CN108064077B - The power distribution method of full duplex D2D in cellular network - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种蜂窝网络中全双工D2D的功率分配方法,解决了现有技术中D2D通信系统频谱效率较低的问题。本发明在满足蜂窝用户的最小通信速率约束和蜂窝用户、D2D用户的单独功率约束的基础上,建立最大化系统频谱效率的蜂窝网络系统模型,针对得到的非线性非凸优化模型,使用传统优化方法和智能算法相结合的功率分配方法得到蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率。本发明考虑了全双工D2D用户和蜂窝用户的总频谱效率,且提出的功率分配方法具有精度高、复杂度低的特点,提高了D2D通信系统的可靠性和频谱效率。
The invention discloses a full-duplex D2D power distribution method in a cellular network, which solves the problem of low spectral efficiency of a D2D communication system in the prior art. On the basis of satisfying the minimum communication rate constraints of cellular users and the individual power constraints of cellular users and D2D users, the present invention establishes a cellular network system model that maximizes system spectrum efficiency, and uses traditional optimization methods for the obtained nonlinear and non-convex optimization model. The power allocation method combining the method and the intelligent algorithm obtains the transmitting power of cellular users and D2D users. The present invention considers the total spectrum efficiency of full-duplex D2D users and cellular users, and the proposed power allocation method has the characteristics of high precision and low complexity, and improves the reliability and spectrum efficiency of the D2D communication system.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于通信技术领域,更进一步涉及终端直通通信技术领域中的一种蜂窝网络中全双工终端直通D2D(Device-to-Device)的功率分配方法。本发明可用于无线移动通信的蜂窝网络中,蜂窝用户使用传统蜂窝通信方式与基站通信,D2D用户使用全双工模式复用蜂窝用户的频谱资源进行D2D通信,进行蜂窝用户和D2D用户的最优功率分配,使系统频谱效率最大化,提升通信系统的频谱利用率和可靠性。The present invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and further relates to a full-duplex terminal direct D2D (Device-to-Device) power allocation method in a cellular network in the technical field of terminal direct communication. The present invention can be used in a cellular network of wireless mobile communication. Cellular users use traditional cellular communication methods to communicate with base stations, and D2D users use full-duplex mode to multiplex the spectrum resources of cellular users for D2D communication, and optimize cellular users and D2D users. Power allocation maximizes the spectrum efficiency of the system and improves the spectrum utilization and reliability of the communication system.
背景技术Background technique
D2D通信可以带来信道增益、跳数增益和复用增益,具有提高系统性能、提升用户体验、扩展蜂窝通信应用等优势,被广泛认为是下一代蜂窝网络中的关键技术之一。所谓D2D通信,是指D2D用户之间可以直接通信,不经过基站的中转。D2D通信可以使用专门的频谱资源,也可以复用传统蜂窝用户的频谱资源。当D2D复用蜂窝用户的频谱资源时,可以提高频谱利用率,但会对蜂窝用户造成干扰,同时也会受到来自蜂窝用户的干扰。D2D用户的工作模式分为半双工模式和全双工模式,当D2D用户采用全双工模式通信时,可以进一步提高频谱效率,但是会带来自身环路干扰,使干扰情况更加复杂。因此需要通过有效的资源分配方案来控制干扰,从而在保证蜂窝用户的通信质量的基础上,最大化通信系统的频谱效率。D2D communication can bring channel gain, hop count gain and multiplexing gain. It has the advantages of improving system performance, improving user experience, and expanding cellular communication applications. It is widely regarded as one of the key technologies in the next generation of cellular networks. The so-called D2D communication means that D2D users can communicate directly without going through the relay of the base station. D2D communication can use dedicated spectrum resources, and can also reuse spectrum resources of traditional cellular users. When D2D multiplexes spectrum resources of cellular users, spectrum utilization can be improved, but it will cause interference to cellular users, and at the same time, interference from cellular users will also be received. The working modes of D2D users are divided into half-duplex mode and full-duplex mode. When D2D users use the full-duplex mode to communicate, the spectrum efficiency can be further improved, but it will bring its own loop interference, making the interference situation more complicated. Therefore, it is necessary to control the interference through an effective resource allocation scheme, so as to maximize the spectrum efficiency of the communication system on the basis of ensuring the communication quality of cellular users.
Boqun Zuo等人在其发表的论文“Power Allocation Optimization for Full-Duplex D2D Communications Underlaying Cellular Networks”(Networking andNetwork Applications(NaNA),2016International Conference,pp.103-108)中提出了蜂窝网络中一种最大化全双工D2D用户的频谱效率的功率分配方法。该方法用于终端直通系统,在保证蜂窝用户的通信速率和各用户的单独功率约束下,构建D2D用户频谱效率最大化的数学模型,进一步通过凸近似的方法将非凸问题近似为凸问题,并通过多层迭代收敛到凸问题的优化解的方法来进行功率分配。该方法存在的不足之处是:目标函数只考虑了D2D链路的频谱效率,没有考虑蜂窝用户频谱效率,没有完全发挥全双工系统的性能。In their paper "Power Allocation Optimization for Full-Duplex D2D Communications Underlaying Cellular Networks" (Networking and Network Applications (NaNA), 2016 International Conference, pp.103-108), Boqun Zuo et al. A spectrally efficient power allocation method for full-duplex D2D users. This method is used in the terminal direct system. Under the constraints of ensuring the communication rate of cellular users and the individual power of each user, a mathematical model for maximizing the spectral efficiency of D2D users is constructed, and the non-convex problem is approximated as a convex problem by a convex approximation method. And the power allocation is carried out through the method of multi-layer iteration convergence to the optimal solution of the convex problem. The disadvantage of this method is that the objective function only considers the spectral efficiency of the D2D link, but does not consider the spectral efficiency of cellular users, and does not fully utilize the performance of the full-duplex system.
