" hereinafter).
After receiving the surgical tissue image, the electronic device may perform step S200 to process the surgical tissue image. The processing flow of each surgical tissue image received by the electronic device is the same, and for convenience of understanding, the electronic device will be described as processing one of the surgical tissue images.
Step S200: and analyzing the surgical tissue image to determine the type, concentration and dispersion speed of the surgical smoke.
Since the surgical smoke appears approximately white, the brightness of the surgical smoke in the surgical tissue image is higher than the brightness of the background in the surgical tissue image. To enable surgical smoke to be highlighted in the surgical tissue image to facilitate accurate determination of the surgical smoke, the electronic device may perform color gamut conversion on the surgical tissue image. Optionally, since the surgical tissue image captured by the camera belongs to the RGB color gamut, the electronic device may convert the surgical tissue image belonging to the RGB color gamut into the surgical tissue image belonging to the luminance gamut in the YCrCb color gamut, so that surgical smoke can be highlighted in the surgical tissue image.
As an alternative to this embodiment, the electronic device may process the surgical tissue image belonging to the brightness domain by using a preset image processing algorithm to determine the type, concentration and diffusion rate of the surgical smoke.
It can be understood that, since the diffusion velocity needs to be dynamically determined, the electronic device processes, through an image processing algorithm, a plurality of surgical tissue images of adjacent frames or a plurality of surgical tissue images of frames separated by frames to determine the type, concentration and diffusion velocity of the surgical smoke. If the plurality of surgical tissue images are images separated by frames, the number of frames separated between every two surgical tissue images cannot be too large, for example, is not more than 5 frames.
Specifically, the electronic device processes each surgical tissue image belonging to the brightness domain through an image processing algorithm, determines the discreteness, the shape characteristic and the concentration of the surgical smoke in each surgical tissue image belonging to the brightness domain, determines an area formed by the outline of the surgical smoke in each surgical tissue image belonging to the brightness domain, and determines the position of the central point of each area, wherein the position of the central point of each area can be used as the position of the surgical smoke in the surgical tissue image. Thus, the electronic device can determine a plurality of discrepancies, a plurality of shape characteristics, a plurality of concentrations, and a plurality of locations; the discreteness, shape feature, and density are represented by numerical values, and the position is represented by coordinates. Further, the electronic device obtains the overall dispersion, the overall shape characteristic, and the overall concentration of the surgical smoke by integrating the plurality of dispersions, the plurality of shape characteristics, and the plurality of concentrations, such as averaging the plurality of dispersions, averaging the plurality of shape characteristics, and averaging the plurality of concentrations.
It should be noted that, because the surgical smoke is continuously diffused, the shapes of the regions formed by the contours of the surgical smoke in the adjacent frames or in each two surgical tissue images separated by the adjacent frames are almost different. If the contour-formed areas of the surgical smoke in every two surgical tissue images of adjacent frames or every two spaced frames are partially the same, it is indicated that the same parts are actually the background and are mistakenly identified as the surgical smoke, so the electronic device can remove the same parts in the areas.
In this embodiment, the type of surgical smoke varies, and the discreteness, shape characteristics, and concentration of the surgical smoke may vary. For example, if the surgical smoke is generated by the action of the ultrasonic knife, the surgical smoke has a high value of the dispersion, a high value of the shape characteristic (the surgical smoke has a long filament band shape as the value of the shape characteristic is higher), and a low value of the concentration, and if either one of the dispersion and the shape characteristic of the surgical smoke has a low value or a high value of the concentration, the surgical smoke is not smoke generated by the ultrasonic knife but smoke generated by other surgical instruments such as a high-frequency electric knife, a radio-frequency or laser energy device, and the like.
To achieve the determination of the type of surgical smoke, a first threshold value where the value of segmentation discreteness is high or low, a second threshold value where the value of segmentation shape features is high or low, and a third threshold value where the value of segmentation density is high or low are preset in the electronic device. The electronic equipment can determine the type of the surgical smoke by judging whether the integral discreteness is higher than a first threshold value, judging whether the shape characteristic is higher than a second threshold value and judging whether the concentration is smaller than a third threshold value, namely determining whether the surgical smoke belongs to smoke caused by the ultrasonic knife or smoke caused by a non-ultrasonic knife.
Meanwhile, because the surgical smoke is continuously dispersed, the position of the surgical smoke in each surgical tissue image also changes, and the dispersion speed can be reflected when the position also changes.
