CN110725725A - Gas and steam combined cycle system and method based on heat storage starting - Google Patents
Gas and steam combined cycle system and method based on heat storage starting Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 99
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/10—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/101—Regulating means specially adapted therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a gas and steam combined cycle system and a method based on heat storage starting. The heat accumulator is arranged to store heat by using high-temperature flue gas of the gas turbine, auxiliary steam is generated by replacing a starting boiler in the starting process of the unit, heating steam is generated in the low-load or even shutdown state of the gas turbine to meet the heat demand of a user, the safe and stable operation of the combined cycle unit is improved, the thermoelectric coordination proportion of the system is improved, and the combined cycle unit has a good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gas-steam combined cycle and heat storage technology, in particular to a gas-steam combined cycle system and a method based on heat storage starting.
Technical Field
With the change of the electricity utilization structure in China, the peak-valley difference of a power grid is gradually increased, and in order to ensure the stability of a power system, the gas-steam combined cycle system is high in starting and stopping speed and economical efficiency and can be used as a peak shaving unit to participate in the operation of the power grid, and meanwhile, in order to improve the energy utilization efficiency, the gas-steam combined cycle system adopts an energy supply mode of cogeneration.
Because the gas-steam combined cycle unit is mainly used for peak shaving, a running mode of 'two shift system' of daily start and night stop is generally adopted, according to the starting characteristic of the gas-steam combined cycle unit, a starting boiler is required to be equipped to provide steam for a turbine shaft seal, feed water heating and deoxidization which are required in the starting process of the unit, a large amount of fuel is additionally consumed by auxiliary steam in the starting process, the running operation difficulty of operators is increased, the defects of poor control of a combustor, blocking of a fan baffle, poor adjustment performance of a smoke baffle and the like exist, the phenomena of incapability of starting and multiple tripping in normal running occur, the insufficient supply of auxiliary steam in the starting process of the unit and incapability of normally supplying shaft seal steam are caused, the events of forced interruption and delayed starting in the starting process of the unit occur occasionally, and certain loss is brought to the economic benefit of a power. On the other hand, the operation characteristic that the gas-steam combined cycle system is used as a peak shaving unit to be started and stopped at any time causes that a hot user cannot be satisfied under certain conditions. In order to solve the problem of a large amount of auxiliary steam required in the starting process of the gas-steam combined cycle unit, Chinese patents 201820216462.0 and 201420402926.9 respectively propose that steam generated by a waste heat boiler is used for replacing starting steam, but the starting time of the unit can be prolonged by adopting a mode that the waste heat boiler supplies the starting steam, the fuel consumption is increased, and the complexity of coordination with power grid dispatching during the starting period is increased. In addition, the problem of thermoelectric demand mismatch during peak shaving is not addressed.
Therefore, an alternative way to start-up the boiler to provide auxiliary steam is sought to change the passive situation that the unit can only be started up by starting-up the boiler and to correspondingly reduce the energy consumption of starting-up the boiler and to achieve high-grade heating of the combined cycle unit under low load, high thermoelectric demand ratio and even shutdown conditions.