CN110719125B - Multi-antenna transmission method for unmanned aerial vehicle frequency spectrum sharing system - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0404—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas the mobile station comprising multiple antennas, e.g. to provide uplink diversity
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- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-antenna transmission method for an unmanned aerial vehicle frequency spectrum sharing system, which is applied to a wireless system in which an unmanned aerial vehicle communication network and a ground communication network share a frequency spectrum. Carry out data transmission between ground basic station and the user, unmanned aerial vehicle shares the spectrum under the condition of not causing harmful interference to it simultaneously to with ground control center transmission information. The invention aims to maximize the channel capacity of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground control center, and improves the communication reliability of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground control center to the maximum extent under the condition that the power of the unmanned aerial vehicle is limited by a method of selecting the optimal antenna, thereby effectively improving the communication quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a multi-antenna transmission method for an unmanned aerial vehicle frequency spectrum sharing system.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, users are increasing, and the problem of insufficient spectrum resources is becoming more and more serious, which has become a bottleneck in the development of wireless communication business. Because unmanned aerial vehicle's is with low costs, easy operation has high flexibility, and its use in the communication field is more and more extensive. The unmanned aerial vehicle network has huge application scenes and especially has important practical significance to information technology. Therefore, when the unmanned aerial vehicle communication network and the ground communication network share the frequency spectrum for communication, how to improve the communication performance of the unmanned aerial vehicle under the condition that the ground communication is not harmfully interfered is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-antenna transmission method for an unmanned aerial vehicle frequency spectrum sharing system, and aims to solve the problem that how to improve the communication performance of an unmanned aerial vehicle under the condition that the unmanned aerial vehicle does not cause harmful interference on ground communication when an unmanned aerial vehicle communication network shares frequency spectrum with a ground communication network for communication in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-antenna transmission method facing an unmanned aerial vehicle frequency spectrum sharing system is characterized in that the system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a ground control center, a ground base station and ground users, data transmission is carried out between the ground base station and the ground users, and meanwhile, the unmanned aerial vehicle shares frequency spectrum under the condition of not causing harmful interference to the unmanned aerial vehicle and transmits information with the ground control center; the unmanned aerial vehicle is provided with multiple antennas, and the ground control center, the ground base station and the ground user are all single antennas, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring large-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to a ground control center and to a ground user;
according to the maximum value of the tolerable interference power of the ground user, combining the large-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground user, and calculating the transmitting power of the unmanned aerial vehicle;
according to the transmitting power of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the large-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center is combined, and the antenna which can enable the channel capacity from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center to be maximum is selected for transmission.
Further, the large-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center and to the ground user is obtained by the following formulas (1) to (8):
in the above-mentioned formula,G UR andG Uu large-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center and from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground user respectively,
and
respectively the sight distance propagation probability and the non-sight distance propagation probability from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center,
and
respectively the sight distance propagation probability and the non-sight distance propagation probability from the unmanned plane to the ground user,cin order to be the speed of light,f c is the carrier frequency and is,
and
respectively representing the extra propagation loss caused by line-of-sight propagation and non-line-of-sight propagation relative to free space,
and
respectively representing the distance of the drone from the control center and the drone from the ground user,αin order to be a path loss factor,a UR andb UR is an environmental parameter at the ground control center,a Uu andb Uu as is the environmental parameter at the surface user,θ UR andθ Uu the pitch angles generated by the drone relative to the ground control center and the ground user respectively,His the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle,L 1the horizontal distance from the ground control center to the unmanned aerial vehicle,L 2the horizontal distance from the ground user to the unmanned aerial vehicle.
Further, the transmission power of the drone is obtained by the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,P U is the transmission power of the unmanned aerial vehicle,
for unmanned aerial vehicleiThe small scale fading of the root antenna to the terrestrial user,i=1,2,3...N，Nis a positive integer and is a non-zero integer,G Uu for large scale transmission loss from the drone to the ground user,Ithe maximum interference power that the ground user can bear under the condition of ensuring normal communication between the ground base station and the ground user.