Optionally, the electronic device may determine the change values of the positions in each two surgical tissue images of adjacent frames or between adjacent frames, and then average all the determined change values to obtain an average change value, where the average change value is the diffusion speed of the surgical smoke relative to the binarized image.
It is to be understood that the use of the center point of the contoured area of the surgical smoke to calculate the diffusion velocity is an exemplary manner provided by the present embodiment and is not intended as a limitation on the present embodiment. For example, the electronic device may also determine a minimum distance of an edge of the silhouette forming region of every two surgical smokes from which adjacent frames or frames are separated, and use the minimum distance of the edge as the change value of the position.
Furthermore, the binary image only reflects the diffusion of the surgical smoke in the actual space, so that the diffusion speed of the surgical smoke relative to the binary image reflects the diffusion condition of the surgical smoke in the actual space, and therefore, the diffusion speed of the surgical smoke in the actual space needs to be determined through the diffusion speed. Optionally, the electronic device presets a ratio of the field of view in the binarized image to the field of view in the actual space, and the diffusion speed is adjusted by using the ratio, so that the diffusion speed of the surgical smoke in the actual space can be determined. For example, if the size of the object in the binarized image is 1/3, the ratio of the field of view in the binarized image to the field of view in real space is 1/3. Therefore, according to the ratio 1/3, multiplying the diffusion velocity by 3 obtains the diffusion velocity of the surgical smoke in the real space.
As another alternative of this embodiment, the electronic device may also completely separate the surgical smoke from the background of the surgical tissue image on the basis of the surgical tissue image belonging to the brightness domain, so as to determine the type, concentration and diffusion speed of the surgical smoke more accurately.
Specifically, the electronic device may convert the surgical tissue image belonging to the brightness domain into a binarized image according to a preset binarized threshold value. The preset binarization threshold value is the set optimal threshold value for the surgical smoke, and in the generation of the binarization image under the binarization threshold value, the surgical smoke can be white or black and is completely independent from the background of the binarization image.
Because the operation smog is completely independent from the background of the binary image, the electronic equipment can perform the matting operation on the operation smog and determine the image of the area where the operation smog is located from the binary image, wherein the area where the operation smog is located can be the area formed by the outline of the operation smog.
Then, the electronic equipment processes the image of each region where the adjacent frames or frames are separated through an image processing algorithm, determines the discreteness, the shape characteristics, the concentration and the position of the surgical smoke in the image of each region, and determines the integral discreteness, the integral shape characteristics, the integral concentration and the dispersion speed of the surgical smoke by combining the discreteness, the shape characteristics, the concentrations and the positions. It will be appreciated that the principles of determination are the same as those described above and will not be described again here.
Further, after determining the type, the overall concentration, and the dispersion speed, the electronic device may further perform step S300.
Step S300: and processing the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed through a preset classifier to determine whether the starting of the smoke purification system needs to be controlled.
In this embodiment, the classifier may be a conventional classifier, and before the analysis method of the surgical smoke is actually executed, the classifier needs to be trained and optimized according to the types, the overall concentrations, and the dispersion speeds of various smoke concentrations in the training data set, so that the accuracy of judging whether to control the start of the smoke purification system in the operating room reaches a threshold value, for example, reaches more than 98%, thereby forming a mature and accurate classifier.
In practical application, after obtaining the type, the overall concentration and the dispersion speed of the smoke concentration, the electronic equipment inputs the type, the overall concentration and the dispersion speed into the trained classifier, and the classifier can output an analysis result of whether the starting of the smoke purification system needs to be controlled or not by processing the type, the overall concentration and the dispersion speed. Thus, the electronic device can determine whether to control the start-up of the smoke purification system or not based on the analysis result, and for example, if the analysis result is 1, the electronic device controls the start-up of the smoke purification system, and if the analysis result is 0, the electronic device does not control the start-up of the smoke purification system.
Referring to fig. 2, in order to determine whether to control the activation of the smoke purifying system more accurately, after step S100 and before step S300, the electronic device may further perform step S201 to analyze and process the surgical instruments included in the surgical tissue image.
Step S201: analyzing the surgical tissue image, determining a field of view proportion of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image, and determining a ratio between a size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image and a size of the surgical instrument in real space.
First, to avoid the repeated processing of the images, after the surgical tissue image is obtained in step S100, the electronic device may copy the surgical tissue image into two parts, one part of which is processed by performing step S201, and the other part of which is processed by performing step S200. How one of the surgical tissue images is processed by performing step S201 will be described in detail below.