东南大学在其申请的专利文件“一种D2D用户对与蜂窝用户共享频谱的功率分配方法”(申请号:201710346637.X公开号:CN 107172574 A)中公开了一种D2D用户对与蜂窝用户共享频谱的功率分配方法。该方法的实现步骤为:第一,初始化迭代次数、用户分配功率和拉格朗日乘子;第二,计算蜂窝用户的分配功率;第三,对D2D用户对的数据速率进行一阶凸近似后化简;第四,利用次梯度下降法,更新用户分配功率和拉格朗日乘子;第五,判断拉格朗日乘子是否收敛,若是,则当前计算得到的分配功率矩阵为最终分配功率,若否,则将循环次数加一,返回执行步骤二。该方法存在的不足之处在于,该方法适用于D2D工作在半双工模式下,目标函数只考虑了D2D链路的和速率,系统的频谱利用率较低。Southeast University discloses a D2D user pair and cellular user sharing spectrum power allocation method in its patent document "A D2D user pair shares spectrum with cellular users" (application number: 201710346637.X publication number: CN 107172574 A). Spectrum power allocation method. The implementation steps of the method are as follows: first, initialize the number of iterations, user allocated power and Lagrangian multiplier; second, calculate the allocated power of cellular users; third, perform a first-order convex approximation on the data rate of the D2D user pair After simplification; fourth, use the subgradient descent method to update the user's allocated power and Lagrangian multipliers; fifth, judge whether the Lagrangian multipliers converge, and if so, the currently calculated allocated power matrix is the final Allocate power, if not, add one to the number of cycles, and return to step 2. The disadvantage of this method is that this method is suitable for D2D working in a half-duplex mode, the objective function only considers the sum rate of the D2D link, and the spectrum utilization rate of the system is low.
西安电子科技大学在其申请的专利文件“嵌入D2D的蜂窝网络中基于SINR增量迭代的功率分配方法”(申请号:201310606828.7公开号:CN 103582104 A)中公开了一种嵌入D2D的蜂窝网络中基于SINR增量迭代的功率分配方法。该方法首先建立关于该功率分配问题的模型,用效用函数的增加量来代表每次迭代时的收益。迭代算法包括:计算效用函数,改变蜂窝通信接收端的SINR和D2D通信接收端的SINR,计算相关收益函数,比较收益函数值大小从而确定增加哪类用户的SINR。该方法存在的不足之处在于:该方法适用于D2D工作在半双工模式下,整个系统的频谱利用率没有得到充分的利用。Xidian University disclosed a method of power allocation based on SINR incremental iteration in embedded D2D cellular network (application number: 201310606828.7 publication number: CN 103582104 A) which was applied for by Xidian University. A Power Allocation Method Based on SINR Incremental Iteration. The method first builds a model about the power allocation problem, and uses the increase of the utility function to represent the benefit of each iteration. The iterative algorithm includes: calculating the utility function, changing the SINR of the receiving end of the cellular communication and the SINR of the receiving end of the D2D communication, calculating the related income function, and comparing the value of the income function to determine which type of user's SINR to increase. The disadvantage of this method is that this method is suitable for D2D working in a half-duplex mode, and the spectrum utilization rate of the whole system is not fully utilized.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于针对上述已有技术的不足,提出一种蜂窝网络中全双工D2D的功率分配方法,通过本发明的方法可以使蜂窝用户和全双工D2D用户的总频谱效率达到最大,提升通信系统的频谱利用率和可靠性。The purpose of the present invention is to propose a full-duplex D2D power allocation method in a cellular network to address the shortcomings of the above-mentioned existing technologies. The method of the present invention can maximize the total spectrum efficiency of cellular users and full-duplex D2D users. Improve the spectrum utilization and reliability of the communication system.
实现本发明目的的思路是:蜂窝网络中包含一个基站、一个蜂窝用户和两个D2D用户,蜂窝用户到基站采用半双工模式通信,两个D2D用户采用全双工模式复用蜂窝用户的频谱资源通信,在满足蜂窝用户的最小通信速率约束和蜂窝用户、D2D用户的单独功率约束的基础上,建立最大化系统频谱效率的蜂窝网络系统模型,针对得到的非线性非凸优化模型,使用传统优化方法和智能算法相结合的功率分配方法得到蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率。The idea of realizing the purpose of the present invention is: the cellular network includes a base station, a cellular user and two D2D users, the cellular user communicates with the base station in half-duplex mode, and the two D2D users use the full-duplex mode to multiplex the spectrum of the cellular user For resource communication, on the basis of satisfying the minimum communication rate constraints of cellular users and the individual power constraints of cellular users and D2D users, a cellular network system model that maximizes the system spectrum efficiency is established. For the obtained nonlinear and non-convex optimization model, traditional The power allocation method combining optimization method and intelligent algorithm obtains the transmit power of cellular users and D2D users.