Further, according to unmanned aerial vehicle's transmitting power, combine unmanned aerial vehicle to ground control center's large-scale transmission loss, select to make unmanned aerial vehicle reach the antenna that the biggest to ground control center channel capacity and transmit, specifically include:
according to the transmitting power of the unmanned aerial vehicle, in combination with the large-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center, the antenna which can enable the channel capacity from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center to be maximum is selected through an optimal antenna selection method for transmission.
Further, the specific steps of selecting an antenna by the optimal antenna selection method are as follows:
s1, calculating the channel capacity between each antenna of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground control center according to the following formula:
in the formula (10), the compound represented by the formula (10),
for unmanned aerial vehicleiThe channel capacity between the root antenna to the ground control center,i=1,2,3...N，Nis a positive integer and is a non-zero integer,
，
，P U is the transmission power of the unmanned aerial vehicle,P B is the transmit power of the ground base station,Iin order to ensure the maximum interference power that the ground user can bear under the condition of normal communication between the ground base station and the ground user,N 0for noise power at the ground control center,
for unmanned aerial vehicleiThe small scale fading of the root antenna to the terrestrial user,
for unmanned aerial vehicleiSmall scale fading of the root antenna to the ground control center,h BR for small scale fading from the ground base station to the ground control center,G Uu for large scale transmission loss from the drone to the ground user,G UR large-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to a ground control center;
s2, selecting the antenna with the largest channel capacity by the following formula:
in the formula (11), the reaction mixture is,Bifor the antenna selected to maximize channel capacity,U n max is the maximum value for the number of antennas of the drone.
Further, by substituting the antenna selected in step S2 into equation (10), the maximum channel capacity from the drone to the control center can be obtainedC UR Comprises the following steps:
according to the multi-antenna transmission method for the frequency spectrum sharing system of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the antenna which enables the channel capacity of unmanned aerial vehicle communication to be maximum is selected for transmission through the optimal antenna selection method under the condition that the power of the unmanned aerial vehicle is limited, the reliability of communication between the unmanned aerial vehicle and a ground control center is improved to the maximum extent, the optimal transmission effect is achieved, and the communication quality is effectively improved.
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Fig. 1 is a system model diagram of a multi-antenna transmission method for an unmanned aerial vehicle spectrum sharing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a multi-antenna transmission method for an unmanned aerial vehicle spectrum sharing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 3 shows the effect of the number of antennas of a drone on the channel capacity of the drone to the ground control center.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Unmanned aerial vehicle has small, and the cost is low, convenient to use's characteristics, therefore unmanned aerial vehicle has obtained extensive application in the aspect of the communication, and ground communication is the indispensable part also simultaneously. At the present stage, with the rapid development of wireless communication utilities, the number of users is increasing day by day, the phenomenon of insufficient frequency spectrum resources is very serious, the phenomenon becomes a development bottleneck of the wireless communication utilities, the communication performance is necessarily reduced when the frequency spectrum is shared by the unmanned aerial vehicle communication and the ground communication, the optimal transmission effect is achieved by adopting the method for selecting the optimal antenna of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the communication quality is effectively improved.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present invention designs a multi-antenna transmission method for an unmanned aerial vehicle spectrum sharing system, which includes an unmanned aerial vehicle with multiple antennas, a ground control center, a ground base station, and a ground user. The ground base station normally communicates, meanwhile, the unmanned aerial vehicle shares the frequency spectrum under the condition of not causing harmful interference to the unmanned aerial vehicle, and transmits information with the ground control center, channels between the unmanned aerial vehicle and each node on the ground are subject to rice fading, and the nodes on the ground are subject to Rayleigh fading.
In the communication network of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle has large-scale loss and small-scale fading on wireless channels of each node on the ground, and meanwhile, the pitch angle of the ground terminal also brings extra influence on the fading of the channels of the unmanned aerial vehicle, so that the state information of the distributed channels is obtained at first, and the channel gain of the distributed channels is obtained.