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the problems and provides a gas-steam combined cycle system and a method based on heat storage starting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a gas-steam combined cycle system based on heat storage starting comprises a gas turbine, a generator, another generator, a main flue gas pipeline, a waste heat boiler, a main steam pipeline, a steam turbine, a condenser, a main water pipe, a main water pump, a main water inlet valve, a low-pressure heater, a deaerator, a high-pressure heater, a bypass flue gas inlet valve, a bypass flue gas pipe, a primary high-temperature heat accumulator, a secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator, a heat storage water inlet valve, a heat storage water charging bypass pipe, a heat storage low-pressure steam pipe, a heat storage high-pressure steam check valve, a steam extraction and heat supply pipe, a steam extraction outlet valve, a heat supply steam outlet valve, a heat supply station, a low-pressure heating steam extraction pipe, a high-pressure heating steam extraction pipe, a deaerator heating steam branch pipe, a pressure controller, a heat storage, A heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve, a heat storage steam seal steam bypass inlet valve and a heat storage steam seal steam bypass pipe;
the gas turbine is connected with the generator in sequence; the gas turbine is connected with the waste heat boiler through a main flue gas pipeline; the waste heat boiler is connected with the steam turbine through a main steam pipeline; the steam turbine is connected with another generator; the exhaust steam of the steam turbine enters a condenser; the condenser, the main water pump, the low-pressure heater, the deaerator, the high-pressure heater and the waste heat boiler are sequentially connected through a main water pipe; a main water inlet valve is arranged on a main water pipe between the main water pump and the low-pressure heater; a bypass flue gas pipe is arranged on the main flue gas pipeline; a bypass flue gas inlet valve is arranged at the inlet of the bypass flue gas pipe; the primary high-temperature heat accumulator and the secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator are connected through a bypass flue gas pipe; a heat accumulation and water supplement bypass pipe is arranged on the main water pipe between the main water pump and the main water inlet valve; the inlet of the heat storage and water supplement bypass pipe is provided with a heat storage and water supplement inlet valve, and the heat storage and water supplement bypass pipe, the secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator and the heat storage low-pressure steam pipe are sequentially connected; the heat storage low-pressure steam pipe, the primary high-temperature heat accumulator and the heat storage high-pressure steam pipe are sequentially connected; the high-pressure steam pipe and the steam extraction heat supply pipe are connected in parallel and then are connected to a heat supply station; a heat storage high-pressure steam check valve and a steam extraction outlet valve are respectively arranged at the parallel inlets of the heat storage high-pressure steam pipe and the steam extraction heat supply pipe, and a heat supply steam outlet valve is arranged in front of the heat supply station; the steam turbine is respectively connected with the low-pressure heater and the high-pressure heater through a low-pressure heating exhaust pipe and a high-pressure heating exhaust pipe; a deaerator heating steam branch pipe is arranged on the high-pressure heating steam extraction pipe, and the deaerator heating steam branch pipe is sequentially connected with the pressure controller and the deaerator; the heat storage low-pressure steam pipe is connected with the low-pressure heating exhaust pipe through a heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch pipe, and a heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve is arranged at the inlet of the heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch pipe; the heat storage high-pressure steam pipe is connected with the high-pressure heating steam extraction pipe through a heat storage high-pressure heating steam branch pipe, and a heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve is arranged at the inlet of the heat storage high-pressure heating steam branch pipe; the heat accumulation high-pressure heating steam bypass pipe positioned at the upper part of the heat accumulation high-pressure heating steam inlet valve is connected with a steam seal steam inlet of the steam turbine through a heat accumulation steam seal bypass pipe, and a heat accumulation steam seal bypass inlet valve is arranged at the inlet of the heat accumulation steam seal bypass pipe.
