CN1107265A - 差动分配型电能储配系统 - Google Patents

差动分配型电能储配系统 Download PDF

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CN1107265A
CN1107265A CN94102011A CN94102011A CN1107265A CN 1107265 A CN1107265 A CN 1107265A CN 94102011 A CN94102011 A CN 94102011A CN 94102011 A CN94102011 A CN 94102011A CN 1107265 A CN1107265 A CN 1107265A
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杨泰和
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Priority to US08/192,626 priority patent/US5476293A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
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    • F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
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    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/066—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems characterised by the use of dynamo-electric machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/16—Air or water being indistinctly used as working fluid, i.e. the machine can work equally with air or water without any modification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7062—Application in combination with an electrical generator of the direct current (D.C.) type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7064—Application in combination with an electrical generator of the alternating current (A.C.) type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05B2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
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    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
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Abstract

本发明为针对不稳定旋转运动源寻求其在机械 能旋转不稳定的情形下，借助本差动分配型电能储配 系统，使得极低的旋转机械能及极高过量的旋转机械 能皆能被本系统有效地吸收及转换为电能，从而有效 地提高其转换效率，以及进一步在离峰用电时段，借 助操控交流发电机作电机运转以驱动直流电机作发 电机运转，以对蓄电池作储能充电。

Description

本发明是关于一种差动分配型电能储配系统。
借助旋转机构以将不稳定能源转换为电力的传统方式，通常包括以风力、海流、潮汐、波浪、河川、水流等作为中小型电力的来源，但是上述气流或水流皆为不稳定的间歇能源，其机械能呈突然增大的峰值或较低的谷值，皆较难为目前发电装置所吸收。
本发明的主要目的，在于提供一种差动分配型电能储配系统，为针对上述缺失，将较弱的流体动能与来自蓄电池放电所驱动的直流电机旋转动能相加，以驱动交流发电机而不致因流力过弱而无法利用，以及在流力较强时藉差动轮系同时驱动交流发电机及直流充电机组对蓄电池充电而获较高利用效率，以及藉交流发电机在离峰电力时段作同步电机运转以驱动直流电机作为发电机对蓄电池作储能充电，较传统单一电机耦合于螺旋浆转轴的方式确有功能增进。
本发明的目的是通过如下构思实现的：
本发明主要系针对上述缺失而提供一种差动分配型电能储配系统，该系统主要构成包括将流力能转换为机械旋转能的螺旋浆旋转动力源，以及兼具发电机及电动机功能的直流电机组及蓄电池组及交流发电机组，而螺旋浆配有辅助刹车器及转速检测装置，上述三者共同借助一行星齿轮组共同啮合，并藉一共同中央控制装置（CCU）实现下列操控：
（1）螺旋浆速度太低或为零时，驱动辅助刹车器锁住螺旋浆及进一步藉蓄电池驱动直流电机经差动轮组传递至交流发电机以产生市电频率;或选择停止所有工作状态;
（2）螺旋浆转速偏低时，交流发电机所需的驱动转速不足，则藉交流发电机反馈的频率及电压值输入中央控制装置，以操控直流电机藉由蓄电池电能作适量驱动，经差动轮系使两者的合成转速可达到交流发电机产生所需频率的转速;
（3）当螺旋浆转速较快时，可选择驱动直流发电机侧的刹车装置使交流发电机被启动并以最大电流传输至交流电力网络，或同时驱动交流发电机传输至交流电力网络及直流电机呈发电机功能向蓄电池组充电，当螺旋浆仍被过度驱动时，则除同时驱动交流及直流发电机外，并可如传统方式改变螺旋浆的螺旋角或启动藉液力或机械力或电磁涡流所构成的阻尼器，以抑制其过量的驱动。
以下配合附图详细说明本发明的特征及优点：
图1所示为本发明的主要结构示意图。
如图所示，本发明的主要结构包括：
直流电机组101：为传统式永磁或绕组激磁式直流电机，可借助中央控制装置CCU102的操控而切换为直流发电机或直流电动机，当作为发电机时，为接受差动轮系的旋转机械能转换产生直流电能，以便对蓄电池103充电;当作为电动机时，则接受蓄电池电力经中央控制装置CCU102的操控驱动直流电机组101，带动差动轮系的齿轮进而驱动交流发电机;
一中央控制单元CCU102：为由机电或固态电子元件所构成的中央控制单元以便操控下列元件作成下列操作状态，包含：
（1）直流电机作发电机的接线切换以及对蓄电池充电电流量的控制;
（2）直流电机作为电动机运转，并根据交流发电机发电频率及负载电流以及螺旋浆的转速信号按照其不足值进行操控直流电机转速及驱动电流，以作补充性驱动协助驱动交流发电机;
（3）对交流发电机的激磁操控，以操控其发电电压及负载调整率;
（4）操控交流发电机侧的刹车器，以单独由螺旋浆与直流电机相互传动;
（5）操控螺旋浆的螺旋角调整或操控过转速阻尼器;
（6）操控螺旋浆的刹车器110以锁紧螺旋浆，以由直流电机驱动交流发电机作交流发电输出，或由交流电源输入交流电能以将交流发电机作电机运转驱动直流电机作为直流发电机对蓄电池充电;
差动齿轮组包括输出入轴齿轮104、外环输出入齿轮105及由齿轮106构成的周转轮：所述两输出入轴及周转轮可自由选择将耦合的转轴配设刹车装置，而与直流电机耦合的转轴亦设有刹车装置，与螺旋浆耦合的转轴亦设有刹车装置及过转速阻尼器;
交流发电机111：为接受差动轮系的驱动以产生交流电能;其电压值及频率同时反馈至CCU102以接受操控;并进一步作为同步电动机以接受交流市电输入驱动运转;
螺旋浆109：为供风力或液力驱动，产生旋转机械能以带动差动轮，可进一步设有由中央控制装置CCU102所操控的变节距操控装置及由液力或机构力或藉电磁涡流效应构成的过转速阻尼器、转速检测装置、刹车装置等。
借助上述创新的设置，可将较弱的流体动能与来自蓄电池放电所驱动的直流电机旋转动能相加，以驱动交流发电机而不致因流力过弱而无法利用，以及在流力较强时藉差动轮系同时驱动交流发电机及直流充电机对蓄电池充电而获较高利用效率，以及藉交流发电机在离峰电力时段作同步电机运转以驱动直流电机作为发电机对蓄电池作储能充电，较传统单一电机耦合于螺旋浆转轴的方式确有功能增进，并具实用价值。

