CN110746657B - Preparation method and application of composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
- C08J2201/048—Elimination of a frozen liquid phase
- C08J2201/0482—Elimination of a frozen liquid phase the liquid phase being organic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2305/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2301/00 or C08J2303/00
- C08J2305/08—Chitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Hyaluronic acid; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material, which is characterized in that waste biomass materials are recycled, carbonized, ground and sieved and then mixed with a chitosan solution to prepare the photothermal conversion aerogel composite material.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of solar photo-thermal conversion, in particular to a preparation method and application of a composite biomass aerogel photo-thermal conversion material.
Background art:
at present, in order to solve the increasingly deficient energy crisis, people propose a sustainable development strategy, seek renewable and environment-friendly energy and focus on various forms of energy such as solar energy, wind energy, tide, geothermal heat and the like; at present, research on solar photo-thermal conversion materials becomes a hotspot, and the solar energy is converted into heat energy to locally heat water by utilizing the photo-thermal conversion materials, so that drinkable fresh water is obtained, and the method has quite considerable application prospect; the total reserve of water resources on the earth is 14 hundred million cubic kilometers, however, the reserve of fresh water resources only accounts for 2.53 percent of the total reserve, 68.7 percent of the reserve of fresh water resources belongs to solid glaciers, and is distributed in alpine, south and north polar regions which are difficult to utilize, and a part of fresh water is buried in places which are deep underground, so that the fresh water resources are difficult to exploit, and along with the continuous modernization process of human society, the precious fresh water resources are polluted, and the fresh water resources left for human are very limited, thereby restricting the survival and development of human beings.
Therefore, the research of the photothermal conversion material is very accordant with the requirement of the times, and the photothermal material researched at present mainly comprises noble metal nano particles, carbon-based nano materials, some black nano semiconductors and some high polymer materials with good absorption capacity for visible light; however, most of the photothermal conversion materials have complicated synthesis methods, high cost, and by-products and the by-products are harmful to the environment, so that the wide application of the materials is limited.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material, which is characterized in that waste biomass materials are recycled, and the waste biomass materials are carbonized, ground and sieved and then are compounded with chitosan to prepare the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material comprises the following steps:
1) drying the waste biomass material at 60-100 ℃, carbonizing at 300-900 ℃, grinding, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain biomass carbon powder;
2) dissolving chitosan powder in 2wt% acetic acid solution to prepare 1-2 wt% chitosan solution;
3) mixing the biomass carbon powder obtained in the step 1) and the chitosan solution obtained in the step 2) according to a mass ratio of 1: 10-40, mixing, and placing in a freeze dryer for freeze drying or supercritical drying for 30-40 h to prepare the biomass aerogel; and then neutralizing and curing the mixture by 0.1-0.5 mol/L ammonia water or NaOH solution, and cleaning the mixture to be neutral by using deionized water to obtain the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material.
The biomass material in the step 1) is any one of pericarps such as shaddock peel, coconut shell, banana peel and watermelon peel, roots, stems, leaves, seeds and fruits of plants.
In particular, when the biomass material is selected from grapefruit peel, step 1) is preferably: putting the waste shaddock peels into a forced air drying oven for drying at a constant temperature of 60-100 ℃, weighing 5-10 g of the dried shaddock peels, putting the weighed shaddock peels into a vacuum tube furnace, introducing nitrogen as protective gas at a flow rate of 20sccm, carbonizing the shaddock peels at a temperature of 500-900 ℃ respectively at a heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3-5 hours; the carbonized shaddock peels with different carbonization temperatures are ground by an agate mortar and sieved by a 120-mesh (125 mu m) stainless steel screen.
The invention also protects the application of the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material for seawater desalination and sewage treatment.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention has the advantages of low cost, wide raw materials, simple preparation process, large-scale production and hopeful industrial production.
2. The composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material obtained by the invention is double-layer, has good hydrophilicity, achieves a local heat collection effect by performing efficient photothermal conversion through a biomass carbon powder layer, has a disordered and porous structure on the surface, is favorable for the escape of water vapor, and has a multi-stage structure for increasing multiple scattering of light and being favorable for the absorption of light; the chitosan aerogel layer plays a role in heat insulation and ensuring sufficient water supply, and efficient water evaporation is realized.
3. The composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material obtained by the invention has good light absorption performance, and the sunlight absorption rate in the range of 250-2500 nm reaches more than 90%.
4. The composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material obtained by the invention is 1kW m-2Under the sunlight intensity, the highest photo-thermal steam efficiency can reach 90.4 percent.
5. The composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material obtained by the invention can be used for sewage treatment, seawater desalination and the like.
