CN114751691B - Phase-change large-volume concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Phase-change large-volume concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/027—Lightweight materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/04—Carboxylic acids; Salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
- C04B24/08—Fats; Fatty oils; Ester type waxes; Higher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group; Oxidised oils or fats
- C04B24/085—Higher fatty acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
- C04B2111/343—Crack resistant materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention discloses phase-change large-volume concrete and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of building concrete, wherein the raw materials comprise, by weight, 540 parts of cement 450-; the phase-change composition is prepared by sequentially adsorbing and loading a phase-change material I and a phase-change material II on porous ceramsite from inside to outside, spraying a liquid film-forming material on the surface of the porous ceramsite and drying the porous ceramsite; the melting point of the phase-change material I is higher than that of the phase-change material II. The invention creatively loads two phase-change materials into the porous ceramsite according to a specific preparation method to form a special phase-change composition structure, the time of the temperature peak of the finally obtained phase-change mass concrete is relatively later, the highest temperature value in the concrete is kept stable within a quite long curing time, and the temperature rise resistance, the crack resistance and the mechanical strength of the concrete are finally improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building concrete, and particularly relates to phase-change large-volume concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The mass concrete is widely applied to the fields of municipal administration, bridges, railways, water conservancy and hydropower and the like. The large-volume concrete accumulates a large amount of heat in a short period after pouring due to factors such as cement hydration heat, outside air temperature change, excessive moisture evaporation and the like in the pouring process and after construction is completed, the concrete has low heat conductivity coefficient and rapid structure temperature rise, finally cracks are generated on the surface of a concrete material, and the durability of the concrete is reduced. Especially in high temperature season, the temperature peak of the mass concrete is even over 70 ℃. The concrete is slowly radiated after reaching the temperature peak, the temperature is gradually reduced to the ambient temperature, and the concrete is cracked due to the shrinkage generated in the temperature reduction process.
In order to solve the above problems, for example, in the prior art, chinese patent application CN111377652A provides a bulk concrete hydration temperature rise inhibitor, which is composed of porous ceramsite, phase change material and starch-based hydration heat control material, the phase change material paraffin and/or barium hydroxide octahydrate are/is uniformly mixed with the porous ceramsite, the starch-based hydration heat control material (starch polysaccharide prepared by starch hydrolysis or enzymolysis) is added after the temperature is reduced, and the hydration temperature rise inhibitor is prepared by uniformly mixing. The inhibitor absorbs heat generated by hydration of mass concrete, reduces the hydration heat release rate of cement, delays the temperature rise rate of the mass concrete, reduces the temperature peak of the mass concrete, and finally reduces the non-penetrating surface cracking phenomenon. However, the hydration temperature rise inhibitor provided in the patent has a limited effect on controlling the hydration heat reaction of mass concrete, and particularly in an environment with high air temperature, the temperature rise in the concrete pouring and forming process is still fast, and finally the performances of the mass concrete such as the compressive strength and the like are affected.
For another example, the granted chinese patent CN106904923B provides a large-volume ecological concrete suitable for tropical regions, which is composed of a phosphogypsum-based ecological cementing material, a phase-change material pipeline, medium sand, broken stones, an additive and water, wherein the phase-change material pipeline is formed by compounding capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, the phosphogypsum-based ecological cementing material is formed by compounding composite slag powder, composite cement and modified phosphogypsum, and the composite slag powder is formed by compounding high manganese slag, high titanium slag and granulated blast furnace slag; the modified phosphogypsum is prepared by drying phosphogypsum, adding alkali in proportion, stirring uniformly and aging. Although the temperature of the large-volume ecological concrete reaches 49.5 ℃ at the lowest, the mechanical strength also meets the requirement, but the used raw materials, namely the composite slag powder, the composite cement and the modified phosphogypsum, have higher cost and are not suitable for wide application.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the phase-change large-volume concrete and the preparation method thereof, the phase-change composition is prepared by loading the phase-change materials with different melting points in the porous ceramsite in sequence, and then the phase-change composition is applied to the large-volume concrete, so that the effective control of the temperature peak occurrence time and the temperature peak temperature is realized. Specifically, the following technique is used.
