Magnetic signal control electromagnetic force driving mechanical positioner and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a magnetic signal control electromagnetic force driving mechanical positioner and a method, which are used for accurately positioning the position of an underground casing coupling and belong to the field of underground tools for oil and gas field development.
Background
The continuous oil pipe fracturing operation is a safe and economic oil well production increasing measure with obvious benefits. However, the packer at the lower end of the coiled tubing must be placed accurately over the fractured interval, or the stimulation cannot be as effective as desired. The coiled tubing is used as a conveying tool, has the problems of pre-bending and stress expansion in the well entering process, and becomes a bottleneck of operation application in the cable-free condition. The current approach is to use mechanical positioners.
The mechanical locator depth correction technology is that the locator is connected to the bottom of a process pipe column, the locator is lowered to a position 5-6 m below a short casing coupling, a high-precision force measuring sensor and an intelligent instrument are connected to the upper end of the pipe column, and then the pipe column is lifted up to find the short casing coupling. When the locator enters the short casing collar, the surface display can generate a 10-40 kN load change signal display, and the depth of the short casing can be determined at the moment. Mechanical positioners have a good accuracy, but mechanical positioners have the following disadvantages: the sleeve pipe is always contacted with the sleeve pipe and the coupling in work, the sleeve pipe can be abraded, and the requirements on the strength of the positioning block and the spring are high.
However, the method is only suitable for common long round thread buckle casing wells, and with the development of the petroleum industry, particularly the development of deep wells, ultra-deep wells, high-pressure gas wells and directional wells and the exploitation of corrosive gas wells such as high-sulfur-containing carbon dioxide and the like, higher requirements are put forward on the service performance of petroleum casings, and oil casings with API standard threaded connections (such as short, long round threads and buttress threads) are difficult to meet the production requirements in many cases, so that special threaded connections of the type are developed at home and abroad: vam-top, must, tp-cq and other air-tight buckle types, and the special threaded connections have good anti-thread gluing performance and reliable connection strength with high air-tight performance. Because the air-tight buckle adopted by the air-tight buckle sleeve is sealed by the metal end face, the end face of the male buckle pushes the step face of the female buckle to form sealing after the buckle is in place, and the existing common sleeve coupling mechanical positioner cannot realize positioning in the special air-tight buckle sleeve well unlike the common sleeve coupling with a gap of about 2 cm.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a magnetic signal control electromagnetic force driving mechanical positioner and a method for overcoming the problem that the conventional common mechanical positioner for casing coupling can not realize positioning in the special airtight buckling casing well. The method solves the problem of positioning the target layer of the fracturing construction of the continuous oil pipe in the airtight buckle sleeve well.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a magnetic signal control electromagnetic force driving mechanical positioner comprises a central shaft, a mechanical positioning mechanism, a fixed sleeve, an electromagnetic disc, an electromagnetic mechanism, a power supply short section, a control unit and a lower joint, wherein the lower joint, the control unit, the power supply short section, the electromagnetic mechanism, the fixed sleeve, the mechanical positioning mechanism and the central shaft are sequentially connected to form a pipe column; the center pin outside in proper order the cover have sleeve and spring, fixed cover one end and spring coupling, the other end is connected with the electromagnetism dish.
The power supply short section is respectively electrically connected with the control unit and the electromagnetic mechanism, and the control unit is in signal connection with the electromagnetic mechanism.
The control unit uses magnetic elements to determine casing collar location.
The power supply short section is a high-temperature-resistant power supply short section.
A magnetic signal control electromagnetic force driving mechanical positioning method comprises the following specific steps:
when the pipe column is lowered to a position near a preset position, the pipe column is lifted upwards to start positioning, when the control unit passes through a short sleeve coupling, a pulse signal is generated to control the power supply short joint to electrify the electromagnetic mechanism to generate instantaneous magnetism, an electromagnetic disc between the fixed sleeve and the electromagnetic mechanism is attracted to the electromagnetic mechanism, the central shaft and the sleeve are driven to move upwards at the same time, a spring on the sleeve is compressed, the mechanical positioning mechanism is started to be in contact with the sleeve to generate instantaneous resistance, the wellhead can observe the change of load, and therefore the position of the sleeve coupling is determined;
when the pulse signal disappears, the power supply short section stops supplying power to the electromagnetic mechanism, the magnetism disappears, the electromagnetic disc has no magnetic force effect, the spring props open the sleeve at the moment, the central shaft is driven to move downwards, the mechanical positioning mechanism is closed, meanwhile, the electromagnetic disc falls back to the fixed sleeve, and the mechanical positioning mechanism is in a closed state without contacting with the wall of the sleeve.
The control unit identifies the coupling according to the magnetic field distortion between the two permanent magnets with opposite polarities, when the control unit passes through the position of the coupling of the casing pipe, the change of the magnetic flux is caused by the change of the thickness of the casing pipe at the coupling, induced electromotive force is generated on the coil, and the change of the electric potential on the coil is detected by an electronic circuit, so that a working signal can be generated, and the pulse on/off of a power supply of an electromagnetic mechanism is controlled.
