CN113023812B - Copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113023812B CN113023812B CN202110230817.8A CN202110230817A CN113023812B CN 113023812 B CN113023812 B CN 113023812B CN 202110230817 A CN202110230817 A CN 202110230817A CN 113023812 B CN113023812 B CN 113023812B
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
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Abstract
The invention discloses a copper-carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material and a preparation method thereof. According to the invention, the copper ions in the copper-containing waste liquid are treated by an adsorption method and recycled, so that the waste is effectively recycled, and the problems of complex preparation and high cost of the current photothermal conversion material are effectively solved. The invention realizes high-efficiency light absorption by utilizing wastes and has wide application prospect. Meanwhile, in the field of solar heat utilization, the cellulose polyacrylamide hydrogel prepared by the invention can be cut into any shape, has good porous structure and floating performance, and has the evaporation rate of up to 1.80 kg m under the intensity of sunlight‑2 h‑1And high-efficiency solar evaporation is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solar heat utilization, in particular to a copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Solar energy is taken as an energy source in the 21 st century, is clean, sustainable and large in storage capacity, and is a research hotspot of current scholars. The utilization of solar energy is mainly divided into photo-thermal utilization and photoelectric utilization. Among them, photo-thermal utilization, also called photo-thermal conversion, is the simplest, most direct and most efficient way for human to utilize solar energy by focusing, directly absorbing or otherwise converting the radiant energy of the sun into thermal energy using a specific device to meet different needs. The solar photo-thermal conversion technology is widely applied to photo-thermal power generation, photo-thermal energy storage, seawater desalination, sewage treatment and the like.
Since the solar radiation energy is distributed in the range of 280-4000 nm (wherein 400-2500 nm accounts for about 99%), and the radiation power density is low, the key of the photothermal conversion technology lies in how to efficiently collect solar energy, wherein broadband and efficient light absorption are prerequisites for realizing efficient photothermal conversion. Currently, high-performance photothermal conversion materials have received much attention, and mainly include plasmon-based light absorption materials mainly including Au, Ag, CuO, and carbon-based light absorption materials mainly including carbon black, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and the like.
With the rapid development of economy and the gradual progress of technology, the yield of printed circuit boards is rapidly increased, and the production process of the printed circuit boards causes a large amount of waste liquid containing copper ions, thereby bringing serious threat to the surrounding environment. At present, the effect of treating the waste liquid containing copper ions by adopting an adsorption method is better, but the subsequent recovery and resource utilization of the copper-containing organic solid waste generated after adsorption need to be further enhanced.
The copper-containing compound has a strong light absorption characteristic in a visible-near infrared spectral region, the carbon-based material has ultrahigh stability and light absorption, and broadband and efficient light absorption can be realized by combining the copper-containing compound with the carbon-based material. In conclusion, the invention starts from the treatment of the waste liquid containing copper ions, chitin derivatives are adopted to absorb the copper ions, and the obtained copper-containing organic solid waste is carbonized to obtain the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material, so that more efficient light absorption is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows:
aiming at the defects of the prior art, the application provides a copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material and a preparation method thereof, the preparation cost is low, the light absorption rate is improved, and the problem that the generation of a large amount of copper-containing ion waste liquid brings serious threat to the surrounding environment and the like is solved.
Technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the application is realized by the following technical scheme:
the copper-carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material is prepared by preparing an adsorbent by adopting a chitin derivative, and performing carbonization treatment after copper ions are adsorbed to obtain the copper-carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material.
Preferably, the concentration of the copper ion solution is 200 mg L-1。
Preferably, the copper ion-containing solution is Cu (NO)3)2Stock solution or CuSO4One or more of the original solutions.
Preferably, the prepared copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material is a carbon-based light absorption material or a plasmon-based light absorption material.
