CN110717360A

CN110717360A - Fingerprint 6-bit character marking method

Info

Publication number: CN110717360A
Application number: CN201810764887.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吕士选
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-07-12
Filing date: 2018-07-12
Publication date: 2020-01-21

Abstract

A6-bit character marking method for fingerprints relates to the technical field of fingerprint identification, and comprises three main steps: characters mark key points, mapping analysis key points, marking and analyzing. After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the fingerprint identification method has higher accuracy and practicability, is suitable for multiple application fields of the existing fingerprint identification technology, is simple and convenient to operate, is convenient for statistics and data processing, can deeply analyze data, is favorable for improvement of the fingerprint technology, and has higher use value.

Description

Fingerprint 6-bit character marking method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fingerprint identification, in particular to a fingerprint 6-bit character marking method.

Background

The fingerprint has 5 characteristics of uniqueness, heredity, variability, structural regularity, detail variability and relevance to other genetic traits.

According to the uniqueness principle of the fingerprint, the fingerprint can be used in the fields of public security, insurance, finance and the like to identify the identity of an individual; however, this method cannot be used to analyze certain regularity phenomena in a particular population.

According to the principle of fingerprint heredity and variability, the fingerprint can be used for researching the health condition, psychological characteristics, character characteristics, social behaviors and other phenomena of specific people. However, the results are often comparable and the reproducibility is poor. Therefore, since the last 90 years, the gradual cooling of the research is almost in a stagnant state, and the number of reports is very small.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a fingerprint 6-bit character marking method aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, which has higher accuracy and practicability, is suitable for multiple application fields of the existing fingerprint identification technology, is simple and convenient to operate, is convenient for statistics and data processing, can deeply analyze data, is beneficial to the improvement of the fingerprint technology and has higher use value.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the analysis method comprises the following steps:

the first step, the character marking method is a method of classifying and summarizing fingerprints by selecting letters or symbols similar to the shape of the core print. During marking, the central part is firstly looked at to find out the core grain and analyze the structural characteristics of the core grain, so that the attributes of the fingerprint types are determined, and the conditions of the front and back, the height and the width of the core grain are kept; looking at the triangular area, the number and the shape of the triangles are known; finally, paying attention to the distribution and the structure of the peripheral lines and the base lines along the trend of the lines until all the lines on the finger are checked, and recording special and valuable contents in the remark column. Although the types of fingerprints are various, the content and the item of the mark are different, but the fingerprints have common characteristics. In order to understand this method intuitively, the common label content and associated character list are shown in the figure.

And secondly, the key point of mapping analysis, which is a supplement to the character marking method, is that the analysis and measurement of the texture map must be carried out in advance to obtain accurate data of 'size, height and width'. Before drawing, some reference points and lines are selected, such as: the center points of the ring and the spiral hopper-shaped grains; the middle point of a connecting line of double skip top points of the bucket line, the middle point of a connecting line of the top points of the core line and the core skip in the skip line, and the middle point of a connecting line of the double core line start points in the line twist; the midpoint of the hollow triangle, the intersection of the solid triangles, the flexor line of the distal phalangeal joint, etc. By means of the points and lines, right triangles with different sizes can be drawn to complete the analysis of the fingerprint. Due to the difference of different types of fingerprint structures, the choices of "reference points and lines" are different, but the following points can be taken as references:

⑴ if the fold line is irregular, a longest fold line and a thickest fold line are identified as the fold line, b, if the fold line is scattered, a line segment with most obvious folds is found, an extension line of the line is made through the line segment, the extension line is the fold line, c, if the fold line is scattered, starting points on two sides of the fold line are found, a reference point is ⑵, a point of inflection is protruded on a connecting line of the top points of the arch veins, b, a top point is an end point of the head of the core reversal line, c, a starting point of the center point of the core ring line or the center point of the core ring line, a point of the center point of the solid ring line, a point of the center point of the triangle ring line, d, a point of the center point of the triangle ring line, and a point of the center point of the triangle cross-line.

And thirdly, marking and analyzing, namely, after knowing the content, turning to character marking and mapping analysis of bow-shaped grains, skip-shaped grains, bucket-shaped grains and abnormal structure grains. In operation, the main features of a fingerprint are marked with relevant characters, and then drawing analysis is performed. The two methods are simultaneously used for expressing specific fingerprints, and are beneficial to communication and understanding between the two.

In the first step, the contents in the table are the general features of the fingerprints, and different types of fingerprints have differences in the specific labels. The ten finger prints are arranged in the order of first left, then right, then big, then small. So

appointments

1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (thumb, index, middle, ring and little finger on the left), 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 (thumb, index, middle, ring and little finger on the right); notes are marked, such as T (forked triangle),. cndot pattern, etc.; the ten finger prints are arranged in sequence from left to right without being marked separately.

The relevant contents in the table are explained as follows:

⑴ meaning of characters in "fingerprint type" and "positive and negative (ulnar, radial) attribute".

"C, O, A, OC, AC, etc." is the first term, indicating the specific type of fingerprint:

c represents a skip type, wherein a positive skip is represented by C, and a reverse skip is represented by d;

o represents a bucket-type grain, wherein "round buckets" are denoted by O, "rotary buckets" are denoted by e or9, and "winch buckets" are denoted by S or Z (wherein subclasses, such as wire-strand, skip-strand, and skip-strand, are denoted by ll, Ic, and cc, respectively, or specific character characters);

a represents arch lines, wherein the arch lines are represented by A, and the tent lines are represented by AA;

AC represents the dustpan isomorphism, and the contents of the other isomorphism such as AO and CO are described in the relevant sections below.

When r appears on the right side of all the related letters, the reverse phase is shown, and the number of r can reach 3 at most; are not being labeled separately.

⑵ character mark of kernel pattern, size, height, central area width, etc.

The content of the part is very rich and complex, the marking content and the method of different types of fingerprints are different, and the contents are left in each specific fingerprint category for proper discussion.

After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the fingerprint identification method has higher accuracy and practicability, is suitable for multiple application fields of the existing fingerprint identification technology, is simple and convenient to operate, is convenient for statistics and data processing, can deeply analyze data, is favorable for improvement of the fingerprint technology, and has higher use value.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments are briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first step in the present invention;

FIGS. 2-56 are diagrams of analysis of various types of fingerprints;

fig. 57 and 58 are drawings in the background art.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1 to 56, the technical solution adopted by the present embodiment is: the analysis method comprises the following steps:

appointments

The relevant contents in the table are explained as follows:

⑵ character mark of kernel pattern, size, height, central area width, etc.

After understanding the above contents, the character marking and mapping analysis of the bow-shaped lines, skip-shaped lines, bucket-shaped lines and abnormal structure lines is carried out. In operation, the main features of a fingerprint are marked with relevant characters, and then drawing analysis is performed. The two methods are simultaneously used for expressing specific fingerprints, and are beneficial to communication and understanding between the two.

Example 1

⑴ arc-shaped lines

The arch-shaped grains are fingerprints mainly comprising A-shaped grains with high middle parts and low two sides, and the structure is relatively simple. The more common subclasses are arch striae and the less common ones are mosquito net striae. The following are separately discussed:

① arc pattern

a. Character mark

First item

In the type of fingerprint, the arc-bow can be labeled as A, and the reverse time scale is Ar.

Second item

The height of the inflection point refers to the distance from the inflection point to the flexor line, and the distance is greater than or equal to 12mm, and is marked as h; the mark is l when the diameter is less than or equal to 8 mm;

in between, they are denoted by m.

Item III

The direction of the vertex connecting line, the vertex connecting line from top to bottom is in the shape of a letter, which means that the vertex connecting line is kept inclined to the left from top to bottom and can be used as a letter ll list

Shown in the specification; is \ shaped, meaning to remain tilted to the right from top to bottom, and may be represented by the letter rr; < shaped, meaning that the connecting line extends first to the left and downwards

The inflection point extends towards the back and the lower right and can be represented by the letter lr; a > shape, indicating a change from right first to left, which may be indicated by the letter rl; a shape of a L-shape,

the upper part of the inflection point of the connecting line is in a straight line shape, and the lower part of the inflection point inclines rightwards and can be represented by a letter mr; l shape, representing an inflection point

The upper and lower line segments are straight and then inclined to the left and can be represented by the letter ml. If the connecting line is linear, it is marked mm.

Item four

The trend of the top point connecting line from bottom to top refers to connecting the top points one by one from the top point of the lowest bow-shaped grain line until the top point is connected with the top point

The distribution direction of the line segment obtained when the inflection point or the midpoint of the whole vertex connecting line is reached. The distribution direction has three possibilities: to the direction of

Left, right or vertically up. This is important: the left-right direction of the connecting line from bottom to top and the left-right hand property of the bow-shaped grain

Are substantially identical. Spaces are reserved between the marked letters of different contents to indicate distinction.

In view of the above analysis, the labeled contents of the arc bow are given in the following table:

content and partial characters of arc-and-bow marks

b. Mapping analysis

Except for the flexor wire, the arcus has no reference point that can be directly utilized. In the segment of the arch grain, the connecting line of the top point of each arch grain line is selected as a reference for analyzing the arch grain. The top line is divided into 3 subgroups of left-leaning, middle-leaning and right-leaning according to the trend from top to bottom. On the whole connecting line, whether an inflection point exists needs to be noticed. The inflection point refers to a turning point protruding from the top line of the bow-shaped grain, and the trend of the top-down line changes at the inflection point. In most cases, it is located in the middle or lower part of the vertex line. If there is no inflection point, there are only two cases: the vertex connecting line is vertical or inclined. If an inflection point occurs, it is plotted as follows: i. mark the inflection point as red O; a straight line parallel to the flexor line drawn through the midpoint of the flexor line as a baseline and marked in black; crossing the perpendicular line crossing the O point as a base line to B, and simultaneously reversely extending the perpendicular line OB to the top end of the fingerprint mark and marking the fingerprint mark as red; marking the highest point and the lowest point on the vertex connecting line as red R1 and R2 respectively, and drawing a vertical extension perpendicular to BO through the 2 points respectively

The long line and the straight line of BO are intersected with the elongation line of BO and BO at two points a and b, and line segments R1a and R2b are marked as black; v. connect R1, O and R2, and mark segments R1O and O R2 in blue. Measuring the included angle of R1O, O R2 and the vertical line; the OB height is measured.