实现本发明目的的具体步骤如下:The concrete steps that realize the object of the present invention are as follows:
(1)按照下式,计算没有D2D用户复用蜂窝用户的频谱资源时,蜂窝用户到基站的最大信息速率:(1) According to the following formula, calculate the maximum information rate from the cellular user to the base station when no D2D user reuses the spectrum resource of the cellular user:
其中,Rcu′表示没有D2D用户复用蜂窝用户cu的频谱资源时,蜂窝用户cu到基站的最大信息速率,B表示蜂窝网络系统的带宽,log2表示以2为底的对数操作,表示蜂窝用户cu的最大发射功率,hcu表示蜂窝用户cu到基站通信链路的信道增益,nc表示基站接收的背景噪声功率;Among them, R cu ′ represents the maximum information rate from the cellular user cu to the base station when no D2D user reuses the spectrum resources of the cellular user cu, B represents the bandwidth of the cellular network system, log 2 represents the logarithmic operation with base 2, Indicates the maximum transmission power of the cellular user cu, h cu indicates the channel gain of the communication link between the cellular user cu and the base station, and n c indicates the background noise power received by the base station;
(2)判断没有D2D用户复用蜂窝用户cu的频谱资源时蜂窝用户cu到基站的最大信息速率Rcu′是否大于蜂窝网络系统中蜂窝用户cu自身的最小信息速率,若是,则执行步骤(3),否则,执行步骤(11);(2) Determine whether the maximum information rate R cu ' from the cellular user cu to the base station is greater than the minimum information rate of the cellular user cu itself in the cellular network system when there is no D2D user reusing the spectrum resources of the cellular user cu, and if so, perform step (3 ), otherwise, perform step (11);
(3)按照下式,基站建立使频谱效率最大的蜂窝网络系统的功率分配模型:(3) According to the following formula, the base station establishes the power allocation model of the cellular network system that maximizes the spectrum efficiency:
目标函数约束条件 objective function Restrictions
其中,max{·}表示求最大值的操作,p1表示第一个D2D用户的发射功率,h1表示第一个D2D用户到基站的干扰链路的信道增益,p2表示第二个D2D用户的发射功率,h2表示第二个D2D用户到基站的干扰链路的信道增益,h12表示第一个D2D用户到第二个D2D用户的通信链路的信道增益,h2′表示蜂窝用户到第二个D2D用户的干扰链路的信道增益,η表示第一个D2D用户进行自干扰消除后的剩余环路自干扰系数,第二个D2D用户与第一个D2D用户的剩余环路自干扰系数相等,nd表示第一个D2D用户接收的背景噪声功率,第二个D2D用户与第一个D2D用户接收的背景噪声相等,h21表示第二个D2D用户到第一个D2D用户的通信链路的信道增益,h1′表示蜂窝用户到第一个D2D用户的干扰链路的信道增益,表示蜂窝网络系统设定的蜂窝用户cu的最小信息速率,表示第一个D2D用户的最大发射功率,表示第二个D2D用户的最大发射功率;Among them, max{ } represents the operation of finding the maximum value, p 1 represents the transmit power of the first D2D user, h 1 represents the channel gain of the interference link from the first D2D user to the base station, and p 2 represents the second D2D user The transmit power of the user, h 2 represents the channel gain of the interference link from the second D2D user to the base station, h 12 represents the channel gain of the communication link from the first D2D user to the second D2D user, h 2 ′ represents the The channel gain of the interference link from the user to the second D2D user, η represents the residual loop self-interference coefficient of the first D2D user after self-interference cancellation, and the residual loop self-interference coefficient between the second D2D user and the first D2D user The self-interference coefficient is equal, n d represents the background noise power received by the first D2D user, the background noise received by the second D2D user is equal to that of the first D2D user, h 21 represents the second D2D user to the first D2D user The channel gain of the communication link of , h 1 ′ represents the channel gain of the interference link from the cellular user to the first D2D user, Indicates the minimum information rate of the cellular user cu set by the cellular network system, Indicates the maximum transmit power of the first D2D user, Indicates the maximum transmission power of the second D2D user;
(4)获得至少一个D2D用户的发射功率为0时,蜂窝用户和两个D2D用户的发射功率值:(4) When the transmit power of at least one D2D user is 0, the transmit power values of the cellular user and two D2D users:
(4a)令第一个D2D用户的发射功率为0,利用积极约束条件,计算蜂窝用户、第二个D2D用户的发射功率值,将该功率组合下的系统频谱效率值记为e1;(4a) Let the transmit power of the first D2D user be 0, use positive constraints to calculate the transmit power values of the cellular user and the second D2D user, and denote the system spectrum efficiency value under this power combination as e1;
(4b)令第二个D2D用户的发射功率为0,利用积极约束条件,计算蜂窝用户、第一个D2D用户的发射功率值,将该功率组合下的系统频谱效率值记为e2;(4b) Let the transmit power of the second D2D user be 0, use positive constraints to calculate the transmit power values of the cellular user and the first D2D user, and denote the system spectrum efficiency value under this power combination as e2;
(4c)若e1大于e2,将步骤(4a)中得到的蜂窝用户、第一个D2D用户、第二个D2D用户的功率记为功率组合1,否则,将步骤(4b)中得到的蜂窝用户、第一个D2D用户、第二个D2D用户的功率记为功率组合1;(4c) If e1 is greater than e2, record the power of the cellular user, the first D2D user, and the second D2D user obtained in step (4a) as power combination 1, otherwise, record the power of the cellular user obtained in step (4b) , the power of the first D2D user and the second D2D user is recorded as power combination 1;
