CN110745872A - Spherical porous high specific capacitance composite electrode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Spherical porous high specific capacitance composite electrode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229910003119 ZnCo2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-adamantyl)-3-aminothiourea Chemical compound C1C(C2)CC3CC2CC1(NC(=S)NN)C3 XIOUDVJTOYVRTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium fluoride Chemical compound [NH4+].[F-] LDDQLRUQCUTJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910019891 RuCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Cobaltates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G55/00—Compounds of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum
- C01G55/004—Oxides; Hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/46—Metal oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrode materials of supercapacitors, and particularly relates to a spherical porous high-specific-capacitance composite electrode material for a supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof. With zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn (NO)3)2·6H2O), cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co (NO)3)2·6H2O）、NH4F and CO (NH)2)2Is used as a raw material to obtain ZnCo by a hydrothermal method2O4A precursor; then passing through the dried ZnCo2O4Adding RuCl into the precursor3Powder of ZnCo impregnated with ions by impregnation2O4Inside the precursor, and finally calcining at high temperature to prepare the compositeAn electrode material. Finally, it was found that in RuCl3When the addition amount is 3%, the specific capacitance reaches 814F/g. In ZnCo2O4Adding a proper amount of RuCl into the precursor3The capacitance performance of the electrode can be effectively improved, and the electrode has good cycling stability and rate performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrode materials of supercapacitors, and particularly relates to a spherical porous high-specific-capacitance composite electrode material for a supercapacitor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The super capacitor is a brand new energy storage device, and attracts attention due to excellent performances such as long cycle life, high specific capacitance, high charging and discharging speed, environmental friendliness and the like. Electrode materials are one of the important factors affecting the performance of supercapacitors. At present, the electrode active material of the super capacitor mainly comprises a carbon-based electrode material, a conductive polymer material, a metal oxide and a composite electrode material.
Transition metal oxides and hydroxides have been extensively studied because of their high theoretical specific capacitance. Zinc cobaltate (ZnCo)2O4) The unique pore-size structure and the larger specific surface make the electrode active material of the super capacitor with great development prospect. However, ZnCo alone2O4The electrode material has low energy density, fails to provide higher specific capacitance and has poor reversibility. Thus ZnCo is reacted with2O4The combination with a material having good conductivity or high energy density has been a research focus in recent years. At present, MnO is mainly adopted2Modification of ZnCo by isometal oxides to form core-shell structures2O4But also has the disadvantages of complex preparation process and non-uniform appearanceEasy control and the like.
RuO2Has the advantages of high specific capacitance, strong reversibility of charge and discharge characteristics, excellent conductivity and the like. In ZnCo2O4Adding a small amount of RuO2Establishment of RuO with Excellent conductivity and capacitive Properties2Connecting ZnCo2O4The bridge between the particles utilizes the synergistic effect between the two materials to prepare the electrode material with more excellent performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the ZnCo at present2O4The problems of the preparation process, the appearance, the electrochemical performance, the charge storage capacity and the like of the composite electrode material are solved, and the ZnCo composite electrode material is provided2O4/RuO2Spherical porous high specific capacitance composite electrode material and preparation method thereof, and ZnCo prepared by the invention2O4/RuO2The electrode has high specific capacitance and cycling stability, strong charge storage capacity and simple preparation process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
ZnCo2O4/RuO2The spherical porous high specific capacitance composite electrode material and the preparation method thereof mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) taking zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn (NO)3)2·6H2O), cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co (NO)3)2·6H2O）、NH4F and CO (NH)2)2Dissolving the mixture in deionized water, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 150-160 ℃ for 6-8 h to obtain ZnCo2O4A precursor;
(2) taking appropriate amount of ZnCo2O4Adding RuCl into the precursor3The powder was dispersed in ethanol and evaporated to dryness. Finally calcining the powder at 400-450 ℃ for 2-4 h to prepare an electrode material;
(3) taking an electrode material, acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene according to a mass ratio of 80: 15: 5, mixing uniformly, and coating the slurry on the processed foamed nickel to obtain different RuOs2Content of ZnCo2O4/RuO2And an electrode.
