CN110732315B - Activated carbon adsorption material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in field of catalytic decomposition of organic pollutants - Google Patents

Activated carbon adsorption material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in field of catalytic decomposition of organic pollutants Download PDF

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CN110732315B
CN110732315B CN201911096163.3A CN201911096163A CN110732315B CN 110732315 B CN110732315 B CN 110732315B CN 201911096163 A CN201911096163 A CN 201911096163A CN 110732315 B CN110732315 B CN 110732315B
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activated carbon
starch
formaldehyde
copper
adsorption material
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赵艳星
赵伟
张焜勇
王东元
朱凌君
赵连芳
王金威
卫田青
裴毅飞
苏思勐
梁靖
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Beijing Ares Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides an activated carbon adsorption material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in the field of catalytic decomposition of organic pollutants. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out a first grinding process on copper manganate and starch to obtain modified starch; and mixing the modified starch with the activated carbon to perform a second grinding process to obtain the activated carbon adsorption material. The activated carbon adsorption material prepared by the method has better adsorption performance, and is more favorable for the contact of copper manganite and formaldehyde after adsorption, so that the copper manganite has better capability of catalyzing and decomposing formaldehyde.

Description

Activated carbon adsorption material, preparation method thereof and application thereof in field of catalytic decomposition of organic pollutants
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of air purification, in particular to an activated carbon adsorption material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in the field of catalytic decomposition of organic pollutants.
Background
People spend most of the time indoors every day in daily life, so the indoor air quality directly influences the life health of people. The formaldehyde is one of main pollutants in indoor air, is colorless, has strong pungent smell, and has the characteristics of general pollution, long pollution time and the like. The main sources of formaldehyde are decorative materials, paints, polymeric boards in combination furniture, adhesives, chemical fiber carpets, and the like. When the formaldehyde gas is contacted for a long time at a low concentration, the digestive function can be reduced, excitation, tremor, visual disturbance, facial nerve paralysis and sciatic nerve pain can occur; high concentrations of formaldehyde can lead to headache, nausea, rhinitis, pharyngitis, emphysema, lung cancer and even death. Therefore, the problem of indoor formaldehyde pollution needs to be solved urgently.
Currently, the most common method for removing formaldehyde is adsorption, which has the advantages of easy operation, regeneration, etc., wherein the most common adsorbent is activated carbon. The conventional activated carbon selectively adsorbs non-polar substances, and has weak adsorption capacity on formaldehyde (polar molecules). In order to improve the formaldehyde adsorption capacity, there are many methods, mainly chemical methods or physical methods. The surface chemical property of the activated carbon is changed mainly by changing functional groups on the surface of the activated carbon and surface-loaded ions and compounds through a certain method, so that the surface chemical property is changed to improve the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The method for modifying the surface chemical property of the activated carbon can be divided into the following steps: surface oxidation, surface reduction, atom and compound loading, acid-base methods, and the like. Different modification methods are combined to modify the activated carbon in the modification process, so that a better modification effect is achieved. The physical method mainly comprises a thermal shrinkage method, a dipping covering method, a gas phase pyrolysis hole plugging method and the like to achieve the purposes of opening, expanding holes, creating new holes, increasing specific surface area and pore size distribution, enlarging or reducing pore size and changing the surface structure of the activated carbon. However, the activated carbon modified by these methods still does not achieve the desired effect, and particularly, the efficiency of adsorbing and catalytically decomposing formaldehyde still needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide an activated carbon adsorption material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in the field of catalytic decomposition of organic pollutants, so as to solve the problems of poor adsorption performance and poor formaldehyde catalytic decomposition efficiency of the existing activated carbon catalyst.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing an activated carbon adsorption material, the method comprising: carrying out a first grinding process on copper manganate and starch to obtain modified starch; and mixing the modified starch with the activated carbon to perform a second grinding process to obtain the activated carbon adsorption material.
Further, the weight ratio of the copper manganite to the starch is 1 (0.01-0.1); preferably, the particle size of the copper manganate is 10-50 μm.
Further, the rotating speed of a grinding device adopted in the first grinding process is 30-90 r/min, and the grinding time is 30-60 min; preferably, the milling device is selected from a horizontal ball mill or a planetary high energy ball mill.
Furthermore, the weight ratio of the modified starch to the active carbon is 1 (10-40).
Furthermore, the rotation speed of the grinding device adopted in the second grinding process is 60-120 r/min, and the grinding time is 30-60 min.
Further, before the second grinding process, the preparation method further comprises: and (4) removing impurities from the activated carbon.
Further, the impurity removal treatment step comprises: the activated carbon was dried under vacuum.
