CN110723946A - Anti-freezing foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Anti-freezing foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110723946A
CN110723946A CN201911155994.3A CN201911155994A CN110723946A CN 110723946 A CN110723946 A CN 110723946A CN 201911155994 A CN201911155994 A CN 201911155994A CN 110723946 A CN110723946 A CN 110723946A
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China
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parts
foam concrete
cold region
mixture
foam
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Inventor
赵希望
王栋
吴元金
王超朋
蒋望涛
姜海强
刘石磊
刘大琳
朱俊峰
周睿
刘盛
陈晓成
李岩
马建
张文新
邓小知
陈文超
李治国
赵军喜
马国栋
李玉武
吕晓聪
周川川
朱行迁
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South China University of Technology SCUT
China Railway Tunnel Group Co Ltd CRTG
CRTG Survey and Design Institute Co Ltd
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South China University of Technology SCUT
China Railway Tunnel Group Co Ltd CRTG
CRTG Survey and Design Institute Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201911155994.3A priority Critical patent/CN110723946A/en
Publication of CN110723946A publication Critical patent/CN110723946A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
    • C04B2111/343—Crack resistant materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/76—Use at unusual temperatures, e.g. sub-zero

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses anti-freezing foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of cement, 1040-1400 parts of sand, 1-10 parts of jute fiber, 2.1-2.7 parts of vegetable protein surfactant, 4.0-5.6 parts of sodium stearate, 10-14 parts of lithium carbonate, 2.5-3.5 parts of hydroxy acid superplasticizer, 200-400 parts of slag ash, 40-90 parts of silica fume and 500-700 parts of water. The anti-freezing foam concrete has strong anti-stripping capability and high compressive strength under the freezing and thawing action, and is not easy to break.

Description

Anti-freezing foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering and preparation method thereof
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention belongs to the technical field of cold region engineering concrete, and particularly relates to anti-freezing foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering and a preparation method thereof.
[ background of the invention ]
The foam concrete is a lightweight material containing a large number of closed air holes, which is formed by mixing prefabricated foam into cement, a cementing material or mortar at a uniform speed in a mechanical stirring manner, performing cast-in-place construction or mold forming through a pumping system and maintaining. The light material has the functions of light weight, porosity, low elasticity, shock absorption, heat preservation, sound insulation, fire resistance, water resistance, strong deformation capability and the like, also has the advantages of indoor humidity adjustment, capability of recycling a large amount of industrial waste residues, good pumpability and the like, can be arranged as a heat preservation layer of cold area tunnels and underground engineering, and also can be used as a filling and shock-insulation sound-reduction material for reserved deformation joints and construction joints of the tunnels.
However, in the cold regions such as northeast, northwest and Qinghai-Tibet plateau of China, the average temperature in the lowest month is below-10 ℃. The use of conventional foam concrete in these severe cold areas has the following drawbacks:
the first is that the conventional foam concrete has the defects of large shrinkage, strong water absorption, easy cracking and peeling and the like in the process of freeze-thaw cycle, and is very easy to shrink and peel particularly when applied to western and northern regions with extremely low temperature in winter.
And secondly, the strength is reduced, and because the conventional foam concrete contains a large number of closed air holes, the water absorption is high, and the high-molecular additive is lacked, the strength of the conventional foam concrete is obviously reduced after the conventional foam concrete is frozen, and the normal use of cold area engineering cannot be met.
And thirdly, cracks are easy to generate, the stress of the conventional foam concrete linearly increases along with the increase of deflection, the conventional foam concrete is damaged when reaching a peak value, fracture damage is shown, cracks develop, and once the conventional foam concrete is damaged, the conventional foam concrete cannot bear normal stress deformation of the structure.