Wherein in the step (1), zinc nitrate hexahydrate Zn (NO)3)2·6H2O, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate Co (NO)3)2·6H2O、NH4F and CO (NH)2)2According to the weight ratio of 1.5: 3: 2: 6 molar ratio.
Wherein RuCl is taken in the step (2)3The composite electrode material comprises x% of the total mass of the composite electrode material, wherein the value range of x is (1-10).
The results show that with RuO2The specific capacitance of the electrode increases first and then decreases with increasing addition amount, and RuO is added2The mass fraction of (3%) was found to be 814F/g. Due to RuO2And ZnCo2O4The synergistic effect of (A) is that ZnCo2O4/RuO2The microstructure of the electrode and the charging and discharging process are greatly influenced. Adding RuO2The conductivity of the composite material is remarkably enhanced, and the transfer of electrons is promoted, so that the RuO is followed at the beginning2With the addition of (3), the specific capacitance of the electrode tends to increase. When RuO is present2When the amount of addition is increased to 6%, the specific capacitance is remarkably decreased. Thus preparing ZnCo2O4/RuO2When the electrode is selected, the proper RuO is selected2The addition amount is so large that the specific capacitance is kept large and the resources are saved, so that the electrode material with excellent performance is prepared.
The invention has the following remarkable advantages:
the material of the invention is ZnCo2O4Adding a proper amount of RuCl into the precursor3The capacitance performance of the electrode can be effectively improved, and the electrode has good cycling stability and rate performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 ZnCo2O4/RuO2An EDS map;
FIG. 2 different RuOs2Content prepared ZnCo2O4/RuO2Constant current charge and discharge curves of the electrodes;
FIG. 3 different RuOs2Content prepared ZnCo2O4/RuO2Specific capacitance change of electrodeCurve transformation;
FIG. 4 different RuO at scanning speed of 5mv/s2Content prepared ZnCo2O4/RuO2Cyclic voltammogram of the electrode.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
(1) 0.4472g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn (NO)3)2·6H2O), 0.8740g of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co (NO)3)2·6H2O）、0.0755g NH4F and 0.3616g CO (NH)2)2Dissolving in deionized water, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 150 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain ZnCo2O4A precursor;
(2) taking 0.0420g of ZnCo2O4Adding 0.0013g RuCl into the precursor3The powder was dispersed in ethanol and evaporated to dryness. Calcining the powder at 400 ℃ for 3h to prepare the electrode material.
(3) Taking an electrode material, acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene according to a mass ratio of 80: 15: 5, uniformly mixing, and finally coating the slurry on the treated foamed nickel to obtain RuO2ZnCo with mass fraction of 3%2O4/RuO2And an electrode.
Example 2
(1) 0.4472g of zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn (NO)3)2·6H2O), 0.8740g of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co (NO)3)2·6H2O）、0.0755g NH4F and 0.3616g CO (NH)2)2Dissolving in deionized water, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 150 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain ZnCo2O4A precursor;
(2) taking 0.0204g of ZnCo2O4Adding 0.0013g RuCl into the precursor3The powder was dispersed in ethanol and evaporated to dryness. Calcining the powder at 400 ℃ for 3h to prepare the electrode material.
(3) Taking electrode material, acetylene blackThe mass ratio of the polytetrafluoroethylene is 80: 15: 5, uniformly mixing, and finally coating the slurry on the treated foamed nickel to obtain RuO2ZnCo with mass fraction of 6%2O4/RuO2And an electrode.
FIG. 1 is ZnCo2O4/RuO2EDS diagram, it can be seen that Co is uniformly distributed, and Zn and Ru elements are mainly concentrated in spherical ZnCo2O4The above.
