CN110722078A - Synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process - Google Patents
Synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process Download PDFInfo
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- CN110722078A CN110722078A CN201910988344.0A CN201910988344A CN110722078A CN 110722078 A CN110722078 A CN 110722078A CN 201910988344 A CN201910988344 A CN 201910988344A CN 110722078 A CN110722078 A CN 110722078A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
- B21J5/025—Closed die forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J9/00—Forging presses
- B21J9/02—Special design or construction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P23/06—Metal-working plant comprising a number of associated machines or apparatus
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
Abstract
The invention discloses a forging process for removing waste materials and reducing weight of a synchronous forging piece, belonging to the technical field of forging piece processing, which can realize the weight reduction part and the mounting hole part of the forging piece in the forging process, can directly carry out one-step forming on the forging piece in the forging process by mounting a repeated punching mechanism in the existing precision forging die based on the thermal stress principle and the plastic deformation rule of the forging piece, prevent the local deformation of the forging piece, remove the waste materials at one time, avoid the processing difficulty and the complex operation brought by the machining process after forging, further reduce the cost, simultaneously avoid the punching burrs on the non-processing surface, reduce the whole machining workload, and assist the precise temperature control in the whole process, not only can obtain the shape of a flange hub forging piece, be difficult to generate the size deviation, but also improve the internal structure of metal and improve the mechanical property and the physical property of the metal, and then the performance and the life-span of promoting flange wheel hub forging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging processing, in particular to a synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process.
Background
Forging is a process of using forging machinery to apply pressure to a metal blank to make it plastically deform to obtain a forging with certain mechanical properties, certain shape and size. The defects of as-cast porosity and the like generated in the smelting process of metal can be eliminated through forging, the microstructure is optimized, and meanwhile, because the complete metal streamline is preserved, the mechanical property of the forging is generally superior to that of a casting made of the same material. Important parts with high load and severe working conditions in related machines are mainly forged pieces except for plates, sections or welding pieces which are simple in shape and can be rolled.
The flange plate of the hub unit is a key part of the automobile hub unit, and bears variable impact load in the driving state of an automobile, so that higher mechanical strength is required to support high-load operation during forging forming, but the existing flange hubs with high quality are imported abroad, the cost is high, the price is high, domestic forging is generally produced by combining the traditional integral free forging process with a machining process, the machining allowance of a forged piece is large, the material utilization rate is low, the machining workload is increased, the equipment workload is increased, the material waste is great, and on one hand, the process cost of heat treatment after forging is increased; on the other hand, the mechanical property of the forge piece is reduced, the pressure of the performance heat treatment process is increased, due to the particularity of the flange hub, the manufacturing process is complex, the forming difficulty is high, the waste is difficult to remove at one time, the waste needs to be removed through the machining process after forging, the cost is further improved invisibly, and meanwhile, the forge piece is easier to deform, and the quality of a finished product is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process for a forging piece, which can realize the weight-reducing part and the mounting hole part of the forging piece in the forging process, can directly carry out one-step forming on the forging piece in the forging process by installing a fractional punching mechanism in the existing precision forging die based on the thermal stress principle and the plastic deformation rule of the forging piece, prevent the local deformation of the forging piece, remove the scrap at one time, avoid the processing difficulty and the complex operation brought by the machining process after forging, further reduce the cost, simultaneously avoid the punching burrs on the non-processing surface, reduce the whole machining workload, assist the accurate temperature control in the whole process, not only can obtain the shape of the flange hub forging piece, be difficult to generate the size deviation, but also can improve the internal structure of metal, the mechanical property and the physical property of metal are improved, and the service performance and the service life of the flange hub forging are further improved.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking: calculating the size of the forging stock according to a drawing, and cutting the forging stock into a blank through automatic cutting;