The phase-change large-volume concrete comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 540 parts of cement, 1000 parts of coarse aggregate, 45-75 parts of a phase-change composition, 950 parts of fine aggregate, 3-5 parts of a water reducing agent and 180 parts of water, wherein the cement comprises 450-one cement, the coarse aggregate and the water reducing agent;
the phase-change composition is prepared by sequentially adsorbing and loading a phase-change material I and a phase-change material II on porous ceramsite from inside to outside, spraying a liquid film-forming material on the surface of the porous ceramsite and drying the porous ceramsite; the melting point of the phase-change material I is higher than that of the phase-change material II.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise, by weight, 500 parts of cement, 1150 parts of coarse aggregate, 60 parts of phase change composition, 800 parts of fine aggregate, 4 parts of water reducing agent and 160 parts of water.
More preferably, the phase change composition is prepared by a specific method comprising:
s1, putting stearic acid into a reaction container, heating the phase-change material I to be molten to be in a liquid state, keeping the temperature constant, adding the porous ceramsite into the container, stirring for 2-4h under the vacuum degree of 0.06-0.08MPa, then pressurizing until the pressure in the reaction container is 0.3-0.5MPa, cooling the reaction container to the room temperature, and taking out the phase-change material I after the phase-change material I is solidified to obtain a primary material; the mass ratio of the phase-change material I to the porous ceramsite is (0.2-0.35): 1;
s2, putting the phase change material II into a reaction container, heating the phase change material II to melt to a liquid state, keeping the temperature in the reaction container to be lower than the melting point of the phase change material I and constant, adding the primary material obtained in the step S1 into the container, stirring for 3.5-5h under the vacuum degree of 0.02-0.035MPa, then pressurizing until the pressure in the reaction container is 0.6-0.75MPa, cooling the reaction container to the room temperature, taking out the phase change material II after solidification, and obtaining a granular secondary material; the mass ratio of the phase-change material II to the porous ceramsite is (0.7-0.85): 1;
s3, spraying the liquid film-forming material on the surface of the granular secondary material prepared in the step S2, and vacuum drying to remove ethanol and water to obtain the phase-change composition.
Further preferably, the phase-change material I is stearic acid, and the phase-change material II is lauric acid
Still more preferably, in the specific preparation method of the phase change composition, the mass ratio of the stearic acid and the porous ceramsite in the step S1 is 0.3: 1.
Still more preferably, in the specific preparation method of the phase change composition, the mass ratio of the lauric acid in the step S2 to the porous ceramsite is 0.8:1
Further preferably, the vacuum degree in the step S1 is 0.06MPa, and the stirring time is 3 h; pressurizing to the pressure of 0.45MPa in the reaction vessel.
Further preferably, the vacuum degree in the step S2 is 0.03MPa, and the stirring time is 4 h; pressurizing to the pressure of 0.7MPa in the reaction vessel.
Preferably, the liquid film-forming material is a mixed solution prepared by dissolving zein in 60-95% ethanol water solution with the mass fraction of 1-2%.
On the basis of the original conventional raw materials, the phase change composition prepared by a special method is used as the raw material, so that the temperature rise process of hydration heat in the concrete is effectively delayed, the temperature peak height is reduced, and the temperature peak occurrence time is delayed; the specific principle is that two phase change materials with different melting points are sequentially adsorbed in the porous ceramsite, the melting point of the inner phase change material I is higher, and the melting point of the outer phase change material II is lower; along with the gradual progress of hydration heat reaction at the early stage of concrete pouring and forming, the internal temperature of the concrete gradually rises, and when the temperature rises to be close to the melting point of a phase change material II (such as lauric acid), a large amount of heat is absorbed due to high latent heat of the phase change material II, so that the temperature rising process of early-stage curing is effectively slowed down; the temperature of the concrete continues to rise along with the continuous progress of the hydration heat reaction in the middle and later periods, and the phase-change material II is basically changed into a liquid state and does not continuously play a role in heat absorption and temperature control; when the temperature is raised to be close to the melting point of the phase change material I, the phase change material I also plays the same role as the phase change material II, and further absorbs heat generated by hydration heat, and the purposes of effectively controlling the temperature peak appearance time and reducing the temperature peak temperature are achieved through the combined regulation and control of the phase change materials I and II. Finally, the phase-change materials I and II slowly and continuously release heat in the concrete cooling process, so that the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the concrete and other parts is effectively reduced, and the temperature rise resistance, the crack resistance and the mechanical strength of the concrete are improved.