(5)按照下式,计算两个D2D用户同时复用蜂窝用户的频谱资源时,蜂窝用户的信息速率最大值:(5) According to the following formula, calculate the maximum information rate of the cellular user when two D2D users simultaneously multiplex the spectrum resources of the cellular user:
其中,Rcu″表示两个D2D用户同时复用蜂窝用户cu到基站的频谱资源时,蜂窝用户cu的信息速率最大值,表示第一个D2D用户和第二个D2D用户的最小发射功率;Among them, R cu ″ represents the maximum information rate of the cellular user cu when two D2D users simultaneously multiplex the spectrum resources of the cellular user cu to the base station, Indicates the minimum transmission power of the first D2D user and the second D2D user;
(6)判断两个D2D用户同时复用蜂窝用户的频谱资源时蜂窝用户cu的信息速率最大值Rcu″是否不小于蜂窝用户cu自身的最小信息速率,若是,则执行步骤(7),否则,执行步骤(9);(6) Determine whether the maximum information rate R cu ″ of the cellular user cu is not less than the minimum information rate of the cellular user cu when two D2D users simultaneously multiplex the spectrum resources of the cellular user; if so, perform step (7); otherwise , execute step (9);
(7)获得两个D2D用户的发射功率均不为0时,蜂窝用户和两个D2D用户的发射功率值:(7) When the transmission power of the two D2D users is not 0, the transmission power values of the cellular user and the two D2D users:
根据蜂窝用户的最小速率约束,计算蜂窝用户和两个D2D用户的发射功率更精确的取值范围,利用自适应粒子群算法,计算蜂窝用户、两个D2D用户的发射功率,将得到的蜂窝用户、第一个D2D用户、第二个D2D用户的功率记为功率组合2;According to the minimum rate constraints of cellular users, calculate the more accurate value range of the transmitting power of cellular users and two D2D users, use the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm to calculate the transmitting power of cellular users and two D2D users, and obtain the cellular users , the power of the first D2D user and the second D2D user is recorded as power combination 2;
(8)判断功率组合1的系统频谱效率是否大于功率组合2的系统频谱效率,若是,则执行步骤(9),否则,执行步骤(10);(8) Judging whether the system spectral efficiency of power combination 1 is greater than the system spectral efficiency of power combination 2, if so, then perform step (9), otherwise, perform step (10);
(9)将蜂窝用户、第一个D2D用户和第二个D2D用户的发射功率,分别取功率组合1中的三个值后执行步骤(12);(9) Take the transmit powers of the cellular user, the first D2D user and the second D2D user respectively, and then perform step (12) after taking the three values in the power combination 1;
(10)将蜂窝用户、第一个D2D用户和第二个D2D用户的发射功率,分别取功率组合2中的三个值后执行步骤(12);(10) Take the transmit power of the cellular user, the first D2D user, and the second D2D user, respectively, and then perform step (12) after taking the three values in the power combination 2;
(11)将蜂窝用户cu的发射功率取其最大值,第一个D2D用户和第二个D2D用户的发射功率均取0,执行步骤(12);(11) Take the maximum value of the transmission power of the cellular user cu, take the transmission power of the first D2D user and the second D2D user as 0, and perform step (12);
(12)基站将得到的各用户对应的发射功率通知用户,用户使用基站通知的发射功率发射信号。(12) The base station notifies the user of the obtained transmission power corresponding to each user, and the user transmits a signal using the transmission power notified by the base station.
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
第一,本发明在满足蜂窝用户的最小通信速率约束和用户的单独功率约束基础上,使D2D工作在全双工模式下,最大化蜂窝用户和D2D用户的总频谱效率,克服了现有技术只考虑D2D用户频谱效率或者D2D工作在半双工模式下系统的频谱效率较低的问题,使得本发明提高了频谱的利用率。First, on the basis of satisfying the minimum communication rate constraints of cellular users and the individual power constraints of users, the present invention makes D2D work in full-duplex mode, maximizes the total spectrum efficiency of cellular users and D2D users, and overcomes the existing technology Only considering the D2D user spectrum efficiency or the low spectrum efficiency of the D2D system operating in the half-duplex mode, the present invention improves spectrum utilization.
第二,本发明针对非线性非凸的功率分配模型中的频谱效率优化问题,利用步骤(4)中传统优化方法与步骤(7)中自适应粒子群算法相结合的方法求解用户功率,克服了现有技术仅采用传统优化方法求解用户功率影响精度的问题,使得本发明具有精度高、复杂度低的优点。Second, the present invention aims at the spectral efficiency optimization problem in the nonlinear non-convex power distribution model, utilizes the traditional optimization method in the step (4) and the method that the self-adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm combines in the step (7) to solve the user power, overcome The prior art only adopts the traditional optimization method to solve the problem that the user power affects the precision, so that the present invention has the advantages of high precision and low complexity.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的蜂窝中全双工D2D通信场景示意图;FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a full-duplex D2D communication scenario in a cell according to the present invention;
图2为本发明的流程图;Fig. 2 is a flowchart of the present invention;
图3为本发明的仿真图。Fig. 3 is a simulation diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
参照图1,对本发明使用的场景做进一步的描述。Referring to Fig. 1, the scene used in the present invention is further described.