The method of mapping and analyzing the bow pattern is described below with reference to the figure: the two fingerprints in fig. 2 are the fingerprints of the middle finger and the ring finger of the left hand of the same case, a and c are the actual labeling conditions of the top connecting line, the base line and the inflection point in the original fingerprint, and b and d are the geometric figures (the same below).

The a fingerprint can be marked as A mr h L (3) (meaning that the fingerprint is a left middle finger arc-shaped arch, the height of the inflection point is high, the connecting line of the middle points is vertical to the upper section and is inclined to the right at the lower section), the included angles of R1O and O R2 and the vertical line are respectively 2.9 degrees and 19.4 degrees, and the OB height is 14.2 mm.

The fingerprint c can be marked as Alr h L (4) (which represents a left ring finger arc arch pattern with high inflection point, the top-down inclination direction of the midpoint connecting line is from left to right, the inflection point is provided with a fork-shaped skip mark), the included angles of R1O and O R2 and the vertical line are respectively 18.2 degrees and 30.2 degrees, OB

The height is 14.3 mm.

Discussion: in fig. 2, b and d belong to the same type of fingerprints, and the difference is shown in the size of an included angle between a vertex connecting line R1O above an inflection point and a BO extension line, wherein the former is 2.9 degrees, and the latter is 18.2 degrees. It should be noted that the vertex line is straight and right perpendicular to the baseline, and this small probability event hardly occurs in reality. For this reason, a vertex line having an angle of less than 5 degrees with respect to the base line vertical line is regarded as a "straight line perpendicular to the base line". Therefore, in the notation of the column "vertex join line shift", the segment R1O in FIG. b is labeled as the middle position (m), the segment O R2 is labeled as the right tilt (R), and the segment d is lr (left first and right second).

In addition, in the section of the bow veins of the sixth chapter, there is a method of dividing the bow veins into right inclination, left inclination and middle inclination according to the difference of the last inclination of the top-down connection line of the vertex of the bow veins. "last tendency" refers to the direction of the top-down inclination of the line connecting the vertices below the inflection point, why do not refer to the above segment as the reference standard?

The fundamental reason is the action of the adverse phase factor, so that the skip crack occurs in the skip-shaped lines in the development process, and finally the arc-shaped bow line is formed. Importantly, the cracked skip is located near the inflection point. The trend of the connecting line above the inflection point is large in change, most parts below the inflection point are root areas, the influence of a reverse factor is small, and the structure of the streak line is relatively regular and does not change greatly. For this reason, "last tendency" is used as a criterion for right inclination, left inclination, and neutral position.

The "last tendency" problem is still explained by taking two fingerprints, L3 and L4, as an example, as shown in fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view for the purpose of clearly seeing the cracking of the skip. Note the red labeled part in the middle of the drawings b and d, which indicates that the skip has cracked. If the dustpan is not cracked, the two innermost parallel lines are forward skip-shaped lines (because the two skip-shaped lines are left-handed fingerprints), the lines on the right side below the inflection point go around upwards, and the corresponding lines above the inflection point form a reverse-folded line, namely the skip-shaped line. It can be seen that the top-down direction of the top line of the arc-shaped grains below the inflection point is opposite to the opening direction of the dustpan, and in other words, the bottom-up direction of the top line is the same as the opening direction of the dustpan. This can be seen in the common left-hand forward dustpan. Therefore, the inclination direction of the top-down connecting line of the vertexes below the inflection point is easy to identify and is regular; the trend of the top line above the inflection point is greatly changed and is not easy to master.

The vertex lines below the inflection point give very important cues: the inclination direction of the connecting line of the top points of the arc-shaped arches from bottom to top represents the hand position attribute of the fingerprint: fingerprints with left-leaning connecting lines are from the left hand, and fingerprints with right-leaning connecting lines are from the right hand.

Example 2: in fig. 4, a right-hand index finger fingerprint and a left-hand ring finger fingerprint are given.

The a lines can be marked as Arl h R, the included angles of R1O, O R2 with the vertical line are respectively 8.5 and 48.5 degrees, and the OB height is 14.7 mm.

The c-line can be marked as Amr h L, the included angles of R1O, O R2 and the vertical line are 0.1 and 25.2 degrees respectively, and the OB height is 10.1 mm.

It is obvious that the top line of the a-line appears at the earliest from bottom to top in the right direction, which presumably belongs to the right-hand fingerprint, and the result is also the right-hand fingerprint. The included angle between the line of the vertexes of the c-shaped veins and the base line is 86.9 degrees, and the error between the line of the vertexes of the c-shaped veins and the base line is 3.1 degrees, so that the c-shaped veins can be considered as a median line. Under magnification, an inflection point was seen at 10.1mm from the baseline, with the lowest vertex labeled R as being located on the radial side. Since the direction of inclination from R to O (bottom to top) is left, it is assumed that the fingerprint belongs to a left-handed fingerprint, and the result is a left-handed fingerprint. The reason why the inflection point of the fingerprint is not easy to be found is that the position is low, the included angle between OR and the baseline vertical line (OB) is small, and accurate judgment is difficult by naked eyes.

② mosquito net

a. Character mark

The first item, the account bow line code is AA; the second term, the open triangle is marked as T, and the solid is T; third, the tent vertical height refers to the distance from the apex of the innermost tent arch to the midpoint of the triangle: the height is more than or equal to 6mm, and the mark is h; lower at 3mm or less, denoted as l; between 6mm and 3mm, denoted m; the fourth item, the position of the top of the innermost account bow, is divided into left shift, right shift and middle shift by taking the perpendicular line of the midpoint of the bottom of the triangle as a boundary, and l, m and r are respectively used for replacing. When there are lines such as crosses and dots near the triangle, characters such as y and p can be marked in the second column.

In view of the above analysis, the labeled contents of the mosquito print are given in the following table:

content of account fingerprint mark and partial character

b. Mapping analysis

The mosquito net bow lines are composed of A-shaped lines with small included angles and variable heights. Its features are that its two side lines are basically symmetrical, and its structure contains no back-fold line, but has a distortion triangle at its lower part. The triangle consists of 3 angular lines or a straight line with a corner. Vividly, a horizontal beam is added under the splayed bottom to form a hollow triangle; or a vertical column is added on the top of the splayed letter, and the near ends of the splayed letter are intersected to form a three-fork shape which is a solid triangle. The midpoint and base line of the triangle are used to analyze the mosquito net bow, the method and the diagram are as follows:

i. marking the middle point of the triangle as O and red;

making a straight line parallel to the curved muscle line at the midpoint of the curved muscle line as a baseline, and marking the line black;

crossing the perpendicular line passing through the point O as a base line to the point B, and then reversely extending the perpendicular line OB to the position above the innermost bow-shaped grain line and marking the perpendicular line as red;

finding the apex of the innermost tent arch, represented by the red dot and labeled red T.

Marked in black.

Connect OT with blue line.

Measure the distance between OT and the angle between OT and BO.

The following is a description of the displacement of the center point of the triangle, the hollow or solid triangle, the tent, etc., as shown in fig. 5. In fig. 5, a is a fingerprint of a right middle finger, b is a marked fingerprint, c is an enlargement of a middle point and a vertex of a triangle, and d is an enlargement of a part of a diagram b. (same below) in the fingerprint of FIG. 7, OT is 7.1mm high, which indicates the high position of the account bow; the point T is on the extension line of BO, which shows that OT and BO are superposed (the OT and BO are superposed and blue is not marked), the arch-shaped stria line is symmetrical and the towering is vertical; the height of BT is 14.3 mm. The tent bow OT directly shows the height of the tent and is easy to observe. In addition to OT, the BT height has a triangle midpoint to baseline length OB. v. if point T is not on the extension of BO, the perpendicular line crossing point T as extension OB intersects a, noting Ta: OT may be greater than OB or less than OB. Therefore, BT cannot be made long, and OT must be high.

Can be marked as AAt h M and is represented as a high net arch with a hollow triangle inside and a neutral arch top.

Example 2: in the fingerprint of fig. 6, OT is 4.6mm high, T point is shifted to the right by 0.6mm, OT is shifted to the right (included angle with BO extension line) by 6.2 degrees, and BT is high (Ba) by 14.9 mm. Can be marked as AA tmR and is expressed as a mosquito net with a triangular hollow, a medium height and a right-inclined arch top.

Example 3: the fingerprint can be labeled AAt L, expressed as a low net bow with a triangle outline, with the top of the bow shifted left, requiring attention (the division of the lines at the core). OT is 3.2mm high, T point is shifted to the left by 0.5mm, OT is shifted to the left by 7.3 degrees, and BT is 14.8mm high.

In the three cases, the height OT of the top and the middle points is obviously different, and the variation range is from 7.1mm, 4.6mm to 3.2 mm; the height (BT) of the top line and the base line has little change and is respectively 14.3mm, 14.9mm and 14.8 mm; the magnitude of the apex horizontal displacement is small. These phenomena are to be explained.

Example 4: fortunately, an enlarged mosquito net bow of a typical forked triangle is found on the net (see FIG. 8). It branches into three branches with a common intersection. Such a large forked triangle is very rare, measuring 4.9mm in height above it. Can be labeled as AA T M M.

⑵ dustpan shape veins (front and back dustpan)

a. Character mark

The first item: fingerprint type and Positive and negative Properties

The positive skip is denoted by C and the reverse skip by d. When the dustpan opening refers to the fork-shaped triangle in the mosquito net bow figure 8

The radial (or reverse) direction is marked as Cr or dr; the opening is positive (also called as "cis") when pointing to the side of the ruler (little finger), and can be directly labeled as C or d.