In order to realize that the surgical instrument is independent from the background of the surgical tissue image, based on the characteristic that the surgical instrument is black or white generally, the surgical tissue image can also be subjected to binarization processing, so that a binarization image is obtained.
As a first optional way of performing binarization processing on the surgical tissue image, the electronic device may set an optimal binarization threshold value for the surgical instrument in advance, so as to convert the surgical tissue image into a binarization image according to the optimal binarization threshold value, so that the surgical instrument can be completely independent from the background of the binarization image.
Since the surgical instrument is already completely isolated from the background of the binarized image, the electronic device may process the binarized image to determine the field of view fraction of the surgical instrument from the binarized image and to determine the ratio between the size of the surgical instrument in the binarized image and the size of the surgical instrument in real space, wherein since the binarized image and the surgical tissue image are the same size, the ratio between the size of the surgical instrument in the binarized image and the size of the surgical instrument in real space is the ratio between the size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image and the size of the surgical instrument in real space, and the field of view fraction of the surgical instrument in the binarized image is the field of view fraction of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image. Further, for the sake of simplicity of description, hereinafter, "the ratio between the size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image and the size of the surgical instrument in the actual space" will be collectively referred to as "instrument ratio"; and "the ratio of the surgical instrument to the field of view of the surgical tissue image" is collectively referred to as "the ratio of the field of view".
Specifically, since the surgical instrument is generally in a rod shape or a cone shape, the surgical instrument enters the viewing frame of the camera from the outside, and the sizes of the surgical instruments are substantially the same, in the binarized image, the figures of the surgical instrument are in a triangle or a rectangle, two adjacent vertexes of the triangle or the rectangle are on the edge of the binarized image, and the size difference between the figures of the triangle or the rectangle is not large.
Then, the electronic device may determine the vertices of the graph in the binarized image, and analyze the vertices based on the feature that the graph of the surgical instrument is triangular or rectangular, two adjacent vertices of the triangle or rectangle are on the edge of the binarized image, and the size of the graphs of the triangles or rectangles does not greatly differ, thereby determining the triangle or rectangle graph of which the binarized image satisfies the above-mentioned feature.
It will be appreciated that in the captured image of the surgical tissue, the surgical tissue is generally located in the center of the image of the surgical tissue, and accordingly, the surgical instrument may be directed to the center of the image of the surgical tissue in the image of the surgical tissue. Therefore, when determining the triangular or rectangular graph, the electronic device can judge whether the axis of the triangular or rectangular graph points to the central part of the binary image.
If so, the triangle or rectangle graph is the graph of the surgical instrument, otherwise, the triangle or rectangle graph is not the graph of the surgical instrument.
Through the method, the electronic equipment can determine the graph of each surgical instrument in the binarized image and determine that the binarized image needs to be used for subsequent processing.
As a second alternative to binarizing the surgical tissue image, the electronic device may dynamically determine an optimal binarization threshold.
Specifically, the electronic device may perform grayscale processing on the surgical tissue image to obtain a grayscale image. And the electronic equipment generates a histogram for expressing a gray threshold value in the gray image according to the gray image and determines a binarization threshold value corresponding to the threshold value point in the histogram, wherein the threshold value point in the histogram can be a top point or a bottom point in the histogram. In other words, more than one binarization threshold may be determined.
After the at least one binarization threshold value is determined, the electronic device can perform binarization processing on the surgical tissue image by using each binarization threshold value to obtain a corresponding binarization image, so as to obtain at least one binarization image.
The electronic device can perform the binarization processing on each binarized image, determine the figure of each surgical instrument in each binarized image, and also determine the number of surgical instruments in each binarized image. In this way, the electronic device may select the binarized image containing the largest number of surgical instruments to perform subsequent processing by using the binarized image containing the largest number of surgical instruments, where the binarized image containing the largest number of surgical instruments is the binarized image which is identified most accurately by the electronic device for the surgical instruments, and the binarized threshold corresponding to the binarized image containing the largest number of surgical instruments may be the optimal binarized threshold.
Further, whether the first or second alternative is adopted for the binarization processing, the electronic device may determine the visual field ratio and the instrument ratio by processing the binarization image when determining the binarization image used for the subsequent processing.