s2, annealing: the blank is sent into a heating furnace to be slowly heated to the temperature of 720-760 ℃, after heat preservation is carried out for 1.5-2h, the blank is quickly transferred into the heating furnace at the temperature of 680-700 ℃, isothermal maintenance is carried out until austenite is completely transformed into lamellar pearlite, the blank is taken out of the furnace to be air-cooled, the purpose of heating before forging is to improve metal plasticity, reduce deformation resistance, enable the blank to be easily deformed and obtain a good forging, simultaneously refine crystal grains, adjust the structure, eliminate the structure defect, homogenize the material structure and components, and improve the material performance or prepare the structure for the subsequent heat treatment;
s3, descaling: cleaning oxide skin adhered to the surface of the heated red hot blank by a forging blank peeling machine, and preventing the oxide skin from accumulating in a die cavity, so that the next step of preforming of a product blank is facilitated, and the generation of surface defects of the forging product blank is reduced;
s4, upsetting: placing the blank on an upsetting die and upsetting the blank through a punch;
s5, rough forging: placing the blank after upsetting in a rough forging die cavity for rough forging to realize the preforming of the blind hole on the forge piece and obtain a rough blank with the outline similar to that of the finished forge piece;
s6, precision forging: placing the rough forged blank in a cavity of a precision forging synchronous die, and carrying out precision forging through a multi-pass punching mechanism to realize the molding of blind holes and mounting holes on the forge piece, so as to obtain a forge piece blank;
s7, preheating: preheating the fractional punching mechanism before finish forging, wherein the preheating temperature is 50-100 ℃ higher than the temperature of the forged piece;
s8, trimming: trimming the blank with residual temperature to form a target forging;
s9, heat treatment: firstly, normalizing; secondly, preserving heat; thirdly, cooling the variable medium; fourthly, tempering; fifthly, performing conventional air cooling and heat treatment to refine coarse grains caused in the forging process, eliminate work hardening and residual stress, reduce hardness, improve cutting processability, prevent white spots from being generated in the forge piece and ensure that required metal structure and mechanical property are obtained;
s10, surface treatment: performing shot blasting and phosphorization saponification treatment on the heat-treated forged piece;
s11, flaw detection: and determining that the forging has no cracks and defects through ultrasonic flaw detection.
Furthermore, the blanking weight in the step S1 is 1.02-1.05 times of the theoretical weight, and through process optimization, on the basis of meeting the requirement of blanking, raw materials are saved to the greatest extent, and the forging cost is reduced.
Further, the annealing heating speed in the step S2 is 100-.
Further, the precision forging synchronous die in the step S6 includes a lower die holder, a lower die is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lower die holder, an upper die is detachably connected to the upper end of the lower die, a forging is placed in a cavity between the lower die and the upper die, an upper punch and a lower punch are respectively disposed at the upper end and the lower end of a blind hole of the forging, a multiple punching mechanism is further disposed in the upper die, the multiple punching mechanism includes an annular pressing head matched with the upper end face of the forging, a pair of first ejector rods is fixedly connected to the upper end of the annular pressing head, movable holes with the number identical to that of the mounting holes are formed in the annular pressing head, penetrating punches are slidably connected in the movable holes, second ejector rods are fixedly connected to the upper end of the penetrating punches, one-step molding of a weight-reducing portion and a mounting hole portion of the forging can be simultaneously completed through, the treatment difficulty and procedures are reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Further, it cuts a groove to run through the drift lower extreme, the groove pad is equipped with the heat conduction silica gel layer, fixedly connected with heat conduction net between the heat conduction silica gel layer recess diapire, the recess plays the effect of dodging mounting hole position core on the forging, reduce the area of contact who runs through drift lower extreme and forging up end simultaneously, improve punching pressure with annular small area contact, reduce near material's of mounting hole deformation, the heat conduction silica gel layer plays the effect of heat accumulation and heating, the ability that has flexible deformation simultaneously, a central core of mounting hole position is heated, make it to heat up rapidly and produce the difference in temperature with other positions of forging, the difference in temperature leads to the thermal stress at mounting hole position to produce, both reduced the deformation resistance here, make the punching a hole that runs through the drift more easy simultaneously, local deformation is littleer.