Preferably, in the adsorption process, the adsorption time is 6 h.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material, which comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing an adsorbent: firstly, weighing chitin derivatives, adding the chitin derivatives into saturated monoacid, wherein the mass ratio of the chitin derivatives to the saturated monoacid is 1:1-3, magnetically stirring at the rotating speed of 100 r/min until the chitin derivatives are completely dissolved, adding an aldehyde cross-linking agent for cross-linking, wherein the mass ratio of the aldehyde cross-linking agent to the chitin derivatives is 1:10-20, and freeze-drying; putting the dried crosslinking body into a detergent, and removing redundant saturated monoacid to obtain a formed carbon-based porous adsorbent;
step two, preparing the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material: firstly, preparing simulated copper ion-containing waste liquid, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.0, putting a carbon-based porous adsorbent, performing air-blast drying on the obtained copper-containing organic solid waste for 8 hours after copper ion adsorption is completed, wherein the air-blast drying temperature is 70-95 ℃, performing carbonization treatment in a tubular furnace, and obtaining the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material through rolling and screening.
Preferably, in the first step, the process of formulating the detergent is: dissolving inorganic strong base in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the product, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic strong base to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 0.1-0.3%.
Preferably, said firstIn the second step, the preparation process of the simulated copper ion-containing waste liquid is as follows: weighing high-purity copper powder to react with nitric acid solution and/or sulfuric acid solution to prepare 1000 mg L-1Adding deionized water with different volumes to dilute the original solution; the carbonization treatment temperature is 400-600 ℃, the calcination is carried out for 2 h in the nitrogen atmosphere, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the temperature is reduced to 250 ℃ in the nitrogen atmosphere, the constant temperature is kept for 1 h in the air atmosphere, and the natural cooling is carried out; the screening mesh number is 200 meshes.
Advantageous effects
The application provides a copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material and a preparation method thereof, and the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material has the following beneficial effects:
1. the chitin derivative is used for preparing the adsorption material with good adsorption performance for treating the copper ion-containing waste liquid, and the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material is obtained by carbonizing the adsorbed copper-containing organic solid waste, is used for solar heat utilization, and realizes organic combination of waste resource utilization and new energy technology.
2. The method adopts an adsorption method to treat the waste liquid containing the copper ions and reprocess the waste liquid, thereby effectively realizing the resource utilization of the waste.
3. The photo-thermal conversion material is prepared by utilizing wastes, and the problems of complexity and high cost of the current photo-thermal conversion material are effectively solved.
4. This application adopts the carbonization processing technique to prepare out the compound high-efficient light and heat conversion material of copper-containing carbon base after adsorbing the copper ion, and it has the high-efficient light absorption characteristic of broadband of carbon base light absorption material and plasmon base light absorption material's infrared response characteristic simultaneously, has promoted the light absorption rate, has wide application prospect in the solar thermal energy utilization field.
5. The application applies the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material to the field of seawater desalination, and prepares the cellulose polyacrylamide hydrogel. The hydrogel can be cut into any shape, has good porous structure and floating property, and has an evaporation rate of 1.80 kg m under the intensity of sunlight-2 h-1The solar energy evaporation device realizes the high-efficiency solar energy evaporation,has good application value.
6. Different functions can be realized by carrying out different preparation and utilization on the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material. The realized functions include one or more of seawater desalination, sewage treatment, photo-thermal power generation and photo-thermal energy storage in the field of solar heat utilization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of copper ion adsorption according to the present application.
Fig. 2 is SEM and EDS test charts of the copper-containing carbon-based composite high-efficiency photothermal conversion material of the present application.
FIG. 3 is an XRD test chart of the copper-carbon-based composite high-efficiency photothermal conversion material.
FIG. 4 is a graph of the spectral absorption of a cellulose polyacrylamide hydrogel of the present application.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the specification.
The materials and reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available products unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
in this example, the chitin derivative is chitosan, and the copper ion-containing solution is Cu (NO)3)2The original solution has the function of seawater desalination, the saturated monoacid is acetic acid, the aldehyde crosslinking agent is glutaraldehyde, and the inorganic strong base is NaOH.