The preparation method of the phase-enlarged concrete provided by the invention comprises the steps of uniformly mixing cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and an additive, then adding the phase-change composition, and finally adding water for uniformly mixing to obtain the phase-enlarged concrete.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the invention creatively loads two phase-change materials with different melting points into the porous ceramsite according to a specific loading sequence and a preparation method, and coats a film-forming material on the surface to prepare and form a special phase-change composition structure, wherein the phase-change composition can ensure that the temperature peak of finally obtained phase-change mass concrete occurs later, the highest temperature value in the concrete is kept stable within a quite long curing time, and the temperature rise resistance, the crack resistance and the mechanical strength of the concrete are finally improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following examples and comparative examples, the cement used was a commercially available ordinary portland cement P.O 42.5.5; the coarse aggregate is commercial continuous graded crushed stone with the grain diameter of 5-31.5 mm; the fine aggregate is commercial medium sand, and the fineness modulus is 2.5-3.0; the water reducing agent is a commercial polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent; the water is purified water. The porous ceramsite used in the phase-change composition is commercially available porous shale ceramsite, and the bulk density of the porous shale ceramsite is about 800 kg/m; the phase-change material I is stearic acid (the melting point is 67-72 ℃), and the phase-change material II is lauric acid (the melting point is about 44 ℃).
In the following examples and comparative examples, the phase change compositions used were prepared by the following methods, if not specifically described:
s1, placing the phase change material I (stearic acid) in a reaction container, heating the phase change material I to be molten to be in a liquid state, keeping the temperature constant, adding the porous ceramsite into the container, stirring for 3 hours under the vacuum degree of 0.06MPa, then pressurizing until the pressure in the reaction container is 0.45MPa, cooling the reaction container to room temperature, and taking out the phase change material I after the phase change material I is solidified to obtain a primary material; the mass ratio of the phase-change material I to the porous ceramsite is based on the specific embodiment or the comparative example;
s2, placing the phase change material II in a reaction container, heating the phase change material II to be molten to be in a liquid state, keeping the temperature in the reaction container (not more than 58 ℃) lower than the melting point of the phase change material I, adding the primary material obtained in the step S1 into the container, stirring for 4 hours under the vacuum degree of 0.03MPa, pressurizing until the pressure in the reaction container is 0.7MPa, cooling the reaction container to the room temperature, and taking out the phase change material II after solidification to obtain a secondary material; the mass ratio of the phase-change material II to the porous ceramsite is based on the specific embodiment or the comparative example;
s3, dissolving zein in 75% ethanol water solution to prepare mixed liquid (namely liquid film-forming material) with the mass fraction of 2%, spraying the liquid film-forming material on the surface of the secondary material prepared in the step S2, and drying in vacuum to remove ethanol and water to obtain the phase-change composition.
Example 1
The raw materials of the phase-change mass concrete provided by the embodiment comprise, by weight, 500 parts of cement, 1150 parts of coarse aggregate, 60 parts of phase-change composition, 800 parts of fine aggregate, 4 parts of water reducing agent and 160 parts of water.
In the preparation method of the phase-change composition of the embodiment, the mass ratio of the phase-change material i to the porous ceramsite is 0.3:0.8: 1.
Example 2
The phase-change mass concrete provided by the embodiment comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 450 parts of cement, 1200 parts of coarse aggregate, 75 parts of phase-change composition, 700 parts of fine aggregate, 4 parts of water reducing agent and 180 parts of water. The phase change composition of this example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 3
The phase-change mass concrete provided by the embodiment comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 540 parts of cement, 1000 parts of coarse aggregate, 45 parts of phase-change composition, 950 parts of fine aggregate, 4 parts of water reducing agent and 150 parts of water. The phase change composition of this example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 4
The weight parts of the raw materials of the phase-change mass concrete provided by the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the preparation method of the phase-change composition is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the mass ratio of the phase-change material I to the porous ceramsite is 0.35:0.7: 1.