The second term is: the form and structure marking method comprises the following steps:

1. the core grain is a simple reverse fold line, and the skip tail is opened or closed and is marked as c;

2. the core grain is two parallel fold-back lines marked c x 2.

3. Composite type, when there is an independent line in the core line, the shape and number of the line are expressed by symbols or numbers and written on the left of c

Side, e.g., 2c, lc, etc.; if there are independent lines on the outside of the core line, the characters are marked on the right side of c, such as c2, ck, etc.

4. In the composite mode, cross-shaped lines exist in the core line, the intersecting time scale of the cross-shaped lines and the core line is y.c, and the non-intersecting time scale is yc;

5. distortion type, the core line is kept skip-like, but the line has obvious distortion, bifurcation and the like, and the mark is identified as unclear

And the like.

The third item: height of the core line:

the height of the core line refers to the distance from the apex of the core line to a line passing through the midpoint of the triangle and parallel to the flexor line. A distance of not less than

Height 6mm, marked h; distance less than or equal to 3mm is low and marked as l; between 3mm and 6mm is a middle, marked m.

The fourth item: width of central area

Theoretically, because the position points on the two sides of the widest part of the central edge line are selected, the distance between the two position points is the center

The width of the zone. When the width is more than or equal to 8mm, the metal wire is a wide dustpan and is represented by W; when the width is less than or equal to 3mm, the dustpan is narrow and is represented by N; width of

Between 3 and 8mm is medium, denoted by M. Actually adopts a straight line perpendicular to the flexor line from the middle point of the triangle to the meridian skip

The distance therebetween is defined as the standard.

In view of the above analysis, the labeled contents of the skip lines are assigned to the following table:

content of skip-shaped fingerprint mark

b. Mapping analysis

The skip-shaped grain is characterized in that the core grain is a reverse fold line or a composite grain line mainly comprising the reverse fold line, and the number of the core grain is 3 or more than 3; in addition, a general triangle is generally present at the large bend or top end of the return fold line. The difference of the positions of the common triangles causes the difference of the skip-shaped grain positive position and the skip-shaped grain negative position, wherein the skip-shaped grain positive position is a positive skip, and the skip-shaped grain negative position is a reverse skip.

In the skip-shaped fingerprint, the vertex of the core line, the midpoint of the triangle, and the flexor line can be directly selected as the reference point and line. Through the two points and one line, the positions of the skip head can be judged according to a, the height of the skip head, the width between the center edge lines, the skip mouth direction, the tilting condition of the skip body and the forward and backward of the skip head. See fig. 9.

FIG. 9 is a view of the core grain vertex; b is the intersection point of the vertical line passing through the top point and the base line;

t is the middle point of the triangle; a is an intersection point which passes through T and is vertical to and intersected with the CB;

ww 'is the connecting line (pink line) of the widest positions w and w' at the two sides of the central edge line, and the analysis method of the reverse skip in figure 9

Represents the width of the "dustpan body";

m is the middle point of the highest position of the reverse fold line in the reverse dustpan, and the middle point of the first bend vertex in the positive dustpan;

m' is the middle point of Cm on the central symmetry line of the fold line. If there is a straight line in the middle of the kernel, this is the m-line. Because it is connected with

The skip-shaped lines are parallel, and the included angle between the skip body and the perpendicular line of the skip head can be directly obtained by using the skip-shaped lines.

Cm' is the longitudinal central line of the core thread head and the body part and is used for measuring the included angle between the skip body and the skip head perpendicular line.

The following are some relevant data:

ca (height from skip to triangle middle point) 3mm

CB (height from skip to base line) 15.7mm

ww’＝9.7mm

Ta (distance from the middle point of the triangle to the perpendicular line of the skip) 3.9mm

TC/ww’＝9.7mm

∠ m' Ca (included angle between the skip and the vertical line of the top) 150.9 °

∠ CTa (angle between CT and Ta) 39.5 ° fig. 9-1 is a partial enlargement

∠TCa＝50.5°

FIG. 9 shows a reverse skip with a central-line skip shape, and the height (Ca) and width (WW') are both medium.

The right hand fingerprint may be marked as: dclM; the left hand is labeled dr c lM.

In the case of example 2, the following examples were conducted,

relevant data for FIGS. 8-9:

ca (the height from the skip to the middle point of the triangle) is 5.2 mm;

CB (height from head to base line) 11.7 mm;

TC/ww’＝0.5060

ww’＝16.8mm

ta (distance from the middle point of the triangle to the perpendicular line of the skip) 6.9mm

∠ m' Ca (the included angle of the dustpan body and the vertical line of the vertex) is 135.0 degrees;

∠ CTa (angle between CT and Ta) 37.4 °;

∠TCa＝52.6°

FIG. 10 analysis method of reverse skip

FIG. 10 shows a wide reverse loop in the left index finger with a forked line in the core line, and a high level core loop (left index finger from a certain esophageal cancer), labeled dry.c mM; the right hand is marked dy.c mM. Fig. 10-1 is a partially enlarged view.

Data relating to example 3 (fig. 11):

ca (height from skip to triangle middle point) 3.3mm

CB (height from skip to base line) 12.5mm

∠ m' Ca (included angle between the skip and the vertical line of the top) is 30.6 °

∠ CTa (included angle between CT and Ta) 42.0 °

∠TCa＝48.0°

ww’＝4.5mm

Ta (distance from the middle point of the triangle to the perpendicular line of the skip) 3.0mm

TC/ww’＝0.9778

FIG. 11 analysis method of front dustpan

FIG. 11 may be labeled C1C mN. This is a left-handed impression, as evidenced by the downward and upward slope of the apex of the bow in the triangle from right to left. The core grain is provided with a grain line, and the height and the width of the grain line are medium forward narrow skips. The right hand is labeled Cr1 cmN.

Data relating to example 4 (fig. 12): ca (height from dustpan to triangle middle point)

＝10.0mm

CB (height from skip to base line) 16.8mm

∠ m' Ca (included angle between the skip and the vertical line of the top) is 16.5 degree

∠ CTa (included angle between CT and Ta) 42.2 °

∠TCa＝47.8°

ww’＝18.1mm

Ta (distance from the middle point of the triangle to the perpendicular line of the skip) is 11.2mm

TC/ww’＝0.8232

FIG. 12 analysis method of front dustpan

Since the specific finger positions in fig. 8-11 are not clear and the triangular ridge is incomplete, the positive and negative attributes cannot be determined. If it is in the positive phase it can be labeled C1C hW and in the negative phase it can be labeled Cr1C hW.

Although only 2 reverse skips and 2 forward skips are listed above, the images and data suggest that the reverse skips are "head low body high" so the angle (∠ m' Ca) between the perpendicular of the skip body and the vertex is greater than 90 DEG, while the forward skips are "head high body low" and the angle between the perpendicular of the skip body and the vertex is less than 90 DEG.

For convenience of operation and specification, the skip width is based on Ta (distance from the middle point of the triangle to the perpendicular line of the skip) in the actual mark, and WW' is not measured; the height is based on Ca (the height from the skip to the middle point of the triangle).

⑶ funnel-shaped veins

① character mark with ring-shaped grain

a. Character mark

The first item: type and positive and negative attributes of fingerprint

Wherein, no matter the 'ring bucket', 'rotating bucket' or 'twisting bucket', the normal phase is represented by O; the reverse phase is embodied by a radial horizontal shift of the kerbing and a reverse distribution of the kerbing lines from the inside to the outside, denoted by Or. The detailed characteristics of the bucket-shaped veins are different from those of the 'ring bucket', 'rotating bucket' and 'twisting bucket', and the ring bucket veins are introduced firstly. (2. first item, below)

The second term is: shape of core line

1. The annular core grain has 3 kinds of round, oval (flat long) and irregular shapes, which are marked as O, O and

2. the core lines have a point therein, which is labeled ⊙, and when the short line lines exist, the number of the line lines is expressed by specific numbers;

3. when the core grain appears in a combined form of 'ring and spin', the mark is eo or 9o, e0 or 09, etc.

The third item: size of core line

The diameter of the core ring grain is less than or equal to 1.5mm and is marked as s; greater than or equal to 3mm, marked b; the two are in between and marked as m.

The fourth item: height of core line

The height of the core line, which refers to the distance between the midpoint of the core line and a line through the midpoint of the triangle and parallel to the flexor line. The distance is greater than or equal to 6mm, and is marked as h; distance less than or equal to 3mm is low and marked as l; the values between the two values are middle and marked as m.

The fifth item: width of central area

Measuring the distance between the middle points of the two triangles, wherein the width is equal to or more than 16mm, and the mark is W; less than or equal to 8mm is narrow and marked as N; between 8mm and 16mm is a middle, labeled M.

In view of the above analysis, the content of the indicia of the fighting fingerprints is given in the following table

Content of marker of fighting fingerprint

②. detail features and marks of spiral lines

a. Character mark

The second term is: shape of core line

The core lines of the rotating buckets are different from those of the clockwise rotation and the anticlockwise rotation, and are marked as 9 and e;

the core grain has single strand and multi strand distinction, mark

9, 99, 999 and e, ee, eee, etc.;

when the core grain appears as a combination of spiral and ring,

the values labeled 9O, eo,9O, eO,

and

etc.;

the third item: size of core pattern (see FIGS. 8-12)

Rotate clockwise one turn with the innermost origin (C)

The end point (T) at the angle of 360 degrees is the starting point, connecting

And C is connected and TC is prolonged, and the curve is intersected at a.

The distance between aTs is the diameter of the core grain. The schematic diagram of the calibration method of the figure 8-12 spiral grain size with the distance less than or equal to 1.5mm is small and is marked as s; greater than or equal to 3mm, marked b; between which is medium, denoted m.