And step A, acquiring the distributed channel state information based on the transmission of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the ground control center and the ground user. Respectively aiming at two communication links from the unmanned aerial vehicle to a ground control center and from the unmanned aerial vehicle to a ground user, obtaining the state information of the channel by the following formula:
in the above-mentioned formulas (1) to (8),G UR andG Uu large-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center and from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground user respectively,
and
respectively the sight distance propagation probability and the non-sight distance propagation probability from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center,
and
respectively the sight distance propagation probability and the non-sight distance propagation probability from the unmanned plane to the ground user,cin order to be the speed of light,f c is the carrier frequency and is,
and
respectively representing the extra propagation loss caused by line-of-sight propagation and non-line-of-sight propagation relative to free space,
and
respectively representing the distance of the drone from the control center and the drone from the ground user,αin order to be a path loss factor,a UR andb UR is an environmental parameter at the ground control center,a Uu andb Uu as is the environmental parameter at the surface user,θ UR andθ Uu the pitch angles generated by the drone relative to the ground control center and the ground user respectively,His the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle,L 1the horizontal distance from the ground control center to the unmanned aerial vehicle,L 2the horizontal distance from the ground user to the unmanned aerial vehicle.
And step B, the aerial unmanned aerial vehicle sends data information or control information to a ground control center, and meanwhile, same frequency interference can be caused to users, and the transmitting power of the aerial unmanned aerial vehicle is limited by regulating the maximum value of the interference which can be borne by the users. In order to calculate the transmitting power of the drone, the large-scale fading and small-scale fading factors of the drone to the ground user need to be considered.
Specifically, the transmission power of the drone is obtained by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,P U is the transmission power of the unmanned aerial vehicle,
for unmanned aerial vehicleiThe small scale fading factor of the root antenna to the terrestrial user,i=1,2...N，Nis a positive integer and is a non-zero integer,G Uu for large-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center,Iin order to ensure the maximum endurable of the user under the condition of normal communication between the ground base station and the userThe interference power.
Step C, channel capacity of the unmanned aerial vehicle and a ground control center is maximized by carrying out an optimal antenna selection method on the unmanned aerial vehicle, so that communication performance is improved, and the obtained channel capacity is obtained by the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for unmanned aerial vehicleiThe channel capacity between the root antenna to the ground control center,i=1,2...N，Nis a positive integer and is a non-zero integer,
，
，P U is the transmission power of the unmanned aerial vehicle,P B is the transmit power of the ground base station,Iin order to ensure the maximum interference power that the ground user can bear under the condition of normal communication between the ground base station and the ground user,N 0for noise power at the ground control center,
for unmanned aerial vehicleiThe small scale fading of the root antenna to the terrestrial user,
for unmanned aerial vehicleiSmall scale fading of the root antenna to the ground control center,h BR for small scale fading from the ground base station to the ground control center,G Uu for large-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center,G UR for unmanned aerial vehicle to ground controlLarge scale transmission loss in the center.
Selecting the antenna which maximizes the channel capacity by using the optimal antenna selection scheme:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Bifor the antenna selected to maximize channel capacity,U n max is the maximum value for the number of antennas of the drone.
The selected optimal antenna is replaced into a formula (10), and the maximum channel capacity from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the control center can be obtainedC UR Comprises the following steps:
an example of the implementation of the invention on a computer using matlab language simulation is given below. In the simulation, wireless channels are set to be mutually independent, the unmanned aerial vehicle obeys Rice fading to the channels among all the nodes on the ground, and the channels among all the nodes on the ground obey Rayleigh fading. As shown in fig. 3, whereincThe value is 3 × 10 for the speed of light8m/s，f c Is carrier frequency, and takes 2 × 109Hz，
The value is 1dB,
the value is 20dB,a UR anda Uu the value of the additive is 11.95,b UR andb Uu the value is 0.136, the flight height of the unmanned aerial vehicleHIs 200m, the horizontal distance from the ground control center to the unmanned aerial vehicleL 1150m, horizontal distance from ground user to unmanned aerial vehicleL 2The transmission power of the ground base station is 1w, which is 100 m. The argument in the graph is the maximum interference power tolerable by the terrestrial users, which can be derived from the graph according to the tolerable interference power of the terrestrial usersThe larger the interference power is, the larger the channel capacity from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center is, and the channel capacity gradually becomes larger as the number of the antennas increases. Here, each channel capacity can be calculated by the above equation (12).