Example 5
The weight parts of the raw materials of the phase-change mass concrete provided by the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the preparation method of the phase-change composition is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the mass ratio of the phase-change material I to the phase-change material II to the porous ceramsite is 0.2:0.85: 1.
Example 6
The weight parts of the raw materials of the phase-change mass concrete provided by the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the preparation method of the phase-change composition is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that in the step S1, the phase-change mass concrete is stirred for 2 hours under the vacuum degree of 0.08MPa, and then the mixture is pressurized to the pressure of 0.3MPa in a reaction container; in step S2, the mixture was stirred for 5 hours under a vacuum of 0.02MPa and then pressurized to a pressure of 0.75MPa in the reaction vessel.
Example 7
The weight parts of the raw materials of the phase-change mass concrete provided by the embodiment are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the preparation method of the phase-change composition is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that in the step S1, the phase-change composition is stirred for 4 hours under the vacuum degree of 0.06MPa, and then the pressure is increased to 0.5MPa in a reaction container; in step S2, the mixture was stirred for 3.5 hours under a vacuum of 0.035MPa, and then pressurized to a pressure of 0.6MPa in the reaction vessel.
Example 8
The weight parts of the raw materials of the phase-change mass concrete provided by the comparative example are the same as those of the example 1, except that the lauric acid selected as the phase-change material II is replaced by the paraffin wax (commercially available, melting point 48-50 ℃) in the preparation method of the phase-change composition.
Comparative example 1
The weight parts of the raw materials of the phase-change mass concrete provided by the comparative example are the same as those of the concrete in the example 1, and the preparation method of the phase-change composition is basically the same as that of the concrete in the example 1, except that the mass ratio of the phase-change material I to the phase-change material II to the porous ceramsite is 0.45:0.6: 1.
Comparative example 2
The weight parts of the raw materials of the phase-change mass concrete provided by the comparative example are the same as those of the concrete in the example 1, and the preparation method of the phase-change composition is basically the same as that of the concrete in the example 1, except that the mass ratio of the phase-change material I to the phase-change material II to the porous ceramsite is 0.1:0.95: 1.
Comparative example 3
The weight parts of the raw materials of the phase-change mass concrete provided by the comparative example are the same as those of the example 1, except that only the phase-change material I (stearic acid) is loaded in the phase-change composition, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, putting stearic acid into a reaction container, heating phase-change material I (stearic acid) to melt to be liquid, maintaining the temperature constant, adding porous ceramsite into the container, stirring for 3 hours under the vacuum degree of 0.06MPa, then pressurizing until the pressure in the reaction container is 0.45MPa, cooling the reaction container to room temperature, and taking out the phase-change material I after solidification to obtain a primary material; the mass ratio of the phase-change material I to the porous ceramsite is 1.1: 1;
s2, dissolving zein in 75% ethanol water solution to prepare mixed liquid (namely liquid film-forming material) with the mass fraction of 2%, spraying the liquid film-forming material on the surface of the primary material prepared in the step S1, and drying in vacuum to remove ethanol and water to obtain the phase-change composition.
Comparative example 4
The weight parts of the raw materials of the phase-change mass concrete provided by the comparative example are the same as those of the example 1, except that only the phase-change material I (stearic acid) is loaded in the phase-change composition, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a phase change material II (lauric acid) in a reaction container, heating the phase change material II to be molten to be in a liquid state, maintaining the temperature to be constant, adding porous ceramsite into the container, stirring for 4 hours under the vacuum degree of 0.03MPa, pressurizing until the pressure in the reaction container is 0.7MPa, cooling the reaction container to the room temperature, and taking out the phase change material II after solidification to obtain a primary material; the mass ratio of the phase-change material II to the porous ceramsite is 1.1: 1;
s2, dissolving zein in 75% ethanol water solution to prepare mixed liquid (namely liquid film-forming material) with the mass fraction of 2%, spraying the liquid film-forming material on the surface of the primary material prepared in the step S1, and drying in vacuum to remove ethanol and water to obtain the phase-change composition.