A gas-steam combined cycle method based on heat accumulation starting by using the combined cycle system comprises four working state processes:
the heat storage state process: when the heat supply load at the side of the steam turbine is insufficient or the steam turbine runs at normal load, the heat storage water supplementing inlet valve, the heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve, the heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve and the heat storage steam seal steam bypass inlet valve are in a closed state; opening a bypass flue gas inlet valve, enabling a part of high-temperature flue gas exhausted by the gas turbine to sequentially flow into the first-stage high-temperature heat accumulator and the second-stage medium-temperature heat accumulator through a bypass flue gas pipe for heat exchange, storing a part of high-grade heat energy in the heat accumulators, and realizing a heat accumulation process by reducing the thermoelectric load of the side of the steam turbine; when the heat accumulator reaches the set temperature, closing a bypass flue gas inlet valve to finish heat accumulation work;
the heat storage and supply state process comprises: when the electric load demand is low, the gas turbine is stopped, the heat load demand exists, and the bypass flue gas inlet valve, the main water inlet valve, the heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve, the heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve and the heat storage steam seal bypass inlet valve are all in a closed state; opening a heat storage and water supplement inlet valve and a heat supply steam outlet valve, enabling condensed water to sequentially flow into the secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator and the primary high-temperature heat accumulator through the main water pump to be heated to generate high-pressure superheated steam, and conveying the high-pressure superheated steam to a heat supply station through a heat storage high-pressure steam pipe to meet the heat demand of a user under the shutdown condition;
the heat accumulation starting state process: when the electric load demand appears again, the gas turbine starts to operate again, on the basis of the heat storage and heat supply state process, a heat storage steam seal steam bypass inlet valve is opened, and heat storage high-pressure steam flows into the steam turbine through a steam turbine steam seal steam bypass pipe and is used for steam seal steam during the starting of the steam turbine; meanwhile, the gas turbine starts to start and drives the generator to generate electricity, and the flue gas enters the waste heat boiler through the main flue gas pipeline to be heated; condensed water in the condenser enters a waste heat boiler through a main water pipe through a main water pump to generate main steam which enters a steam turbine;
when the heat storage steam is sufficient, a heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve and a heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve are opened, part of low-pressure steam generated by the secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator enters a low-pressure heater through a heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch pipe and a low-pressure heating exhaust pipe to heat feed water, and part of high-pressure steam generated by the primary high-temperature heat accumulator enters a high-pressure heater and a deaerator to heat feed water through the heat storage high-pressure heating steam branch pipe, the high-pressure heating exhaust pipe and a deaerator heating steam branch pipe respectively;
when the heat storage and supply load is insufficient, a heat supply steam outlet valve, a heat storage high-pressure heating steam branch pipe and a heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve are sequentially closed, so that heat supply is reduced, and steam for steam sealing is ensured;
thermoelectric cooperative state: when the side heat demand of the user side is low, the heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve, the heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve, the heat storage gland seal steam bypass inlet valve, the heat storage water replenishing inlet valve and the heat storage high-pressure steam check valve are all in a closed state, and the bypass flue gas inlet valve is opened, so that a part of high-temperature flue gas sequentially flows into the primary high-temperature heat accumulator and the secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator for heat storage;
when the air exhaust ratio of the steam turbine 6 reaches the maximum and still cannot meet the heat demand of a user, a heat storage water supplementing inlet valve and a heat storage high-pressure steam check valve are opened, condensed water sequentially flows into the second-stage medium-temperature heat accumulator and the first-stage high-temperature heat accumulator through the main water pump to be heated to generate high-pressure superheated steam, the high-pressure superheated steam is converged with steam turbine heat supply steam in the steam extraction heat supply pipe through the heat storage high-pressure steam pipe to reach a heat supply station.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the main advantages that:
(1) the steam accumulator is introduced to generate steam to replace a starting furnace, and the steam utilization requirements required in the steam seal of a steam turbine and the heating and deoxidizing process of a waste heat boiler in the combined cycle starting process of the fuel gas and the steam are met. Meanwhile, the heat storage system is safe and reliable, simple in structure and convenient to install and operate, reduces the failure rate of power plant equipment, reduces the safety risk of starting the furnace to operate, and improves the safety and the economical efficiency of the whole unit.
(2) The invention can provide steam of various grades by adopting a step heat storage mode, meets the requirements of different grades of steam in the starting stage, and improves the utilization efficiency of energy and the flexibility of operation.
(3) The invention adopts the introduction of heat accumulation and heat supply, solves the contradiction of stable heat supply load in the process of frequently starting and stopping the gas turbine, and achieves the purpose of high-efficiency operation of the thermoelectric cooperation operation of the frequently started and stopped units.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gas-steam combined cycle system based on regenerative start-up;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a heat storage state;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a heat storage and supply state;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a heat accumulation start state;
fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a thermoelectric cooperation state.
