CN110726691A - Method and system for measuring two-dimensional distribution of carbon dioxide concentration - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring two-dimensional distribution of carbon dioxide concentration Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/42—Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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- G01J2005/0077—Imaging
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Abstract
The application relates to a two-dimensional distribution measuring method of carbon dioxide concentration, belonging to the technical field of imaging, and the method comprises the following steps: generating at least two parallel planar light beams and converging the planar light beams to form an effective measuring area, wherein the effective measuring area comprises a plurality of sub-areas, and the effective measuring area is perpendicular to a gas to be measured with carbon dioxide; and acquiring the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity of the plane light beam passing through the sub-region, and determining the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient according to the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity to generate two-dimensional distribution of the carbon dioxide concentration. The method and the system for measuring the two-dimensional distribution of the carbon dioxide concentration can realize the planar measurement of the carbon dioxide concentration, can master the planar change of the carbon dioxide concentration in real time for realizing transient measurement, have high time resolution and high spatial resolution, and can be used for researching the gas mixing efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of gas imaging, and particularly relates to a method and a system for measuring two-dimensional distribution of carbon dioxide concentration.
Background
In an aircraft engine, carbon dioxide concentration measurement of intake air or exhaust air of the engine is required to determine combustion performance of the engine.
In the existing carbon dioxide concentration measurement, a probe is extended into an engine to perform point-by-point sampling analysis measurement, however, the method cannot realize plane measurement of the carbon dioxide concentration.
Therefore, the traditional point measurement mode cannot realize plane transient measurement of carbon dioxide concentration distribution.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application is directed to a method and system for measuring two-dimensional distribution of carbon dioxide concentration, which solves or reduces at least one of the problems of the related art.
In a first aspect, an aspect of the present application provides a method for measuring two-dimensional distribution of carbon dioxide concentration, where the method includes:
generating at least two parallel planar light beams and converging the planar light beams to form an effective measuring area, wherein the effective measuring area comprises a plurality of sub-areas, and the effective measuring area is perpendicular to a gas to be measured with carbon dioxide;
and acquiring the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity of the plane light beam passing through the sub-region, and determining the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient according to the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity to generate two-dimensional distribution of the carbon dioxide concentration.
In a preferred embodiment of the method of the present application, the planar light beam is infrared light.
In a preferred embodiment of the method of the present application, the determination of the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient from the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity is determined by the following relationship:
Iλe＝Iλ0exp(-βλΔ)
in the formula IλeTo go out and setLight intensity, Iλ0Is the intensity of incident light, betaλΔ is the path taken by the light, which is the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient.
In another aspect, an aspect of the present application provides a system for measuring two-dimensional distribution of carbon dioxide concentration, the system including:
the device comprises at least two plane light beam forming devices, a laser emitting device and a measuring device, wherein the laser emitting device is used for generating plane light beams, the generated plane light beams are converged in parallel to form an effective measuring area, the effective measuring area comprises a plurality of sub-areas, and the effective measuring area is perpendicular to a gas to be measured with carbon dioxide;
and the data processing and imaging device is used for acquiring the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity of the plane light beam and determining the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient according to the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity so as to generate two-dimensional distribution of the carbon dioxide concentration.
In a preferred embodiment of the system of the present application, the planar beam forming means comprises:
a light source emitting module for generating and emitting a light source;
a light source refracting module for reflecting the light source at a predetermined angle to adjust an angle of the light source; and
the sheet light adjusting module is used for scattering the reflected light source to form a plane light beam.
In a preferred embodiment of the system of the present application, the light source generated by the light source emitting module is a laser.
In a preferred embodiment of the system of the present application, the laser generated by the light source emitting module is an infrared light source.
In a preferred embodiment of the system of the present application, the data processing and imaging device determines the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient according to the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity, and the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient is determined according to the following relationship:
Iλe＝Iλ0exp(-βλΔ)
in the formula，IλeTo output a set light intensity, Iλ0Is the intensity of incident light, betaλΔ is the path taken by the light, which is the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient.
In a preferred embodiment of the system of the present application, the data processing and imaging device generates the two-dimensional distribution of carbon dioxide concentration using infrared thermal imaging.
The method and the system for measuring the two-dimensional distribution of the carbon dioxide concentration can realize the planar measurement of the carbon dioxide concentration, can master the planar change of the carbon dioxide concentration in real time for realizing transient measurement, have high time resolution and high spatial resolution, and can be used for researching the gas mixing efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions provided by the present application, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly understood that the drawings described below are only illustrative of some embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for measuring two-dimensional distribution of carbon dioxide concentration according to the present application.
Fig. 2 is a composition diagram of a two-dimensional distribution measurement system for carbon dioxide concentration according to the present application.