Comparative example 5
The weight parts of the raw materials of the phase-change mass concrete provided by the comparative example are the same as those of the example 1, except that the phase-change material II (lauric acid) is loaded in the phase-change composition, and then the phase-change material I (stearic acid) is loaded, and the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a phase change material II (lauric acid) in a reaction container, heating the phase change material II to be molten to be in a liquid state, maintaining the temperature to be constant, adding porous ceramsite into the container, stirring for 4 hours under the vacuum degree of 0.03MPa, pressurizing until the pressure in the reaction container is 0.7MPa, cooling the reaction container to the room temperature, and taking out the phase change material II after solidification to obtain a primary material;
s2, placing a phase change material I (stearic acid) into a reaction container, heating the stearic acid to melt to a liquid state and maintaining the temperature constant, adding a primary material into the container, rapidly stirring for 1h under the vacuum degree of 0.06MPa (lauric acid is possibly melted, but the lauric acid is basically not dissolved out and separated from the inside of the porous ceramsite due to the liquid surface tension and the external vacuum negative pressure action; rapidly stirring can also shorten the stirring time, reduce the melting or separation of the phase change material II from the porous ceramsite and reduce the mixing of the phase change materials I and II), then pressurizing to the pressure of 0.45MPa in the reaction container, rapidly cooling the reaction container to the room temperature, and taking out the phase change material I after solidification to obtain a secondary material;
s3, dissolving zein in 75% ethanol water solution to prepare mixed liquid (namely liquid film-forming material) with the mass fraction of 2%, spraying the liquid film-forming material on the surface of the primary material prepared in the step S1, and drying in vacuum to remove ethanol and water to obtain the phase-change composition.
Application example: performance testing of phase-grown bulk concrete
1. According to the test piece manufacturing and maintenance method in the GB/T50081 + 2002 concrete physical mechanical property test method standard, the test pieces of the examples 1-8 and the comparative examples 1-5 are manufactured and maintained, and 90d compression strength detection is carried out on the test sample reaching the maintenance age according to the compression strength test method in the GB/T50081 + 2002 concrete physical mechanical property test method standard.
2. And carrying out adiabatic temperature rise detection according to the adiabatic temperature rise test method of 4.18 parts of concrete in the test procedure of DL/T5150-2017 hydraulic engineering concrete. The temperature measuring points of each group of concrete test pieces are arranged in such a way that metal probes for temperature measurement are pre-embedded at the center A of the test piece, a position B which is one fourth away from the upper surface and a position C which is one fourth away from the lower surface, temperature data are read once every 2h, when the peak value is approached, the temperature data are read once every 1 hour, and the temperature data are obtained through measurement; the time at which the temperature peak occurred and the temperature peak temperature were recorded (after curing started).
3. The total crack area per unit area is detected according to the 9 th part early crack test method in the test method Standard for the Long-term Performance and durability of ordinary concrete (GB/T50082-2009).
The test results are shown in table 1 below. The "side average temperature peak temperature" in table 1 means the average value of the temperature peak temperatures at the B position and the C position of the concrete sample.
TABLE 1 phase transition Mass concrete Performance test results
From the test data in the table, it can be seen that the compressive strength, the time of occurrence of the temperature peak, the temperature of the temperature peak and the crack resistance of the phase-change mass concrete prepared by using the raw materials and the dosage of the invention are obviously better in combination. When the dosage of the raw materials is changed and the parameters such as pressure, time and the like in the preparation method of the phase-change composition are changed, all the performance indexes are changed to a certain extent. When lauric acid is replaced by paraffin wax with the melting point of 48-50 ℃, the performance index of the mass concrete is not changed greatly.