In the figure: the system comprises a gas turbine 1, a generator 2, a main flue gas pipeline 3, a waste heat boiler 4, a main steam pipeline 5, a steam turbine 6, a condenser 7, a main water pipe 8, a main water pump 9, a main water inlet valve 10, a low-pressure heater 11, a deaerator 12, a high-pressure heater 13, a bypass flue gas inlet valve 14, a bypass flue gas pipe 15, a primary high-temperature heat accumulator 16, a secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator 17, a heat accumulation and water supplement inlet valve 18, a heat accumulation bypass water supplement pipe 19, a heat accumulation low-pressure steam pipe 20, a heat accumulation high-pressure steam pipe 21, a heat accumulation high-pressure steam check valve 22, an extraction and heat supply pipe 23, an extraction and outlet valve 24, a heat supply steam valve 25, a heat supply station 26, a low-pressure heating extraction pipe 27, a high-pressure heating extraction pipe 28, a deaerator heating steam branch pipeline 29, a pressure controller 30, a heat accumulation, A regenerative high pressure heating steam inlet valve 34, a regenerative gland seal steam bypass inlet valve 35, and a regenerative gland seal steam bypass pipe 36.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a gas-steam combined cycle system based on heat accumulation start-up comprises: a gas turbine 1, a generator 2-1, another generator 2-2, a main flue gas pipeline 3, a waste heat boiler 4, a main steam pipeline 5, a steam turbine 6, a condenser 7, a main water pipe 8, a main water pump 9, a main water inlet valve 10, a low pressure heater 11, a deaerator 12, a high pressure heater 13, a bypass flue gas valve 14, a bypass flue gas pipe 15, a primary high temperature heat accumulator 16, a secondary medium temperature heat accumulator 17, a heat accumulation and water replenishing valve 18, a heat accumulation and water replenishing bypass pipe 19, a heat accumulation low pressure steam pipe 20, a heat accumulation high pressure steam pipe 21, a heat accumulation high pressure steam check valve 22, a steam extraction and heat supply pipe 23, a steam extraction and outlet valve 24, a heat supply steam outlet valve 25, a heat supply station 26, a low pressure heating steam extraction pipe 27, a high pressure heating steam extraction pipe 28, a deaerator heating steam bypass pipe 29, a pressure controller 30, a heat accumulation low, A heat accumulation high-pressure heating steam bypass pipe 33, a heat accumulation high-pressure heating steam inlet valve 34, a heat accumulation steam seal bypass inlet valve 35 and a heat accumulation steam seal bypass pipe 36.
The gas turbine 1 is connected with a generator 2-1 in sequence; the gas turbine 1 is connected with a waste heat boiler 4 through a main flue gas pipeline 3; the waste heat boiler 4 is connected with a steam turbine 6 through a main steam pipeline 5; the steam turbine 6 is connected with another generator 2-2; the exhaust steam of the steam turbine 6 enters a condenser 7; the condenser 7, the main water pump 9, the low-pressure heater 11, the deaerator 12, the high-pressure heater 13 and the waste heat boiler 4 are sequentially connected through the main water pipe 8; a main water inlet valve 10 is arranged on a main water pipe (8) between a main water pump 9 and a low-pressure heater 11; a bypass flue gas pipe 15 is arranged on the main flue gas pipeline 3; a bypass flue gas inlet valve 14 is arranged at the inlet of the bypass flue gas pipe 15; the primary high-temperature heat accumulator 16 and the secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator 17 are connected through a bypass flue gas pipe 15; a heat accumulation and water supplement bypass pipe 19 is arranged on the main water pipe 8 between the main water pump 9 and the main water inlet valve 10; a heat storage water replenishing valve 18 is arranged at the inlet of the heat storage water replenishing bypass pipe 19, and the heat storage water replenishing bypass pipe 19, the secondary medium temperature heat accumulator 17 and the heat storage low pressure steam pipe 20 are sequentially connected; the heat storage low-pressure steam pipe 20, the primary high-temperature heat accumulator 16 and the heat storage high-pressure steam pipe 21 are sequentially connected; the high-pressure steam pipe 21 and the steam extraction heat supply pipe 23 are connected in parallel and then are connected to a heat supply station 26; a heat storage high-pressure steam check valve 22 and a steam extraction outlet valve 24 are respectively arranged at the parallel inlets of the heat storage high-pressure steam pipe 21 and the steam extraction and heat supply