The fourth item: the vertical height of the core line, which refers to the origin of the core line, is the distance between the midpoint of the triangle and a line parallel to the flexor line

And (5) separating. The distance is greater than or equal to 6mm, denoted as h; lower at 3mm or less, denoted as l; the middle between the two is marked as m.

The fifth item: measuring the width of the central area, measuring the distance between the middle points of the two triangles, wherein the width is equal to or more than 16mm and is marked as W; is narrower than or equal to 8mm,

labeled N; between 8mm and 16mm is a middle, labeled M.

In view of the above analysis, the content of the markings of the fighting fingerprints is given in the following table

Mark content of rotating bucket fingerprint

③ minutiae characteristics of bucket-type fingerprints

a. Character mark

The second term is: the core grain of the bucket is different in wire, skip and skip twisting, and the second item is marked as 99, ee, Z and S;

the third item: the size of the bucket core grain is the distance between two intersection points (BB') which pass through the top point (or the starting point) of the core grain, are vertical and intersect with the base line, (when the top points or the starting points of the two core grains are in the upper position and the lower position, the distance between the two top points or the starting points) is less than or equal to 1.5mm, and is marked as s; greater than or equal to 3mm, marked b; in between, is denoted as m;

the fourth item: the vertical height of the core lines, the starting point of the finger-shaped spiral lines or the vertex of the dustpan-shaped spiral lines, and the distance from the vertical height of the core lines to a straight line which passes through the middle point of the lower triangle and is parallel to the flexor line. The distance is greater than or equal to 6mm, and is marked as h; lower at 3mm or less, denoted as l; distance between two adjacent plates

Between 3mm and 5mm is a middle, marked m.

The fifth item: the width of the central area is the distance between the middle points of the two triangles, the width is equal to or more than 16mm, and the central area is marked as W; narrow at less than or equal to 8mm, marked

Is N; between 8mm and 16mm is a middle, labeled M.

In view of the above analysis, the content of the markings of the bucket fingerprint is given in the following table

Content of marker of bucket fingerprint

b. Mapping analysis

The bucket-shaped lines have three subtypes of 'ring, spiral and twisted'. The first two structures are similar, and only one core point (the starting point of a ring or a rotation) and two ordinary triangles are provided, so that the fingerprints can be mapped and analyzed according to the three points (the starting point and the middle points of the two triangles) and a baseline. The structure of the 'bucket line' is complex, and one more point (the starting point of the ring or the rotation and the vertex of the skip) is arranged compared with the 'ring or the rotation', so that the analysis needs to be comprehensively considered for 'four points and one line'.

The analysis results allow a determination to be made of ① kernel size, ② kernel location height, ③ center area width, "chi and radial" shift of ④ kernels and ⑤ kernel separation (occurring only in bucket classes).

In the case of example 1, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 14 is a typical ring bucket imprint fingerprint characterized by small kernel, high kernel, wide center area and right kernel shift.

In the figure, O is the midpoint of the kernel; t1 and T2 are the midpoints of two ordinary triangles; b is an intersection point which passes through the midpoint of the kernel grain, is perpendicular to the base line and is intersected with the base line; a is an intersection point of the middle point of the overhigh triangle, which is perpendicular to and intersects OB; b is an intersection point which is perpendicular to and intersects OB at the midpoint of the low triangle; cd is the line segment through the center of the kernel and parallel to the baseline, intersecting the center edge line at c and d, respectively. The analysis can obtain the common data of the ring-shaped grain:

I. the size of the core grain can be obtained by measuring the diameter of the core grain, but because the shape of the core grain is not an ideal circle, the maximum value is adopted in actual measurement. The core grain of fig. 14 is a 70.2 degree oblique ellipse, 1.0mm long and 0.7mm wide.

The height of the core grain depends on the length of Ob, which is 4.2mm in the figure;

the distance between the triangle centers depends on the sum of the two segments T1a and T2b, with a total length of 7.4+ 5.3-12.7 mm;

the difference between the triangle centers depends on the length between ab, which reflects the difference between the heights of the left and right triangle positions, the smaller the difference,

the more regular the pattern is, otherwise, the larger the variation is;

"arm diagonal" means the angle between the diagonal line T1O and the diagonal line T2O, respectively, and the perpendicular OB, i.e. ∠ T1Oa and ∠ T2Ob. generally, ∠ T1Oa

The greater the sum of ∠ T2Ob, the greater the "arm tilt";

the "ulnar, radial" shift of the core refers to the deviation of the "center point" of the core to the ulnar or radial side, marking the positive and negative attributes of the chevrons.

The width of the central area is the distance between cds, which is 9.5 mm;

if this is a left-handed fingerprint, it can be marked as Or o smM,

if it is a right-hand fingerprint it should be marked as O smM.

In the case of example 2, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 15 is a clockwise spiral scoop line characterized by a small cistron, a high core, a medium width in the center, and a left shift of the core.

The core grain in FIG. 15 is 1.0mm in diameter, 3.9mm in Ob height, and 5.8mm in cd width.

T1T2＝7.7mm。

If a left-handed fingerprint, it can be marked as: o9 smM;

if it is a right-hand fingerprint it should be marked as: or9 smM.

Because the marking steps, methods and standards of the basic characteristics of the spiral hopper grains are completely the same as those of the circular hopper grains, the related contents refer to the upper figure. It should be noted that the center point of the spiral grain core is the starting point of the innermost spiral grain.

Because the 'bucket line' is obviously different from the 'ring and bucket line' in structure, although the labeled contents are the same, the method is different:

i. the kernel size (BB'), which is the distance between two intersections passing through the vertex or origin of the kernel, perpendicular to the base line, and intersecting the base line (when

When the vertexes or starting points of the two core grains are at the upper and lower positions, the distance between the two vertexes or starting points is less than or equal to 1.5mm, and is marked as s; not less than

3mm is large and marked b; in between, is denoted as m;

the vertical height (Ob) is the distance from the starting point of the high-position spiral line or the top point of the high-position skip line to the vertical line of the middle point of the low-position triangle, is less than or equal to 3mm and is marked as l; the height is more than or equal to 6mm, and the mark is h; the middle part between the two is marked as m;

the width of the central area is the distance between the middle points of the two triangles, the width is equal to or more than 16mm, and the mark is W; less than or equal to 8mm is narrow and marked as N;

between 8mm and 16mm is a middle, labeled M.

Example 3, FIG. 16 is a double strand wire rope. The core line is small, the position is high, the core line surrounds clockwise and moves left, and the width of the central area is general.

In FIG. 16, the core grain size BB 'is 0.8mm, the height O' b is 5.5mm, the central region width cd is 12.7mm, and the T1T2 is 13.3 mm.

If the fingerprint is a left-handed fingerprint, the mark is O99 smM;

if it is the right hand, it is marked as Or 99 smM.

Example 4, fig. 17 is a "skip line". In the twisted relation, the lines are arranged on the upper side, and the skip lines are arranged on the lower side; the core line is small, the position is high, the core line surrounds clockwise and moves left, and the width of the central area is general.

In fig. 8-16, the core grain BB 'is 0.14mm large, the height Ob' is 7mm, and the central area width cd is 14.4 mm. T1T2 was 14.8 mm.

If it is a left-handed fingerprint, mark isshM；

If it is a right-hand fingerprint, it should be marked as Or

Example 5, FIG. 18 shows a double skip pattern. Large core grain, high position, counterclockwise surrounding, right shifting, and general width of central area.

In FIGS. 8-18, the core grain BB 'is 3.7mm in size, the height Ob' is 7.3mm, and the central region width cd is 13.2 mm. T1T2 was 14.7 mm.

If the fingerprint is a left-handed fingerprint, marking as OrZnv bhM;

if the fingerprint is a right-hand fingerprint, the fingerprint is marked as O Znv bhM.

Example 6, FIG. 19 is a double skip pattern. Large core grain, high position, clockwise surrounding, left shifting, and general width of central area.

In FIG. 19, the core grain BB' is 5.5mm in size, 6.5mm in height Ob and 13.9mm in the central region width cd. T1T2 was 15.0 mm.

If the fingerprint is a left-hand fingerprint, marking as O SwmbhM;

if it is a right-hand fingerprint, it should be marked as OrSwmbhM.

Example 7, the structure of fig. 20 is very similar to that of fig. 15, and is generally considered to be a "ring-spiral bucket pattern", with the center ring being independent and the second turn beginning to engage with the spiral. It features small inner ring, independent combination with rotation, high core position, medium width in central area and left shift of core. FIG. 20 if the same type of fingerprint as FIG. 15:

left hand fingerprint, labeled O09 shM;

the right hand fingerprint, except that the core line shift left appears to be reversed, is also characterized by a clockwise rotation, so it is labeled Or209 shM.

However, fig. 20 differs from fig. 15 in that the central region is surrounded by a reverse fold line. While the central area of figure 15 is surrounded by the arcuate line and the relatively flat base line. The fig. 20 fingerprint should be classified as a skip heterogeneous, labeled:

fingerprint of left hand: OC09 shM;

right hand fingerprint: OCr309 shM. (more description is given to skip isomeric veins) fig. 20 skip, cycloidal isomeric veins.

⑷ abnormal texture class

Besides the common skip, bucket and arch grains, the fourth type of fingerprint is an abnormal structural grain, called heterogeneous grain for short, and shares 5 sub-types of skip, skip bucket and winch heterogeneous grains. The mechanism of the formation of the arc-shaped dustpan and the curtain-shaped dustpan is different, but the structures are similar, so the arc-shaped dustpan and the curtain-shaped dustpan are discussed in the isomerous veins of the arc-shaped dustpan. The rest of the isomorphism introduces the marking content and the method of the detailed characteristics according to different subclasses. Such fingerprint structures contain at least two or more types of landmark lines and thus have difficulty in characterizing the core lines. Of course, the problem can be solved by adopting a method with broad and social properties and a prominent theme. The following are distinguished:

① heterogeneous veins of Bow and dustpan

a. Character mark

First item

In the fingerprint type mark, the bow-dustpan heterogeneous pattern can be formed by combining A representing an arc bow or AA representing a tent bow and C representing a dustpan. And using AC to represent arc-bow heterogeneous lines, and using AAC to represent account-bow heterogeneous lines. In addition, the positive and negative characteristics of the fingerprint must be noted: the labels are as follows:

1. the arch is combined with the dustpan, and the radial opening is marked as ACr; the ruler side opening, labeled AC.