However, when only stearic acid is used, the time of temperature peak is obviously advanced, the temperature of the temperature peak is obviously increased, and the crack resistance is obviously poor; when only lauric acid is used, although the time for the appearance of the temperature peak is significantly delayed, the temperature of the temperature peak is relatively moderate, relatively many cracks are finally generated, and the compressive strength is also affected. When the order of processing the porous ceramsite by stearic acid and lauric acid is changed, namely, lauric acid with a lower melting point is loaded firstly and stearic acid with a higher melting point is loaded later, the phase-change material cannot play a role most quickly due to the structural change of the phase-change composition, the temperature in concrete rises quickly, the temperature peak occurrence time is also advanced quickly, the temperature peak temperature is higher, but the subsequent cooling process is relatively gentle, and the influence on the compressive strength and the crack resistance of the concrete is relatively weak.
Claims (9)
1. The phase-change large-volume concrete is characterized by comprising, by weight, 540 parts of cement, 1000 parts of coarse aggregate, 1200 parts of phase-change composition, 45-75 parts of fine aggregate, 700 parts of fine aggregate, 950 parts of water reducer and 150 parts of water;
the phase-change composition is prepared by sequentially adsorbing and loading a phase-change material I and a phase-change material II on porous ceramsite from inside to outside, spraying a liquid film-forming material on the surface of the porous ceramsite and drying the liquid film-forming material; the melting point of the phase-change material I is higher than that of the phase-change material II; the specific preparation method of the phase-change composition comprises the following steps:
s1, putting the phase change material I into a reaction container, heating the phase change material I to be molten to be in a liquid state, keeping the temperature constant, adding porous ceramsite into the container, stirring for 2-4h under the vacuum degree of 0.06-0.08MPa, pressurizing until the pressure in the reaction container is 0.3-0.5MPa, cooling the reaction container to the room temperature, and taking out the phase change material I after the phase change material I is solidified to obtain a primary material; the mass ratio of the phase-change material I to the porous ceramsite is (0.2-0.35): 1;
s2, placing the phase change material II in a reaction container, heating the phase change material II to be molten to be in a liquid state, keeping the temperature in the reaction container to be constant, adding the primary material obtained in the step S1 into the container, stirring for 3.5-5 hours under the vacuum degree of 0.02-0.035MPa, then pressurizing until the pressure in the reaction container is 0.6-0.75MPa, cooling the reaction container to the room temperature, taking out the phase change material II after solidification, and obtaining a granular secondary material; the mass ratio of the phase-change material II to the porous ceramsite is (0.7-0.85): 1;
s3, spraying the liquid film-forming material on the surface of the granular secondary material prepared in the step S2, and vacuum drying to remove ethanol and water to obtain the phase-change composition.
2. The phase-change mass concrete according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials comprise, by weight, 500 parts of cement, 1150 parts of coarse aggregate, 60 parts of phase-change composition, 800 parts of fine aggregate, 4 parts of water reducer and 160 parts of water.
3. The phase-change bulk concrete according to claim 1, wherein the phase-change material I is stearic acid and the phase-change material II is lauric acid.
4. The phase-change mass concrete according to claim 3, wherein in the specific preparation method of the phase-change composition, the mass ratio of the stearic acid and the porous ceramsite in the step S1 is 0.3: 1.
5. The phase-change mass concrete according to claim 3, wherein in the specific preparation method of the phase-change composition, the mass ratio of the lauric acid to the porous ceramsite in the step S2 is 0.8: 1.
6. The phase-change mass concrete according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum degree in step S1 is 0.06MPa, and the stirring time is 3 hours; pressurizing to the pressure of 0.45MPa in the reaction vessel.
7. The phase-change mass concrete according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum degree in step S2 is 0.03MPa, and the stirring time is 4 hours; pressurizing to the pressure of 0.7MPa in the reaction vessel.
8. The phase-change mass concrete according to claim 1, wherein the liquid film-forming material is a mixed solution prepared by dissolving zein in a 60-95% ethanol aqueous solution, and the mass fraction of the mixed solution is 1-2%.
9. The method for preparing phase-change mass concrete according to claim 1, wherein the cement, the coarse aggregate, the fine aggregate and the water reducing agent are uniformly mixed, then the phase-change composition is added, and finally the water is added and uniformly mixed to obtain the phase-change mass concrete.
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