For visual field proportion:
because the image of the surgical instrument is composed of the pixel points in the binarized image, the electronic device can calculate the number of the pixel points of the images of all the surgical instruments in the binarized image and the number of the pixel points of the binarized image, wherein the number of the pixel points of the images of all the surgical instruments in the binarized image can be used for representing the areas of the images of all the surgical instruments, and the number of the pixel points of the binarized image can be used for representing the areas of the binarized image. Therefore, comparing the number of pixel points of the images of all the surgical instruments in the binarized image with the number of pixel points of the binarized image, the obtained ratio is the visual field ratio.
For the instrument ratio:
since the instrument ratio is a ratio reflecting the size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image to the size of the surgical instrument in the actual space, in order to determine the ratio accurately, it is necessary to standardize the visual field level of the surgical tissue image. Therefore, the electronic device can determine the visual field level of the surgical tissue image according to the size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image or the visual field ratio, and standardize the visual field level of the surgical tissue image according to the visual field level.
Specifically, since the size of the tapered surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image may be difficult to determine, the electronic device may first determine whether all of the graphics of the surgical instrument are triangular.
If the image is all triangular, the electronic equipment determines the visual field level of the operation tissue image by using the visual field ratio. Optionally, the electronic device may determine a relationship between the view occupation ratio and the maximum view proportion and the minimum view proportion, if it is determined that the view occupation ratio is greater than the maximum view proportion, the electronic device determines that the view level of the surgical tissue image is small, if it is determined that the view occupation ratio is less than or equal to the maximum view proportion and is greater than the minimum view proportion, the electronic device determines that the view level of the surgical tissue image is medium, and if it is determined that the view occupation ratio is less than or equal to the minimum view proportion, the electronic device determines that the view level of the surgical tissue image is large.
If not all the surgical instruments are triangular, the electronic device determines the size of the surgical instruments in the surgical tissue image by using the graphics of the rectangular surgical instruments, and determines the visual field level of the surgical tissue image by using the sizes of the surgical instruments in the surgical tissue image. Optionally, the electronic device may determine the number of pixels in the radial direction of the graph of each rectangular surgical instrument, and determine the number of pixels in at least one radial direction. In this way, the electronic device averages the number of pixels in at least one radial direction to obtain the number of average pixels in the radial direction, which is the size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image. The electronic device compares the size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image with the length or width of the surgical tissue image, that is, the number of the radial average pixel points is compared with the number of the radial pixel points in the length or width of the surgical tissue image, so that the size proportion of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image is determined. Further, the electronic device may determine a relationship between the size ratio and the maximum size ratio and the minimum size ratio, determine that the view level of the surgical tissue image is small if the size ratio is greater than the maximum size ratio, determine that the view level of the surgical tissue image is medium if the size ratio is smaller than or equal to the maximum size ratio and greater than the size ratio, and determine that the view level of the surgical tissue image is large if the size ratio is smaller than or equal to the minimum size ratio.
After the size of the visual field level of the surgical tissue image is determined, the electronic device can adjust the surgical tissue image to a standard visual field level according to the size of the visual field level of the surgical tissue image, so that the visual field level of the surgical tissue image is standardized.
Specifically, the electronic device may determine the adjusted length and width of the surgical tissue image according to the size of the view level of the surgical tissue image, where the larger the view level of the surgical tissue image is, the more contents are included in the surgical tissue image, and therefore, the smaller length and width needs to be determined to reduce the surgical tissue image, so as to reduce the contents included in the surgical tissue image, and thus, the view level of the surgical tissue image is adjusted to the standard level. In addition, the electronic device may further use an end point of the surgical instrument pointing to an end of the central portion of the surgical tissue image as a central point.
After the length and the width are determined and the central point is determined, the electronic device may cut the surgical tissue image with the determined length and the width as the center, so as to obtain the surgical tissue image with the cut view level adjusted to the standard level.
When the surgical tissue images recognized in different fields of view are adjusted to the standard field of view level, the content included in the surgical tissue images in the standard field of view level is substantially the same. In addition, if a plurality of surgical instruments are present in the surgical tissue image, the surgical tissue image is adjusted with the end point closest to the center portion of the surgical tissue image as the center point at the time of cutting.
Referring to fig. 3A and 3B, adjusting the view level of the surgical tissue image is described below by way of an example.
The surgical instrument a and the surgical instrument B are included in the surgical tissue image M, and an end point of the surgical instrument a near the central portion of the surgical tissue image is a1, while an end point of the surgical instrument B near the central portion of the surgical tissue image is B1. Since the end point a1 is closer to the center portion of the surgical tissue image M than the end point B1, the electronics determine that the end point a1 is the center point, the rectangle N is long L1 and wide L2, and cut the region of the surgical tissue image M outside the rectangle N. Then, as shown in fig. 3B, after the cutting, the image at the rectangle N is the adjusted surgical tissue image N.