2. The curtain bow is combined with the dustpan, the opening of the radial side is opened, and the curtain bow is marked as AACr; ruler side opening, labeled AAC.

Second item

Marking of core lines and triangle features:

the reverse fold line in the heterogeneous line of bow dustpan only has 1 or2, and simple structure variation degree is little, if:

1. the core grain is a simple fold line marked as c or

2. When the core grain is a non-skip independent grain, selecting characters with the closest form to mark, such as m, f and the like;

3. the core has a dustpan-like shape, but the line structure is ambiguous and marked as

4. The open triangle is marked as T (may not be marked), and the three-point triangle is marked as T (must be marked). Item III

The height of the arc-shaped dustpan in the isomerous veins is the distance from the top of the dustpan head to a straight line which passes through the middle point of the triangle and is parallel to the flexor line

And (5) separating. The arc-shaped dustpan has small height in the heterogeneous lines, and the curtain bow has large height in the heterogeneous lines. The arc-shaped dustpan has different patterns compared with the curtain-shaped dustpan

More frequently, so the calibration is carried out according to the standard of common skip-shaped patterns: the distance is greater than or equal to 6mm, and is marked as h; the distance is less than or equal to 3mm

Low, denoted as l; between 3mm and 6mm is a middle, marked m.

Item four

The width of the heterogeneous veins of the arch skip is the distance from the midpoint of the triangle to a straight line which is perpendicular to the base line through the core skip. The distance is less than or equal to 3mm and is narrow,

labeled N; between 3mm and 6mm is medium, denoted M; a width of not less than 8mm is marked as W.

The skip-shaped lines in the skip-shaped heterogeneous lines are only 2 at most, and the width of the central area of the skip-shaped heterogeneous lines is the width of the skip-shaped lines, so that the skip-shaped heterogeneous lines are not marked separately. In view of the above analysis, the labeled contents of the arcuate skip isomorphous lines are assigned to the following table:

content of marker of bow and dustpan isomerous veins

b. Mapping analysis

The arch-shaped veins include an arc-shaped arch and a curtain arch, and the mapping analysis methods of the arc-shaped arch and the curtain arch are slightly different. The difference is that the former needs to mark the vertices of the bow, especially those below the inflection point, which can infer left and right properties of the fingerprint, while the latter does not have to mark the vertices. The marking methods of the top point, the triangle middle point and the base line of the skip line are the same, and accordingly, the height of the skip, the direction of the skip mouth, the inclination direction of the top point connecting line below the inflection point from bottom to top and the like can be judged. See the following figures:

example 1, relevant data of fig. 21:

ca (height from skip to triangle middle point) 1.7mm

CB (height from skip to base line) 10.2mm

∠ m' Ca (included angle between the skip and the vertical line of the top) 22.8 °

∠ CTa (included angle between CT and Ta) 78.5 °

∠TCa＝11.5°

Skip width ww' is 0.7mm

TC (distance from the middle point of the triangle to the top point of the dustpan) is 1.8mm

TC/ww’＝2.57

A in fig. 21 is a partial enlargement of the fingerprint core, hinting

Structural feature, b is a partial cross-section of the original fingerprint. (same below) analysis method of arc dustpan isomerism stripes of fig. 8-20

Fig. 21 may be labeled as aclcln T. According to the expression that the connecting line of the vertex of the bow-shaped grain in the triangular area inclines upwards from left to right, the right-hand mark can be deduced. But the mouth of the dustpan points to the thumb, so that the dustpan is a reverse (inverse) phase arched heterogeneous grain, a closed dustpan-shaped grain line is arranged in the core grain, and the low-position triangle is forked.

Example 2, relevant data of fig. 22:

ca (height from skip to triangle middle point) 1.0mm

CB (height from skip to base line) 6.0mm

∠ m' Ca (included angle between the skip and the vertical line of the top) is 34.4 degree

∠ CTa (included angle between CT and Ta) 56.6 °

∠TCa＝33.4°

Width of skip (ww') 0.9mm

TC (distance from the middle point of the triangle to the top point of the dustpan) 1.3mm

TC/ww’＝1.44

Ta＝0.7mm

Analysis method of arc-bow skip heterogeneous texture in FIG. 22

According to the expression that the top line of the bow-shaped line below the inflection point inclines upwards from the left to the right, the line is inferred to be a right-hand fingerprint with an opening in the direction of the little finger, the skip-shaped line contains a line, and the skip-shaped heterogeneous line with a lower skip position is marked as AC 1c lN (t) in FIG. 22.

Example 3, relevant data of fig. 23:

ca (height from skip to triangle middle point) 5.8mm

CB (height from skip to base line) 13.9mm

∠ m' Ca (included angle between the skip and the vertical line of the top) is 3.6 °

∠ CTa (included angle between CT and Ta) 85.3 °

∠TCa＝14.7°

Width of skip (ww') 0.6mm

TC (distance from the middle point of the triangle to the top point of the dustpan) is 5.9mm

TC/ww’＝9.83

Ta＝0.4mm

Drawing analysis method for account dustpan heterogeneous lines

FIG. 23 shows a right index finger mosquito net with a slightly open bow and a triangular hollow part at the side of the large bend. According to the contents of tables 8-8, the present fingerprint may be labeled AAC c hN (t). Of course, it may also be simply labeled AAC c hN.

② heterogeneous pattern of bow

The appearance frequency of the arc-shaped lines of the bow bucket is less than that of the arc-shaped lines of the bow bucket, and only the combination type of the arc-shaped lines and the 'bucket' is seen at present.

The marked contents of the abnormal lines of the bow fights can be the same in the fingerprint type, namely the first item, but in the structures of the 'bow ring' and the 'bow spin' in the detail characteristics, the 'ring' is only 1, the 'spin' rotation angle does not exceed 2 circles, and the size and the position height of the ring and the spin can be measured by a conventional method; the variation of the twist is large, and the measuring method is different, so that the arch ring, the arch twist and the arch ring and twist heterogeneous texture cannot be compared with the arch twist heterogeneous texture in the aspect of detail characteristics, and additional discussion is needed.

a. Character mark

First item

In the fingerprint type mark, the bow-shaped and fighting isomorphous veins can be represented by the form that A representing the arc bow and O representing the fighting form AO, the fighting veins can be displaced left and right, r represents radial displacement, and the mark can be omitted when the ulnar displacement occurs. For this reason, there are two possibilities in the category and attribute labeling of the bow heterogeneous veins:

1. the arch resembles a bucket, displaced radially, labeled AOr; the ruler is laterally displaced, marked AO.

2. The sidecar resembles a bow, displaced radially, and labeled OAr; the ruler side shifts, marked OA.

③ heterogeneous veins of Bow ring, Bow whirling and Bow whirling

Second item

The ring or the spiral of the arch ring, the arch spiral and the arch ring spiral heterogeneous veins has low potential, small and round shape and can generate left and right displacement.

The shift problem is noted above and need not be repeated in the second term.

1. When the ring is a single circle, mark o; when oval, mark 0; when irregular, it is marked as

2. The spiral lines are different from clockwise and anticlockwise and are marked as 9 or e;

3. the independent lines in the middle of the spiral lines are marked by proper characters on the left side of 9 or e, such as 9, 1e and the like;

when the circle and the spiral line are combined, the marks are oe or o9, etc.;

item III

The diameter of the ring or spiral grain is less than or equal to 1.5mm and is marked as s; greater than or equal to 3mm, marked b; the symbol m between the two;

item four

The height of the core line refers to the distance from the midpoint of the core line to the midpoint of a low triangle and a line parallel to the flexor line,

the distance is greater than or equal to 6mm, and is marked as h; distance less than or equal to 3mm is low and marked as l; between 3mm and 6mm is a middle, marked m.

The fifth item

The width of the central area is the distance between the middle points of the two triangles, the width is greater than or equal to 8mm, and the central area is marked as W; less than or equal to 3mm is narrow and marked as N;

between 8mm and 3mm is a middle, labeled M.

In view of the above analysis, the contents of the "arch-to-ring, spin" or "arch-to-ring bond line" labels are given in the following table

Content of marker of 'bow ring, bow spin' heterogeneous veins

④ Arch Strand isomery grain

Second item

The structure of the bow-twisted isomerous grain has 3 different structural forms of 'wire twist', 'wire skip twist' and 'skip twist' due to different combination of twisted grains and wires. It can be labeled as follows:

1. when the core grain is 'twisted wire', the mark is 99, ee, etc.;

when "skips", the labels are c9 or

Etc.;

3 when the dustpan is stranded, the mark is Z (un), S (wm), ZOr S

And the like.

Item III

The size of the kernel is the distance between two intersection points (BB') generated by intersecting a base line with a vertical line passing through the vertex or the starting point, (when the vertex or the starting point of two kernels is in the upper position or the lower position, the distance between the two vertex or the starting point is taken).

Small less than or equal to 1.5mm and marked as s; greater than or equal to 3mm, marked b; in between, is denoted as m; item four

The vertical height of the twisted line refers to the point of the high starting point or the top of the high dustpan, and the vertical height of the twisted line is equal to the flexor line through the midpoint of the low triangle

The distance between the lines of the row. The distance is greater than or equal to 6mm, and is marked as h; lower at 3mm or less, denoted as l; the distance is 3mm and 5mm

The ones between are middle, marked as m.

The fifth item

between 8mm and 3mm is a middle, labeled M.