Further, the distance between the groove and the outer wall of the through punch is 0.2-0.5mm, the distance determines the annular contact area in the punching process, if the distance is too small, the strength of the through punch is not enough, the through punch is easy to break or deform in the punching process, so that the punching failure is caused, if the distance is too large, the punching pressure of the through punch is reduced, on one hand, a larger punching driving force needs to be provided, and on the other hand, the local deformation can be increased.
Furthermore, in the step S6, the blind holes are formed firstly, the mounting holes are formed secondly, and the forged piece formed in the sequence has small size and shape errors and high finished product precision.
Further, before the heat treatment in step S9, the blank should be slowly cooled to room temperature by air.
Further, the step S9 of heat treating specifically includes the following steps:
s91, normalizing: feeding the blank into a heating furnace, and heating to 940-960 ℃ at the speed of less than 90-120 ℃/h;
s92, heat preservation: after reaching the temperature, preserving the heat for 1-2 h;
s93, cooling by variable media: firstly, water cooling is carried out for 1-2min, the effluent is air cooled for 30-40s, then water cooling is carried out for 1-2min, and the effluent is air cooled to room temperature;
s94, tempering: tempering at the temperature of 650 plus 700 ℃, wherein the tempering time is 1.2-1.5 times of the heat preservation time;
s95, normal air cooling: and air-cooling to room temperature.
The internal stress of the forged piece after heat treatment is released by tempering in the treatment process, so that the early-stage deformation of the forged piece is reduced; the forged blank has uniform surface hardness and tissue, high mechanical strength and strong performance.
Furthermore, the forge piece adopts a warm forging process, the blank material is taken out of the furnace and air-cooled to 280-320 ℃ in the annealing of the step S2, and then immediately enters the next step, and the warm forging forming has the advantages of cold forging forming and hot forging forming. The warm forging forming completely inherits the advantages of high production efficiency of cold forging forming, raw material saving, product quality improvement and the like, and has lower resistance and better formability compared with the cold forging forming. Meanwhile, the temperature forming avoids the defects of high energy consumption of hot forging forming, easy generation of overheating, overburning, oxidation, decarburization, large processing allowance, low product quality and the like.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
this scheme can realize in the forging process to the heavy position of subtracting and mounting hole position of forging, through install the mechanism of punching a hole in grades in current precision forging mould, based on the thermal stress principle and the plastic deformation law of forging, can make the forging directly carry out one shot forming at the forging in-process, prevent forging local deformation, and the waste material is once got rid of, the processing degree of difficulty and the loaded down with trivial details operation that the machining process after avoiding forging brought, the cost can further be reduced, can also avoid the appearance of non-processing face burr that punches a hole simultaneously, make whole machining work load reduce, assist whole accurate temperature control, not only can obtain the shape of flange wheel hub forging, the size deviation is difficult for appearing, and can improve metal internal organization, improve the mechanical properties and the physical properties of metal, and then promote the performance and the life-span of flange wheel hub forging.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a precision forging synchronous die part according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a flange hub forging of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the lower end face of the multiple punching mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the present invention multi-piercing mechanism;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a flange hub forging of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the flanged hub forging of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
1 lower die holder, 2 lower dies, 3 upper dies, 4 lower punches, 5 upper punches, 6 annular pressure heads, 7 first ejector rods, 8 second ejector rods, 9 through punches and 10 heat conduction silica gel layers.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top/bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "sleeved/connected," "connected," and the like are used in a broad sense, and for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and a communication between two elements.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, a synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process includes the following steps:
s1, blanking: calculating the size of a forging stock according to a drawing, automatically cutting the forging stock into a blank, wherein the blanking weight is 1.02 times of the theoretical weight, and by process optimization, on the basis of meeting the requirement of blanking, the raw materials are saved to the greatest extent, and the forging cost is reduced;
s2, annealing: the blank is sent into a heating furnace to be slowly heated to the temperature of 720 ℃, the annealing heating speed is 100 ℃/h, the uniform and slow annealing treatment can more uniformly homogenize the structure and the components of the forging material, the plasticity of the forging material is improved, the subsequent forging treatment is convenient, the blank is quickly transferred into the heating furnace with the temperature of 680 ℃ after being thermally insulated for 1.5h, the blank is kept isothermally until the austenite is completely converted into lamellar pearlite, the blank is taken out of the heating furnace for air cooling, the heating before forging aims to improve the plasticity of metal, reduce the deformation resistance, enable the blank to be easily deformed and obtain a good forging, simultaneously refine crystal grains, adjust the structure, eliminate the structure defects, homogenize the structure and the components of the material, and improve the material performance or prepare the structure for the;
s3, descaling: cleaning oxide skin adhered to the surface of the heated red hot blank by a forging blank peeling machine, and preventing the oxide skin from accumulating in a die cavity, so that the next step of preforming of a product blank is facilitated, and the generation of surface defects of the forging product blank is reduced;
s4, upsetting: placing the blank on an upsetting die and upsetting the blank through a punch;
s5, rough forging: placing the blank after upsetting in a rough forging die cavity for rough forging to realize the preforming of the blind hole on the forge piece and obtain a rough blank with the outline similar to that of the finished forge piece;
s6, precision forging: placing the rough forged blank in a cavity of a precision forging synchronous die, and carrying out precision forging through a multi-pass punching mechanism to realize the molding of blind holes and mounting holes on the forge piece, so as to obtain a forge piece blank;
s7, preheating: preheating the fractional punching mechanism before finish forging, wherein the preheating temperature is higher than the temperature of the forged piece by 50 ℃;
s8, trimming: trimming the blank with residual temperature to form a target forging;
s9, heat treatment: waiting for the blank to be slowly cooled in air to the room temperature, wherein the heat treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
s91, normalizing: feeding the blank into a heating furnace, and heating to 940 ℃ at the speed of less than 90 ℃/h;
s92, heat preservation: after reaching the temperature, preserving the heat for 1 h;
s93, cooling by variable media: firstly, water cooling is carried out for 1min, the effluent is air cooled for 30s, then water cooling is carried out for 1min, and the effluent is air cooled to room temperature;
s94, tempering: tempering at 650 ℃, wherein the tempering time is 1.2 times of the heat preservation time;
s95, normal air cooling: and air-cooling to room temperature.
The internal stress of the forged piece after heat treatment is released by tempering in the treatment process, so that the early-stage deformation of the forged piece is reduced; the forging stock has uniform surface hardness and structure, high mechanical strength and strong performance, and the heat treatment aims at refining coarse grains caused in the forging process, eliminating work hardening and residual stress, reducing the hardness, improving the cutting processing performance, preventing white spots from being generated in the forging and ensuring that the required metal structure and mechanical performance are obtained;
s10, surface treatment: performing shot blasting and phosphorization saponification treatment on the heat-treated forged piece;
s11, flaw detection: and determining that the forging has no cracks and defects through ultrasonic flaw detection.
Referring to fig. 3, 6 and 7, a finished forged product of the flange hub is obtained.
Referring to fig. 2, in step S6, the precision forging synchronous die includes a lower die holder 1, a lower die 2 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the lower die holder 1, an upper die 3 is detachably connected to the upper end of the lower die 2, a forging is placed in a cavity between the lower die 2 and the upper die 3, an upper punch 5 and a lower punch 4 are respectively disposed at the upper end and the lower end of a blind hole of the forging, a multiple punching mechanism is further disposed in the upper die 3, the multiple punching mechanism includes an annular pressing head 6 matched with the upper end face of the forging, and a pair of first ejector rods 7 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the.