Claims (1)

1、一种差动分配型电能储配系统，其特征在于包括将流力能转换为机械旋转能的螺旋浆旋转动力源，以及兼具发电机及电动机功能的直流电机组及蓄电池组及交流发电机组，螺旋浆配有辅助刹车器及转速检测装置，所述三者共同藉一行星齿轮组共同啮合，并藉一共同中央控制装置(CCU)进行下列操控：
(1)螺旋浆速度太低或为零时，驱动辅助刹车器锁住螺旋浆及进一步藉蓄电池驱动直流电机经差动轮组传递至交流发电机以产生市电频率；或选择停止所有工作状态；
(2)螺旋浆转速偏低时，交流发电机所需的驱动转速不足，则藉交流发电机反馈的频率及电压值输入中央控制装置，以操控直流电机藉由蓄电池电能作适量驱动，经差动轮系使两者的合成转速达到交流发电机产生所需频率的转速；
(3)当螺旋浆转速较快时，选择驱动直流发电机侧的刹车装置使交流发电机被启动并以最大电流传输至交流电力网络，或同时驱动交流发电机传输至交流电力网络及直流电机呈发电机功能向蓄电池组充电，当螺旋浆仍被过度驱动时，除同时驱动交流及直流发电机外，并按传统方式改变螺旋浆的螺旋角或启动藉液力或机械力或电磁涡流所构成的阻尼器，以抑制其过量的驱动；
所述差动分配型电能储配系统结构包括：
直流电机组101：为传统的永磁或绕组激磁式直流电机，可借助中央控制装置CCU102的操控而切换为直流发电机或直流电动机，当作为发电机时为接受差动轮系的旋转机械能转换产生直流电能对蓄电池103充电；当作为电动机时则接受蓄电池电力经中央控制装置CCU102的操控驱动直流电机组101，带动差动轮系的齿轮进而驱动交流发电机；
一中央控制单元CCU102：为由机电或固态电子元件所构成的中央控制单元，供操控下列元件作成下列操作状态：
(1)直流电机作发电机的接线切换以及对蓄电池充电电流量的控制；
(2)直流电机作为电动机运转，并根据交流发电机发电频率及负载电流以及螺旋浆的转速信号，按照其不足值进行操控直流电机转速及驱动电流以作补充性驱动协助驱动交流发电机；
(3)对交流发电机的激磁操控，以操控其发电电压及负载调整率；
(4)操控交流发电机侧的刹车器以单独由螺旋浆与直流电机相互传动；
(5)操控螺旋浆的螺旋角调整或操控过转速阻尼器；
(6)操控螺旋浆的刹车器110以锁紧螺旋浆，以由直流电机驱动交流发电机作交流发电输出，或由交流电源输入交流电能以将交流发电机作电机运转驱动直流电机作为直流发电机对蓄电池充电；
差动齿轮组包括输出入轴齿轮104、外环输出入齿轮105及由齿轮106构成的周转轮：所述两输出入轴及周转轮可自由选择将耦合的转轴配设刹车装置，而与直流电机耦合的转轴亦设有刹车装置，与螺旋浆耦合的转轴亦设有刹车装置及过转速阻尼器；
交流发电机111：为接受差动轮系的驱动以产生交流电能；其电压值及频率同时反馈至CCU102以接受操控；并进一步作为同步电动机以接受交流市电输入驱动运转；
螺旋浆109：为供风力或液力驱动作旋转机械能以带动差动轮，可进一步设有由中央控制装置CCU102所操控的变节距操控装置及由液力可机械力或藉电磁涡流效应构成的过转速阻尼器、转速检测装置、刹车装置。
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GB9303486A GB2275377B (en) 1993-02-22 1993-02-22 An electric energy generation and storage apparatus
DE69411697T DE69411697T2 (de) 1993-02-22 1994-02-04 System zur Generation und Speicherung elektrischer Energie
EP94300824A EP0666633B1 (en) 1993-02-22 1994-02-04 An electric energy generation and storage apparatus
ES94300824T ES2118322T3 (es) 1993-02-22 1994-02-04 Aparato para la generacion y almacenamiento de energia electrica.
US08/192,626 US5476293A (en) 1993-02-22 1994-02-07 Electric energy storage and distribution system of differential distribution type
CN94102011A CN1045236C (zh) 1993-02-22 1994-02-17 差动分配型电能储配系统

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US08/192,626 US5476293A (en) 1993-02-22 1994-02-07 Electric energy storage and distribution system of differential distribution type
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CN1045236C (zh) 1999-09-22
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