CN110724158A - 一种有机荧光硅量子点及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种有机荧光硅量子点及其制备方法和应用,该有机荧光硅量子点由硫酸奎宁和硅烷化试剂通过摩尔比为1:2‑2:1反应获得。本发明通过一步水热法制备的有机荧光硅量子点是一种全新纳米荧光材料,制备的有机荧光硅量子点展现出较强的荧光和良好的水分散性,展现出良好的荧光光谱性能,并且具有良好的生物相容性和稳定的抗光致荧光漂白以及硅纳米荧光光学调控;同时本发明的制备方法简单方便,原料来源广,成本低,适用于工业化生产应用。本发明制备的有机荧光硅量子点基于各种优良特性,可以作为荧光标记物应用于细胞成像和多色细胞成像中,用于制备成荧光探针。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学纳米材料领域,具体涉及一种有机荧光硅量子点及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近年来硅量子点由于其独特的光学特性而受到越来越多的关注。硅量子点是一种零维半导体荧光纳米材料,尤其是有机硅量子点具有良好的生物相容性和稳定的抗光致荧光漂白以及硅纳米荧光光学调控,使其成为替代荧光染料应用于生物测定和荧光成像理想候选材料。然而,传统“top-down”方法制备获得的疏水性硅量子点,通常荧光量子产率较低,亲水性修饰后荧光量子产率会进一步降低,发光单一,限制了其生物成像应用。2014年,Sellinger教授的研究团队首次报道了通过设计含空穴传输基团三苯胺的炔烃表面配体来修饰端基为氢的硅纳米颗粒,变了硅纳米颗粒内部的电子能级结构。配体的HOMO能级与硅纳米颗粒的价带发生相互作用,导致配体的HOMO能级与硅纳米颗粒的LUMO能级分开,形成了新的能级带,从而导致硅纳米颗粒产生了近100nm的红移。Meng等使用水热法制备了表面带有氨基的水溶性硅量子点,并用它作为荧光探针实现了对锰离子的检测,检测的线性范围为2.5~250μM,检测限为1.1μM。这一研究成果的取得,为硅点进一步发展和实际应用展开了一个美好的前景。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种有机荧光硅量子点(有机硅点),本发明制备合成的有机荧光硅量子点为高荧光纳米有机硅点,具有高的量子荧光产率,荧光稳定性高,解决了传统荧光染料因光照导致荧光强度显著降低的现象。
本发明还提供一种有机荧光硅量子点的制备方法和应用。
技术方案:为了实现上述目的,如本发明所述的一种有机荧光硅量子点,由硫酸奎宁和硅烷化试剂通过摩尔比为1:2-2:1反应获得。
其中,所述硅烷化试剂为乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷(Ethen);3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MEMO);(3-巯基丙基)三甲氧基硅烷(Mmdms);或者3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(Glymo)。
作为优选:硫酸奎宁分别与四种硅烷化试剂摩尔比为1:1,反应所获得有机荧光硅量子点,简称为有机硅点分别标记为H1、H2、H3、H4。
其中,所述有机荧光硅量子点为无定形的纳米颗粒。
其中,所述有机荧光硅量子点直径2nm-25nm,优选在2nm-20nm之间,直径随反应时间延长而增大。
其中,所述有机荧光硅量子点具有荧光性能,在450nm—550nm波长附近具有强的荧光发射峰。
本发明所述的有机荧光硅量子点的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)按比例加入硅烷化试剂和硫酸奎宁于一定量的水溶液中,充分混合溶解,一步水热法加热反应,然后停止加热,冷却,取出反应溶液透析掉未反应物,最后再将低速离心去掉沉淀,得到有机荧光硅量子点水溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)中有机荧光硅量子点水溶液冷冻干燥获得产物的固体粉末为有机荧光硅量子点。其中,离心后剩余液体为有机硅点,可以直接保存于冰箱或冷冻干燥获得产物的固体粉末。
作为优选,步骤(1)所述的一步水热法加热反应的反应温度140-200℃,时间为2-12小时。最优选的为,反应温度为160℃,时间为4h。
其中,步骤(1)所述的取出反应溶液透析掉未反应物为取出反应溶液转移至500ka透析膜,透析24-36小时。
本发明所述的有机荧光硅量子点在制备生物荧光探针中的应用。
其中,所述应用包括在生物荧光成像领域制成荧光探针,该荧光探针具有良好的生物相容性和稳定的抗光致荧光漂白。
本发明中的原料均市售可得。