In a word, the invention recycles the waste biomass material, and prepares the composite biomass gas by carbonizing, grinding and sieving the waste biomass material and compounding the waste biomass material with chitosanThe gel photo-thermal conversion material is low in cost, wide in raw materials and simple in preparation process, and can be produced in a large scale, the obtained double-layer composite biomass aerogel photo-thermal conversion material is non-toxic, degradable, green and environment-friendly, and has good hydrophilicity, efficient photo-thermal conversion is carried out through a biomass carbon powder layer to achieve a local heat collection effect, a disordered porous structure on the surface is beneficial to escape of water vapor, and multiple scattering of light is increased through a multi-stage structure, so that light absorption is facilitated; the chitosan aerogel layer plays a role in heat insulation and ensures sufficient water supply, and efficient water evaporation is realized; the sunlight absorption rate of the coating reaches more than 90 percent within the range of 250-2500 nm, and the coating is 1kW m-2The highest photo-thermal steam efficiency can reach 90.4% under the sunlight intensity, the requirement of the current sustainable development is met, and the solar energy-saving solar water heater can be used for sewage treatment and seawater desalination and has wide application prospect.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the microstructure of the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material obtained in example 1;
fig. 2 is a graph of an ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared absorption spectrum of the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material obtained in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the microstructure of the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material obtained in example 2;
fig. 4 is a graph of the ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared absorption spectrum of the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material obtained in example 2;
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of the microstructure of the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material obtained in example 3;
fig. 6 is a graph of the ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared absorption spectrum of the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material obtained in example 3;
FIG. 7 is a scanning electron microscope image of the microstructure of the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material obtained in example 4;
fig. 8 is a graph of the ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared absorption spectrum of the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material obtained in example 4;
FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the homemade steam test facility of example 5;
wherein, 1, a polyethylene foam layer, 2, a water storage container, 3, dust-free fiber paper, 4 and a groove;
FIG. 10 shows that the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material obtained in example 6 and example 3 is at 1kWm-2Under the light intensity, a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution is used for simulating a seawater desalination evaporation rate diagram.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following is a further description of the invention and is not intended to be limiting.
Example 1: the carbonized shaddock peel powder at 300 ℃ is compounded with chitosan
A preparation method of a composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, putting the waste shaddock peel into a forced air drying oven for drying at a constant temperature of 60-100 ℃, weighing 5-10 g of dried shaddock peel, putting the weighed shaddock peel into a vacuum tube furnace, introducing nitrogen as protective gas at a flow rate of 20sccm, carbonizing the shaddock peel at a temperature of 300 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3-5 hours, wherein the heating rate is 1-5 ℃/min; grinding the carbonized shaddock peel by an agate mortar, and sieving by using a 120-mesh (125 mu m) stainless steel sieve to obtain biomass carbon powder;
2) pouring 4.5g of chitosan powder into 2wt% of 300ml of acetic acid solution, and placing the mixture into a magnetic stirrer to stir to prepare 1.5 wt% of chitosan solution;
3) mixing 0.1 g of biomass carbon powder obtained in the step 1) and the solution obtained in the step 2) according to a mass ratio of 1: 20, mixing, uniformly stirring, and then placing in a freeze dryer for freeze drying to prepare the biomass aerogel; and neutralizing and curing for 2h by 0.1-0.5 mol/L ammonia water or NaOH solution, then repeatedly washing with deionized water to neutrality to obtain the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material, and transferring into a culture dish with deionized water for storage. The freeze dryer operating settings were as follows:
1) the parameter of the Freezing step is pre-Freezing for 5 hours at the temperature of minus 48 ℃;
2) the step of Freezing and arm Up is to heat the cavity of the mechanical pump to-48 ℃ for 15 min;
3) drying at the cavity temperature of-48 ℃ and the vacuum degree of 0.04mbar for 23h in the 'Main-Drying' step;
4) drying at 0.630mbar in a chamber temperature of +25 ℃ for 2h under the "Final-Drying" step.
The prepared composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material can see an obvious layering phenomenon, the light absorption layer is a porous structure and a multi-stage structure which are formed by self-assembling disordered biomass carbonization powder, the chitosan layer is an ordered three-dimensional honeycomb porous structure (shown in figure 1), and the sunlight absorption rate of the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material is 91.29% (shown in figure 2) within the range of 250-2500 nm.
Example 2:
reference example 1 was repeated except that the carbonization temperature in step 1) was 500 ℃.
The prepared composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material can see an obvious layering phenomenon, the light absorption layer is a porous structure and a multilevel structure which are formed by self-assembling disordered biomass carbonization powder, the pore structure of plants reserved inside carbon powder particles is favorable for the escape of water vapor, the chitosan layer is an ordered three-dimensional honeycomb porous structure (as shown in figure 3), and the sunlight absorption rate of the composite aerogel in the range of 250-2500 nm is 96.26% (as shown in figure 4).
Example 3:
reference example 1 was repeated, except that the carbonization temperature in step 1) was 700 ℃.
The prepared composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material can see an obvious layering phenomenon, the light absorption layer is disordered biomass carbonization powder, the original pipeline of a plant is reserved in the light absorption layer, the light absorption layer is of a three-dimensional honeycomb porous structure, the chitosan layer is of an ordered three-dimensional honeycomb porous structure (as shown in figure 5), and the sunlight absorption rate of the composite aerogel is 95.42% within the range of 250-2500 nm (as shown in figure 6).