The control unit provides a pulse signal, the electromagnetic mechanism is switched on and off in a pulse mode, therefore, the mechanical positioning mechanism is switched on and off in a pulse mode, and the wellhead can detect pulse changes of loads, so that the position of the casing collar is determined.
The control unit can control the work starting node by a clock and can start the power supply short section at regular time to supply power to the control unit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention controls the pulse on/off of the electromagnetic mechanism power supply through the magnetic flux change, thereby controlling the opening/closing of the positioner to realize the positioning.
The invention realizes the accurate positioning of the coiled tubing fracturing target layer in the airtight buckle casing well.
The invention does not need to connect cables and is suitable for coiled tubing operation.
The invention can realize the starting point of clock control work and reduce the abrasion to the casing wall.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural view of the present invention in an open state.
Fig. 2 is a structural view of the present invention in a closed state.
In the figures, the reference numbers are: 1. a central shaft; 2. a mechanical positioning mechanism; 3. a sleeve; 4. a spring; 5. fixing a sleeve; 6. an electromagnetic disk; 7. an electromagnetic mechanism; 8. a power supply short section; 9. a control unit; 10 lower joint; 11 casing tube.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
in order to overcome the problem that the conventional common mechanical locator for casing coupling can not realize positioning in the special airtight buckling casing well, the invention provides a magnetic signal control electromagnetic force driving mechanical locator and a method as shown in figures 1 and 2. The method solves the problem of positioning the target layer of the fracturing construction of the continuous oil pipe in the airtight buckle sleeve well.
A magnetic signal control electromagnetic force driving mechanical positioner comprises a central shaft 1, a mechanical positioning mechanism 2, a fixed sleeve 5, an electromagnetic disc 6, an electromagnetic mechanism 7, a power supply short section 8, a control unit 9 and a lower joint 10, wherein the lower joint 10, the control unit 9, the power supply short section 8, the electromagnetic mechanism 7, the fixed sleeve 5, the mechanical positioning mechanism 2 and the central shaft 1 are sequentially connected to form a pipe column; the central shaft 1 is sequentially sleeved with a sleeve 3 and a spring 4, one end of the fixed sleeve 5 is connected with the spring 4, and the other end of the fixed sleeve is connected with an electromagnetic disc 6.
A magnetic signal control electromagnetic force driving mechanical positioner is composed of a central shaft 1, a mechanical positioning mechanism 2, a sleeve 3, a spring 4, a fixed sleeve 5, an electromagnetic disc 6, an electromagnetic mechanism 7, a power supply short section 8, a control unit 9 and a lower connector 10.
As shown in FIG. 1, when the pipe string is lowered near a predetermined position, the riser string begins to be positioned. When the control unit 9 passes through a short coupling, a pulse signal can be generated, the power supply short joint 8 is controlled to electrify the electromagnetic mechanism 7 to generate instantaneous magnetism, the electromagnetic disc 6 between the fixed sleeve 5 and the electromagnetic mechanism 7 is attracted to the electromagnetic mechanism 7, meanwhile, the central shaft 1 and the sleeve 3 are driven to move upwards, the spring 4 on the sleeve 3 is driven to compress, the mechanical positioning mechanism 2 is started to be in contact with the sleeve 11 to generate instantaneous resistance, the change of load can be observed at a well mouth, and therefore the position of the coupling of the sleeve is determined.
As shown in fig. 2, after the pulse signal disappears, the power supply nipple 8 stops supplying power to the electromagnetic mechanism 7, the magnetism disappears, the electromagnetic disc 5 has no magnetic force, the spring 4 props the sleeve 3 at the moment, the central shaft 1 is driven to move downwards, the mechanical positioning mechanism 2 is closed, meanwhile, the electromagnetic disc 5 falls back to the fixed sleeve 4, and at the moment, the mechanical positioning mechanism 2 is in a closed state without contacting with the sleeve wall 11.
The control unit 9 in the invention sends out a pulse signal to control the high-temperature-resistant power supply short joint 8 to supply power to the electromagnetic mechanism 7, and the electromagnet can be instantly electrified and generates magnetism; after the pulse signal disappears, the high-temperature-resistant power supply short joint 8 stops supplying power to the electromagnetic mechanism 7, and the magnetism disappears; after the electromagnetic mechanism 7 is electrified, the electromagnetic disc 6 is sucked up, the central shaft 1 is driven to move upwards, and the mechanical positioning mechanism is started.
The central shaft 1 moves upwards, and simultaneously drives the sleeve 3 to move upwards to compress the spring 4.
After the electromagnetic mechanism 7 is powered off, the electromagnetic disc 6 has no magnetic force, the sleeve 3 is expanded by the compression force of the spring 4 to drive the central shaft 1 to move downwards, the mechanical positioning mechanism 2 is closed, and meanwhile, the electromagnetic disc 6 falls back to the fixed sleeve 3.