本发明的利用硫酸奎宁与4种不同的硅烷化试剂,在耐压管(或水热反应釜)中高温进行反应。制得了4种不同的有机硅点(有机荧光硅量子点),合成的有机硅点的荧光波长相较于硫酸奎宁,荧光发射波长大幅红移;同时,合成的有机硅点具有很好的抗光致荧光漂白,MTT实验及生物成像表明合成的有机硅点具有良好的生物相容性,可应用于生物成像领域,尤其是细胞成像领域。
本发明的硫酸奎宁与硅烷化试剂在高温下通过酰胺反应聚合成纳米小颗粒,形成的纳米颗粒相比于硫酸奎宁,具有更好的水溶性,由于含有硅元素,所以具有更好的生物相容性,此外,由于这类新生成的有机硅点,相比于荧光染料,在光照下具有更好的光稳定性能。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
本发明通过一步水热法制备的有机荧光硅量子点是一种全新纳米荧光材料,制备的有机荧光硅量子点展现出较强的荧光和良好的水分散性,其荧光光谱最大发射峰可从380nm红移至550nm,并在450nm—550nm波长附近具有强的荧光发射峰展现出良好的荧光光谱性能,并且具有良好的生物相容性和稳定的抗光致荧光漂白以及硅纳米荧光光学调控;同时本发明的制备方法简单方便,原料来源广,成本低,适用于工业化生产应用;本发明的有机荧光硅量子点由于其独特的光学性质使其成为生物测定和荧光成像理想候选材料。
本发明制备的有机荧光硅量子点发生了很大的红移,展现出良好的激发波长依赖的荧光光谱性质等优点,基于各种优良特性,可以作为荧光标记物应用于细胞成像和多色细胞成像中,用于制备成荧光探针。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的四种有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4合成前后的照片;
图2为本发明制备的有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4与硫酸奎宁溶液在日光和紫外灯下获得的荧光对比图;(从左至右分别H0、H1、H2、H3、H4);
图3为本发明在160℃条件下反应4h制备的有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4的紫外吸收图谱;
图4为本发明在160℃条件下反应4h制备的有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4的荧光发射图谱;
图5为本发明在160℃条件下反应4h制备的有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4的XRD图;
图6为本发明在160℃条件下反应4h制备的有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4的HR-TEM图谱;
图7为本发明在160℃条件下反应4h制备的有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4的EDS图谱;
图8为本发明在160℃条件下反应4h制备的有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4的红外光谱图;
图9为本发明在160℃条件下反应4h制备的有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4的XPS图谱;
图10为本发明制备的有机硅点H4用于细胞荧光成像图;
图11为本发明在140℃条件下反应4h制备的有机硅点H4的HR-TEM图谱;
图12为本发明在180℃条件下反应4h制备的有机硅点H4的HR-TEM图谱;
图13为本发明在160℃条件下反应2h制备的有机硅点H4的HR-TEM图谱;
图14为本发明在160℃条件下反应12h制备的有机硅点H4的HR-TEM图谱;
图15为本发明在160℃条件下反应4h制备的有机硅点H2的荧光稳定性实验;
图16为本发明在160℃条件下反应4h制备的有机硅点H4的细胞毒性实验。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
(1)将0.1mmol硫酸奎宁,12mL去离子水,0.1mmol乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷(Ethen)混合转移到密封的耐压管中,超声10min;
(2)将上述溶液在160℃下反应4h,停止反应,冷却,取出反应溶液转移至500ka透析膜,透析24小时,透析掉未反应物,最后低速离心去掉少量沉淀,得到硅量子点水溶液;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的硅量子点水溶液冷却干燥得到固体粉末得到有机荧光硅量子点,即有机硅点H1。
实施例2
(1)将0.1mmol硫酸奎宁,12mL去离子水,0.1mmol 3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MEMO)混合转移到密封的耐压管中,超声10min;