Further, in the impurity removal step, the temperature of vacuum drying is 250-350 ℃, and the drying time is 60-120 min.
The other aspect of the application also provides an activated carbon adsorption material, and the activated carbon adsorption material is prepared by adopting the preparation method.
The application further provides an application of the activated carbon adsorption material in the field of catalytic decomposition of organic pollutants.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the copper manganate is a catalyst capable of promoting the decomposition of organic pollutants (such as formaldehyde), and the surface of the copper manganate powder is provided with a large number of Mn-O bonds, the surface of starch molecules is provided with a large number of O-H bonds, and the O-H bonds in the starch are easy to react with each other for dehydration. Through the first grinding process, on one hand, the particle sizes of the copper manganite and the starch can be reduced, and meanwhile, the copper manganite and the starch can be in full contact; on the other hand, Mn-O bonds on the surface of the copper manganate and O-H bonds on the surface of the starch form hydrogen bonds, and the starch can be further complexed with the Mn-O bonds after dehydration in the first grinding process, so that the starch is grafted to the surface of the copper manganate to form modified starch. In the second grinding process, O-H bonds which are not involved in the hydrogen bond combination of the copper manganate in the starch molecules on the surface of the copper manganate are dehydrated with a large number of hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups and carboxyl groups on the surface of the activated carbon to form chemical bonds, so that the activated carbon adsorption material for catalytically decomposing organic pollutants is formed. On the basis, the activated carbon adsorption material prepared by the method has better adsorption performance, and is more favorable for the contact of copper manganate and formaldehyde after adsorption, so that the copper manganate has better capability of catalytically decomposing formaldehyde.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
As described in the background art, the existing activated carbon catalysts have problems of poor adsorption performance and poor efficiency in catalytic decomposition of formaldehyde. In order to solve the technical problem, the application provides a preparation method of an activated carbon adsorption material, which comprises the following steps: carrying out a first grinding process on copper manganate and starch to obtain a starch modified product; and mixing the starch modified product with the activated carbon to perform a second grinding process to obtain the activated carbon adsorption material.
Copper manganate is a catalyst capable of promoting the decomposition of organic pollutants (such as formaldehyde), and the surface of the copper manganate powder has a large number of Mn-O bonds, the surface of starch molecules has a large number of O-H bonds, and the O-H bonds in the starch are easy to react with each other for dehydration. Through the first grinding process, on one hand, the particle sizes of the copper manganite and the starch can be reduced, and meanwhile, the copper manganite and the starch can be in full contact; on the other hand, Mn-O bonds on the surface of the copper manganate and O-H bonds on the surface of the starch form hydrogen bonds, and the starch can be further complexed with the Mn-O bonds after dehydration in the first grinding process, so that the starch is grafted to the surface of the copper manganate to form modified starch. In the second grinding process, O-H bonds which are not involved in the hydrogen bond combination of the copper manganate in the starch molecules on the surface of the copper manganate are dehydrated with a large number of hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups and carboxyl groups on the surface of the activated carbon to form chemical bonds, so that the activated carbon adsorption material for catalytically decomposing organic pollutants is formed. On the basis, the activated carbon adsorption material prepared by the method not only has good adsorption performance, but also has excellent performance of catalyzing and decomposing organic pollutants.
The activated carbon adsorption material not only has good adsorption performance, but also has excellent characteristic of catalyzing and decomposing formaldehyde. In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the copper manganate to the starch is 1 (0.01-0.1). The weight ratio of the copper manganate to the starch includes, but is not limited to, the above range, and the limitation of the weight ratio to the starch is favorable for further improving the grafting rate of the starch on the surface of the copper manganate, and further, is favorable for improving the performance of the activated carbon adsorption material in catalyzing and decomposing formaldehyde.
Preferably, the particle size of the copper manganate is 10-50 μm. The adoption of the copper manganate with the granularity range is beneficial to further improving the binding force of the starch and the copper manganate, thereby improving the stability of the starch modified copper manganate, the catalytic activity of a subsequent activated carbon adsorption material and the service life of the starch modified copper manganate.
In order to further reduce the particle size of the starch modified copper manganite and further improve the adsorption performance of the subsequent activated carbon adsorption material, preferably, the rotation speed of a grinding device adopted in the first grinding process is 30-90 r/min, and the grinding time is 30-60 min.
The above-mentioned grinding process may be carried out by a grinding apparatus commonly used in the art. Preferably, the milling apparatus is selected from the group consisting of a horizontal ball mill or a planetary high energy ball mill (e.g., Texas German instruments and Equipment Co., Ltd., four can laboratory planetary high energy ball mill, equipment type: DECO-PBM-V-0.4L).