Therefore, the frost-resistant foam concrete with strong peeling resistance, small strength reduction and no obvious crack under the freezing and thawing action needs to be provided, the defects of the conventional foam concrete are overcome, and the normal use of cold area engineering is met.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to provide the anti-freezing foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering, which has the advantages of small mass loss rate and high compressive strength under the freezing and thawing action and is not easy to break.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: an anti-freezing foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of cement, 1040-1400 parts of sand, 1-10 parts of jute fiber, 2.1-2.7 parts of vegetable protein surfactant, 4.0-5.6 parts of sodium stearate, 10-14 parts of lithium carbonate, 2.5-3.5 parts of hydroxy acid superplasticizer, 200-400 parts of slag ash, 40-90 parts of silica fume and 500-700 parts of water.
Further, the feed additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of cement, 1300 parts of sand, 6 parts of jute fiber, 2.6 parts of vegetable protein surfactant, 5.2 parts of sodium stearate, 13 parts of lithium carbonate, 3.3 parts of hydroxy acid superplasticizer, 300 parts of slag ash, 74 parts of silica fume and 680 parts of water.
Further, the cement is 42.5-grade ordinary portland cement.
Further, the maximum particle size of the sand was 5 mm.
Further, the jute fiber has the length of 5-20 mm, the diameter of 0.02-0.2 mm and the density of 1.0-1.7 g/cm3。
Further, the vegetable protein surfactant is tea saponin or saponin.
Further, the slag powder: the specific surface area is 510m2Per kg, average particle diameter of 0.15mm, density of 2800kg/m3。
Further, the silicon powder: the specific surface area is 25m2Per kg, average particle diameter of 0.1 μm, density of 220kg/m3。
The invention discloses a preparation method of the anti-freezing foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering, which comprises the following steps:
step one, weighing raw materials according to a ratio;
step two, mixing 1 part of vegetable protein surfactant and 50 parts of water according to the proportion to prepare foam required by foam concrete;
under the condition of stirring, sequentially adding sand, slag ash, silica fume and jute fiber into cement; stirring at the speed of 30-40 r/min for 1min after mixing to obtain a mixture A. And simultaneously, dissolving sodium stearate, lithium carbonate and a hydroxy acid superplasticizer in the residual water to form a mixed solution.
And mixing the mixture A and the mixed solution, and stirring to obtain a mixture B.
And step three, mixing the foam and the mixture B, and stirring to obtain the foam.
Further, after the mixture A and the mixed solution are mixed in the second step, stirring is carried out for 2min at the speed of 30-40 r/min, and a mixture B is obtained.
Further, after the foam and the mixture B are mixed, stirring is carried out for 2-3 min at the speed of 60-120 r/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the foam concrete has strong anti-stripping capability under the action of freeze thawing, and the mass loss rate is only 47.7 percent of that of the conventional foam concrete. 2. The compressive strength of the foam concrete in the invention is high under the action of freeze thawing, and is 1.58 times of that of the conventional foam concrete. 3. The foam concrete has obvious crack resistance, no obvious crack exists under the action of freeze thawing, obvious fiber links are formed among particles, and the particles are not easy to break.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the mass loss rate of the products of comparative example and each example;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the unconfined compressive strength of the products of the comparative example and each example;
FIG. 3 is an SEM inspection of comparative example product after freeze-thaw cycling;
FIG. 4 is an SEM examination of example 1 after a freeze-thaw cycle;
FIG. 5 is an SEM photograph of jute fibers after freeze-thaw cycles of example 1.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention discloses anti-freezing foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of cement, 1040-1400 parts of sand, 1-10 parts of jute fiber, 2.1-2.7 parts of vegetable protein surfactant, 4.0-5.6 parts of sodium stearate, 10-14 parts of lithium carbonate, 2.5-3.5 parts of hydroxy acid superplasticizer, 200-400 parts of slag ash, 40-90 parts of silica fume and 500-700 parts of water. The vegetable protein surfactant is tea saponin or saponin.
Preferably, the feed additive consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of cement, 1300 parts of sand, 6 parts of jute fiber, 2.6 parts of vegetable protein surfactant, 5.2 parts of sodium stearate, 13 parts of lithium carbonate, 3.3 parts of hydroxy acid superplasticizer, 300 parts of slag ash, 74 parts of silica fume and 680 parts of water.