(2)将上述溶液在160℃下反应4h,停止反应,冷却,取出反应溶液转移至500ka透析膜,透析24小时,透析掉未反应物,最后低速离心去掉少量沉淀,得到硅量子点水溶液;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的硅量子点水溶液冷却干燥得到固体粉末得到有机荧光硅量子点,即有机硅点H2。
实施例3
(1)将0.1mmol硫酸奎宁,12mL去离子水,0.1mmol(3-巯基丙基)三甲氧基硅烷(Mmdms)混合转移到密封的耐压管中,超声10min;
(2)将上述溶液在160℃下反应4h,停止反应,冷却,取出反应溶液转移至500ka透析膜,透析24小时,透析掉未反应物,最后低速离心去掉少量沉淀,得到硅量子点水溶液;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的硅量子点水溶液冷却干燥得到固体粉末得到有机荧光硅量子点,即有机硅点H3。
实施例4
(1)将0.1mmol硫酸奎宁,12mL去离子水,0.1mmol 3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(Glymo)混合转移到密封的耐压管中,超声10min;
(2)将上述溶液在160℃下反应4h,停止反应,冷却,取出反应溶液转移至500ka透析膜,透析24小时,透析掉未反应物,最后低速离心去掉少量沉淀,得到硅量子点水溶液;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的硅量子点水溶液冷却干燥得到固体粉末得到有机荧光硅量子点,即有机硅点H4。
实施例5
(1)将0.1mmol硫酸奎宁,12mL去离子水,0.2mmol乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷(Ethen)混合转移到密封的耐压管中,超声10min;
(2)将上述溶液在140℃下反应12h,停止反应,冷却,取出反应溶液转移至500ka透析膜,透析36小时,透析掉未反应物,最后低速离心去掉少量沉淀,得到硅量子点水溶液;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的硅量子点水溶液冷却干燥得到固体粉末得到有机荧光硅量子点。
实施例6
(1)将0.2mmol硫酸奎宁,12mL去离子水,0.1mmol 3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MEMO)混合转移到密封的耐压管中,超声10min;
(2)将上述溶液在200℃下反应2h,停止反应,冷却,取出反应溶液转移至500ka半透明,透析24小时,透析掉未反应物,最后低速离心去掉少量沉淀,得到硅量子点水溶液;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的硅量子点水溶液冷却干燥得到固体粉末得到有机荧光硅量子点。
试验例1
对本发明制备的硫酸奎宁有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4进行测试,包括荧光、紫外吸收、XRD、HR-TEM、红外吸收等等。
将0.1mmol的硫酸奎宁,分别与0.1mmol的Ethen、MEMO、Mmdms、Ethen加入12mL去离子水中,分别采用实施例1-4的制备方法,在160℃下反应4h,得到硫酸奎宁有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4。图1表明反应前后H1、H2、H3、H4的照片。如实施例1-4制备的硫酸奎宁有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4,反应后的H1、H2、H3、H4溶液颜色加深,说明经过加热之后发生了反应,左边是反应后,右边是反应前。
如实施例1-4制备的硫酸奎宁有机硅点,图2硫酸奎宁有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4与硫酸奎宁水溶液在日光和紫外灯下获得的荧光对比图,可以发现H1、H2、H3、H4,在紫外灯照射下具有非常强的荧光,且颜色不同于硫酸奎宁。图3为硫酸奎宁有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4紫外吸收图谱,从图3中可知,H1、H2、H3在350nm处具有强的吸收峰,H4具有宽的吸收峰。图4为硫酸奎宁有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4荧光图谱,从图4中可知,H1、H2、H3在450nm有强的荧光发射峰,H4在550nm处具有强的发射峰。而硫酸奎宁的荧光峰位于380nm左右。图5为硫酸奎宁有机硅点H4的XRD粉末衍射图谱,硫酸奎宁有机硅点H1、H2、H3、H4具有类似的XRD,从图可认为,硅点具有很小的粒径,或具有无定形晶型。图6硫酸奎宁有机硅点H4的HR-TEM图谱,平均粒径在8-10nm左右,H1、H2、H3具有与H4相似的形貌和粒径大小。图7硫酸奎宁有机硅点为H4的EDS图谱,图谱说明硅点含有C、N、O、Si四种元素。图8硫酸奎宁有机硅点为H1、H2、H3、H4的红外图谱,图中分别标明了各自的特征峰,表明硅烷化试剂与硫酸奎宁发生了反应。图9硫酸奎宁有机硅点为H1、H2、H3、H4的XPS图谱,图谱同样表明有机硅点含有C、N、O、Si四种元素。另外,H3还含有S元素。