Further, based on the surgical tissue image with the field of view adjusted to the standard level, the electronic device may determine a radial size of a surgical instrument near an end of the central portion of the image in the surgical tissue image with the field of view adjusted to the standard level, where the radial size is a size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image with the field of view adjusted to the standard level. And then comparing the determined radial size with the radial size in the actual space according to the preset radial size of the surgical instrument in the actual space, thereby determining the instrument proportion.
In this embodiment, after determining the visual field ratio and the instrument ratio, when performing step S300, the electronic device may input the visual field ratio, the instrument ratio, and the type, concentration, and dispersion speed determined in step S200 into the classifier together to obtain a more accurate analysis result.
In this case, when the classifier is trained in advance, it is necessary to train and optimize the classifier using a training data set including types of various smoke concentrations, overall concentrations, diffusion rates, visual field ratios, and instrument ratios.
Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments of the present invention, after the step S100 is executed, the electronic device may first execute the step S201 and then execute the step S200 according to a result of the execution of the step S201.
Specifically, after the electronic device determines the graph of the surgical instrument from one surgical tissue image and the center point and the length and width in step S201, the electronic device may determine the redundant visual field area to be cut from another surgical tissue image according to the determined graph of the surgical instrument and the determined center point and length and width. Wherein the redundant field of view region comprises: the region of the surgical instrument in the other surgical tissue image and the edge region in the other surgical tissue image, the edge region being a region outside the rectangle formed by the determined center point and the length and width in the image.
Furthermore, the electronic device may delete the redundant view area in another surgical tissue image, so that the step S200 processes the image from which the redundant view area is deleted, thereby reducing the amount of computation in the step S200 and the load on the electronic device.
In addition, after the electronic device determines the instrument ratio through step S201, in the process of executing step S200, the electronic device may directly adjust the diffusion speed and the concentration by using the instrument ratio, determine the diffusion speed of the surgical smoke in the actual space, and determine the concentration of the surgical smoke in the actual space.
Referring to fig. 5, based on the same inventive concept, the present embodiment provides an electronic device 10, and the electronic device 10 may include a communication interface 11 connected to a network, one or more processors 12 for executing program instructions, a bus 13, and a memory 14 in different forms, such as a disk, a ROM, or a RAM, or any combination thereof. Illustratively, the computer platform may also include program instructions stored in ROM, RAM, or other types of non-transitory storage media, or any combination thereof.
The communication interface 11 is configured to acquire an operation tissue image shot by a camera in an operation process, where the operation tissue image includes operation smoke generated by an operation instrument acting on an operation tissue;
the memory 14 is used for storing programs;
the processor 12 is configured to call and run the stored program to execute the aforementioned analysis method of the surgical smoke according to the surgical tissue image.
Referring to fig. 6, based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus 100 for analyzing surgical smoke, where the apparatus 100 is applied to an electronic device, and the apparatus 100 includes:
the image receiving module 110 is configured to receive an image of a surgical tissue captured by a camera in a surgical procedure, where the image of the surgical tissue includes surgical smoke generated by a surgical instrument applied to the surgical tissue.
A data processing module 120, configured to analyze the surgical tissue image, and determine the type, concentration, and dispersion speed of the surgical smoke; and processing the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed through a preset classifier to determine whether the starting of the smoke purification system needs to be controlled.
It should be noted that, as those skilled in the art can clearly understand, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
Some embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium of a computer-executable non-volatile program code, which can be a general-purpose storage medium such as a removable disk, a hard disk, etc., and the computer-readable storage medium has a program code stored thereon, which when executed by a computer, performs the steps of the method for analyzing surgical smoke according to any of the above embodiments.
The program code product of the surgical smoke analysis method provided in the embodiment of the present application includes a computer-readable storage medium storing the program code, and instructions included in the program code may be used to execute the method in the foregoing method embodiment, and specific implementation may refer to the method embodiment, and details are not described herein again.
To sum up, through carrying out analysis processes to the operation tissue image, can obtain the type, concentration and the dispersion speed of operation smog to and again through classifier analysis processes type, concentration and dispersion speed, and confirm whether produce smog this moment and need start smoke purification system and clear away, with realization control smoke purification system opportunity, with the smoke purification system who avoids need not to start is started, and then avoids producing the waste of energy.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and there may be other divisions when actually implemented, and for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units through some communication interfaces, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
In addition, units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
Furthermore, the functional modules in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module may exist separately, or two or more modules may be integrated to form an independent part.