In view of the above analysis, the contents of the markers for the bowden isomorphism are given in the following table

Content of bow-twisted isomery mark

b. Mapping analysis

Although the "ring, spiral and twist" shapes in the strung heterogeneous veins are distorted to different degrees, the midpoint in the ring veins, the starting point of the spiral line, the midpoint of the triangle and the flexor line can be found out to complete the analysis. The following is presented in connection with the legend:

in the case of example 1, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 24 graphical analysis of arcus isomorphous striations: the fingerprint has only one ring grain and is irregular in shape. This ring grain may be understood as a core grain, surrounded by bow-shaped grain lines. For this reason, the fingerprint has no common center area, and no common triangles.

The core grain is 0.3mm large, the high Cb is 0.5mm,

the width T1T2 is 0.9mm, and T1a < T2 b.

Right hand fingerprint, which can be labeled: AO0 slN;

left hand fingerprint, which can be marked as: AOr0 slN.

Example 2, graphical analysis of the arcualia striations of FIG. 25:

the magnified portion of the fingerprint shows a 720 degree reverse rotated red core line, which is externally bowed. The left side has a normal triangle and the right side has a distorted triangle.

The core grain is 0.6mm large,

high Cb 1.3mm, wide T1T2 3.4mm, T1a < T2 b.

If it is a right-hand fingerprint, it can be marked as: AO e slN;

if left hand fingerprints, it can be marked as: AOr e slN.

Example 3, graphical analysis of the bowskein pattern of fig. 26:

the core grain is an arch twisted isomerous grain with twisted wires, and the double wires are twisted in a reverse part. The lower left is a forked triangle, and the right is a distorted triangle.

The core grain is 0.5mm large, the height C' b is 1.1mm, the width T1T2 is 1.9mm, and T1a is more than T2 b.

If it is a right-hand fingerprint, it can be marked as: AOZCuslN;

if left hand fingerprints, it can be marked as: AOr ZCuslN.

Example 4 graphical analysis of the bowden pattern of FIG. 27:

the core grain is an arch-twisted heterogeneous grain of a wire skip twisted, and the wire is partially twisted with the skip. The front of the dustpan is right, the tail is upward tilted, and the right triangle is distorted.

The core grain is 0.2mm large,

high C' b is 0.6mm,

the width T1T2 is 1.9mm, and T1a < T2 b.

This fingerprint if be located the right hand, can mark as:

if left-handed, it can be marked as:

⑤ heterogeneous grain of skip bucket

The skip heterogeneous grain is formed by that the variation of 'ring, rotation and twist' of a skip type is wound by a skip-shaped grain line to cause the distortion of adjacent triangles, and the skip heterogeneous grain is fused into an abnormal fingerprint with only one common triangle; the structure of the ring, the twist and the twist is complete, and the ring, the twist and the twist are surrounded by one or more bag-shaped reverse fold lines, which can be called as skip heterogeneous lines and also belong to skip heterogeneous lines. Their structural features are labeled as follows:

a. character mark

First item

In the fingerprint type mark, skip heterogeneous veins can be represented by structural forms of C and O. Radial displacement of the skip lines and appearance of skip lines

When the opening is radial, it is denoted by r. Such fingerprints differ from "skip type" and "bucket type". Thus, in the kind of skip type of heterogeneous grain

And attribute labeling there are two possibilities:

1. the skip type is characterized in that the reverse fold line contains a component of 'bucket', and the radial displacement is marked as COr; ruler side shift, labeled CO.

2. The bucket type is characterized in that the structure of the bucket is obvious, the bucket is surrounded by a bag-shaped inflection line, and the radial side of the bucket is shifted and marked as OCr; ruler side

The shift is labeled OC.

Second item

In the content of the mark with the shape of the core pattern, the bucket pattern has different 'ring, spiral and twist', and the combination of the bucket pattern and the core pattern can have

The following performances are shown:

1. skip ring isomery pattern: o (small round bucket), 0 (oval bucket),

(irregular bucket);

2. skip-twist isomerous striations: e or 9;

3. cyclo-isomorphous striations, o9 or oe;

4. skip, wire twist isomery, 99 or ee;

5. skip, skip twisted isomery, 9c or ec;

6. skip, double skip twisted isomerous grain, S or Z;

regarding the size, height and width of the kernel, i.e., the third, fourth and fifth items, the following is discussed: size of third-term kernel

Taking the maximum diameter of the core ring grain in the transverse direction by taking the ring as a main part; taking the rotation as the main, the end point and the angle of the core rotation pattern at 360 DEG are taken

The distance between the intersections, which are created by the intersection of a straight line extending from the end point to the start point with this spiral (fig. 8-12); mainly by twisting

The distance between the two core pattern vertices or starting points is taken as the standard. The diameter or distance is less than or equal to 1.5mm, marked as s; not less than 3mm

Large, labeled b; in between, is denoted as m;

the height of the fourth core line is from the most medial skip vertex or the middle point of the core ring line to a point passing through the lower triangular middle point and contacting with the flexor

The distance between lines parallel to the straight line; or the start point of the core spiral to a straight line passing through the midpoint of the lower triangle and parallel to the flexor line

The distance between them; or the middle point of the connecting line of the two vertexes or starting points of the core twisted line to a middle point of a lower triangle passing through and parallel to the flexor line

The distance between the straight lines. The distance is greater than or equal to 6mm, and is marked as h; lower at 3mm or less, denoted as l; the distance is between 3mm and 6mm

The middle is middle, marked as m.

The fifth item

Width, refers to the distance between the midpoint of the triangle to the midpoint of the innermost skip or core ring and perpendicular to the baseline line. Width of

When the degree is more than or equal to 8mm, the width is expressed by W; when the width is less than or equal to 3mm, the width is narrow and is expressed by N; between 3 and 8mm is

In (1), M is used.

The contents of the above five items can be listed as follows:

content of mark of skip heterogeneous grain

b. Mapping analysis

In the legends of skip heterogeneous veins, a is a partial enlargement of an original diagram: red lines represent the core grain and the distorted grain; the blue line represents the innermost skip line (fold-back line), and part of the core line (in skip-twist isomery); the black curve represents the central edge line. B is a geometric analysis part: unlike before, the focus of the cross-point y is increased in such a graph.

Although forked distorted triangles are not a patent for skip-like heterogeneous prints, the cross-points are indeed most common in this type of fingerprint. The degree of variation is reflected in the length of Cy. The analysis of such fingerprints is illustrated below:

in the case of example 1, the following examples were conducted,

fig. 28 shows a spiral groove. The spiral lines are distributed clockwise from inside to outside, the outsides of the spiral lines are surrounded by the composite dustpan-shaped lines, and the opening of the dustpan is towards the lower left.

The core grain is 0.5mm large,

high Ca 7.1 mm;

width Ty is 7.7 mm;

cy 3.4mm in length, ∠ yCa °29.1 °

If this is a left-handed fingerprint, it can be labeled as CO 9 shM;

if a right hand fingerprint, it is labeled COr 9 shM.

In the case of example 2, the following examples were conducted,

fig. 29 shows a ring-spiral groove. The core grains are distributed in a ring-rotating clockwise mode and are intersected with the lines extending leftwards and downwards.

The core grain is 0.7mm large,

high Ca 3.9 mm;

width Ty is 3.5 mm;

cy 3.4mm long, ∠ yCa °22.8 °

If this is a left-handed fingerprint, it can be labeled as CO ⊙,9 smN;

if a right-hand fingerprint, it can be labeled COr ⊙,9 smN.

In the case of example 3, the following examples are given,

fig. 30 shows a ring of heterogeneous veins. The large and small rings and the dustpan are combined into a whole, the red line in the figure represents the distortion of the rings and the rings, and the blue line represents the innermost skip-shaped line.

The core grain is 1.2mm large,

high Ca 6 mm;

width Ty 9.6mm, Cy 9.1mm, ∠ yCa 34.2 °.

E.g., left fingerprint, labeled CO 0.y × 2 shW;

the right hand fingerprint is labeled as code 0.y 2 shW.

In the case of example 4, the following examples are given,

fig. 31 shows a ring-spiral groove with a right opening. The spiral grains are distributed in a counterclockwise direction from inside to outside. The core ring grain is 0.5mm large;

high Ca 3.6 mm;

width Ty is 9.4 mm;

cy is 2.6mm long, ∠ yCa ═ 60.3 °.

If this is a left hand fingerprint, it is labeled COr o.e smW;

in the case of a right-hand fingerprint, it is labeled COo.e smW.

In the case of example 5, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 32 shows a single hinge pattern. The bucket has 3 subtypes, so the skip twist isomery also has the following correspondingly: skip-line twist isomerous grain, skip-skip twist isomerous grain and skip-double-skip twist isomerous grain. The example is a skip-double skip twisted type (a skip surrounds a double skip twist),

the core ring grain is 1.1mm large;

high Ca 5.6 mm;

width Ty is 10.2 mm;

cy is 2.5mm long, ∠ yCa ═ 34.8 °.

If the fingerprint is a left-handed fingerprint, the mark is CO Swn smW;

is the right hand fingerprint, marked as COr Swn smW.

⑥ isomeric twisted bucket lines

The fingerprint is quite complex fingerprint, and can be subdivided into 9 types of reverse skip, skip heterogeneous grain, double skip homodromous heterogeneous grain, double skip heterodromous heterogeneous grain, double skip single-winding heterogeneous grain, double skip incomplete heterogeneous grain, double skip complete heterogeneous grain, double skip lower heterogeneous grain, double skip head incomplete heterogeneous grain and double skip opposite-vertex heterogeneous grain. The discussion is as follows:

I. skip and bucket heterogeneous pattern

The reverse skip and bucket heterogeneous veins have 3 or more triangles, some foreign books are called Accident, and most foreign veins are classified in China. The structure of such fingerprints is relatively complex, since there are 3 different subtypes of the bucket, each of which can be subdivided. So that difficulty in recognition sometimes occurs.

a. Character mark

First item

The fingerprint type mark can be expressed in the form of d representing the skip and O representing the bucket constituting dO. Reverse direction of such fingerprints

There are two manifestations: radial displacement of the foramen radius and the core line. In either case, r can be added to the right side of dO to form

Represented in the form dOr; otherwise labeled dO.

