CN110726941A - Screening method for self-discharge performance of lithium ion power battery - Google Patents

Screening method for self-discharge performance of lithium ion power battery Download PDF

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CN110726941A
CN110726941A CN201910965003.1A CN201910965003A CN110726941A CN 110726941 A CN110726941 A CN 110726941A CN 201910965003 A CN201910965003 A CN 201910965003A CN 110726941 A CN110726941 A CN 110726941A
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battery
self
tested
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discharge
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游帅帅
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Hefei Gotion High Tech Power Energy Co Ltd
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Hefei Guoxuan High Tech Power Energy Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3835Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/378Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] specially adapted for the type of battery or accumulator
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables

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  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a screening method for self-discharge performance of a lithium ion power battery, which comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out charging and discharging pretreatment on the batteries subjected to capacity grading to a set voltage value; standing the battery to be measured for a certain time at a set temperature, humidity and magnetic field, and measuring the internal resistance and open-circuit voltage of the battery; then standing the battery to be tested for a certain time at a set temperature, humidity and magnetic field intensity to promote the self-discharge of the battery; then demagnetizing the battery and measuring the internal resistance and open-circuit voltage of the battery; calculating the voltage drop and the resistance change value of the battery to be tested according to the internal resistance and the open-circuit voltage; and judging the qualified self-discharge battery according to the screened voltage drop and the resistance change value. According to the invention, the screening of the self-discharge abnormity of the lithium iron phosphate system lithium ion power battery is more accurate by using the battery voltage difference method, the consistency and reliability of the whole batch of batteries are effectively improved, the self-discharge detection time of the battery is greatly shortened, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

Screening method for self-discharge performance of lithium ion power battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a method for screening self-discharge performance of a lithium ion power battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery as a new generation of green high-energy rechargeable battery has the outstanding advantages of high voltage, large energy density, good cycle performance, small self-discharge, no memory effect and the like, is rapidly developed in recent years, and has a leading position in the field of mobile electronic terminal equipment such as notebook computers, mobile phones, video cameras, weaponry and the like of all countries around the world with the outstanding advantage of high cost performance, and is considered as a high and new technology industry with important significance for national economy and people's life in the 21 st century. The lithium iron phosphate system lithium ion power battery has the advantages of excellent safety performance, low price and the like, and is widely applied to commercial production.
At present, the use of power batteries is more and more extensive, the single batteries must be connected in series/parallel to form a stable battery pack to meet the requirements of capacity, voltage and the like required by application, and if the characteristics of the single batteries in the same group are inconsistent or the initial states of the batteries packaged in combination are different after the batteries are assembled, the overall characteristics of the battery pack are rapidly degraded and the accelerated damage of partial batteries is caused. Therefore, strict requirements are imposed on the characteristic parameters of the single battery, such as capacity, voltage, internal resistance, charge-discharge curve, capacity fade rate of the single battery, and the like. Because the voltage platform of the lithium iron phosphate system lithium ion power battery is relatively flat and abnormally stable, when the voltage is in the platform period, even if the capacity is quickly attenuated, the open-circuit voltage change value is still relatively small, and only the change of the voltage difference is obvious at the stages of the beginning and the end of discharge.
At present, the method for testing the charge retention capacity of the lithium ion storage battery for the electric automobile comprises the following steps: the battery to be tested is placed for 28 days at the temperature of 20 +/-5 ℃, the testing time is long in actual production, a large amount of fields, material resources and financial resources are occupied, and the production efficiency is low. For example, in chinese patent application publication No. CN104316877A entitled "a method for detecting self-discharge of lithium iron phosphate battery", which utilizes a voltage difference method, the battery screening is performed by standing at different temperatures to eliminate polarization and test voltage, but the method does not introduce variations such as internal resistance, magnetic field, humidity, etc., and has many charging and discharging times, long time, and low reliability of detection results.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a screening method for the self-discharge performance of a lithium ion power battery, which has accurate and reliable detection result, greatly shortens the production period and provides accurate technical support for the matching consistency of lithium iron phosphate system batteries.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a screening method for self-discharge performance of a lithium ion power battery comprises the following steps:
(1) charging the battery to 38-65% of the battery charge capacity at a constant current of 0.1-0.5 ℃ in an environment of 30 +/-5 ℃, and then discharging to a first set voltage value at a constant current of 0.1-0.5 ℃;
(2) charging the battery to 3.65V at a constant current of 0.1-0.5C under the environment of 30 +/-5 ℃, continuously charging at a constant voltage of 3.65V until the current is 0.02C, and then discharging at a constant current of 0.1-0.5C to a third set voltage value;
(3) standing the battery to be tested for a period of time at a first set temperature, a first set humidity and a first set magnetic field, and measuring the internal resistance OCR1 and the open-circuit voltage OCV1 of the battery;
(4) standing the battery to be tested for a second set time at a second set temperature, a second set humidity and a second magnetic field intensity to promote self-discharge of the battery;
(5) after the battery is demagnetized, measuring the internal resistance OCR2 and the open-circuit voltage OCV2 of the battery;
(6) measuring the voltage drop delta OCV of the battery to be tested, namely OCV2-OCV1, and measuring the resistance change delta OCR of the battery to be tested, namely OCR2-OCR 1;
(7) and screening out the batteries to be tested, wherein both the delta OCV and the delta OCR meet the 3 sigma criterion, and the batteries to be tested are qualified by self-discharge.