Fig. 3 is a sub-region diagram of an effective measurement region partition according to the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of effective measurement area division and imaging effect according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
In order to make the technical solution of the present application easier to understand, the method and the system of the present application will be described in the following description.
As shown in fig. 1, the method 100 for measuring two-dimensional distribution of carbon dioxide concentration provided by the present application includes the following steps:
step 110: generating at least two parallel planar light beams and converging the planar light beams to form an effective measurement area, the effective measurement area comprising a number of sub-areas, wherein the effective measurement area is perpendicular to the gas to be measured with carbon dioxide.
In order to generate at least two planar beams as described in the above method, at least two planar beam forming devices 210 are provided in the system of the present application, the planar beam forming devices are used to generate the planar beams, and the planar beams generated by each of the planar beam forming devices 210 are parallel to each other and converge to form an effective measuring region 230. The effective measurement area is substantially perpendicular to the flow direction of the gas to be measured with the carbon dioxide.
As an example of three sets of plane beam forming devices 210 is shown in the embodiment shown in fig. 2, in practical applications, only two plane beam forming devices 210 are required to work, and when the number of plane beam forming devices 210 is increased, the spatial resolution of the two-dimensional distribution measurement of the carbon dioxide concentration can be increased.
In the system of the present application, the planar light beam forming device 210 includes a light source emitting module 211, a light source refracting module 212, and a sheet light adjusting module 213, wherein the light source emitting module 211 is configured to generate and emit a light source, the light source refracting module 212 is configured to reflect the light source generated by the light source emitting module 211 at a predetermined angle to adjust the angle of the light source so as to meet the emission requirement, and finally the sheet light adjusting module 213 is configured to scatter the refracted light source to form a planar light beam.
Further, the sheet light adjusting module 213 includes a first adjusting module 2131 and a second adjusting module 2132, the first adjusting module 2131 expands and expands the thin light source to form a light source with a large area, and the second adjusting module 2132 parallel-constrains and outputs the expanded light source to form a planar light beam.
In some embodiments, the light source refraction module 212 is generally made of a material with a reflection or refraction function, such as reflective glass or a triangular prism. In some embodiments, the sheet light adjusting module 213 is an optical element made of a transparent material, such as a lens made of glass or crystal.
In order to enable the light source to be easy to control and have a good imaging effect, the light source in the application adopts a laser light source, namely, the light source emitting module 211 is a laser emitting device. In order to ensure the stability of the emitted light intensity, continuous laser with narrow spectral line width is adopted in the application. In order to ensure that the output wavelength has a narrow linewidth, the light source refraction module 212 employs a reflection grating to implement a wavelength adjustment function.
In the present application, the light source is an infrared light source.
When the planar light beams generated by the plurality of planar light beam forming devices 210 in the system of the present application are shaped into parallel light beams by the lens group, the parallel light beams are converged to the effective measurement area 230.
As shown in the sub-region 231 of fig. 3, during measurement, the effective measurement region 230 is divided into several sub-regions 231, and each sub-region 231 (or voxel) has a certain thickness. When the effective measurement region 230 is divided, the division may be performed using a cartesian coordinate system or a polar coordinate system.
Step 120: and acquiring the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity of the plane light beam passing through the sub-region, and determining the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient according to the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity to generate two-dimensional distribution of the carbon dioxide concentration.
In order to realize the planar concentration measurement and the distribution of the carbon dioxide, the system of the application provides a data processing and imaging device 220 for acquiring and recording the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity of the planar light beam, and determining the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient according to the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity so as to generate the two-dimensional distribution of the carbon dioxide concentration.
In the voxel, the light intensity attenuation caused by the absorption of infrared light by the carbon dioxide gas in the detected area meets the Beer's-Lambert law. Carbon dioxide has strong absorption to infrared wavelength of about 4 μm, and the absorption coefficients of carbon dioxide at different concentrations are known. After infrared laser passes through carbon dioxide voxel with certain concentration, the emergent light intensity IλeIncident light intensity I with voxelλ0Satisfying an exponential decay. The attenuated laser beam passes through a lens and is incident into the data processing and imaging device 220 for imaging. Due to the above processInfrared light is used, and thus the data processing and imaging device 220 of the present application employs infrared thermal imaging.
Wherein the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient betaλIn relation to the concentration of carbon dioxide within a voxel, it satisfies the following relation:
Iλe＝Iλ0exp(-βλΔ) (1)
in the formula IλeTo output a set light intensity, Iλ0Is the intensity of incident light, betaλΔ is the path taken by the light, which is the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient.