A preparation method of a copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing an adsorbent: firstly, 1 g of chitosan is weighed and added into 50 mL of acetic acid solution with the mass fraction of 2%, and the mixture is magnetically stirred until the chitosan is completely dissolved. Adding 5 mL of glutaraldehyde solution with the mass fraction of 1%, continuously stirring for 30 min for crosslinking, freezing for 12 h for molding, and then putting into a freeze drying oven for freeze drying for 48 h. Adding 0.1 g of NaOH into 100 mL of absolute ethanol solution to prepare a detergent, putting the dried crosslinking body into the detergent, shaking for 2 h to remove redundant acetic acid, and obtaining a formed carbon-based porous adsorbent;
step two, preparing the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material: firstly weighing 1 g of high-purity copper powder to react with 1 mol/L nitric acid solution, transferring the solution into a 1L volumetric flask after the reaction is completed to prepare 1000 mg L-1Adding deionized water to dilute the solution to 200 mg L-1And adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.0. Placing a carbon-based porous adsorbent into Cu (NO)3)2The original solution is adsorbed for 6 h to saturation, and the substance in the process of adsorbing copper ions is shown in figure 1. And then, putting the adsorbed carbon-based porous adsorbent into an air-blast drying oven, and drying at 80 ℃ for 8 h. Then calcining the copper-carbon-based composite high-efficiency photothermal conversion material in a tubular furnace at 550 ℃ for 2 h in the nitrogen atmosphere at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, cooling to 250 ℃ in the nitrogen atmosphere, keeping the temperature constant for 1 h in the air atmosphere, naturally cooling, and screening after rolling to obtain the copper-carbon-based composite high-efficiency photothermal conversion material;
SEM and EDS test images of the prepared copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material are shown in figure 2, and SEM (scanning electron microscope) images show that the particle size of the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material is about 30 mu m and is in a porous structure; after the carbon-based porous adsorbent after adsorption is calcined, copper particles are activated, and the copper particles are uniformly distributed on the surface of the material and form pores with larger diameters at the position where the copper particles are gathered. As can be seen from the EDS (X-ray spectroscopy) results, N, O, Cu is uniformly distributed on the surface of the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material. FIG. 3 is an XRD test chart of the copper-containing carbon-based composite high-efficiency photothermal conversion material, and it can be seen that absorption peaks at 36.5 DEG and 39.8 DEG correspond to CuO, and absorption peaks at 37.2 DEG and 43.1 DEG correspond to Cu2O, indicating that the absorbed copper ions are CuO and Cu in the copper-containing carbon-based composite high-efficiency photothermal conversion material2The form of O exists.
Step three, preparing cellulose polyacrylamide hydrogel: firstly, 2 g of acrylamide and 0.03 g N g of N-methylene bisacrylamide are respectively weighed and placed in a beaker, 5 mL of deionized water is added, and the mixture is magnetically stirred at 200 r/min until the solution becomes clear and transparent. 0.08 g of polyethylene glycol diacrylate is added dropwise, 0.1 g of ammonium persulfate is added, and stirring is continued for 30 min to obtain a solution A. Then respectively weighing 20 g of cellulose homogenate, 10 mL of deionized water and magnetic stirring at 1000 r/min for 30 min. 10 g of a 5 wt% polyvinyl alcohol solution was added to the solution and stirring was continued for 1 hour to obtain solution B. And adding 0.3 g of copper-carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material into the solution B, stirring at 800 r/min for 30 min, dropwise adding the solution A, adding 4 g of sodium bicarbonate, and fully stirring for 2 h. And finally, placing the mixed solution in a forced air drying oven, fully crosslinking and foaming for 40 min at 85 ℃ to obtain the cellulose polyacrylamide hydrogel with the porous structure.
The absorption spectrum of the prepared cellulose polyacrylamide hydrogel is shown in figure 4, and it can be seen that the light absorption rate of the hydrogel loaded with the copper-carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material is greatly improved compared with that of the blank hydrogel, the wavelength of the hydrogel reaches 95-98% at the wavelength of 2500 nm, and broadband and efficient light absorption is realized.
The solar energy is applied to the field of seawater desalination, the problems of high energy consumption, high cost, high pollution and the like of the traditional seawater desalination technology can be effectively solved, and the solar energy has wide application prospect in relieving global water crisis. The copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material prepared by the invention is prepared into the cellulose polyacrylamide hydrogel, integrates three functions of light absorption, water transmission and thermal fixation, and is used for carrying out photothermal evaporation experiments, so that efficient solar evaporation is realized.
Example 2:
in this example, the chitin derivative is chitosan, and the copper ion-containing solution is Cu (NO)3)2The original solution has the function of seawater desalination, the saturated monoacid is acetic acid, the aldehyde crosslinking agent is glutaraldehyde, and the inorganic strong base is NaOH.