在图1中蜂窝网络中包含一个基站bs、一个蜂窝用户cu、第一个D2D用户du1和第二个D2D用户du2,蜂窝用户到基站采用半双工模式通信,两个D2D用户采用全双工模式复用蜂窝用户的频谱资源通信。图1中hcu表示蜂窝用户cu到基站的通信链路的信道增益,h1表示第一个D2D用户到基站的干扰链路的信道增益,h2表示第二个D2D用户到基站的干扰链路的信道增益,h1′表示蜂窝用户到第一个D2D用户的干扰链路的信道增益,h2′表示蜂窝用户到第二个D2D用户的干扰链路的信道增益,h12表示第一个D2D用户到第二个D2D用户的通信链路的信道增益,h21表示第二个D2D用户到第一个D2D用户的通信链路的信道增益,η表示两个D2D用户进行自干扰消除后的剩余环路自干扰系数。In Figure 1, the cellular network includes a base station bs, a cellular user cu, the first D2D user du1, and the second D2D user du2. The cellular user communicates with the base station in half-duplex mode, and the two D2D users use full-duplex communication. Mode multiplexes communication of spectrum resources of cellular users. In Figure 1, h cu represents the channel gain of the communication link from the cellular user cu to the base station, h 1 represents the channel gain of the interference link from the first D2D user to the base station, and h 2 represents the interference link from the second D2D user to the base station h 1 ′ represents the channel gain of the interference link from the cellular user to the first D2D user, h 2 ′ represents the channel gain of the interference link from the cellular user to the second D2D user, and h 12 represents the channel gain of the interference link from the cellular user to the second D2D user. The channel gain of the communication link from one D2D user to the second D2D user, h 21 represents the channel gain of the communication link from the second D2D user to the first D2D user, η represents the two D2D users after self-interference cancellation The residual loop self-interference coefficient of .
参照图2,对本发明完成蜂窝网络中全双工D2D的功率分配方法的具体步骤做进一步的详细描述。Referring to FIG. 2 , the specific steps of the present invention for completing the full-duplex D2D power allocation method in the cellular network will be further described in detail.
步骤1,按照下式,计算没有D2D用户复用蜂窝用户的频谱资源时,蜂窝用户到基站的最大信息速率:Step 1, according to the following formula, calculate the maximum information rate from the cellular user to the base station when no D2D user reuses the spectrum resource of the cellular user:
其中,Rcu′表示没有D2D用户复用蜂窝用户cu的频谱资源时,蜂窝用户cu到基站的最大信息速率,B表示蜂窝网络系统的带宽,log2表示以2为底的对数操作,表示蜂窝用户cu的最大发射功率,hcu表示蜂窝用户cu到基站通信链路的信道增益,nc表示基站接收的背景噪声功率。Among them, R cu ′ represents the maximum information rate from the cellular user cu to the base station when no D2D user reuses the spectrum resources of the cellular user cu, B represents the bandwidth of the cellular network system, log 2 represents the logarithmic operation with base 2, Indicates the maximum transmission power of the cellular user cu, h cu indicates the channel gain of the communication link between the cellular user cu and the base station, and n c indicates the background noise power received by the base station.
步骤2,判断没有D2D用户复用蜂窝用户cu的频谱资源时蜂窝用户cu到基站的最大信息速率Rcu′是否大于蜂窝网络系统中蜂窝用户cu自身的最小信息速率,若是,则执行步骤3,否则,执行步骤11。Step 2, judging whether the maximum information rate R cu ' from the cellular user cu to the base station is greater than the minimum information rate of the cellular user cu itself in the cellular network system when no D2D user reuses the spectrum resources of the cellular user cu, and if so, perform step 3, Otherwise, go to step 11.
步骤3,按照下式,基站建立使频谱效率最大的蜂窝网络系统的功率分配模型:目标函数约束条件 Step 3, according to the following formula, the base station establishes the power allocation model of the cellular network system that maximizes the spectrum efficiency: the objective function Restrictions
其中,max{·}表示求最大值的操作,p1表示第一个D2D用户的发射功率,h1表示第一个D2D用户到基站的干扰链路的信道增益,p2表示第二个D2D用户的发射功率,h2表示第二个D2D用户到基站的干扰链路的信道增益,h12表示第一个D2D用户到第二个D2D用户的通信链路的信道增益,h2′表示蜂窝用户到第二个D2D用户的干扰链路的信道增益,η表示第一个D2D用户进行自干扰消除后的剩余环路自干扰系数,第二个D2D用户与第一个D2D用户的剩余环路自干扰系数相等,nd表示第一个D2D用户接收的背景噪声功率,第二个D2D用户与第一个D2D用户接收的背景噪声相等,h21表示第二个D2D用户到第一个D2D用户的通信链路的信道增益,h1′表示蜂窝用户到第一个D2D用户的干扰链路的信道增益,表示蜂窝网络系统设定的蜂窝用户cu的最小信息速率,表示第一个D2D用户的最大发射功率,表示第二个D2D用户的最大发射功率。Among them, max{ } represents the operation of finding the maximum value, p 1 represents the transmit power of the first D2D user, h 1 represents the channel gain of the interference link from the first D2D user to the base station, and p 2 represents the second D2D user The transmit power of the user, h 2 represents the channel gain of the interference link from the second D2D user to the base station, h 12 represents the channel gain of the communication link from the first D2D user to the second D2D user, h 2 ′ represents the The channel gain of the interference link from the user to the second D2D user, η represents the residual loop self-interference coefficient of the first D2D user after self-interference cancellation, and the residual loop self-interference coefficient between the second D2D user and the first D2D user The self-interference coefficient is equal, n d represents the background noise power received by the first D2D user, the background noise received by the second D2D user is equal to that of the first D2D user, h 21 represents the second D2D user to the first D2D user The channel gain of the communication link of , h 1 ′ represents the channel gain of the interference link from the cellular user to the first D2D user, Indicates the minimum information rate of the cellular user cu set by the cellular network system, Indicates the maximum transmit power of the first D2D user, Indicates the maximum transmit power of the second D2D user.