Referring to fig. 4-5, the annular pressing head 6 is provided with a number of movable holes consistent with the number of the mounting holes, the movable holes are connected with a through punch 9 in a sliding manner, the upper end of the through punch 9 is fixedly connected with a second ejector rod 8, the first ejector rod 7 and the second ejector rod 8 are separately connected with a driving mechanism which can be driven by hydraulic pressure or air pressure, the driving method is consistent with the prior art, the one-step forming of the weight-reduced part and the mounting hole part on the forge piece can be simultaneously completed through a multi-step punching mechanism, subsequent machining treatment is not needed, the treatment difficulty and procedures are reduced, the cost is reduced, the lower end of the through punch 9 is provided with a groove, the groove pad is provided with a heat-conducting silica gel layer 10, a heat-conducting net is fixedly connected between the bottom walls of the grooves of the heat-conducting silica gel layer 10, the groove plays a role of, the annular small-area contact is used for improving the punching pressure, reducing the deformation of materials near the mounting hole, the heat-conducting silica gel layer 10 plays a role in heat storage and heating, and has the capability of flexible deformation, and is used for heating the central core part of the mounting hole part to rapidly increase the temperature of the central core part and generate a temperature difference with other parts of a forge piece, the temperature difference causes the generation of thermal stress at the mounting hole part, so that the deformation resistance at the position is reduced, the punching of the through punch 9 is easier, the local deformation is smaller, the distance between the groove and the outer wall of the through punch 9 is 0.2-0.5mm, the distance determines the annular contact area in the punching process, if the distance is too small, the strength of the through punch 9 is insufficient, the breakage or the deformation is easy to cause the punching failure in the punching process, if the distance is too large, the punching pressure of the through punch 9 is reduced, on one hand, a, on the other hand, local deformation is increased.
In the step S6, the blind holes are formed first, then the mounting holes are formed, the size and shape errors of the forge piece formed by adopting the sequence are small, and the precision of the finished product is high.
The precise forging method comprises the following specific steps: preheating the heat-conducting silica gel layer 10, synchronously punching the lower punch 4, the upper punch 5 and the annular pressure head 6 after preheating, reversely extruding the upper end of the forge piece, enabling the material to be bowl-shaped and upwards protruded, basically forming the forge piece, forming a weight reduction part and a blind hole part, driving the second ejector rod 8 to drive the penetrating punch 9 to downwards punch the forge piece, generating temperature difference with the periphery after the forge piece mounting hole core part is heated by the heat-conducting silica gel layer 10, generating thermal stress, just right enabling the protruding part penetrating the punch 9 relative to the groove to downwards punch the hole along the thermal stress, simultaneously improving the plasticity of the part at the mounting hole part due to heating, reducing deformation resistance, preventing deformation while conveniently forming the mounting hole, deforming along the directly stressed edge when forming the mounting hole, and deforming along with the mounting hole core part.