pipe 23, and a heat supply steam outlet valve 25 is arranged in front of a heat supply station 26; the steam turbine 6 is respectively connected with the low-pressure heater 11 and the high-pressure heater 13 through a low-pressure heating steam extraction pipe 27 and a high-pressure heating steam extraction pipe 28; a deaerator heating steam branch pipe 29 is arranged on the high-pressure heating steam extraction pipe 28, and the deaerator heating steam branch pipe 29 is sequentially connected with a pressure controller 30 and the deaerator 12; the heat accumulation low-pressure steam pipe 20 is connected with the low-pressure heating exhaust pipe 27 through a heat accumulation low-pressure heating steam branch pipe 32, and a heat accumulation low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve 31 is arranged at the inlet of the heat accumulation low-pressure heating steam branch pipe 32; the heat storage high-pressure steam pipe 21 is connected with the high-pressure heating steam extraction pipe 28 through a heat storage high-pressure heating steam branch pipe 33, and a heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve 34 is arranged at the inlet of the heat storage high-pressure heating steam branch pipe 33; the regenerative high-pressure heating steam bypass pipe 33 located upstream of the regenerative high-pressure heating steam inlet valve 34 is connected to the steam seal inlet port of the steam turbine 6 through a regenerative steam seal bypass pipe 36, and the inlet of the regenerative steam seal bypass pipe 36 is provided with a regenerative steam seal bypass inlet valve 35.
The gas-steam combined cycle method based on heat accumulation starting by using the combined cycle system comprises the following four working state processes:
as shown in fig. 2, the heat accumulation state process: when the heat supply load on the side of the steam turbine is insufficient or the steam turbine operates under normal load, the heat storage water supplementing valve 18, the heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve 31, the heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve 34 and the heat storage steam seal bypass inlet valve 35 are in a closed state. And (3) opening a bypass flue gas inlet valve 14, enabling a part of high-temperature flue gas discharged by the gas turbine 1 to sequentially flow into a first-stage high-temperature heat accumulator 16 and a second-stage medium-temperature heat accumulator 17 through a bypass flue gas pipe 15 for heat exchange, storing a part of high-grade heat energy in the heat accumulators, and realizing a heat storage process by reducing the thermoelectric load of the side of the turbine. When the heat accumulator reaches the set temperature, the bypass flue gas inlet valve 14 is closed, and the heat accumulation work is finished.
As shown in fig. 3, the heat storage and supply state process: when the electric load demand is low, the gas turbine stops working, the heat load demand exists, and the bypass flue gas inlet valve 14, the main water inlet valve 10, the heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve 31, the heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve 34 and the heat storage steam seal bypass inlet valve 35 are all in a closed state. And opening a heat storage and water supplement inlet valve 18 and a heat supply steam outlet valve 25, enabling condensed water to sequentially flow into the secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator 17 and the primary high-temperature heat accumulator 16 through the main water pump 9 to be heated to generate high-pressure superheated steam, and conveying the high-pressure superheated steam to a heat supply station 26 through a heat storage high-pressure steam pipe 21 to meet the heat demand of a user under the shutdown condition.
As shown in fig. 4, the heat accumulation start-up state process: when the electric load demand appears again, the gas turbine starts to operate again, and on the basis of the heat storage and heat supply state process, the heat storage steam seal steam bypass inlet valve 35 is opened, and heat storage high-pressure steam flows into the steam turbine 6 through the steam turbine steam seal steam bypass pipe 36 and is used for steam seal steam during the starting of the steam turbine. Meanwhile, the gas turbine 1 starts to drive the generator 2-1 to generate power, and the flue gas enters the waste heat boiler 4 for heating through the main flue gas pipeline 3. Condensed water in the condenser 7 enters the waste heat boiler 4 through a main water pipe 8 through a main water pump 9 to generate main steam, and the main steam enters the steam turbine 6.