试验例2
将含有100μL1mg/mLH4 PBS溶液加入HeLa细胞孵育2小时,再洗涤掉未反应的硅点,用于荧光共聚焦成像。图10为硫酸奎宁有机硅点H4用于细胞荧光成像,图10表明H4有机硅点能够很好的用于细胞成像。
试验例3
采用实施例1-4制备的硫酸奎宁有机硅点制备方法,不同之处在于140℃反应4h,图11为该反应条件下硫酸奎宁有机硅点H4的HR-TEM图谱,平均粒径在4-6nm左右,同反应时间下H1、H2、H3具有与H4相似的形貌和粒径大小。
采用实施例1-4制备的硫酸奎宁有机硅点,不同之处在于180℃反应4h,图12为该反应条件下硫酸奎宁有机硅点H4的HR-TEM图谱,平均粒径在20nm左右,同反应时间下H1、H2、H3具有与H4相似的形貌和粒径大小。
采用实施例1-4制备的硫酸奎宁有机硅点,不同之处在于160℃反应2h,图13为该反应条件下硫酸奎宁有机硅点H4的HR-TEM图谱,平均粒径在2nm左右,同反应条件下H1、H2、H3具有与H4相似的形貌和粒径大小。
采用实施例1-4制备的硫酸奎宁有机硅点,不同之处在于160℃反应12h,图14为该反应条件下硫酸奎宁有机硅点H4的HR-TEM图谱,平均粒径在25nm左右,同反应时间下H1、H2、H3具有与H4相似的形貌和粒径大小。
试验例4
测试硫酸奎宁有机硅点的荧光稳定性,图15硫酸奎宁有机硅点H2的荧光稳定性实验,有机硅点H2在紫外灯辐射下荧光强度随时间的变化,从图15可知,辐射4小时后,荧光强度衰减幅度不大,说明有机硅点H2具有很好的荧光稳定性。
试验例5
测试硫酸奎宁有机硅点细胞毒性,图16将不同浓度的有机硅点H4与HeLa细胞共同孵育24小时和48小时后的细胞毒性,从图16可知硫酸奎宁有机硅点H4具有很小的细胞毒性。
Claims (10)
1.一种有机荧光硅量子点,其特征在于,由硫酸奎宁和硅烷化试剂通过摩尔比为1:2-2:1反应获得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的有机荧光硅量子点,其特征在于,所述硅烷化试剂为乙烯基三(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、(3-巯基丙基)三甲氧基硅烷或者3-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的有机荧光硅量子点,其特征在于,所述有机荧光硅量子点为无定形的纳米颗粒。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的有机荧光硅量子点,其特征在于,所述有机荧光硅量子点直径优选在2nm-20nm之间。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的有机荧光硅量子点,其特征在于,所述有机荧光硅量子点具有荧光性能,在450nm—550nm波长附近具有强的荧光发射峰。
6.一种权利要求1所述的有机荧光硅量子点的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)按比例加入硅烷化试剂和硫酸奎宁溶于水中,充分混合溶解,一步水热法加热反应,然后停止加热,冷却,取出反应溶液透析掉未反应物,最后再将低速离心去掉沉淀,得到有机荧光硅量子点水溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)中有机荧光硅量子点水溶液冷冻干燥获得产物的固体粉末为有机荧光硅量子点。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的一步水热法加热反应的反应温度140-200℃,时间为2-12小时。
8.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的取出反应溶液透析掉未反应物为取出反应溶液转移透析膜进行透析24-36小时。
9.一种权利要求1所述的有机荧光硅量子点在制备生物荧光探针中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述应用包括在生物荧光成像领域制成荧光探针,该荧光探针具有良好的生物相容性和稳定的抗光致荧光漂白。
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