步骤4,获得至少一个D2D用户的发射功率为0时,蜂窝用户和两个D2D用户的发射功率值。Step 4, when the transmit power of at least one D2D user is 0, transmit power values of the cellular user and two D2D users are obtained.
令第一个D2D用户的发射功率为0,利用积极约束条件,计算蜂窝用户、第二个D2D用户的发射功率值,将该功率组合下的系统频谱效率值记为e1。Let the transmit power of the first D2D user be 0, use positive constraints to calculate the transmit power values of the cellular user and the second D2D user, and denote the system spectrum efficiency value under this power combination as e1.
积极约束条件是指,功率分配模型中的约束条件至少有一个为积极约束,蜂窝用户和D2D用户的发射功率位于约束条件确定的定义域的边界点上。The active constraints mean that at least one of the constraints in the power allocation model is an active constraint, and the transmit power of the cellular user and the D2D user is located at the boundary point of the definition domain determined by the constraints.
计算蜂窝用户、第二个D2D用户的发射功率值的步骤如下:The steps for calculating the transmit power values of the cellular user and the second D2D user are as follows:
第一步,按照下式,利用蜂窝用户的最小速率约束条件,计算判断条件值p2′:In the first step, according to the following formula, use the minimum rate constraint condition of cellular users to calculate the judgment condition value p 2 ′:
第二步,按照下式,计算蜂窝用户的满足最小速率约束的最大功率值 In the second step, according to the following formula, calculate the maximum power value of the cellular user that satisfies the minimum rate constraint
第三步,将蜂窝用户发射功率取两个D2D用户发射功率取0记为功率组合3,将蜂窝用户发射功率取第一个D2D用户发射功率取0、第二个D2D用户发射功率取p2′记为功率组合4,将蜂窝用户发射功率取第一个D2D用户发射功率取0、第二个D2D用户发射功率取记为功率组合5,将蜂窝用户发射功率取第一个D2D用户发射功率取0、第二个D2D用户发射功率取记为功率组合6。The third step is to take the transmit power of the cellular user as The transmit power of two D2D users is taken as 0, which is recorded as power combination 3, and the transmit power of cellular users is taken as The transmit power of the first D2D user is 0, and the transmit power of the second D2D user is p 2 ′, which is recorded as power combination 4, and the transmit power of the cellular user is taken as The transmit power of the first D2D user is set to 0, and the transmit power of the second D2D user is set to It is recorded as power combination 5, and the transmit power of cellular users is taken as The transmit power of the first D2D user is set to 0, and the transmit power of the second D2D user is set to Record it as power combination 6.
第四步,若则蜂窝用户和两个D2D用户的发射功率采用功率组合3中的值;若计算功率组合3和功率组合4对应的系统频谱效率e3和e4,若e3>e4,则蜂窝用户和两个D2D用户的发射功率采用功率组合3中的值,否则,蜂窝用户和两个D2D用户的发射功率采用功率组合4中的值;若计算功率组合3、功率组合5和功率组合6对应的系统频谱效率e3、e5和e6,若e3≥e5且e3≥e6,蜂窝用户和两个D2D用户的发射功率采用功率组合3中的值,若e5>e3且e5>e6,蜂窝用户和两个D2D用户的发射功率采用功率组合5中的值,若e6>e3且e6>e5,蜂窝用户和两个D2D用户的发射功率采用功率组合6中的值。The fourth step, if Then the transmit power of the cellular user and the two D2D users adopts the value in power combination 3; if Calculate the system spectral efficiencies e3 and e4 corresponding to power combination 3 and power combination 4. If e3>e4, the transmit power of the cellular user and the two D2D users adopts the value in power combination 3; otherwise, the cellular user and the two D2D users The transmit power of adopts the value in power combination 4; if Calculate the system spectral efficiencies e3, e5, and e6 corresponding to power combination 3, power combination 5, and power combination 6. If e3≥e5 and e3≥e6, the transmit power of the cellular user and the two D2D users adopts the value in power combination 3, If e5>e3 and e5>e6, the transmit power of the cellular user and the two D2D users adopts the value in power combination 5; if e6>e3 and e6>e5, the transmit power of the cellular user and the two D2D users adopts the value in power combination 6 value in .