The improvement of the scheme is as follows:
in the step (1), the first set voltage value is 2.0-2.5V.
In the step (2), the third set voltage value is 2.75-3.25V.
Step (3), the first set temperature is 24 +/-3 ℃; the first set humidity is 45 +/-20%; the first set magnetic field intensity is 0T, and the first set time is 12-24 h.
In the step (4), the second set temperature is 45 +/-10 ℃, the second set humidity is 80 +/-15%, the second set magnetic field direction is vertical to the battery interface, the strength is 0.01-1.6T, and the second set time is 3-5 days.
According to the technical scheme, the screening method for the self-discharge performance of the lithium ion power battery has the advantages that the detection result is accurate and reliable, the production period is greatly shortened, and accurate technical support is provided for the matching consistency of the lithium iron phosphate system battery. After the capacity grading is finished, the battery is preprocessed by adopting low-rate current, so that the influence of battery polarization and system instability factors on voltage is reduced to the maximum extent; meanwhile, a mode of combining magnetic field acceleration and temperature and humidity control is introduced, so that the shelf period of the K value of the battery to be tested is effectively shortened, the production efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced. In addition, the invention aims at the self-discharge characteristic of the lithium iron phosphate system lithium ion power battery, the detection is carried out when the voltage change is quicker at the last stage of the battery discharge, and the data statistics is more reliable and real; the parameter setting of the battery self-discharge consistency evaluation can be more reasonably determined by using the control limit analysis method.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Charging the battery at 30 ℃ with a constant current of 0.2 ℃ until the charge capacity of the battery is 48%, and then discharging with a constant current of 0.2 ℃ until the voltage value is 2.0V;
(2) charging the battery to 3.65V at a constant current of 0.5C under the environment of 30 ℃, continuously charging at a constant voltage of 3.65V until the current is 0.02C, and then discharging at a constant current of 0.2C until the voltage value is 2.85V;
(3) standing the battery to be tested for 16h in a magnetic field-free environment at the temperature of 24 ℃ and the environmental humidity of 45%, and then measuring the internal resistance OCR1 and the open-circuit voltage OCV1 of the battery;
(4) transferring the battery to be tested to a battery interface with the temperature of 45 ℃, the environmental humidity of 80%, the strength of 0.1T and the direction of the magnetic field vertical to the battery interface, and standing for 5 days to promote the self-discharge of the battery;
(5) demagnetizing the battery to be tested after standing, and measuring and recording the internal resistance OCR2 and the open-circuit voltage OCV2 of the battery;
(6) measuring the voltage drop delta OCV of the battery to be tested, namely OCV2-OCV1, and measuring the internal resistance change delta OCR of the battery to be tested, namely OCR2-OCR 1;
(7) calculating the average value of the internal resistance rise of the battery to be measured
Figure BDA0002230202990000031
And the average value of voltage drop(wherein,
Figure BDA0002230202990000033
the average value of the rest batteries to be tested except the batteries with the lowest resistance value and the highest resistance value of 5 percent in all the batteries to be tested,
Figure BDA0002230202990000034
the average value of the rest batteries to be tested except the batteries with the lowest and the highest voltage values of 5 percent in all the batteries to be tested). Then, according to normal distribution, the self-discharge rate of the battery to be tested is counted, and the battery is selected
Figure BDA0002230202990000035
Meets the conditions that (OCR-3 sigma is less than or equal to OCR +3 sigma) and the self-discharge rate is lower than a preset value
Figure BDA0002230202990000036
The battery to be tested is the self-discharge unqualified battery.