The MART algorithm (MultiplicaLigeAlgeBraicReconstruction Techniques) is adopted for the reconstruction calculation of the carbon dioxide concentration distribution, and the MART algorithm can be suitable for two-dimensional reconstruction calculation with large gradient change. The solution for MART is the minimum norm solution. The solution is assumed to satisfy the minimum energy principle and to be consistent with the actual carbon dioxide concentration distribution. According to the number of pixels of the data processing and imaging device 220 arranged in an array, the region to be detected is divided into a plurality of voxels.
In the embodiment shown in the left diagram of fig. 4, a polar coordinate system is used to establish several voxels in the effective measurement region 230, and the parameter β in the voxelλΔ is the unknown sought. It can be deduced from equation 1 that the relationship between the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity of a certain voxel satisfies the following equations 2 and 3. The ratio of the emergent light intensity and the incident light intensity of the voxels (arrow direction in fig. 4) of a certain row/column satisfies formula 4, wherein n represents the nth voxel (n is related to the number of voxels divided by the detected region, i ∈ n).
The image formed by each data processing and imaging device 220 satisfies an equation similar to that shown in equation 4. The result obtained for each data processing and imaging device 220
Obtaining beta of corresponding voxel through iterative calculationλiΔiThe value is obtained. For the MART iterative computation process adopted in the present application, details are not repeated here, and reference may be made to related documents.
ΔiRelated to the distance travelled by the light (i.e. the size of the voxel), due to the voxelThe size of (D) may be known at the time of partitioning, i.e. ΔiIn known amounts. From this, β can be obtainedλiAs shown in equation 4, βλiAnd is in positive correlation with the carbon dioxide concentration C (formula 5). From this, the distribution of carbon dioxide concentration values of a plurality of voxels in the estimated cross section can be reconstructed.
βλΔ∝C (5)
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of numerical simulation calculation results obtained in the case of employing the effective measurement region division of the left diagram.
In addition, in the present application, the sampling frequency determines the time resolution of the data, such as with a sampling frequency of 1KHz or 10 KHz. The higher the sampling frequency, the stronger the time resolution. The sampling frequency can be selected according to the practical application scene or the requirement to realize the corresponding sampling frequency so as to achieve certain time resolution capability.
The method and the system for measuring the two-dimensional distribution of the carbon dioxide concentration can realize the planar measurement of the carbon dioxide concentration, can master the planar change of the carbon dioxide concentration in real time for realizing transient measurement, have high time resolution and high spatial resolution, and can be used for researching the gas mixing efficiency.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for measuring two-dimensional distribution of carbon dioxide concentration is characterized by comprising
Generating at least two parallel plane light beams, and converging the plane light beams to form an effective measuring area, wherein the effective measuring area comprises a plurality of sub-areas, and the effective measuring area is perpendicular to a gas to be measured with carbon dioxide;
and acquiring the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity of the plane light beam passing through the sub-region, and determining the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient according to the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity to generate two-dimensional distribution of the carbon dioxide concentration.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the planar light beam is infrared light.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determination of the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient based on the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity is determined by the following relationship:
Iλe＝Iλ0exp(-βλ△)
in the formula IλeTo output a set light intensity, Iλ0Is the intensity of incident light, betaλ△ is the path taken by the light, which is the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient.
4. A two-dimensional distribution measuring system for carbon dioxide concentration is characterized in that the system comprises
At least two plane light beam forming devices, wherein the plane light beam forming devices are used for generating plane light beams and enabling the generated plane light beams to be converged in parallel to form an effective measuring area, the effective measuring area comprises a plurality of sub-areas, and the effective measuring area is perpendicular to a gas to be measured with carbon dioxide;
and the data processing and imaging device is used for acquiring the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity of the plane light beam and determining the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient according to the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity so as to generate two-dimensional distribution of the carbon dioxide concentration.
5. The system for measuring two-dimensional distribution of carbon dioxide concentration according to claim 4, wherein the planar beam forming means includes
A light source emitting module for generating and emitting a light source;
a light source refracting module for reflecting the light source at a predetermined angle to adjust an angle of the light source; and
the sheet light adjusting module is used for scattering the reflected light source to form a plane light beam.
6. The system for measuring the two-dimensional distribution of the concentration of carbon dioxide according to claim 5, wherein the light source generated by the light source emitting module is a laser.
7. The system for measuring the two-dimensional distribution of the concentration of carbon dioxide according to claim 6, wherein the laser generated by the light source emitting module is an infrared light source.
8. The system for measuring the two-dimensional distribution of the concentration of carbon dioxide according to claim 4, wherein the data processing and imaging device determines the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient according to the incident light intensity and the emergent light intensity by the following relationship:
Iλe＝Iλ0exp(-βλ△)
in the formula IλeTo output a set light intensity, Iλ0Is the intensity of incident light, betaλ△ is the path taken by the light, which is the carbon dioxide absorption coefficient.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the data processing and imaging device generates the two-dimensional distribution of carbon dioxide concentration using infrared thermal imaging.
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