令第二个D2D用户的发射功率为0,利用积极约束条件,计算蜂窝用户、第一个D2D用户的发射功率值,将该功率组合下的系统频谱效率值记为e2。Let the transmit power of the second D2D user be 0, and use positive constraints to calculate the transmit power values of the cellular user and the first D2D user, and denote the system spectral efficiency value under this power combination as e2.
若e1大于e2,将步骤(4a)中得到的蜂窝用户、第一个D2D用户、第二个D2D用户的功率记为功率组合1,否则,将步骤(4b)中得到的蜂窝用户、第一个D2D用户、第二个D2D用户的功率记为功率组合1。If e1 is greater than e2, record the power of the cellular user, the first D2D user, and the second D2D user obtained in step (4a) as power combination 1; otherwise, record the power of the cellular user, the first D2D user obtained in step (4b) The power of one D2D user and the second D2D user is recorded as power combination 1.
步骤5,按照下式,计算两个D2D用户同时复用蜂窝用户的频谱资源时,蜂窝用户的信息速率最大值:Step 5, according to the following formula, calculate the maximum information rate of the cellular user when two D2D users simultaneously multiplex the spectrum resources of the cellular user:
其中,Rcu″表示两个D2D用户同时复用蜂窝用户cu到基站的频谱资源时,蜂窝用户cu的信息速率最大值,表示第一个D2D用户和第二个D2D用户的最小发射功率。Among them, R cu ″ represents the maximum information rate of the cellular user cu when two D2D users simultaneously multiplex the spectrum resources of the cellular user cu to the base station, Indicates the minimum transmit power of the first D2D user and the second D2D user.
步骤6,判断两个D2D用户同时复用蜂窝用户的频谱资源时蜂窝用户cu的信息速率最大值Rcu″是否不小于蜂窝用户cu自身的最小信息速率,若是,则执行步骤7,否则,执行步骤9。Step 6: Determine whether the maximum information rate R cu ″ of the cellular user cu is not less than the minimum information rate of the cellular user cu when two D2D users simultaneously multiplex the spectrum resources of the cellular user; if so, execute step 7; otherwise, execute Step 9.
步骤7,获得两个D2D用户的发射功率均不为0时,蜂窝用户和两个D2D用户的发射功率值。Step 7, when the transmission power of the two D2D users is not 0, the transmission power values of the cellular user and the two D2D users are obtained.
根据蜂窝用户的最小速率约束,计算蜂窝用户和两个D2D用户的发射功率更精确的取值范围,利用自适应粒子群算法,计算蜂窝用户、两个D2D用户的发射功率,将得到的蜂窝用户、第一个D2D用户、第二个D2D用户的功率记为功率组合2。According to the minimum rate constraints of cellular users, calculate the more accurate value range of the transmitting power of cellular users and two D2D users, use the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm to calculate the transmitting power of cellular users and two D2D users, and obtain the cellular users , the power of the first D2D user, and the second D2D user are recorded as power combination 2.
计算蜂窝用户和两个D2D用户的发射功率更精确的取值范围的具体步骤如下:The specific steps for calculating the more accurate value range of the transmit power of the cellular user and the two D2D users are as follows:
第一步,按照下式,计算第一个D2D用户的发射功率上限值 In the first step, calculate the upper limit value of the transmit power of the first D2D user according to the following formula
其中,min表示取最小值操作。Among them, min means to take the minimum value operation.
第二步,按照下式,计算第二个D2D用户的发射功率上限值 In the second step, calculate the upper limit value of the transmit power of the second D2D user according to the following formula
第三步,按照下式,计算蜂窝用户cu的发射功率下限值 The third step is to calculate the lower limit of the transmit power of the cellular user cu according to the following formula
第四步,根据蜂窝用户和D2D用户的单独功率约束条件,得到蜂窝用户、第一个D2D用户、第二个D2D用户的更精确的发射功率的取值范围分别为 In the fourth step, according to the individual power constraints of the cellular user and the D2D user, the more accurate value ranges of the transmission power of the cellular user, the first D2D user, and the second D2D user are respectively obtained as
步骤8,判断功率组合1的系统频谱效率是否大于功率组合2的系统频谱效率,若是,则执行步骤9,否则,执行步骤10。Step 8, judging whether the system spectral efficiency of power combination 1 is greater than the system spectral efficiency of power combination 2, if yes, perform step 9, otherwise, perform step 10.
步骤9,将蜂窝用户、第一个D2D用户和第二个D2D用户的发射功率,分别取功率组合1中的三个值后执行步骤12。In step 9, the transmit powers of the cellular user, the first D2D user and the second D2D user are respectively taken from three values in power combination 1, and then step 12 is executed.
步骤10,将蜂窝用户、第一个D2D用户和第二个D2D用户的发射功率,分别取功率组合2中的三个值后执行步骤12。In step 10, the transmit powers of the cellular user, the first D2D user and the second D2D user are respectively taken from three values in the power combination 2, and then step 12 is executed.
步骤11,将蜂窝用户cu的发射功率取其最大值,第一个D2D用户和第二个D2D用户的发射功率均取0,执行步骤12。Step 11, take the maximum value of the transmit power of the cellular user cu, take the transmit power of the first D2D user and the second D2D user as 0, and execute step 12.