When the heat storage steam is sufficient, the heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve 34 and the heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve 31 are opened, part of the low-pressure steam generated by the secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator 17 enters the low-pressure heater 11 through the heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch pipe 32 and the low-pressure heating steam extraction pipe 27 to heat the feed water, and part of the high-pressure steam generated by the primary high-temperature heat accumulator 16 enters the high-pressure heater 13 and the deaerator 12 to heat the feed water through the heat storage high-pressure heating steam branch pipe 33, the high-pressure heating steam extraction pipe 28 and the deaerator heating steam branch pipe 29.
When the heat storage and supply load is insufficient, the heat supply steam outlet valve 25, the heat storage high-pressure heating steam branch pipe 33 and the heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve 31 are closed in sequence, so that heat supply is reduced, and steam sealing is guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 5, the thermoelectric cooperative state: when the user side heat demand is low, at the moment, the heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve 31, the heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve 34, the heat storage steam seal steam bypass inlet valve 35, the heat storage water replenishing inlet valve 18 and the heat storage high-pressure steam check valve 22 are all in a closed state, and the bypass flue gas inlet valve 14 is opened, so that a part of high-temperature flue gas sequentially flows into the primary high-temperature heat accumulator 16 and the secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator 17 for heat storage.
When the steam extraction ratio of the steam turbine 6 reaches the maximum and still cannot meet the heat demand of a user, the heat storage water supplement inlet valve 18 and the heat storage high-pressure steam check valve 22 are opened, condensed water sequentially flows into the secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator 17 and the primary high-temperature heat accumulator 16 through the main water pump 9 to be heated to generate high-pressure superheated steam, the high-pressure superheated steam is converged with steam turbine heat supply steam in the steam extraction heat supply pipe 23 through the heat storage high-pressure steam pipe 21 to reach the heat supply station 26, and the steam turbine 6.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the main advantages that:
(1) the steam accumulator is introduced to generate steam to replace a starting furnace, and the steam utilization requirements required in the steam seal of a steam turbine and the heating and deoxidizing process of a waste heat boiler in the combined cycle starting process of the fuel gas and the steam are met. Meanwhile, the heat storage system is safe and reliable, simple in structure and convenient to install and operate, reduces the failure rate of power plant equipment, reduces the safety risk of starting the furnace to operate, and improves the safety and the economical efficiency of the whole unit.
(2) The invention can provide steam of various grades by adopting a step heat storage mode, meets the requirements of different grades of steam in the starting stage, and improves the utilization efficiency of energy and the flexibility of operation.
(3) The invention adopts the introduction of heat accumulation and heat supply, solves the contradiction of stable heat supply load in the process of frequently starting and stopping the gas turbine, and achieves the purpose of high-efficiency operation of the thermoelectric cooperation operation of the frequently started and stopped units.