The present invention has been disclosed in terms of the preferred embodiment, but is not intended to be limited to the embodiment, and all technical solutions obtained by substituting or converting equivalents thereof fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A multi-antenna transmission method facing an unmanned aerial vehicle frequency spectrum sharing system is characterized in that the system comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, a ground control center, a ground base station and ground users, data transmission is carried out between the ground base station and the ground users, and meanwhile, the unmanned aerial vehicle shares frequency spectrum under the condition of not causing harmful interference to the unmanned aerial vehicle and transmits information with the ground control center; the unmanned aerial vehicle is provided with multiple antennas, and the ground control center, the ground base station and the ground user are all single antennas, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring large-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to a ground control center and to a ground user;
according to the maximum value of the tolerable interference power of the ground user, combining the large-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground user, and calculating the transmitting power of the unmanned aerial vehicle;
according to the transmitting power of the unmanned aerial vehicle, combining the large-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center, and selecting an antenna which can enable the channel capacity from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center to be maximum through an optimal antenna selection method for transmission;
the specific steps of selecting the antenna by the optimal antenna selection method are as follows:
s1, calculating the channel capacity between each antenna of the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground control center according to the following formula:
in the formula (10), CUiRFor unmanned aerial vehicle ith antenna to ground controlChannel capacity between cores, i ═ 1,2,3.. N, N is a positive integer, γB＝PB/N0，γI＝I/N0，PUFor the transmitted power of the drone, PBThe transmission power of the ground base station, I is the maximum interference power that the ground user can bear under the condition of ensuring normal communication between the ground base station and the ground user, and N is0For noise power at the ground control center, hUiuSmall scale fading, h, from the ith antenna of the drone to the ground userUiRSmall scale fading h from the ith antenna of the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control centerBRFor small-scale fading, G, from ground base station to ground control centerUuFor large scale transmission loss of unmanned aerial vehicle to ground user, GURLarge-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to a ground control center;
s2, selecting the antenna with the largest channel capacity by the following formula:
in equation (11), Bi is the antenna selected to maximize channel capacity, UnMax is the maximum value for the number of antennas of the drone.
2. The multi-antenna transmission method for the spectrum sharing system of the unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the large-scale transmission loss of the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center and to the ground user is obtained by the following formulas (1) to (8):
in the above formula, GURAnd GUuLarge-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center and from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground user respectively,
and
respectively the sight distance propagation probability and the non-sight distance propagation probability from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center,
and
respectively the sight distance propagation probability and the non-sight distance propagation probability from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground user, c is the speed of light, fcIs a carrier frequency, ηLAnd ηNRespectively representing the extra propagation loss caused by the relative free space of the line-of-sight propagation and the non-line-of-sight propagation, |U,RI and IU,uL isIndicating the distance of the drone from the control center and the drone from the ground user, α is the path loss factor, aURAnd bURIs an environmental parameter at a ground control center, aUuAnd bUuBeing an environmental parameter at the surface user, thetaURAnd thetaUuRespectively, the pitching angle of the unmanned aerial vehicle generated relative to the ground control center and the ground user, H is the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle, L1Horizontal distance, L, from ground control center to unmanned aerial vehicle2The horizontal distance from the ground user to the unmanned aerial vehicle.
3. The method for transmitting multiple antennas of spectrum sharing system for unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the transmission power of the unmanned aerial vehicle is obtained by the following formula:
in the formula, PUIs the transmission power of the unmanned aerial vehicle, hUiuThe small-scale fading from the ith antenna of the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground user is 1,2,3UuThe large-scale transmission loss from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground user is represented by I, which is the maximum interference power that the ground user can bear under the condition of ensuring normal communication between the ground base station and the ground user.
4. The multi-antenna transmission method oriented to the spectrum sharing system of the unmanned aerial vehicle of claim 1, wherein the maximum channel capacity from the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ground control center is obtained by substituting the antenna selected in step S2 into formula (10).
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