In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of the modified starch to the activated carbon is 1 (10-40). The weight ratio of the modified starch to the activated carbon includes, but is not limited to, the above range, and the limitation of the weight ratio to the activated carbon is favorable for further improving the performance of the activated carbon adsorption material in catalyzing and decomposing formaldehyde.
In order to further improve the adsorption performance of the activated carbon adsorption material, the rotation speed of a grinding device adopted in the second grinding process is 60-120 r/min, and the grinding time is 30-60 min.
Generally, the existing activated carbon can adsorb a certain amount of impurities, which can affect the adsorption performance of the activated carbon. In order to improve the adsorption performance of the activated carbon adsorption material prepared by the present application, preferably, before the second grinding process, the preparation method further comprises: and (4) removing impurities from the activated carbon.
The impurity removal treatment process can adopt an impurity removal method commonly used in the field, and in a preferred embodiment, the impurity removal treatment step comprises: the activated carbon was dried under vacuum. The vacuum drying process can strip impurities such as dust on the surface of the activated carbon from the surface of the activated carbon, particularly, solid particles adsorbed in holes inside the activated carbon are pumped away to a certain degree, a good hole expanding effect is achieved, and the adsorption capacity is increased for the subsequent activated carbon. In order to further improve the adsorption performance of the activated carbon adsorption material, it is more preferable that the vacuum drying temperature is 250-350 ℃ and the drying time is 60-120 min in the impurity removal step.
The application also provides an activated carbon adsorption material, and the activated carbon adsorption material is prepared by the preparation method.
The copper manganate is a catalyst capable of promoting formaldehyde decomposition, a large number of Mn-O bonds are formed on the surface of the copper manganate powder, a large number of O-H bonds are formed on the surface of starch molecules, and the O-H bonds in the starch are easy to react with each other for dehydration. Through the first grinding process, on one hand, the particle sizes of the copper manganite and the starch can be reduced, and meanwhile, the copper manganite and the starch can be in full contact; on the other hand, Mn-O bonds on the surface of the copper manganate and O-H bonds on the surface of the starch form hydrogen bonds, and the starch can be further complexed with the Mn-O bonds after dehydration in the first grinding process, so that the starch is grafted to the surface of the copper manganate to form modified starch. In the second grinding process, O-H bonds which are not involved in the combination of copper manganate hydrogen bonds in starch molecules on the surface of the copper manganate are dehydrated with a large number of hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups and carboxyl groups existing on the surface of the activated carbon to form chemical bonds, so that a characteristic product for catalytically decomposing organic pollutants is formed. On the basis, the activated carbon adsorption material prepared by the method has better adsorption performance, and is more favorable for the contact of copper manganite and formaldehyde after adsorption, so that the copper manganite has better capability of catalyzing and decomposing formaldehyde.
The application further provides an application of the activated carbon adsorption material in the field of catalytic decomposition of organic pollutants.
The active carbon adsorption material has good adsorption performance and performance of catalyzing and decomposing organic pollutants, so when the active carbon adsorption material is applied to the field of catalyzing and decomposing organic pollutants, the effect is obvious.
Such organic contaminants include, but are not limited to, formaldehyde. The above-mentioned fields of catalytic decomposition of organic pollutants include, but are not limited to, the field of air purification.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1
The first step is that 1 part of copper manganate with the average grain diameter of 50 mu m and the purity of 95 percent is put into a horizontal ball mill, zirconia grinding balls are used as grinding media, 0.01 part of starch with the purity of 90 percent is added at the same time, and then ball milling is carried out for 30min at the rotating speed of 30 r/min; the second step is to dry the activated carbon for 60min under vacuum (the air pressure in the drying oven is 0.1 atmosphere) at the temperature of 250 ℃; and thirdly, adding 40 parts of treated activated carbon into the mixture obtained in the first step, and then continuing ball milling for 30min at a rotating speed of 60r/min to ensure that the activated carbon and the copper manganate are fully bonded together, thus obtaining the modified activated carbon powder with the average particle size of less than 31 microns.
The modified activated carbon and the unmodified activated carbon are respectively subjected to the following performance tests:
(1) measuring the adsorption rate of the activated carbon:
injecting 3.3mg of formaldehyde into a 3-cubic sealed air bin, detecting the concentration of the formaldehyde by using a spectrophotometer, putting 3 kg of activated carbon into a cylinder with the diameter of 20cm, passing the air in the sealed air bin through the activated carbon column by using an air pump, measuring 6 cubic meters of air by using the pump with the efficiency of 10min, measuring the concentration of the formaldehyde by taking a sample every min by using the spectrophotometer, measuring 20 points to calculate the reduction speed of the formaldehyde along with time, and further calculating the concentration of the formaldehyde to be lower than 0.1m g/m according to a curve 3 Time of (d).