The forging piece adopts a warm forging process, the blank material is taken out of the furnace and air-cooled to 280-320 ℃ in the annealing of the step S2, and then immediately enters the next step, and the warm forging forming has the advantages of cold forging forming and hot forging forming. The warm forging forming completely inherits the advantages of high production efficiency of cold forging forming, raw material saving, product quality improvement and the like, and has lower resistance and better formability compared with the cold forging forming. Meanwhile, the temperature forming avoids the defects of high energy consumption of hot forging forming, easy generation of overheating, overburning, oxidation, decarburization, large processing allowance, low product quality and the like.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 1, a synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process includes the following steps:
s1, blanking: calculating the size of a forging stock according to a drawing, and cutting the forging stock into a blank by automatic cutting, wherein the blanking weight is 1.04 times of the theoretical weight;
s2, annealing: feeding the blank into a heating furnace, slowly heating to the temperature of 740 ℃, annealing at the heating speed of 100-;
s3, descaling: cleaning oxide skin adhered to the surface of the heated red hot blank by a forging blank peeling machine;
s4, upsetting: placing the blank on an upsetting die and upsetting the blank through a punch;
s5, rough forging: placing the blank after upsetting in a rough forging die cavity for rough forging to realize the preforming of the blind hole on the forge piece and obtain a rough blank with the outline similar to that of the finished forge piece;
s6, precision forging: placing the rough forged blank in a cavity of a precision forging synchronous die, and carrying out precision forging through a multi-pass punching mechanism to realize the molding of blind holes and mounting holes on the forge piece, so as to obtain a forge piece blank;
s7, preheating: preheating the fractional punching mechanism before finish forging, wherein the preheating temperature is higher than the forging temperature by 80 ℃;
s8, trimming: trimming the blank with residual temperature to form a target forging;
s9, heat treatment: waiting for the blank to be slowly cooled in air to the room temperature, wherein the heat treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
s91, normalizing: feeding the blank into a heating furnace, and heating to 950 ℃ at the speed of less than 100 ℃/h;
s92, heat preservation: after reaching the temperature, preserving the heat for 1.5 h;
s93, cooling by variable media: firstly, water cooling is carried out for 1.5min, the effluent is air cooled for 35s, then water cooling is carried out for 1.5min, and the effluent is air cooled to room temperature;
s94, tempering: tempering at 680 ℃, wherein the tempering time is 1.4 times of the heat preservation time;
s95, normal air cooling: and air-cooling to room temperature.
S10, surface treatment: performing shot blasting and phosphorization saponification treatment on the heat-treated forged piece;
s11, flaw detection: and determining that the forging has no cracks and defects through ultrasonic flaw detection.
The remainder was in accordance with example 1.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 1, a synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process includes the following steps:
s1, blanking: calculating the size of a forging stock according to a drawing, and cutting the forging stock into a blank by automatic cutting, wherein the blanking weight is 1.05 times of the theoretical weight;
s2, annealing: feeding the blank into a heating furnace, slowly heating to 760 ℃, keeping the annealing heating speed at 150 ℃/h, quickly transferring the blank into the heating furnace at 700 ℃ after keeping the temperature for 2h, keeping the blank at constant temperature until all austenite is converted into lamellar pearlite, discharging the blank out of the furnace, and air cooling the blank;
s3, descaling: cleaning oxide skin adhered to the surface of the heated red hot blank by a forging blank peeling machine;
s4, upsetting: placing the blank on an upsetting die and upsetting the blank through a punch;
s5, rough forging: placing the blank after upsetting in a rough forging die cavity for rough forging to realize the preforming of the blind hole on the forge piece and obtain a rough blank with the outline similar to that of the finished forge piece;
s6, precision forging: placing the rough forged blank in a cavity of a precision forging synchronous die, and carrying out precision forging through a multi-pass punching mechanism to realize the molding of blind holes and mounting holes on the forge piece, so as to obtain a forge piece blank;
s7, preheating: preheating a fractional punching mechanism before finish forging, wherein the preheating temperature is higher than the temperature of a forged piece by 100 ℃;
s8, trimming: trimming the blank with residual temperature to form a target forging;
s9, heat treatment: waiting for the blank to be slowly cooled in air to the room temperature, wherein the heat treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
s91, normalizing: feeding the blank into a heating furnace, and heating to 960 ℃ at a speed of less than 90 ℃/h;
s92, heat preservation: after reaching the temperature, preserving the heat for 2 hours;
s93, cooling by variable media: firstly, water cooling is carried out for 2min, the effluent is air cooled for 40s, then water cooling is carried out for 2min, and the effluent is air cooled to room temperature;
s94, tempering: tempering at 700 ℃, wherein the tempering time is 1.5 times of the heat preservation time;
s85, normal air cooling: and air-cooling to room temperature.
S10, surface treatment: performing shot blasting and phosphorization saponification treatment on the heat-treated forged piece;
s11, flaw detection: and determining that the forging has no cracks and defects through ultrasonic flaw detection.
The remainder was in accordance with example 1.