The cement is ordinary Portland cement with the strength grade of 42.5.
The maximum particle size of the sand was 5 mm.
The jute fiber has a length of 5-20 mm and a diameter of 002-0.2 mm, density of 1.0-1.7 g/cm3。
The slag powder: the specific surface area is 510m2Per kg, average particle diameter of 0.15mm, density of 2800kg/m3。
The silicon powder: the specific surface area is 25m2Per kg, average particle diameter of 0.1 μm, density of 220kg/m3。
The invention discloses a preparation method of anti-freezing foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering, which comprises the following steps:
step one, weighing raw materials according to a ratio;
step two, mixing 1 part of vegetable protein surfactant and 50 parts of water according to the proportion to prepare foam required by foam concrete;
under the condition of stirring, sequentially adding sand, slag ash, silica fume and jute fiber into cement; stirring at the speed of 30-40 r/min for 1min after mixing to obtain a mixture A;
simultaneously, dissolving sodium stearate, lithium carbonate and hydroxy acid superplasticizer in the residual water to form a mixed solution;
and mixing the mixture A and the mixed solution, stirring, and stirring for 2min at the speed of 30-40 r/min to obtain a mixture B.
And step three, mixing the foam and the mixture B, and stirring at the stirring speed of 60-120 r/min for 2-3 min to obtain the foam.
Comparative example:
(1) selecting raw materials, wherein the selected cement is undersize materials after passing through a 0.08mm square hole sieve so as to prevent cement hard blocks from depositing in the preparation process of the foam concrete.
(2) The components are weighed according to the mixture ratio.
(3) Mixing 1 part of vegetable protein surfactant and 50 parts of water, and adding the mixture into a pressure foaming machine to prepare foam required by foam concrete.
(4) And sequentially placing the cement and the sand into a stirrer to be stirred, wherein the stirring speed is 30-40 r/min, and the stirring time is 1 min.
(5) While the cement and sand were being stirred, sodium stearate, lithium carbonate, hydroxy acid superplasticizer were dissolved in the remaining water to form a mixed solution.
(6) And (3) adding the mixed liquid formed in the step (5) into a stirrer, continuously stirring for 2min at the stirring speed of 30-40 r/min, and scraping cement mortar attached to the inner wall of the stirrer by using a scraper in the stirring process to uniformly stir the cement mortar.
(7) And (3) preparing foam while stirring the cement mortar, closing a valve of a pressure foaming machine, pressurizing the pressure foaming machine, opening the valve of the foaming machine when the pressure of the foaming machine reaches 3.5MPa, and discharging the foam.
(8) And (3) adding the foam obtained in the step (7) into a stirrer according to a proportion, and stirring for 2-3 min at a high speed of 60-120 r/min by using the stirrer. Thus obtaining the conventional foam concrete.
(9) Pouring the conventional foamed concrete obtained in (8) into a 100X 100cm grinding tool so that the density of the conventional foamed concrete is controlled to 800kg/m3. After 48h, the conventional foam concrete samples were demolded and cured for 28 days in an environment with a temperature of 20 ℃. + -. 2 and a relative humidity of 100%, waiting for the freeze-thaw cycle test and the unconfined compression test.
(10) And (3) putting the conventional foam concrete sample obtained in the step (9) into a freeze-thaw cycle testing machine with the temperature of-18 ℃ for 24 hours, then taking out the sample, and putting the sample into the freeze-thaw cycle testing machine with the temperature of 18 ℃ for 24 hours, thus forming a freeze-thaw cycle.
(11) The conventional foam concrete obtained in (10) which underwent freeze-thaw cycles 15 times, 20 times and 25 times, respectively, was subjected to a weighing test.
(12) And (3) loading the conventional foam concrete samples subjected to freeze-thaw cycles for 15 times, 20 times and 25 times respectively into an unconfined compressive strength tester TCQ-10 type for unconfined compressive strength test.
Example 1-example 6:
(1) selecting raw materials, wherein the selected cement is undersize materials after passing through a 0.08mm square hole sieve so as to prevent cement hard blocks from depositing in the preparation process of the foam concrete.