The preparation method of the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material is the same as that in example 1, except that the mass fraction of acetic acid is 6%.
Example 3:
in this example, the chitin derivative is chitosan, and the copper ion-containing solution is Cu (NO)3)2The original solution has the function of seawater desalination, the saturated monoacid is acetic acid, the aldehyde crosslinking agent is glutaraldehyde,the inorganic strong base is NaOH.
The preparation method of the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material is the same as that in example 1, except that the mass fraction of the glutaraldehyde solution is 0.5%.
Example 4:
in this example, the chitin derivative is chitosan, and the copper ion-containing solution is Cu (NO)3)2The original solution has the function of seawater desalination, the saturated monoacid is acetic acid, the aldehyde crosslinking agent is glutaraldehyde, and the inorganic strong base is NaOH.
The preparation method of the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material is the same as that in example 1, except that the forced air drying temperature is 70 ℃.
Example 5:
in this example, the chitin derivative is chitosan, and the copper ion-containing solution is Cu (NO)3)2The original solution has the function of seawater desalination, the saturated monoacid is acetic acid, the aldehyde crosslinking agent is glutaraldehyde, and the inorganic strong base is NaOH.
The preparation method of the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material is the same as that in example 1, except that the mass ratio of NaOH to absolute ethyl alcohol is 0.3%.
Example 6:
in this example, the chitin derivative is chitosan, and the copper ion-containing solution is Cu (NO)3)2The original solution has the function of seawater desalination, the saturated monoacid is acetic acid, the aldehyde crosslinking agent is glutaraldehyde, and the inorganic strong base is NaOH.
The preparation method of the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material is the same as that in example 1, except that the calcination temperature is 400 ℃.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and all changes and modifications made according to the claims of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention, and the protection scope claimed in the present invention shall be indicated by the claims of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. The copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material is characterized in that: preparing an adsorbent by using a chitin derivative, adsorbing copper ions, and carbonizing to obtain a copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material; the preparation method of the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing an adsorbent: firstly, weighing chitin derivatives, adding the chitin derivatives into saturated monoacid, wherein the mass ratio of the chitin derivatives to the saturated monoacid is 1:1-3, and magnetically stirring at the rotating speed of 100 r/min until the chitin derivatives and the saturated monoacid are completely dissolved; adding an aldehyde crosslinking agent for crosslinking, wherein the mass ratio of the aldehyde crosslinking agent to the chitin derivative is 1:10-20, and freeze-drying; putting the dried crosslinking body into a detergent, and removing redundant saturated monoacid to obtain a formed carbon-based porous adsorbent;
step two, preparing the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material: firstly, preparing simulated copper ion-containing waste liquid, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-6.0, putting a carbon-based porous adsorbent, performing air-blast drying on the obtained copper-containing organic solid waste for 8 hours after copper ion adsorption is completed, wherein the air-blast drying temperature is 70-95 ℃, performing carbonization treatment in a tubular furnace, and obtaining the copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material through rolling and screening.
2. The copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material according to claim 1, wherein: the concentration of the copper ion solution is 200 mg L-1。
3. The copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material according to claim 1, wherein: the copper ion-containing solution is Cu (NO)3)2Stock solution or CuSO4One or more of the original solutions.
4. The copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material according to claim 1, wherein: the prepared copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material is a carbon-based light absorption material or a plasmon-based light absorption material.
5. The copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material according to claim 1, wherein: in the adsorption process, the adsorption time is 6 h.
6. The copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the preparation process of the detergent is as follows: dissolving inorganic strong base in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain the product, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic strong base to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 0.1-0.3%.
7. The copper-containing carbon-based composite efficient photothermal conversion material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the preparation process of the simulated copper ion-containing waste liquid is as follows: weighing high-purity copper powder to react with nitric acid solution and/or sulfuric acid solution to prepare 1000 mg L-1Adding deionized water with different volumes to dilute the original solution; the carbonization treatment temperature is 400-600 ℃, the calcination is carried out for 2 h in the nitrogen atmosphere, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the temperature is reduced to 250 ℃ in the nitrogen atmosphere, the constant temperature is kept for 1 h in the air atmosphere, and the natural cooling is carried out; the screening mesh number is 200 meshes.
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