The invention can realize the weight reduction part and the mounting hole part of the forge piece in the forging process, the forge piece can be directly formed at one time in the forging process by installing the fractional punching mechanism in the existing precision forging die based on the thermal stress principle and the plastic deformation rule of the forge piece, the local deformation of the forge piece is prevented, the waste is removed at one time, the processing difficulty and the complex operation caused by the machining process after forging are avoided, the cost is further reduced, meanwhile, the occurrence of punching burrs on a non-processing surface can be avoided, the whole machining workload is reduced, the accurate temperature control in the whole process is assisted, the shape of the flange hub forge piece can be obtained, the size deviation is not easy to occur, the internal structure of the metal can be improved, the mechanical property and the physical property of the metal are improved, and the service performance and the service life of the flange hub forge piece are further improved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the scope of the invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical scope of the present invention by equivalent or modified solutions and modifications within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a synchronous type forging removes forging technology of waste material weight reduction which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking: calculating the size of the forging stock according to a drawing, and cutting the forging stock into a blank through automatic cutting;
s2, annealing: the blank is sent into a heating furnace to be slowly heated to the temperature of 720-760 ℃, after heat preservation is carried out for 1.5-2h, the blank is quickly transferred into the heating furnace at the temperature of 680-700 ℃, isothermal maintenance is carried out until austenite is completely converted into lamellar pearlite, and the blank is taken out of the furnace to be air-cooled;
s3, descaling: cleaning oxide skin adhered to the surface of the heated red hot blank by a forging blank peeling machine;
s4, upsetting: placing the blank on an upsetting die and upsetting the blank through a punch;
s5, rough forging: placing the blank after upsetting in a rough forging die cavity for rough forging to realize the preforming of the blind hole on the forge piece and obtain a rough blank with the outline similar to that of the finished forge piece;
s6, precision forging: placing the rough forged blank in a cavity of a precision forging synchronous die, and carrying out precision forging through a multi-pass punching mechanism to realize the molding of blind holes and mounting holes on the forge piece, so as to obtain a forge piece blank;
s7, preheating: preheating the fractional punching mechanism before finish forging, wherein the preheating temperature is 50-100 ℃ higher than the temperature of the forged piece;
s8, trimming: trimming the blank with residual temperature to form a target forging;
s9, heat treatment: firstly, normalizing; secondly, preserving heat; thirdly, cooling the variable medium; fourthly, tempering; fifthly, performing conventional air cooling;
s10, surface treatment: performing shot blasting and phosphorization saponification treatment on the heat-treated forged piece;
s11, flaw detection: and determining that the forging has no cracks and defects through ultrasonic flaw detection.
2. The synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the blanking weight is 1.02-1.05 times of the theoretical weight.
3. The synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: the annealing heating speed in the step S2 is 100-150 ℃/h.
4. The synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: the precision forging synchronous die in the step S6 comprises a lower die holder (1), the upper end of the lower die holder (1) is fixedly connected with a lower die (2), the upper end of the lower die (2) is detachably connected with an upper die (3), a forging piece is placed in a cavity between the lower die (2) and the upper die (3), the upper end and the lower end of the blind hole position of the forge piece are respectively provided with an upper punch (5) and a lower punch (4), a grading punching mechanism is also arranged in the upper die (3), the grading punching mechanism comprises an annular pressure head (6) matched with the upper end surface of the forge piece, the upper end of the annular pressure head (6) is fixedly connected with a pair of first ejector rods (7), the annular pressure head (6) is provided with movable holes with the same number as the mounting holes, penetrating punches (9) are connected in the movable holes in a sliding way, and the upper end of the penetrating punch (9) is fixedly connected with a second ejector rod (8).
5. The synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process of claim 4, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: run through drift (9) lower extreme and cut a groove, the groove pad is equipped with heat conduction silica gel layer (10), fixedly connected with heat conduction net between heat conduction silica gel layer (10) recess diapire.