Claims (2)
1. A gas and steam combined cycle system based on heat storage starting is characterized by comprising a gas turbine (1), a generator (2-1), another generator (2-2), a main flue gas pipeline (3), a waste heat boiler (4), a main steam pipeline (5), a steam turbine (6), a condenser (7), a main water pipe (8), a main water pump (9), a main water inlet valve (10), a low-pressure heater (11), a deaerator (12), a high-pressure heater (13), a bypass flue gas inlet valve (14), a bypass flue gas pipe (15), a primary high-temperature heat accumulator (16), a secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator (17), a heat storage and water inlet valve (18), a water replenishing pipe (19), a heat storage low-pressure steam pipe (20), a heat storage high-pressure steam pipe (21), a heat storage high-pressure steam check valve (22), a steam extraction and heat supply pipe, The system comprises an extraction steam outlet valve (24), a heat supply steam outlet valve (25), a heat supply station (26), a low-pressure heating extraction pipe (27), a high-pressure heating extraction steam pipe (28), a deaerator heating steam branch pipe (29), a pressure controller (30), a heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve (31), a heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch pipe (32), a heat storage high-pressure heating steam branch pipe (33), a heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve (34), a heat storage steam seal bypass inlet valve (35) and a heat storage steam seal bypass (36);
the gas turbine (1) is connected with the generator (2-1) in sequence; the gas turbine (1) is connected with a waste heat boiler (4) through a main flue gas pipeline (3); the waste heat boiler (4) is connected with a steam turbine (6) through a main steam pipeline (5); the steam turbine (6) is connected with another generator (2-2); the exhaust steam of the steam turbine (6) enters a condenser (7); the condenser (7), the main water pump (9), the low-pressure heater (11), the deaerator (12), the high-pressure heater (13) and the waste heat boiler (4) are sequentially connected through the main water pipe (8); a main water inlet valve (10) is arranged on the main water pipe (8) between the main water pump (9) and the low-pressure heater (11); a bypass flue gas pipe (15) is arranged on the main flue gas pipeline (3); a bypass flue gas inlet valve (14) is arranged at the inlet of the bypass flue gas pipe (15); the primary high-temperature heat accumulator (16) is connected with the secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator (17) through a bypass flue gas pipe (15); a heat storage water supply bypass pipe (19) is arranged on the main water pipe (8) between the main water pump (9) and the main water inlet valve (10); a heat storage and water supplement inlet valve (18) is arranged at the inlet of the heat storage and water supplement bypass pipe (19), and the heat storage and water supplement bypass pipe (19), the secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator (17) and the heat storage low-pressure steam pipe (20) are sequentially connected; the heat storage low-pressure steam pipe (20), the primary high-temperature heat storage device (16) and the heat storage high-pressure steam pipe (21) are sequentially connected; the high-pressure steam pipe (21) and the steam extraction and heat supply pipe (23) are connected in parallel and then are connected to a heat supply station (26); a heat storage high-pressure steam check valve (22) and a steam extraction outlet valve (24) are respectively arranged at the parallel inlets of the heat storage high-pressure steam pipe (21) and the steam extraction and heat supply pipe (23), and a heat supply steam outlet valve (25) is arranged in front of the heat supply station (26); the steam turbine (6) is respectively connected with the low-pressure heater (11) and the high-pressure heater (13) through a low-pressure heating exhaust pipe (27) and a high-pressure heating exhaust pipe (28); a deaerator heating steam branch pipe (29) is arranged on the high-pressure heating steam extraction pipe (28), and the deaerator heating steam branch pipe (29) is sequentially connected with a pressure controller (30) and a deaerator (12); the heat accumulation low-pressure steam pipe (20) is connected with the low-pressure heating steam extraction pipe (27) through a heat accumulation low-pressure heating steam branch pipe (32), and a heat accumulation low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve (31) is arranged at the inlet of the heat accumulation low-pressure heating steam branch pipe (32); the heat storage high-pressure steam pipe (21) is connected with the high-pressure heating steam extraction pipe (28) through a heat storage high-pressure heating steam branch pipe (33), and a heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve (34) is arranged at the inlet of the heat storage high-pressure heating steam branch pipe (33); the heat accumulation high-pressure heating steam bypass pipe (33) positioned at the upstream of the heat accumulation high-pressure heating steam inlet valve (34) is connected with a steam seal steam inlet of the steam turbine (6) through a heat accumulation steam seal bypass pipe (36), and the inlet of the heat accumulation steam seal bypass pipe (36) is provided with a heat accumulation steam seal bypass inlet valve (35).