In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of analyzing surgical smoke, the method comprising:
in the operation process, receiving an operation tissue image shot by a camera, wherein the operation tissue image contains operation smoke generated by the operation of an operation instrument on the operation tissue;
analyzing the surgical tissue image to determine the type, concentration and dispersion speed of the surgical smoke;
and processing the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed through a preset classifier to determine whether the starting of the smoke purification system needs to be controlled.
2. The method of analyzing surgical smoke according to claim 1, wherein analyzing the image of surgical tissue to determine the type, concentration and dispersion rate of the surgical smoke comprises:
converting the surgical tissue image into a binary image;
analyzing the binary image and determining the region of the surgical smoke in the binary image;
and analyzing the image of the area to determine the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the surgical tissue image is a plurality of images of adjacent frames, and correspondingly, the region is a plurality of images, and analyzing the images of the region to determine the type, concentration and diffusion rate comprises:
analyzing each image of the area to determine the discreteness, shape characteristics and concentration of the surgical smoke; determining the type according to the discreteness, the shape characteristics and the concentration; and determining the diffusion speed according to the position change of the plurality of the areas in the binary image.
4. The method for analyzing surgical smoke according to claim 3, wherein the determining the diffusion velocity according to the position change of the plurality of the regions in the binarized image comprises:
determining the position change of each two located areas of adjacent frames in the binarized image;
and determining the dispersion speed according to the position change.
5. The method of analyzing surgical smoke according to claim 4, wherein determining said dispersion velocity from said change in position comprises:
determining the diffusion speed of the surgical smoke relative to the binarized image according to the position change;
and adjusting the diffusion speed according to the proportion of the visual field in the binary image to the visual field in the actual space, and determining the diffusion speed of the surgical smoke in the actual space.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein after receiving an image of surgical tissue taken with a camera and before processing the type, concentration and dispersion rate by a preset classifier to determine whether control over activation of the smoke decontamination system is required, the method further comprises:
analyzing the surgical tissue image, determining a visual field proportion of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image, and determining a proportion between a size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image and a size of the surgical instrument in an actual space;
correspondingly, the step of processing the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed through a preset classifier to determine whether the starting of the smoke purification system needs to be controlled comprises the following steps:
determining whether control of the activation of the smoke decontamination system is required by the classifier processing the type, the concentration, the dispersion rate, the field of view fraction and the ratio.
7. The method of analyzing surgical smoke according to claim 6, wherein after determining a visual field fraction of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image and determining a ratio between a size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image and a size of the surgical instrument in real space, and before analyzing the surgical tissue image to determine a type, concentration and dispersion speed of the surgical smoke, the method further comprises:
determining the size of the visual field of the surgical tissue image according to the visual field proportion or the size of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image;
determining a redundant visual field area needing to be cut in the surgical tissue image according to the size of the visual field;
correspondingly, analyzing the surgical tissue image to determine the type, concentration and dispersion speed of the surgical smoke, including:
cutting off the redundant visual field area in the operation tissue image to obtain a cut image;
and analyzing the cut image to determine the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed.
8. The method of analyzing surgical smoke according to claim 7, wherein analyzing the surgical tissue image to determine a proportion of the surgical instrument in a field of view of the surgical tissue image comprises:
analyzing the surgical tissue image and determining the area of the surgical instrument in the surgical tissue image;
determining the ratio of the area of the region to the area of the surgical tissue image, wherein the ratio is the visual field ratio;
correspondingly, determining a redundant visual field area needing to be cut in the surgical tissue image according to the size of the visual field, and the method comprises the following steps:
and determining the redundant visual field area according to the visual field size and the area where the visual field is located, wherein the redundant visual field area comprises the edge area of the operation tissue image and the area where the operation tissue image is located.
9. An apparatus for analyzing surgical smoke, the apparatus comprising:
the image receiving module is used for receiving an operation tissue image shot by the camera in the operation process, wherein the operation tissue image contains operation smoke generated by the operation of an operation instrument on the operation tissue;
the data processing module is used for analyzing the surgical tissue image and determining the type, concentration and dispersion speed of the surgical smoke; and processing the type, the concentration and the dispersion speed through a preset classifier to determine whether the starting of the smoke purification system needs to be controlled.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable non-volatile program code, wherein the program code causes the computer to perform the method of analyzing surgical smoke of any of claims 1-8.
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