Example 4:
reference example 1 was repeated except that the carbonization temperature in step 1) was 900 ℃.
The prepared composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material can see an obvious layering phenomenon, the light absorption layer is disordered biomass carbonization powder, the original pipeline of a plant is reserved in the light absorption layer, the light absorption layer is of a three-dimensional honeycomb porous structure, the chitosan layer is of an ordered three-dimensional honeycomb porous structure (as shown in figure 7), and the sunlight absorption rate of the composite aerogel is 95.99% within the range of 250-2500 nm (as shown in figure 8).
Example 5: steam generation experiment:
the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material obtained in the embodiments 1 to 4 of the invention is placed in a groove of a self-made experimental device (see fig. 9) to be subjected to photothermal steam test, and certain steam is generated. As shown in fig. 9, the experimental apparatus includes a water storage container 2 filled with water, a polyethylene foam layer 1 wrapped around the water storage container 2 as a heat insulation layer, and a dust-free fiber paper 3 as a water delivery channel, and further includes a groove 4 at the top end of the polyethylene foam layer for placing the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material, the lower end of the dust-free fiber paper 3 is immersed in the water storage container 2, and the upper end of the dust-free fiber paper penetrates through the polyethylene foam layer 1 and is connected with the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material in the groove 4 to construct a two-dimensional water channel.
The specific experimental conditions were as follows:
the steam liquid is 40ml of deionized water, and the light intensity is 1kW m after the light is filtered by an AM1.5 light filter by a simulated sunlight light source-2The humidity is 50 +/-2%, and the temperature is 25 +/-1 ℃ under the laboratory environment for 1 h.
The steam generation rate is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 steam Generation Experimental data
Example 6: simulation of seawater desalination experiment:
the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material obtained in the embodiment 3 of the invention is placed in a groove (as shown in fig. 9) of a self-made experimental device for photothermal steam test, and certain steam is generated.
The specific experimental conditions were as follows:
the vapor liquid is 40ml of 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, and the light intensity is 1kWm after the light source of the simulated sunlight is filtered by an AM1.5 optical filter-2The humidity is 50 +/-2%, and the temperature is 25 +/-1 ℃ under the laboratory environment for 1 h.
As shown in example 3, the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material has good sunlight absorption capacity and a three-dimensional porous structure, so that the biomass composite hydrogel obtains an excellent simulated seawater steam generation rate, as shown in FIG. 10, the steam rate is stable within 15min, and 1.39kgm is obtained-2h-1The evaporation rate can be used for seawater desalination.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) drying the waste biomass material at 60-100 ℃, carbonizing at 300-900 ℃, grinding, and sieving with a 120-mesh sieve to obtain biomass carbon powder; the biomass material is selected from any one of roots, stems, leaves, seeds, pericarp and fruits of a plant;
2) dissolving chitosan powder in 2wt% acetic acid solution to prepare 1-2 wt% chitosan solution;
mixing the biomass carbon powder obtained in the step 1) and the chitosan solution obtained in the step 2) according to a mass ratio of 1: 10-40, mixing, and placing in a freeze dryer for freeze drying or supercritical drying for 30-40 h to prepare the biomass aerogel; and then neutralizing and curing the mixture by 0.1-0.5 mol/L ammonia water or NaOH solution, and cleaning the mixture to be neutral by using deionized water to obtain the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material.
2. The method for preparing the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material according to claim 1, wherein the fruit peel is selected from any one of shaddock peel, coconut shell, banana peel and watermelon peel.
3. The preparation method of the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material according to claim 1, wherein when the biomass material is selected from shaddock peel, the step 1) is: placing the waste shaddock peel into a forced air drying oven for drying at a constant temperature of 60-100 ℃, weighing 5-10 g of dried shaddock peel, placing the weighed shaddock peel into a vacuum tube furnace, introducing nitrogen as protective gas, carbonizing the shaddock peel at 500-900 ℃ at a flow rate of 20sccm and a heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3-5 hours; the carbonized shaddock peel was ground in an agate mortar and sieved through a 120-mesh stainless steel mesh.
4. The application of the composite biomass aerogel photothermal conversion material prepared by the preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized by being used for seawater desalination and sewage treatment.
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| CN111453801A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-07-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Bio-based photo-thermal conversion material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111747747B (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-03-18 | 重庆大学 | Preparation method, product and application of carbon-based material with bionic fractal structure based on shaddock peel |
| CN112500586B (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2022-11-22 | 陕西科技大学 | Double-layer-anisotropic-structure chitosan-based gel material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112915935B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-06-21 | 合肥工业大学 | Bionic magnetic fibroin-based composite aerogel, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113023812B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2022-03-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material and preparation method thereof |
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| US11502323B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
| US11502322B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
| CN115594879B (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-12-08 | 华南理工大学 | Biomass-based composite aerogel with nano metal enhanced photothermal effect and preparation and application thereof |
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