The test result shows that: the formaldehyde concentration of the modified activated carbon is from 1.1mg/m after 6min and 17s 3 Reduced to 0.1mg/m 3 Hereinafter, the untreated equivalent amount of activated carbon required 47min 12s to achieve the above effects.
(2) Measuring the formaldehyde decomposition rate catalyzed by activated carbon:
the first step is as follows: in 3 cubic sealed air storehouse, constantly inject into formaldehyde a small amount, put into the cylinder of diameter 20cm with 3 kilograms of active carbon, adopt the air pump to pass through the air in the sealed storehouse from the active carbon post, the efficiency of pump is 10min with 6 cubic meters air, spectrophotometer is once a kind of measurement formaldehyde concentration of every min taking, and detect formaldehyde concentration with spectrophotometer, when concentration no longer reduces, it is saturated to deem that the active carbon has adsorbed, improve the formaldehyde concentration in the sealed storehouse to 1.1mg/m afterwards 3 Then, the formaldehyde concentration was measured after 24 hours, and this change in formaldehyde concentration was considered to be a decrease in activated carbon concentration due to decomposition.
The test result shows that: the concentration of formaldehyde in the modified activated carbon is reduced by 12.4% after 24h, while the concentration of formaldehyde in an untreated equivalent amount of activated carbon is not substantially changed after 24 h.
Example 2
The first step is that 1 part of copper manganate with average grain diameter of 10 mu m and purity of 99 percent is put into a horizontal ball mill, zirconia grinding balls are used as grinding media, 0.1 part of starch with purity of 99 percent is added at the same time, and then the ball milling is carried out for 60min at the rotating speed of 90 r/min; the second step is to dry the activated carbon in vacuum (the air pressure in the drying oven is 0.01 atmosphere) for 120min at the temperature of 350 ℃; and thirdly, adding 40 parts of treated activated carbon into the mixture obtained in the first step, and then continuing ball milling for 60min at a rotating speed of 120r/min to ensure that the activated carbon and the copper manganate are fully bonded together, thus obtaining the modified activated carbon powder with the average particle size of less than 10 microns.
The modified activated carbon and the unmodified activated carbon were subjected to the following performance tests, respectively, in the same manner as in example 1.
(1) The results of measuring the adsorption rate of activated carbon show that: the formaldehyde content of the modified activated carbon is 1.2mg/m after 5min at 8s 3 Reduced to 0.1mg/m 3 Hereinafter, the above effects were achieved with an untreated equivalent amount of activated carbon at 53min27 s.
(2) The result of measuring the formaldehyde decomposition rate catalyzed by the activated carbon shows that: the concentration of formaldehyde in the modified activated carbon is reduced by 16.9% after 24h, while the concentration of formaldehyde in an untreated equivalent amount of activated carbon is not substantially changed after 24 h.
Example 3
The first step is that 1 part of copper manganate with the average grain diameter of 20 mu m and the purity of 96 percent is put into a horizontal ball mill, zirconia grinding balls are used as grinding media, 0.02 part of starch with the purity of 92 percent is added at the same time, and then ball milling is carried out for 35min, and the rotating speed is 35 r/min; the second step is to dry the activated carbon in vacuum (the air pressure in the drying oven is 0.02 atmosphere) for 70min at the temperature of 280 ℃; and thirdly, adding 20 parts of treated activated carbon into the mixture obtained in the first step, and then continuing ball milling for 35min at a rotating speed of 70r/min to ensure that the activated carbon and the copper manganate are fully bonded together, thus obtaining the modified activated carbon powder with the average particle size of less than 16 microns.
The modified activated carbon and the unmodified activated carbon were subjected to the following performance tests, respectively, in the same manner as in example 1.
(1) The results of measuring the adsorption rate of activated carbon show that: the formaldehyde concentration of the modified activated carbon is from 1.1mg/m after 6min 2s 3 Reduced to 0.1mg/m 3 Hereinafter, the above effects were achieved only in 49min 38s for an equivalent amount of activated carbon that had not been treated.
(2) The result of measuring the formaldehyde decomposition rate catalyzed by the activated carbon shows that: the concentration of formaldehyde in the modified activated carbon after 24h is reduced by 12.3%, while the concentration of formaldehyde in an untreated equivalent amount of activated carbon after 24h is basically unchanged.