(2) The components are weighed according to the mixture ratio.
(3) Mixing 1 part of vegetable protein surfactant and 50 parts of water, and adding the mixture into a pressure foaming machine to prepare foam required by foam concrete.
(4) Under the condition of stirring, sequentially adding sand, slag ash, silica fume and jute fiber into cement; stirring at the speed of 30-40 r/min for 1min after mixing to obtain a mixture A;
(5) and simultaneously, dissolving sodium stearate, lithium carbonate and a hydroxy acid superplasticizer in the residual water to form a mixed solution.
(6) And (3) adding the mixed liquid formed in the step (5) into the mixture A in the stirrer, continuously stirring for 2min at the stirring speed of 30-40 r/min, and scraping cement mortar attached to the inner wall of the stirrer by using a scraper in the stirring process to uniformly stir the cement mortar.
(7) And (3) preparing foam while stirring, namely closing a valve of a pressure foaming machine, pressurizing the pressure foaming machine, opening the valve of the foaming machine when the pressure of the foaming machine reaches 3.5MPa, and discharging the foam.
(8) And (3) adding the foam obtained in the step (7) into a stirrer, and stirring for 2-3 min at a high speed of 60-120 r/min by using the stirrer to obtain the anti-freezing foam concrete suitable for cold area engineering.
(9) Pouring the foamed concrete obtained in (8) into a 100X 100cm grinding tool to control the density of the foamed concrete at 800kg/m3. After 48h, the foam concrete samples were demolded and cured for 28 days in an environment with a temperature of 20 ℃. + -. 2 and a relative humidity of 100%, waiting for a freeze-thaw cycle test and an unconfined compression test.
(10) And (3) putting the foam concrete sample obtained in the step (9) into a freeze-thaw cycle testing machine with the temperature of-18 ℃ for 24h, taking out the sample, and putting the sample into the freeze-thaw cycle testing machine with the temperature of 18 ℃ for 24h, so that one freeze-thaw cycle is realized.
(11) The foamed concrete obtained in (10) which underwent freeze-thaw cycles 15 times, 20 times and 25 times, respectively, was subjected to a weighing test.
(12) And (3) loading the foam concrete samples subjected to the freeze-thaw cycles for 15 times, 20 times and 25 times respectively into an unconfined compressive strength tester TCQ-10 type for unconfined compressive strength test.
To verify the freeze resistant foamed concrete of the present invention suitable for cold regions, comparative tests were conducted, comparative examples and examples are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 composition tables for comparative examples and examples
Figure BDA0002284805930000081
In order to verify the anti-stripping and anti-freezing performances of the anti-freezing foam concrete in the cold region environment, the foam concrete and the conventional concrete undergo freeze-thawing cycles for 15 times, 20 times and 25 times respectively and then are subjected to weighing tests and unconfined compressive strength tests and comparison. The test results show that the foam concrete has outstanding advancement in frost resistance compared with the conventional foam concrete. Wherein:
(1) the components and the preparation method of the invention effectively improve the anti-stripping capability of the foam concrete under the action of freeze thawing. It can be seen by comparing the mass loss rates of the comparative example and each example foam concrete in fig. 1 after undergoing 15, 20 and 25 freeze-thaw cycles that mass loss of the foam concrete occurs commonly under cold conditions, but the foam concrete in the present invention can significantly reduce the mass loss rate, and the mass loss rate of the frost-resistant foam concrete in example 1 after undergoing 25 freeze-thaw cycles is only 47.7% of the mass loss rate of the conventional foam concrete in the comparative example as compared with the product in example 1 and the comparative example.
(2) By adopting the components and the preparation method, the compressive capacity of the foam concrete under the action of freeze thawing is effectively enhanced. As can be seen by comparing the compressive strengths of the comparative example and the example foam concrete in fig. 2 after undergoing 15, 20 and 25 freeze-thaw cycles, the compressive strength of the foam concrete generally decreases as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases under cold conditions, but the decrease in compressive strength of the foam concrete in the present invention can be significantly reduced, the compressive strength of the foam concrete in the present application after undergoing 25 freeze-thaw cycles is 3.54Mpa, while the compressive strength of the conventional foam concrete after undergoing 25 freeze-thaw cycles is 2.24Mpa, and the compressive strength of the foam concrete in example 1 is 1.58 times that of the conventional foam concrete in the comparative example.