Example 2
(1) Charging the battery at 35 ℃ with a constant current of 0.1 ℃ to 38% of the charge capacity of the battery, and then discharging with a constant current of 0.1 ℃ to a voltage value of 2.0V;
(2) charging the battery to 3.65V at a constant current of 0.1C under the environment of 35 ℃, continuously charging at a constant voltage of 3.65V until the current is 0.02C, and then discharging at a constant current of 0.1C until the voltage value is 2.75V;
(3) standing the battery to be tested for 12 hours in a magnetic field-free environment at the temperature of 25 ℃ and the environmental humidity of 45%, and then measuring the internal resistance OCR1 and the open-circuit voltage OCV1 of the battery;
(4) transferring the battery to be tested to a battery interface with the temperature of 45 ℃, the environmental humidity of 80%, the strength of 1.6T and the direction of the magnetic field vertical to the battery interface, and standing for 3 days to promote the self-discharge of the battery;
(5) demagnetizing the battery to be tested after standing, and measuring and recording the internal resistance OCR2 and the open-circuit voltage OCV2 of the battery;
(6) measuring the voltage drop delta OCV of the battery to be tested, namely OCV2-OCV1, and measuring the internal resistance change delta OCR of the battery to be tested, namely OCR2-OCR 1;
(7) calculating the average value of the internal resistance rise of the battery to be measured
Figure BDA0002230202990000041
And the average value of voltage drop
Figure BDA0002230202990000042
(wherein,
Figure BDA0002230202990000043
the average value of the rest batteries to be tested except the batteries with the lowest resistance value and the highest resistance value of 5 percent in all the batteries to be tested,
Figure BDA0002230202990000044
the average value of the rest batteries to be tested except the batteries with the lowest and the highest voltage values of 5 percent in all the batteries to be tested). Then, according to normal distribution, the self-discharge rate of the battery to be tested is counted, and the battery is selected
Figure BDA0002230202990000045
Meets the conditions that (OCR-3 sigma is less than or equal to OCR +3 sigma) and the self-discharge rate is lower than a preset value
Figure BDA0002230202990000046
The battery to be tested is the self-discharge unqualified battery.
Example 3
(1) Charging the battery at 25 ℃ with a constant current of 0.5 ℃ to 65% of the charge capacity of the battery, and then discharging with a constant current of 0.5 ℃ to a voltage value of 2.5V;
(2) charging the battery to 3.65V at a constant current of 0.5C in an environment of 25 ℃, continuously charging at a constant voltage of 3.65V until the current is 0.02C, and then discharging at a constant current of 0.5C until the voltage value is 2.85V;
(3) standing the battery to be tested for 24 hours in a magnetic field-free environment at the temperature of 27 ℃ and the environmental humidity of 65%, and then measuring the internal resistance OCR1 and the open-circuit voltage OCV1 of the battery;
(4) transferring the battery to be tested to a battery interface with the temperature of 55 ℃, the environmental humidity of 65%, the strength of 1.0T and the direction of the magnetic field vertical to the battery, and standing for 4 days to promote the self-discharge of the battery;
(5) demagnetizing the battery to be tested after standing, and measuring and recording the internal resistance OCR2 and the open-circuit voltage OCV2 of the battery;
(6) measuring the voltage drop delta OCV of the battery to be tested, namely OCV2-OCV1, and measuring the internal resistance change delta OCR of the battery to be tested, namely OCR2-OCR 1;
(7) calculating the average value of the internal resistance rise of the battery to be measured
Figure BDA0002230202990000047
And the average value of voltage drop
Figure BDA0002230202990000048
(wherein,
Figure BDA0002230202990000049
the average value of the rest batteries to be tested except the batteries with the lowest resistance value and the highest resistance value of 5 percent in all the batteries to be tested,
Figure BDA0002230202990000051
the average value of the rest batteries to be tested except the batteries with the lowest and the highest voltage values of 5 percent in all the batteries to be tested). Then, according to normal distribution, the self-discharge rate of the battery to be tested is counted, and the battery is selected
Figure BDA0002230202990000052
Meets the conditions that (OCR-3 sigma is less than or equal to OCR +3 sigma) and the self-discharge rate is lower than a preset value
Figure BDA0002230202990000053
The battery to be tested is the self-discharge unqualified battery.