Example 4
The first step is that 1 part of copper manganate with average grain diameter of 30 mu m and purity of 97 percent is put into a horizontal ball mill, zirconia grinding balls are used as grinding media, 0.03 part of starch with purity of 93 percent is added at the same time, and then ball milling is carried out for 40min, and the rotating speed is 40 r/min; the second step is to dry the activated carbon at 290 ℃ in vacuum (the air pressure in the drying oven is 0.03 atmosphere) for 75 min; and thirdly, adding 30 parts of treated activated carbon into the mixture obtained in the first step, and then continuing ball milling for 40min at a rotating speed of 75r/min to ensure that the activated carbon and the copper manganate are fully bonded together, thus obtaining the modified activated carbon powder with the average particle size of less than 20 microns.
The modified activated carbon and the unmodified activated carbon were subjected to the following performance tests, respectively, in the same manner as in example 1.
(1) The results of measuring the adsorption rate of activated carbon show that: the formaldehyde concentration of the modified activated carbon is from 1.2mg/m after 5min and 48s 3 Reduced to 0.1mg/m 3 Hereinafter, the above-mentioned effects were achieved only in 51min 22s for an equivalent amount of activated carbon which had not been treated.
(2) The result of measuring the formaldehyde decomposition rate catalyzed by the activated carbon shows that: the formaldehyde concentration of the modified activated carbon after 24h is reduced by 14.1 percent, and the formaldehyde concentration of the untreated equivalent activated carbon after 24h is basically unchanged.
Example 5
The first step is that 1 part of copper manganate with the average grain diameter of 35 mu m and the purity of 98 percent is put into a horizontal ball mill, zirconia grinding balls are used as grinding media, 0.05 part of starch with the purity of 96 percent is added at the same time, and then ball milling is carried out for 45min at the rotating speed of 60 r/min; the second step is to dry the activated carbon for 90min under vacuum (the air pressure in the drying oven is 0.06 atmosphere) at the temperature of 310 ℃; and thirdly, adding 30 parts of treated activated carbon into the mixture obtained in the first step, and then continuing ball milling for 45min at a rotation speed of 90r/min to ensure that the activated carbon and the copper manganate are fully bonded together, thus obtaining the modified activated carbon powder with the average particle size of less than 22 mu m.
The modified activated carbon and the unmodified activated carbon were subjected to the following performance tests, respectively, in the same manner as in example 1.
(1) The results of measuring the adsorption rate of activated carbon show that: the formaldehyde concentration of the modified activated carbon is from 1.1mg/m after 5min and 19s 3 Reduced to 0.1mg/m 3 The above effect was achieved only after 48min 09s for an untreated equivalent amount of activated carbon.
(2) The result of measuring the formaldehyde decomposition rate catalyzed by the activated carbon shows that: the concentration of formaldehyde in the modified activated carbon after 24h is reduced by 15.1%, while the concentration of formaldehyde in an untreated equivalent amount of activated carbon after 24h is basically unchanged.
Example 6
The first step is that 1 part of copper manganate with the average grain diameter of 45 mu m and the purity of 97 percent is put into a horizontal ball mill, zirconia grinding balls are used as grinding media, 0.07 part of starch with the purity of 91 percent is added at the same time, and then ball milling is carried out for 50min at the rotating speed of 80 r/min; the second step is to dry the activated carbon at a temperature of 330 ℃ in vacuum (the air pressure in the drying oven is 0.09 atm) for 100 min; and thirdly, adding 33 parts of treated activated carbon into the mixture obtained in the first step, and then continuing ball milling for 50min at the rotating speed of 100r/min to ensure that the activated carbon and the copper manganate are fully bonded together, thus obtaining the modified activated carbon powder with the average particle size of less than 28 microns.
The modified activated carbon and the unmodified activated carbon were subjected to the following performance tests, respectively, in the same manner as in example 1.
(1) The results of measuring the adsorption rate of activated carbon show that: the formaldehyde concentration of the modified activated carbon is from 1.1mg/m after 5min and 22s 3 Reduced to 0.1mg/m 3 Hereinafter, the above effects were achieved only at 47min 59s when an equal amount of activated carbon was used without treatment.
(2) The result of measuring the formaldehyde decomposition rate catalyzed by the activated carbon shows that: the concentration of formaldehyde in the modified activated carbon after 24h is reduced by 15.5%, while the concentration of formaldehyde in an untreated equivalent amount of activated carbon after 24h is basically unchanged.