6. The synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process of claim 5, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: the distance between the groove and the outer wall of the penetrating punch (9) is 0.2-0.5 mm.
7. The synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: in the step S6, the blind hole is formed first, and then the mounting hole is formed.
8. The synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: and before the heat treatment in the step S9, the blank is slowly cooled to room temperature in air.
9. The synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: the heat treatment of step S9 specifically includes the following steps:
s91, normalizing: feeding the blank into a heating furnace, and heating to 940-960 ℃ at the speed of less than 90-120 ℃/h;
s92, heat preservation: after reaching the temperature, preserving the heat for 1-2 h;
s93, cooling by variable media: firstly, water cooling is carried out for 1-2min, the effluent is air cooled for 30-40s, then water cooling is carried out for 1-2min, and the effluent is air cooled to room temperature;
s94, tempering: tempering at the temperature of 650 plus 700 ℃, wherein the tempering time is 1.2-1.5 times of the heat preservation time;
s95, normal air cooling: and air-cooling to room temperature.
10. The synchronous forging scrap-removing and weight-reducing forging process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: the forging piece adopts a warm forging process, and the next step is immediately carried out after the blank material is taken out of the furnace and air-cooled to 280-320 ℃ in the annealing of the step S2.
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| CN111375993A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-07-07 | 山东浩信机械有限公司 | Hub assembly, hub and manufacturing process thereof |
| CN111889975A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-06 | 临沂宏森轨道交通材料有限公司 | Forging process of front axle of heavy truck |
| CN112658598A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-04-16 | 冠亿精密工业(昆山)有限公司 | Machining method of fluted disc fixing nut |
| CN112719928A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-30 | 武汉理工大学 | Intelligent production method and system of annular forging |
| CN113198957A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-08-03 | 上海长特锻造有限公司 | Joint blank forging forming process |
| CN114472782A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-13 | 章丘市宝华锻造有限公司 | Output gear shaft forging process |
| CN114833529A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-02 | 力野精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Production process of automobile control arm |
| CN115008137A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-06 | 上海交通大学 | Method for manufacturing blade tip and tail edge reinforcing edge of aircraft engine fan blade |
| CN117259630A (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2023-12-22 | 太仓申星锻造有限公司 | Forming process of membrane water-cooled wall sealing forging |
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| CN111375993A (en) * | 2020-01-02 | 2020-07-07 | 山东浩信机械有限公司 | Hub assembly, hub and manufacturing process thereof |
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| CN112658598A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-04-16 | 冠亿精密工业(昆山)有限公司 | Machining method of fluted disc fixing nut |
| CN112719928A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-30 | 武汉理工大学 | Intelligent production method and system of annular forging |
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| CN114472782A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-13 | 章丘市宝华锻造有限公司 | Output gear shaft forging process |
| CN114833529A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-08-02 | 力野精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Production process of automobile control arm |
| CN115008137A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-06 | 上海交通大学 | Method for manufacturing blade tip and tail edge reinforcing edge of aircraft engine fan blade |
| CN117259630A (en) * | 2023-09-28 | 2023-12-22 | 太仓申星锻造有限公司 | Forming process of membrane water-cooled wall sealing forging |
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Address after: 313100 No.3, east of ChenWang Road, south of Shangzhuang Road, Changxing Development Zone, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: ZHEJIANG ZHONGTONG AUTOMOBILE PARTS Co.,Ltd. Address before: 314015 Siguqiao Section 233 of Jialuo Highway, Xinyue Town, Xiuzhou District, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: ZHEJIANG ZHONGTONG AUTOMOBILE PARTS Co.,Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20230119 Address after: 313100 South of Shangzhuang Road, east of Chenwang Road, Changxing County Development Zone, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: Zhejiang Zhongying Auto Parts Co.,Ltd. Address before: 313100 No.3, east of ChenWang Road, south of Shangzhuang Road, Changxing Development Zone, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: ZHEJIANG ZHONGTONG AUTOMOBILE PARTS Co.,Ltd. |