Example 4
(1) Charging the battery at 35 ℃ with a constant current of 0.3 ℃ to 55% of the charge capacity of the battery, and then discharging with a constant current of 0.3 ℃ to a voltage value of 2.3V;
(2) charging the battery to 3.65V at a constant current of 0.4C under the environment of 35 ℃, continuously charging at a constant voltage of 3.65V until the current is 0.02C, and then discharging at a constant current of 0.4C until the voltage value is 2.85V;
(3) standing the battery to be tested for 20 hours in a magnetic field-free environment at the temperature of 21 ℃ and the environmental humidity of 25%, and then measuring the internal resistance OCR1 and the open-circuit voltage OCV1 of the battery;
(4) transferring the battery to be tested to a battery interface with the temperature of 35 ℃, the environmental humidity of 95%, the strength of 1.3T and the direction of the magnetic field vertical to the battery interface, and standing for 4 days to promote the self-discharge of the battery;
(5) demagnetizing the battery to be tested after standing, and measuring and recording the internal resistance OCR2 and the open-circuit voltage OCV2 of the battery;
(6) measuring the voltage drop delta OCV of the battery to be tested, namely OCV2-OCV1, and measuring the internal resistance change delta OCR of the battery to be tested, namely OCR2-OCR 1;
(7) calculating the average value of the internal resistance rise of the battery to be measured
Figure BDA0002230202990000054
And the average value of voltage drop(wherein,
Figure BDA0002230202990000056
the average value of the rest batteries to be tested except the batteries with the lowest resistance value and the highest resistance value of 5 percent in all the batteries to be tested,
Figure BDA0002230202990000057
the average value of the rest batteries to be tested except the batteries with the lowest and the highest voltage values of 5 percent in all the batteries to be tested). Then, according to normal distribution, the self-discharge rate of the battery to be tested is counted, and the battery is selected
Figure BDA0002230202990000058
Meets the conditions that (OCR-3 sigma is less than or equal to OCR +3 sigma) and the self-discharge rate is lower than a preset value
Figure BDA0002230202990000059
The battery to be tested isThe self-discharging unqualified battery.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A screening method for self-discharge performance of a lithium ion power battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) under a constant temperature environment, the battery is charged to 38% ~ 65% of the charged capacity of the battery at a constant current of 0.1C ~ 0.5.5C, and then discharged to a first set voltage value at a constant current of 0.1C ~ 0.5.5C;
(2) under the constant temperature environment, the battery is charged to a second set voltage at a constant current of 0.1C ~ 0.5.5C, is continuously charged to a first set current value at a constant voltage of the second set voltage, and is then discharged to a third set voltage value at a constant current of 0.1C ~ 0.5.5C;
(3) standing the battery to be tested for a period of time at a first set temperature, a first set humidity and a first set magnetic field, and measuring the internal resistance OCR1 and the open-circuit voltage OCV1 of the battery;
(4) standing the battery to be tested for a second set time at a second set temperature, a second set humidity and a second magnetic field intensity to promote self-discharge of the battery;
(5) after the battery is demagnetized, measuring the internal resistance OCR2 and the open-circuit voltage OCV2 of the battery;
(6) measuring the voltage drop delta OCV = OCV2-OCV1 of the battery to be tested, and measuring the resistance change delta OCR = OCR2-OCR1 of the battery to be tested;
(7) and screening out the batteries to be tested, wherein both the delta OCV and the delta OCR meet the 3 sigma criterion, and the batteries to be tested are qualified by self-discharge.
2. The screening method for the self-discharge performance of the lithium ion power battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the steps (1) and (2), the temperature in the constant temperature environment is 30 +/-5 ℃.
3. The screening method for the self-discharge performance of the lithium ion power battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (1) setting the first set voltage value to be 2.0-2.5V.
4. The screening method for the self-discharge performance of the lithium ion power battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the second set voltage value is 3.65V; the first set current value is 0.02C; the third set voltage value is 2.75-3.25V.
5. The screening method for the self-discharge performance of the lithium ion power battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the first set temperature is 24 +/-3 ℃, the first set humidity is 45 +/-20%, the first set magnetic field strength is 0T, and the first set time is 12 ~ 24 h.
6. The method for screening the self-discharge performance of the lithium-ion power battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the second set temperature is 45 ± 10 ℃, the second set humidity is 80 ± 15%, the second set magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the battery interface, the strength is 0.01 ~ 1.6.6T, and the second set time is 3 ~ 5 days.
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CN111679219A (en) * 2020-06-10 2020-09-18 江苏开沃汽车有限公司 Self-discharge screening method for lithium ion power battery
CN113064094A (en) * 2021-03-22 2021-07-02 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 Method and system for screening single batteries of cell type spacecraft lithium battery
CN115327408A (en) * 2022-07-26 2022-11-11 楚能新能源股份有限公司 Equipment for measuring K value of battery cell module and K value testing method
CN116577687A (en) * 2023-07-14 2023-08-11 南昌航空大学 Cell screening method and system for quick-charging battery pack, storage medium and computer

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CN116577687A (en) * 2023-07-14 2023-08-11 南昌航空大学 Cell screening method and system for quick-charging battery pack, storage medium and computer
CN116577687B (en) * 2023-07-14 2024-04-19 南昌航空大学 Cell screening method and system for quick-charging battery pack, storage medium and computer

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