Example 7
The first step is that 1 part of copper manganate with the average grain diameter of 50 mu m and the purity of 95 percent is put into a horizontal ball mill, zirconia grinding balls are used as grinding media, 0.2 part of starch with the purity of 90 percent is added at the same time, and then the ball milling is carried out for 30min at the rotating speed of 30 r/min; the second step is to dry the activated carbon for 60min under vacuum (the air pressure in the drying oven is 0.1 atmosphere) at the temperature of 250 ℃; and thirdly, adding 40 parts of treated activated carbon into the mixture obtained in the first step, and then continuing ball milling for 30min at a rotating speed of 60r/min to ensure that the activated carbon and the copper manganate are fully bonded together, thus obtaining the modified activated carbon powder with the average particle size of less than 30 microns.
The modified activated carbon and the unmodified activated carbon were subjected to the following performance tests, respectively, in the same manner as in example 1.
(1) The results of measuring the adsorption rate of activated carbon show that: the formaldehyde concentration of the modified activated carbon is from 1.1mg/m after 19min and 17s 3 Reduced to 0.1mg/m 3 Hereinafter, the above effects were achieved only after an untreated equivalent amount of activated carbon took 49min 10 s. It can be seen from example 1 that the particle size was almost uniform, but the formaldehyde adsorption efficiency was significantly reduced, mainly because the increase in the starch content resulted in many pores of the activated carbon being blocked by the starch, and thus the formaldehyde adsorption efficiency was reduced.
(2) The result of measuring the formaldehyde decomposition rate catalyzed by the activated carbon shows that: the concentration of formaldehyde of the modified activated carbon is reduced by 3.9 percent after 24 hours, while the concentration of formaldehyde of untreated activated carbon with equal amount after 24 hours is basically unchanged. The formaldehyde decomposition rate is also significantly reduced relative to example 1, since the starch may also coat the copper manganate surface, which significantly reduces the chance of formaldehyde contacting the copper manganate surface and the efficiency of catalytic decomposition.
Example 8
The first step is that 1 part of copper manganate with the average particle size of 50 mu m and the purity of 95 percent is put into a horizontal ball mill, zirconia grinding balls are used as grinding media, 0.01 part of starch with the purity of 90 percent is added at the same time, and then the mixture is ball-milled for 10 (or 80) min at the rotating speed of 20 (or 120) r/min; the second step is drying the active carbon in vacuum (the air pressure in the drying box is 0.1 atmosphere) for 60min at the temperature of 250 ℃; and thirdly, adding 40 parts of treated activated carbon into the mixture obtained in the first step, and then continuing ball milling for 30min at a rotating speed of 60r/min to ensure that the activated carbon and the copper manganate are fully bonded together, thus obtaining the modified activated carbon powder with the average particle size of less than 31 microns.
The modified activated carbon and the unmodified activated carbon were subjected to the following performance tests, respectively, in the same manner as in example 1.
(1) The results of measuring the adsorption rate of activated carbon show that: the concentration of the modified activated carbon in 15min and 19s (or 12min and 58s) is from 1.1mg/m 3 Reduced to 0.1mg/m 3 Hereinafter, the equivalent amount of activated carbon without treatment was 46min 44s (49min 01 s).
Compared with the example 1, the formaldehyde adsorption rate is obviously reduced when the treatment time is less than 30min, because the copper manganese oxide and the starch are not fully mixed due to the short treatment time, good bonding is not formed, and the copper manganese oxide and the activated carbon cannot be uniformly mixed and bonded in the subsequent mixing process with the activated carbon, so that the final adsorption efficiency is influenced; the long ball milling time breaks the fragile bond formed between the starch and the copper manganate to a certain extent, so that the final bonding effect with the activated carbon is affected. Also, the lower rotation speed does not allow sufficient mixing and bond formation, the higher rotation speed destroys the fragile bonds, which all affect the final adsorption efficiency and significantly reduce the adsorption efficiency
(2) The result of measuring the formaldehyde decomposition rate catalyzed by the activated carbon shows that: the concentration of formaldehyde after 24h of the modified activated carbon is reduced by 3.3 percent (4.1 percent), while the concentration of formaldehyde after 24h of untreated equivalent activated carbon is basically unchanged. Also after the adsorption efficiency becomes weak, the catalytic decomposition ability becomes remarkably weak.
Example 9
The first step is that 1 part of copper manganate with the average grain diameter of 50 mu m and the purity of 95 percent is put into a horizontal ball mill, zirconia grinding balls are used as grinding media, 0.01 part of starch with the purity of 90 percent is added at the same time, and then ball milling is carried out for 30min at the rotating speed of 30 r/min; the second step is to dry the activated carbon for 60min under vacuum (the air pressure in the drying oven is 0.1 atmosphere) at the temperature of 250 ℃; and the third step is to add 40 parts of treated activated carbon into the mixture obtained in the first step, and then continue ball milling (30min, 60r/min) and (60min, 120r/min) to ensure that the activated carbon and the copper manganate are fully bonded together, and finally obtain the modified activated carbon powder with the average particle size of less than 31 mu m.