Second item

In the mark content of the kernel pattern, it is only desirable to use the structural feature of the kernel pattern as characters without considering the inverse and positive problems

Specifically, the following are shown:

1. combined with a reverse skip, indicated as S (Z) u (o, 0 or

)；

2. Reverse skip and rotary combination, marked as S (Z) u (9, e);

3. the combination of the reverse skip and the double skip is marked as S (Z) u (s, z);

4. the combination of the reverse skip and the wire skip is marked as S (Z) u (c9, ce);

5. reverse skip, line-line combination, labeled S (Z) u (l 9; le);

item III

The size of the core grain is the distance from the vertex of the reverse skip to the middle point of the other far skip or the core grain. The distance is less than or equal to 1.5mm,

denoted s; greater than or equal to 3mm, marked b; in between, is denoted as m;

item four

The height of the reverse skip and bucket refers to the distance from the starting point of the high core grain or the vertex of the high skip to a straight line which passes through the midpoint of the low triangle and is parallel to the flexor line. The distance is greater than or equal to 6mm, and is marked as h; lower at 3mm or less, denoted as l; the height between the two is marked as m.

The fifth item

The width of the reverse skip and the bucket is the distance between the midpoints of two common triangles. The distance is more than or equal to 16mm, and is represented by W; less than or equal to 8mm

Is narrow, denoted by N; the number between 8 and 16mm is medium and is denoted by M.

In view of the above analysis, the content of the mark of the skip and skip heterogeneous veins can be summarized as follows:

content of mark of reverse skip and skip heterogeneous grain

b. Mapping analysis

The skip-falling and bucket heterogeneous patterns are the only fingerprints with 3 or more than 3 triangles in all fingerprint types, the skip-falling at the upper position in the structure is easy to identify, and the bucket at the lower position has larger change and can be a ring, a screw or a twist. The left side a in the figure is an enlarged part of the central area, the red line delineates the shapes of an inverted skip and a triangle, the blue line delineates the components of a ring, a spiral or a twist, and the black line is a central edge line; on the right side B, three flags can be seen in the analysis, or one umbrella is added with one flag. The former appears in the structure of the reverse skip and the twist, and the latter appears in the structure of the reverse skip, the ring or the twist. A legend analysis of such fingerprints is as follows:

in the case of example 1, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 33 is a reverse skip, skein pattern. The twisting has the characteristic of co-rotating twisting of double skips.

The analysis chart has three-face-like independent triangular small flags.

The core grain size C1C2 is 4.6mm,

high C2a 2-6.6 mm,

width T1T2 ═ 13.1 mm.

If it is a left-handed fingerprint, the mark is: dO

Is right hand, labeled:

example 2, fig. 34 shows a reverse skip and skip heterogeneous texture.

The bucket appears in a ring and spiral combination pattern mode, and the spiral pattern rotates clockwise.

The analysis figure has a flag and a umbrella (somewhat exaggerated).

The kerve is 3.9mm large,

high C1C 2-4.5 mm,

width T1T2 ═ 13.8 mm.

In the case of a left-handed fingerprint,

the label is: dOrZu0.9bmM;

the right hand is: dOrZu0.9bmM.

Here a new recognition is proposed: the special twisting form of the skip and the bucket is the special twisting form of the skip and the bucket. Previously only wire strands, wire skips and skips have been mentioned, which are common forms of twisting and general structural phenomena. With the deep knowledge, the twisting of the 'reverse skip and the bucket' is seen, and if the bucket is understood as the 'skip', the fingerprint is 'double skip twisted line'.

Of course, such fingerprints have a large degree of variation, and the line structure of the cleaning bucket is sometimes difficult to clean, but can be cleaned finally. The lower "skip" of fig. 8-32 is a double-skip co-directional twisted isomery pattern; the lower "skip" of fig. 8-33 is a circular spiral binding stripe. With this knowledge, the twist relationships of FIGS. 8-32 can be understood as S-shaped twist, normally occurring in the left finger; while FIGS. 8-33 are in a Z-twisted relationship, the appearance of the left finger is positively the opposite phase. But why: is the right hand, labeled dOr? This is also the reverse phase labeled!

And (3) answer: in fig. 34, the length of the segment T2a2(5.5mm) is significantly greater than that of the segment T1a1(4.1mm), and the naked eye can make a correct judgment. The position of the midpoint of the line connecting C1 and C2 is important: left deviation, i.e. radial displacement, is reversed; right deviation, i.e., ruler side displacement, is positive. Geometric knowledge tells us that the position of the midpoint of the connecting line of C1 and C2 is on the vertical bisector of the midpoint of B1B2, and the distances from the midpoint of the connecting line of C1 and C2 to T1 and T2 are B1B2+ T1a1 of 1/2 and B1B2+ T2a2 of 1/2 respectively. Since segment T2a2> segment T1a 1. Therefore, the midpoint of the line connecting C1 and C2 is offset radially and should be labeled as dOr.

II, double skip homodromous heterogeneous veins

In the equidirectional heterogeneous grains of the double skips, the skips of the upper skips are inverted, and the lower skips are positive skips. The tail part is parallel and the opening direction is the same: pointing to the radial side simultaneously, or pointing to the ulnar side simultaneously; a solid or hollow triangle can be seen between the two dustpan heads.

a. Character mark

First item

The reverse skip in the double skip equidirectional heterogeneous veins is still represented by C, and the lower skip is represented by C. The combination of them is CC. When the two tails are spread out, the tail is opened,

denoted as CCr; ruler open, labeled CC.

Second item

According to the specific form of the double-skip core grain, the distortion triangle is recorded together, e.g.

And the like.

Item III

The size of the kernel (CC'), which is the distance between two kernel skip vertices. The distance is less than or equal to 1.5mm, marked as s; not less than

3mm is large and marked b; in between, is denoted as m;

item four

The height is the distance from the top point of the high-position dustpan head to a straight line which passes through the midpoint of the low-position triangle and is parallel to the flexor line. A distance of not less than

Height 6mm, marked h; lower at 3mm or less, denoted as l; the height between the two is marked as m. The fifth item

The width is the distance between the middle point of the triangle and a straight line perpendicular to the base line of the lower skip (Ta ═ Ta + BB'). The distance is more than or equal to 16mm

Is wide, denoted by W; narrow at less than or equal to 8mm and expressed by N; the number between 16 and 8mm is medium and is denoted by M.

In view of the above analysis, the labeled contents of the double-skip homomorphic veins can be summarized as follows:

marking content of double-dustpan homodromous heterogeneous veins

b. Mapping analysis

The structure of the double-dustpan homodromous heterogeneous veins is relatively simple, and the analysis result shows that the triangular flags with different sizes and consistent directions on the two surfaces can be seen. Of course, it is relatively complicated to have a double skip isomorphism with severe variations, as shown in fig. 52 and 57. See the following legend:

in the case of example 1, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 35 is a reverse fingerprint of a right index finger with the mouth pointing to the thumb. The triangle is positioned at the right lower part of the head part of the positive skip, the position of the reverse skip is lower than that of the positive skip, but the CTa area of the reverse skip is larger than that of the C ' T ' a '.

Large core grain (CC') -4.1 mm;

high (Ta + BB') 5.2 mm;

width (Ta ═ C 'B' -aB) ═ 8.0 mm.

Accordingly, the fingerprint may be marked as:

if it is a left-handed fingerprint, the label is: CC (challenge collapsar)

(t is a hollow triangle)

In the case of example 2, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 36 shows a left index finger fingerprint with the mouth open toward the thumb, so this is also an inverted fingerprint. The position of the head of the reverse skip core line is higher than that of the skip of the lower forward skip, which is different from the situation of fig. 8-34. In the structure of the equidirectional and heterogeneous grains of the double dustpan, although the reverse dustpan head descends, the position of the reverse dustpan head is not necessarily lower than the height of the dustpan head of the lower positive dustpan.

The core grain is large CC ═ 3.6 mm;

high C' a ═ 4.6 mm;

width Ta ″, 9.3 mm.

Accordingly, the fingerprint may be marked as: CCrutc bmM.

If it is a right hand fingerprint, then the label is: CC utc bmM.

In the case of example 3, the following examples are given,

FIG. 37 is a distorted double skip homomorphic vein. For ease of identification, the relevant parts of the original diagram have been enlarged (a1) and delineated (a 2). The lower left arrow in a2 indicates the intersection point of the fork-shaped skip mark, which is the common point of the reverse head C and the distortion triangle T'.

Because the reverse skip and the positive skip are adjacent, the reverse skip is marked with red, and the positive skip is marked with blue.

Big CC' of fingerprint is 2.2 mm;

high C 'B' -aB is 6.1 mm;

width Ta + B' B is 9.1 mm.

Left hand line, labeled ccry. ynmhm;

right hand line, denoted CC y.

III, double-dustpan heterodromous striation

The structural characteristics of the heteromorphism line of two skips are that the open-ended direction of skips tail is opposite, and two skips transposition is less than 360 degrees. Therefore, the shape of the wire is similar to that of a double-ring twisted wire but is not completely the same. Especially in the method of measuring the width of the central zone, is completely different.

The contents of the tags are as follows:

a. character mark

First item

The letters of the heterodromous lines with double skips are capital

The reverse phase table has the following components: radial shift and reverse transposition (clockwise right hand)

Twisted to the left and twisted counterclockwise). For this purpose, the normal case time scale is

Reverse phase time scale is

Second item

In the marks of the core pattern, the mark is z when the double skips are twisted anticlockwise, and is s when the double skips are twisted clockwise.