步骤12,基站将得到的各用户对应的发射功率通知用户,用户使用基站通知的发射功率发射信号。In step 12, the base station notifies the user of the obtained transmit power corresponding to each user, and the user transmits a signal using the transmit power notified by the base station.
下面结合仿真实验对本发明的效果做进一步的详细描述。The effects of the present invention will be further described in detail in combination with simulation experiments.
1.仿真条件:1. Simulation conditions:
本发明的仿真实验是在MATLAB 7.11软件下进行的。在本发明的仿真实验中,蜂窝网络中心有一个基站,覆盖范围为半径500m的圆。蜂窝用户和D2D用户在蜂窝中均随机分布,到基站的距离不小于20m,两个D2D用户间的最大距离为50m。蜂窝用户cu的发射功率上限为24dBm,两个D2D用户的发射功率上限为24dBm。系统中链路的信道增益模型为gi,j=di,j -n,其中i为发射用户,j为接收用户,d为用户i和用户j之间的距离,n为路径损耗指数,取值为4。系统带宽为1Hz,蜂窝用户的最小速率要求为3bit/s/Hz,基站和D2D用户接收的噪声功率均为10-13W,D2D用户的最小发射功率为0.001W。仿真剩余自干扰系数范围为(-110)~(-60)dB,仿真次数为1000次。The simulation experiment of the present invention is carried out under MATLAB 7.11 software. In the simulation experiment of the present invention, there is a base station in the center of the cellular network, and the coverage area is a circle with a radius of 500m. Cellular users and D2D users are randomly distributed in the cell, the distance to the base station is not less than 20m, and the maximum distance between two D2D users is 50m. The upper limit of the transmit power of the cellular user cu is 24dBm, and the upper limit of the transmit power of the two D2D users is 24dBm. The channel gain model of the link in the system is g i,j =d i,j -n , where i is the transmitting user, j is the receiving user, d is the distance between user i and user j, n is the path loss index, The value is 4. The system bandwidth is 1Hz, the minimum rate requirement of cellular users is 3bit/s/Hz, the noise power received by the base station and D2D users is 10 -13 W, and the minimum transmit power of D2D users is 0.001W. The simulation residual self-interference coefficient ranges from (-110) to (-60) dB, and the number of simulations is 1000 times.
2.仿真内容及结果分析:2. Simulation content and result analysis:
本发明的仿真实验是使用本发明和两个现有技术来使通信网络系统的频谱效率最大进行用户功率分配(现有技术1是最大化蜂窝用户和半双工D2D用户的总频谱效率的功率分配方法,现有技术2是最大化两个全双工D2D用户的频谱效率的功率分配方法)。对蜂窝通信系统平均频谱效率相对于D2D用户剩余环路干扰系数进行仿真。The simulation experiment of the present invention is to use the present invention and two existing technologies to maximize the spectral efficiency of the communication network system for user power allocation (the prior art 1 is to maximize the power of the total spectral efficiency of cellular users and half-duplex D2D users Allocation method, prior art 2 is a power allocation method that maximizes the spectrum efficiency of two full-duplex D2D users). The average spectral efficiency of the cellular communication system is simulated with respect to the D2D user residual loop interference coefficient.
本发明的仿真实验结果如图3所示。图3中的横轴表示D2D用户剩余环路干扰系数,纵轴表示系统频谱效率。图3中以朝右的三角形标示的实线表示由现有技术1获得的系统频谱效率的曲线,以方块标示的实线表示由现有技术2获得的系统频谱效率的曲线,以圆圈标示的实线表示由本发明获得的系统频谱效率的曲线。The simulation experiment results of the present invention are shown in FIG. 3 . The horizontal axis in FIG. 3 represents the D2D user residual loop interference coefficient, and the vertical axis represents the system spectrum efficiency. In Fig. 3, the solid line marked with a right-facing triangle represents the curve of the system spectral efficiency obtained by prior art 1, the solid line marked with squares represents the curve of the system spectral efficiency obtained by prior art 2, and the curve marked with a circle The solid line represents the curve of the spectral efficiency of the system obtained by the present invention.
从图3中可以看出,随着剩余环路干扰系数的降低,本发明的频谱效率相比现有技术1的频谱效率提高的程度升高,本发明的频谱效率比现有技术1的频谱效率最多高8bit/s/Hz。在剩余环路干扰系数取值范围内,本发明的频谱效率均高于现有技术2的频谱效率,本发明的频谱效率比现有技术2的频谱效率最多高1.8bit/s/Hz。仿真结果说明本发明采用的全双工D2D通信系统的频谱利用率更高,能够缓解频谱紧张的要求。As can be seen from Fig. 3, with the reduction of the remaining loop interference coefficient, the spectral efficiency of the present invention is improved compared with the spectral efficiency of the prior art 1, and the spectral efficiency of the present invention is higher than that of the prior art 1. The efficiency is up to 8bit/s/Hz higher. Within the value range of the remaining loop interference coefficient, the spectral efficiency of the present invention is higher than that of the prior art 2, and the spectral efficiency of the present invention is at most 1.8 bit/s/Hz higher than that of the prior art 2. The simulation results show that the full-duplex D2D communication system adopted by the present invention has a higher spectrum utilization rate and can alleviate the requirement of spectrum shortage.
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