(1) The results of measuring the adsorption rate of activated carbon show that: the concentration of the modified activated carbon 26min01s (21min 37s) is from 1.1mg/m 3 Reduced to 0.1mg/m 3 Hereinafter, the equivalent amount of activated carbon without treatment was 47min 12 s. When the rotating speed is lower than 60r/min, the crushing capacity is obviously reduced, larger particles of the activated carbon cannot be thinned, the larger particles have smaller specific surface area, the lower the adsorption efficiency is, and when the rotating speed exceeds 120r/min, the activated carbon is completely crushed, so that the original holes of the activated carbon are all damaged, and the adsorption efficiency is reduced
(2) The result of measuring the formaldehyde decomposition rate catalyzed by the activated carbon shows that: the concentration of formaldehyde of the modified activated carbon is reduced by 12.4 percent after 24 hours, while the concentration of formaldehyde of untreated activated carbon with equal amount after 24 hours is basically unchanged. Also after the adsorption efficiency becomes weak, the catalytic decomposition ability becomes remarkably weak.
Example 10
The first step is that 1 part of copper manganate with the average grain diameter of 50 mu m and the purity of 95 percent is put into a horizontal ball mill, zirconia grinding balls are used as grinding media, 0.001 (or 0.5) part of starch with the purity of 90 percent is added at the same time, and then ball milling is carried out for 30min, and the rotating speed is 30 r/min; the second step is to dry the activated carbon for 60min under vacuum (the air pressure in the drying oven is 0.1 atmosphere) at the temperature of 250 ℃; and thirdly, adding 40 parts of treated activated carbon into the mixture obtained in the first step, and then continuing ball milling for 30min at a rotating speed of 60r/min to ensure that the activated carbon and the copper manganate are fully bonded together, thus obtaining the modified activated carbon powder with the average particle size of less than 31 microns.
(1) The results of measuring the adsorption rate of activated carbon show that: the concentration of the modified activated carbon for 18min and 32s (21min) is from 1.1mg/m 3 Reduced to 0.1mg/m 3 Hereinafter, the equivalent amount of activated carbon which had not been treated was 47min 12 s.
(2) The result of measuring the formaldehyde decomposition rate catalyzed by the activated carbon shows that: the formaldehyde concentration of the modified activated carbon after 24h was reduced by 2.7% (3.9%), while the formaldehyde concentration of the untreated equivalent activated carbon after 24h was essentially unchanged. The starch is equivalent to an adhesive, is bonded with the copper manganite and the activated carbon by utilizing a hydrogen bond, and cannot be well combined together when the starch content is low, so that the final performance is weak; when the content of the starch is higher, the starch can block the holes of the activated carbon, so that the adsorption performance of the activated carbon is reduced, and the catalytic decomposition performance of the activated carbon is weakened.
Example 11
The first step is that 1 part of copper manganate with the average grain diameter of 50 mu m and the purity of 95 percent is put into a horizontal ball mill, zirconia grinding balls are used as grinding media, 0.01 part of starch with the purity of 90 percent is added at the same time, and then ball milling is carried out for 30min at the rotating speed of 30 r/min; and thirdly, adding 40 parts of treated activated carbon into the mixture obtained in the first step, and then continuing ball milling for 30min at a rotating speed of 60r/min to ensure that the activated carbon and the copper manganate are fully bonded together, thus obtaining the modified activated carbon powder with the average particle size of less than 31 microns.
(1) The results of measuring the adsorption rate of activated carbon show that: the concentration of the modified activated carbon for 36min 09s is from 1.1mg/m 3 Reduced to 0.1mg/m 3 Hereinafter, the equivalent amount of activated carbon which had not been treated was 47min 12 s.
The reason is that the activated carbon has very high adsorption performance, so that certain water vapor can be adsorbed on the surface, and during the ball milling process with starch, the starch is easy to adsorb water on the activated carbon, and cannot be dehydrated to form hydrogen bond and other bonds with the surface of the activated carbon. Most importantly, the starch after water absorption blocks the holes of the activated carbon, so that the specific surface area of the activated carbon is obviously reduced, and the adsorption performance of the activated carbon is obviously reduced.
(2) The result of measuring the formaldehyde decomposition rate catalyzed by the activated carbon shows that: the concentration of formaldehyde in the modified activated carbon after 24h is reduced by 1.6%, while the concentration of formaldehyde in an untreated equivalent amount of activated carbon after 24h is basically unchanged.
Comparative example 1
The differences from example 1 are: the copper manganate was mixed directly with the starch without milling.