(3) By adopting the components and the method, the crack resistance of the foam concrete is effectively improved. As can be seen by comparing the SEM test images of the conventional foam concrete of the comparative example and the foam concrete of example 1 after undergoing 25 freeze-thaw cycles in fig. 3 and 4, the conventional foam concrete has obvious voids and cracks after 25 freeze-thaw cycles, while the foam concrete of the present invention has no obvious cracks, which indicates that the foam concrete of the present invention has good freeze-thaw anti-cracking ability. Meanwhile, SEM detection is carried out on jute fibers in the product after freeze thawing, as shown in figure 5, in the product in example 1, obvious fiber connection exists among foam concrete fine particles, and breakage does not easily occur, which also shows that the jute fibers exist, and the crack resistance of the product is enhanced.

Claims (10)

1. The anti-freezing foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of cement, 1040-1400 parts of sand, 1-10 parts of jute fiber, 2.1-2.7 parts of vegetable protein surfactant, 4.0-5.6 parts of sodium stearate, 10-14 parts of lithium carbonate, 2.5-3.5 parts of hydroxy acid superplasticizer, 200-400 parts of slag ash, 40-90 parts of silica fume and 500-700 parts of water.
2. The antifreeze foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1000 parts of cement, 1300 parts of sand, 6 parts of jute fiber, 2.6 parts of vegetable protein surfactant, 5.2 parts of sodium stearate, 13 parts of lithium carbonate, 3.3 parts of hydroxy acid superplasticizer, 300 parts of slag ash, 74 parts of silica fume and 680 parts of water.
3. The antifreeze foamed concrete suitable for cold region engineering according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vegetable protein surfactant is tea saponin or saponin.
4. The antifreeze foamed concrete for cold region engineering according to claim 3, wherein the maximum grain size of the sand is 5 mm.
5. The antifreeze foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering according to claim 4, wherein the jute fiber has a length of 5 to 20mm, a diameter of 0.02 to 0.2mm and a density of 1.0 to 1.7g/cm3。
6. The antifreeze foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering according to claim 5, wherein the ratio of the slag powder: the specific surface area is 510m2Per kg, average particle diameter of 0.15mm, density of 2800kg/m3。
7. The frost-resistant foamed concrete suitable for cold region engineering according to claim 4, 5 or 6, wherein the ratio of silica powder: the specific surface area is 25m2Per kg, average particle diameter of 0.1 μm, density of 220kg/m3。
8. The preparation method of the anti-freezing foam concrete suitable for the cold region engineering according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, weighing raw materials according to a ratio;
step two, mixing 1 part of vegetable protein surfactant and 50 parts of water according to the proportion to prepare foam required by foam concrete;
under the condition of stirring, sequentially adding sand, slag ash, silica fume and jute fiber into cement to obtain a mixture A;
simultaneously, dissolving sodium stearate, lithium carbonate and hydroxy acid superplasticizer in the residual water to form a mixed solution;
mixing the mixture A and the mixed solution, and stirring to obtain a mixture B;
and step three, mixing the foam and the mixture B, and stirring to obtain the foam.
9. The method for preparing antifreeze foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering according to claim 8, wherein in the second step, after the mixture A and the mixed solution are mixed, the mixture A is stirred at the speed of 30-40 r/min for 2min to obtain the mixture B.
10. The preparation method of the antifreeze foam concrete suitable for the cold region engineering according to claim 9, wherein the foam in the third step is mixed with the mixture B and then stirred at a speed of 60-120 r/min for 2-3 min.
CN201911155994.3A 2019-11-22 2019-11-22 Anti-freezing foam concrete suitable for cold region engineering and preparation method thereof Pending CN110723946A (en)

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Cited By (1)

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