The electromagnetic disc 6 is positioned between the electromagnetic mechanism 7 and the fixed sleeve 5, can move up and down, and can simultaneously drive the central shaft 1 to move up and down. The control unit 9 and the electromagnetic mechanism 7 are prior art in the present invention and will not be further described in the present invention.
When the electromagnetic coupling passes through a short sleeve coupling, the pulse type on/off of an electromagnet power supply is controlled by magnetic flux change, a lower electromagnetic mechanism 7 is driven when the electromagnetic coupling is started, a central shaft 1 connected with an electromagnetic disc 6 moves upwards, and a mechanical positioning mechanism is started; the central shaft 1 goes down when closed. Therefore, the collar can be displayed through a load change signal of the ground display instrument, so that the depth of the short sleeve can be determined, and the problem that the coiled tubing cannot be effectively positioned on the air-tight casing well is solved.
Example 2:
based on embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the power supply nipple 8 is electrically connected to the control unit 9 and the electromagnetic mechanism 7, respectively, and the control unit 9 is in signal connection with the electromagnetic mechanism 7.
The control unit 9 uses magnetic elements to determine casing collar location.
The power supply short section 8 is a high-temperature-resistant power supply short section.
A magnetic signal control electromagnetic force driving mechanical positioning method comprises the following specific steps:
when the pipe column is lowered to be close to a preset position, the pipe column is lifted to start positioning, when a control unit 9 passes through a short sleeve coupling, a pulse signal is generated to control a power supply short joint 8 to electrify an electromagnetic mechanism 7 to generate instantaneous magnetism, an electromagnetic disc 6 between a fixed sleeve 5 and the electromagnetic mechanism 7 is attracted to the electromagnetic mechanism 7, meanwhile, a central shaft 1 and a sleeve 3 are driven to move upwards, a spring 4 on the sleeve 3 is compressed, a mechanical positioning mechanism 2 is started to be in contact with a sleeve 11 to generate instantaneous resistance, the wellhead can observe load change, and therefore the position of the sleeve coupling is determined;
when the pulse signal disappears, the power supply short section 8 stops supplying power to the electromagnetic mechanism 7, the magnetism disappears, the electromagnetic disc 5 has no magnetic force effect, the spring 4 props the sleeve 3 at the moment, the central shaft 1 is driven to move downwards, the mechanical positioning mechanism 2 is closed, meanwhile, the electromagnetic disc 5 falls back to the fixed sleeve 4, and at the moment, the mechanical positioning mechanism 2 is in a closed state without contacting with the sleeve wall 11.
The control unit 9 identifies the coupling according to the magnetic field distortion between the two permanent magnets with opposite polarities, when the control unit 9 passes through the position of the coupling of the casing pipe, the change of the magnetic flux is caused by the change of the thickness of the casing pipe at the coupling, induced electromotive force is generated on the coil, the change of the electric potential on the detection coil of an electronic circuit can generate a working signal, and the pulse on/off of the power supply of the electromagnetic mechanism 7 is controlled.
The control unit 9 provides a pulse signal, the electromagnetic mechanism 7 is switched on and off in a pulse mode, therefore, the mechanical positioning mechanism 2 is switched on and off in a pulse mode, and the wellhead can detect pulse changes of load, so that the position of the casing collar is determined.
The electromagnetic mechanism is electrified to suck the electromagnetic disc, and simultaneously drives the central shaft to move upwards to start the mechanical positioning mechanism;
further, the central shaft 1 moves upwards and drives the sleeve 3 to move upwards to compress the spring 4 at the same time
Further, after the electromagnetic mechanism 7 is powered off, the electromagnetic disc 6 has no magnetic force, the sleeve 3 is expanded by means of the compression force of the spring 4 to drive the central shaft 1 to move downwards, the mechanical positioning mechanism 2 is closed, and meanwhile, the electromagnetic disc 6 falls back to the fixed sleeve 5;
further, as the control unit 9 provides a pulse signal, the electromagnetic mechanism 7 is switched on and off in a pulse mode, so that the mechanical positioning mechanism 2 is switched on and off in a pulse mode, and the wellhead can detect pulse changes of loads, thereby determining the position of the casing collar;
the control unit 3 can control the work starting node by a clock, and can start the power supply short joint 8 to supply power to the control unit 3 at regular time.
The instrument uses a magnetic flux control unit, can time the working starting time, is provided with a battery in a high-temperature resistant power supply short section, can adapt to the long-term high-temperature and high-pressure environment in an oil well, and simultaneously is used as a part of the oil pipe to be put into the well along with the oil pipe. The invention realizes the accurate positioning of the coiled tubing fracturing target layer in the airtight buckle casing well. The invention does not need to connect cables and is suitable for coiled tubing operation. The invention can realize the starting point of clock control work and reduce the abrasion to the casing wall.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims and any design similar or equivalent to the scope of the invention. The device structure and the system method which are not described in detail in the embodiment are all the well-known technologies and common methods in the industry, and are not described one by one here.