The first step is that 1 part of copper manganate with the average grain diameter of 50 mu m and the purity of 95 percent is put into a horizontal ball mill, 0.01 part of starch with the purity of 90 percent is added simultaneously, the ball mill rotates for 30min, the rotating speed is 30r/min, and the process is only simple mixing and no grinding process exists; the third step is that 40 parts of activated carbon is added to the mixture in the first step, then the mixture is simply mixed for 30min and the rotating speed is 60r/min, so that the activated carbon and the copper manganate are mixed together, and finally the powder mixture is obtained.
The above powder mixture and unmodified activated carbon were each subjected to the following performance tests:
(1) measurement of adsorption rate:
the test result shows that: the formaldehyde concentration of the powder mixture after 46min 51s was from 1.1mg/m 3 Reduced to 0.1mg/m 3 Hereinafter, the untreated equivalent amount of activated carbon required 47min 12s to achieve the above effect, and the adsorption properties of both were almost completely equivalent, that is, no improvement in the adsorption properties was obtained by simple mixing without grinding and drying processes.
(2) Measurement of catalytic decomposition rate:
the test result shows that: the formaldehyde concentration after 24h was essentially unchanged for the simply mixed powder mixture without grinding and drying processes and for an untreated equivalent of activated carbon.
The grinding action has two effects: 1. so that the copper manganate and the starch are uniformly mixed; 2. reducing the grain size of starch and copper manganate. When grinding is not carried out, the subsequent mixing of the activated carbon, the copper manganate and the starch cannot be uniformly mixed, and a good chemical bond cannot be formed, so that the final adsorption performance is very weak.
Comparative example 2
The differences from example 1 are: the modified starch was directly mixed with activated carbon without milling.
The first step is to put 0.1 part of starch with 99 percent of purity into a ball milling tank, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 90r/min, and the ball mill rotates for 60min, which is only simple mixing and no milling process; the second step is drying the active carbon in vacuum (the air pressure in the drying box is 0.01 atmosphere) for 120min at the temperature of 350 ℃; the third step is to add 40 parts of the treated activated carbon to the mixture of the first step, then continue to mix briefly for 60min and rotate at 120r/min, so that the activated carbon is mixed with the starch, and finally the powder mixture of the starch and the activated carbon.
The powder mixture and the unmodified activated carbon were subjected to the following performance tests, respectively, in the same manner as in example 1.
(1) The results of measuring the adsorption rate of activated carbon show that: the formaldehyde content after mixing the powder at a concentration of 88s for 52min was from 1.2mg/m 3 Reduced to 0.1mg/m 3 The above-mentioned effects were achieved only after 53min 7s of the time required for an equivalent amount of activated carbon without treatment.
(2) The result of measuring the formaldehyde decomposition rate catalyzed by the activated carbon shows that: the formaldehyde concentration after 24h was essentially unchanged for both the powder mixture and the untreated equivalent of activated carbon.
Grinding starch and activated carbon has two functions: the activated carbon particles are thinned while facilitating direct contact and bonding of the starch and the activated carbon. When grinding is not carried out, the subsequent modified starch and the activated carbon cannot be uniformly mixed, and a good chemical bond cannot be formed, so that the final adsorption performance is very weak.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: the activated carbon adsorption material prepared by the method has better adsorption performance, and is more favorable for the contact of copper manganite and formaldehyde after adsorption, so that the copper manganite has better capability of catalyzing and decomposing formaldehyde.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. A preparation method of an activated carbon adsorption material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out a first grinding process on copper manganate and starch to obtain modified starch; wherein the weight ratio of the copper manganate to the starch is 1 (0.01-0.1);
and mixing the modified starch with active carbon to perform a second grinding process to obtain the active carbon adsorption material.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the copper manganese oxide is 10 to 50 μm.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rotation speed of the grinding device used in the first grinding process is 30-90 r/min, and the grinding time is 30-60 min.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the milling device is selected from a horizontal ball mill or a planetary high energy ball mill.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weight ratio of the modified starch to the activated carbon is 1 (10-40).
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the rotation speed of the grinding device used in the second grinding process is 60-120 r/min, and the grinding time is 30-60 min.
7. The method of manufacturing according to claim 1, further comprising, before performing the second grinding process: and removing impurities from the activated carbon.
8. The production method according to claim 7, wherein the impurity removal processing step includes: and carrying out vacuum drying on the activated carbon.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein in the step of removing impurities, the temperature of vacuum drying is 250-350 ℃, and the drying time is 60-120 min.
10. An activated carbon adsorption material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. Use of the activated carbon adsorption material of claim 10 in the field of catalytic decomposition of organic pollutants.
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