FIG. 2 shows different RuOs2Content prepared ZnCo2O4/RuO2The constant current charge and discharge curve of the electrode under 1A/g, and the voltage range is 0-0.5V. FIG. 3 shows different RuOs2Content prepared ZnCo2O4/RuO2Specific capacitance curve of the electrode. Specific capacitance of the electrode in RuO2The maximum value is reached at an addition level of 3%, at which the specific capacitance of the electrode is 814F/g, without addition of RuO2ZnCo of2O4/RuO2The specific capacitance of the electrode is only 666F/g, and 3 percent RuO is added2The performance of the electrode is improved by 22%.
FIG. 4 shows different RuOs2Content prepared ZnCo2O4/RuO2Cyclic voltammograms of the electrode at a sweep rate of 5 mV/s. The redox peak of the electrode is obvious, and good pseudocapacitance characteristics are reflected.
Claims (8)
1. ZnCo2O4/RuO2The preparation method of the spherical porous high specific capacitance composite electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: with zinc nitrate hexahydrate Zn (NO)3)2·6H2O, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate Co (NO)3)2·6H2O、NH4F and CO (NH)2)2Is used as a raw material to obtain ZnCo by a hydrothermal method2O4A precursor; then passing through the dried ZnCo2O4Adding RuCl into the precursor3Powder of ZnCo impregnated with ions by impregnation2O4And finally, calcining the precursor at high temperature to prepare the composite electrode material.
2. According to claim 1ZnCo as described2O4/RuO2The preparation method of the spherical porous high specific capacitance composite electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) zinc nitrate hexahydrate Zn (NO)3)2·6H2O, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (Co (NO)3)2·6H2O）、NH4F and CO (NH)2)2Dissolving in deionized water, and carrying out hydrothermal reaction to obtain ZnCo2O4A precursor;
(2) taking appropriate amount of ZnCo2O4Adding RuCl into the precursor3Dispersing the powder in ethanol, evaporating to dryness, and calcining the powder at high temperature to obtain an electrode material;
(3) uniformly mixing an electrode material, acetylene black and polytetrafluoroethylene, and coating the slurry on the treated foamed nickel to obtain ZnCo with different ruthenium oxide contents2O4/RuO2And an electrode.
3. ZnCo as claimed in claim 22O4/RuO2The preparation method of the spherical porous high specific capacitance composite electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction in the step (1) is 150-160 ℃, and the reaction time is 6-8 h.
4. ZnCo as claimed in claim 22O4/RuO2The preparation method of the spherical porous high specific capacitance composite electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: zinc nitrate hexahydrate Zn (NO) in step (1)3)2·6H2O, cobalt nitrate hexahydrate Co (NO)3)2·6H2O、NH4F and CO (NH)2)2According to the weight ratio of 1.5: 3: 2: 6 molar ratio.
5. ZnCo as claimed in claim 22O4/RuO2The preparation method of the spherical porous high specific capacitance composite electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: obtaining RuCl in step (2)3The material accounts for the total mass of the composite electrode materialThe amount fraction is x%, wherein the value range of x is (1-10).
6. ZnCo as claimed in claim 22O4/RuO2The preparation method of the spherical porous high specific capacitance composite electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2), the calcining temperature is set to be 400-450 ℃, and the calcining time is 2-4 h.
7. ZnCo as claimed in claim 22O4/RuO2The preparation method of the spherical porous high specific capacitance composite electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (3), the mass ratio of the electrode material to the acetylene black to the polytetrafluoroethylene is 80: 15: 5.
8. ZnCo prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 72O4/RuO2A spherical porous high specific capacitance composite electrode material.
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- 2019-11-29 CN CN201911196525.6A patent/CN110745872A/en active Pending
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| CN101182188A (en) * | 2007-11-23 | 2008-05-21 | 福州大学 | Method for preparing nano-grade rutile phase RuO2-SnO2 oxide |
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Application publication date: 20200204 |