2. A combined cycle method based on regenerative start-up of gas and steam using the combined cycle system according to claim 1, characterized by comprising four operating state processes:
the heat storage state process: when the heat supply load of the turbine side is insufficient or the turbine side operates at normal load, the heat storage water charging inlet valve (18), the heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve (31), the heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve (34) and the heat storage steam seal bypass inlet valve (35) are in a closed state; opening a bypass flue gas inlet valve (14) to enable a part of high-temperature flue gas discharged by the gas turbine (1) to sequentially flow into a first-stage high-temperature heat accumulator (16) and a second-stage medium-temperature heat accumulator (17) through a bypass flue gas pipe (15) for heat exchange, storing a part of high-grade heat energy in the heat accumulators, and realizing a heat accumulation process by reducing the thermoelectric load of the side of the turbine; when the heat accumulator reaches the set temperature, a bypass flue gas inlet valve (14) is closed to finish the heat accumulation work;
the heat storage and supply state process comprises: when the electric load demand is low, the gas turbine is stopped, the heat load demand exists, and the bypass flue gas inlet valve (14), the main water inlet valve (10), the heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve (31), the heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve (34) and the heat storage steam seal bypass inlet valve (35) are all in a closed state; opening a heat storage and water supplement inlet valve (18) and a heat supply steam outlet valve (25), enabling condensed water to sequentially flow into a secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator (17) and a primary high-temperature heat accumulator (16) through a main water pump (9) to be heated to generate high-pressure superheated steam, and conveying the high-pressure superheated steam to a heat supply station (26) through a heat storage high-pressure steam pipe (21), so that the heat demand of a user under the condition of shutdown is met;
the heat accumulation starting state process: when the electric load demand appears again, the gas turbine starts to operate again, on the basis of the heat storage and heat supply state process, a heat storage steam seal steam bypass inlet valve (35) is opened, and heat storage high-pressure steam flows into a steam turbine (6) through a steam turbine steam seal steam bypass pipe (36) and is used for steam seal steam during the starting of the steam turbine; meanwhile, the gas turbine (1) starts to drive the generator (2-1) to generate electricity, and the flue gas enters the waste heat boiler (4) for heating through the main flue gas pipeline (3); condensed water in the condenser (7) enters the waste heat boiler (4) through a main water pipe (8) through a main water pump (9) to generate main steam which enters the steam turbine (6);
when the heat storage steam is sufficient, a heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve (34) and a heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve (31) are opened, part of low-pressure steam generated by the secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator (17) enters the low-pressure heater (11) through a heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch pipe (32) and a low-pressure heating air extraction pipe (27) to heat feed water, and part of high-pressure steam generated by the primary high-temperature heat accumulator (16) enters the high-pressure heater (13) and the deaerator (12) to heat feed water through a heat storage high-pressure heating steam branch pipe (33), a high-pressure heating air extraction pipe (28) and a deaerator heating steam branch pipe (29);
when the heat storage and supply load is insufficient, a heat supply steam outlet valve (25), a heat storage high-pressure heating steam branch pipe (33) and a heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve (31) are closed in sequence, so that heat supply is reduced, and steam for steam sealing is ensured;
thermoelectric cooperative state: when the heat demand of the user side is low, the heat storage low-pressure heating steam branch inlet valve (31), the heat storage high-pressure heating steam inlet valve (34), the heat storage steam seal steam bypass inlet valve (35), the heat storage water supplementing inlet valve (18) and the heat storage high-pressure steam check valve (22) are all in a closed state, and the bypass flue gas inlet valve (14) is opened, so that a part of high-temperature flue gas sequentially flows into the primary high-temperature heat accumulator (16) and the secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator (17) for heat storage;
when the air extraction ratio of the steam turbine 6 reaches the maximum and still cannot meet the heat demand of a user, a heat storage water supplementing inlet valve (18) and a heat storage high-pressure steam check valve (22) are opened, condensed water sequentially flows into a secondary medium-temperature heat accumulator (17) and a primary high-temperature heat accumulator (16) through a main water pump (9) to be heated to generate high-pressure superheated steam, the high-pressure superheated steam is converged with steam turbine heat supply steam in a steam extraction and heat supply pipe (23) through a heat storage high-pressure steam pipe (21) to reach a heat supply station (26), and the steam.
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