Item III

Size of core grain (CC'), distance between skips. The distance is less than or equal to 1.5mm, marked as s; greater than or equal to 3mm, marked b;

in between, is denoted as m;

item four

Height refers to the point of the upper head (mostly the upper head) and the straight line passing through the midpoint of the lower triangle and parallel to the flexor line

The distance between them. The distance is greater than or equal to 6mm, and is marked as h; lower at 3mm or less, denoted as l; the interval between high and low is marked as m.

The fifth item

Width, which is the distance between the midpoints of the two triangles. The distance is more than or equal to 16mm, and is represented by W; narrow at less than or equal to 8mm and expressed by N;

the number between 8 and 16mm is medium and is denoted by M.

content of mark of double-dustpan anisotropic heterogeneous veins

b. Mapping analysis

The analysis graph of the double-skip anisotropic heterogeneous grain is similar to that of the double-skip bucket grain, and is very similar to a small flag with two opposite triangular surfaces. The different points represent differences in the width measurement method. This is determined by the presence or absence of the property of a "circle" in the structure. See the following legend:

in the case of example 1, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 38 is a left thumb fingerprint. The double skips are twisted in an S shape, and the center point of the core (the center point of the connecting line of the top points of the core grains) is deviated to the left.

Large core grain CC' is 3.3 mm;

high Ca ═ 5.5 mm;

width TT' is 11.9 mm.

The fingerprint should be marked as:bmM。

if the right index is:

bmM。

(rr denotes: reverse phase twisting, and reverse phase shifting).

In the case of example 2, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 39 is a right index finger fingerprint. The double skips are twisted in a Z shape, and the center point of the core is deviated to the right.

Large core grain CC' is 3.5 mm;

high Ca ═ 3.6 mm;

the width T' T is 13.2 mm.

Accordingly, the stripe is marked as:

bmM；

if the left-hand fingerprint is marked as:

bmM。

in the case of example 3, the following examples are given,

FIG. 40 is a left thumb fingerprint. The double skips are twisted in an S shape, and the center point ruler side of the core shifts.

The core grain is large CC ═ 8.9 mm;

high Ca ═ 3.1 mm;

the width T' T is 18.2 mm.

The notation is:bmW, respectively; if it is right-hand stripe, the notation is:

bmW。

in the enlarged portions of the above three examples, an S-shaped streak line exists between the double skips in FIGS. 8-37; arcuate cord exists between the double skips of FIGS. 8-38;

there is no unique streak line between the double skips of fig. 40. Such fingerprints have little variation and are easy to identify.

IV, double skip single winding isomerous vein

The double-skip single-winding isomorphous texture is characterized by being a skip-by-skip, and marked as Cc or cC. Since it is customary to write "up" before "and" down "after. Therefore, the upper dustpan surrounding the lower dustpan, namely 'upper bag and lower bag', is written as 'Cc'; the lower dustpan surrounding the upper dustpan- - "the lower ladle is written as" cC ".

a. Character mark

First item

The symbolic letters of the double-skip single-winding isomorphous striations are Cc and cC. Cc represents that the upper skip is coiled downwards, and cC represents that the lower skip is coiled upwards. Radial displacement of the opening of the dustpan or the core striation is "retrograde," and is denoted by r. rr occur simultaneously for both reversals.

Second item

In the marks of the core pattern, the mark is Z when the double-dustpan body parts are twisted anticlockwise, and the mark is S when the double-dustpan body parts are twisted clockwise.

Item III

The size of the kernel line (CC'), which is the distance between the two skip vertices. The distance is less than or equal to 1.5mm, marked as s; greater than or equal to 3mm, marked b; in between, is denoted as m;

item four

The height refers to the distance from the vertex of the high-position dustpan (whether the upper dustpan or the lower dustpan) to the straight line passing through the midpoint of the low-position triangle and running on the flexor wire. A height of more than or equal to 6mm is marked as h; lower at 3mm or less, denoted as l; the middle between the two is marked as m.

The fifth item

The width is the distance between two intersection points where the midpoint perpendicular bisector of the connecting line of the two core grain vertexes intersects with the central edge line. The width is more than or equal to 16mm and is represented by W; narrow at less than or equal to 8mm and expressed by N; the diameter between 8 and 16mm is middle and is expressed by M.

In view of the above analysis, the labeled contents of a double-skip single-winding isomorphous stripe can be summarized as follows:

marking content of double-skip single-winding heterogeneous texture

b. Mapping analysis

The double-skip single-winding heterogeneous grain 'skip-ladle skip' has two forms: the lower dustpan upwards surrounds the upper reverse dustpan and the upper dustpan downwards surrounds the positive dustpan. The structural morphology of the two traces is obviously different, and the morphology of the geometric analysis graphs of the two traces is basically consistent. See right and below:

in the case of example 1, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 41 is a "wrap-over" fingerprint of the right thumb. The skip tail ruler is distributed in the direction, and the middle point ruler in the core is moved. The core grain is large CC ═ 5.8 mm;

high (C' a ") ═ 4.0 mm;

width TT' is 18.1 mm.

Can be marked as: cc

bmW；

If left line, mark:

bmW。

in the case of example 2, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 42 is a partial imprint of a typical "wrap around" left middle finger. The tail is radially distributed and the midpoint of the core is radially displaced.

Large core grain CC' is 2.3 mm;

core grain height (Ca) ═ 2.3 mm;

width TT' is 6.1 mm.

The characters of the fingerprint are marked as:

if it is a right hand fingerprint, the label is:

in the case of example 3, the following examples are given,

FIG. 43 is the fingerprint of the right index finger "bag up". The radius distribution of the tail is radial, and the radial shift of the midpoint of the core is.

Large core grain CC' is 6.0 mm;

high C 'a' 6.4 mm;

width TT' is 11.5 mm.

Can be labeled as: ccr3

If left line, mark: cc

(r3 indicates that the core grain is reversed in winding direction, the midpoint shift is reversed, and the skip grain openings surrounding the core grain are reversed). In addition, CC ' in the graph is obviously larger than BB ', and the parameter with the CC ' value as the size of the core is suitable.

V. upper skip cracking incomplete double-twisted isomery pattern (upper cracking incomplete isomery pattern)

The upper incomplete heterogeneous grain is one of the upper incomplete heterogeneous grains, and the small curve side of the front skip of the upper incomplete heterogeneous grain has cross grains and tail grains or a combined cross and tail grain line caused by the variation of the upper reverse skip, and is a more common grain class; the other fingerprint in the upper open heterogeneous veins keeps a double-skip twisted state, but the upper skip is completely cracked. The structure is analyzed according to the skip-shaped lines by the skipper-like person, and the structure is analyzed according to the double-skip twisted lines by the twister.

a. Character mark

First item

The symbolic letters of the upper incomplete isomorphous are YC and yCr. yC represents the opening direction of the opening of the positive dustpan to the ruler side, and yCr represents the opening direction of the opening of the dustpan

On the radial side.

Second item

In the core pattern mark, the varied cross, tail, etc. lines can be marked as y, but are more distant from skip lines (not necessarily core skip lines)

Combinations of degrees and different forms, the combination being located inside the skip veins, labelled y.c; the outer side is labeled c.y.

In the third item, the first and second items,

the size of the core grain, because the variation degree of the fingerprints is large, the position and the shape of the skip of the variation skip can not be determined under most conditions,

so the core size is not required.

Item four

Height, refers to the distance between the high point (the vertex of the skip) and a line passing through the midpoint of the low triangle and parallel to the flexor line. Distance between two adjacent plates

The height is more than or equal to 6mm, and the mark is h; lower at 3mm or less, denoted as l; the middle between the two is marked as m.

In the fifth aspect of the present invention,

width, processing according to skip lines. When the width is more than or equal to 8mm, the width is expressed by W; narrow at less than or equal to 3mm and expressed by N; between the two

The middle is denoted by M.

In view of the above analysis, the labeled contents of the above incomplete heterogeneous texture can be summarized as follows:

marking content of incomplete heterogeneous grains on double-skip winch

b. Mapping analysis

In the mapping analysis of the upper incomplete heterogeneous texture, a fork-shaped skip mark which can be repaired into a core reverse skip can be found at the small bending side of the lower skip, and the intersection point is marked as y; and the perpendicular line passing through y as the base line is crossed with B'. The lower skip is constructed in the same manner as in the previous section.

The repair graph of the fingerprint has double-ring-like single-winding isomerous lines or double-ring-like anisotropic isomerous lines, and is shown in the right graph:

in the case of example 1, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 44 shows a "top-down" left-hand upper incomplete groove of the right thumb. The skip tail rulers are distributed in the direction, and the center point ruler side of the core shifts. 8-43 analysis of incomplete striae isomorphous on double strands high Ca 3.3 mm; the width (distance from T to yB') was 9.0 mm. Can be marked as: yC Zyc mM or yC mM;

if left, mark: yCrZyc mM or yCryc mM.

In the case of example 2, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 45 is a left middle finger upper incomplete isomorphous vein with a "double skip" in opposite directions. The skip tail rulers are distributed in the direction, and the center point ruler side of the core shifts.

The height of the core grain is 6.8mm

Width (distance T to yB') 12 mm.

Can be marked as: yC

hM or yChM；

If the right line is marked:

hM orhM

VI, double-skip twisting upper skip cracking complete heterogeneous pattern (upper complete heterogeneous pattern)

Strictly speaking, two skips are twisted and are opened complete heterogeneous line and belong to dustpan class line, only because of the complete fracture of upper skip head, overall structure still keeps the "stranded state" that the degree is different and falls into unusual structure line class. A cracked "skip" can be repaired, with two lines that can be repaired to core skip, with the skip apex labeled v. Of course, v also represents the tail line.

a. Character mark

First item

The notational letters with perfect isomorphism are vC and vCr. vC indicates the opening of the forward dustpan to the ulnar side, and vCr indicates the opening of the forward dustpan to the radial side.

Second item

In the mark of the core grain shape, the completely cracked skip is in a v shape, the core grain of the normal skip is in a c shape,

m, and the like.

In the third item, the first and second items,

so the core size is not required.

Item four

The height refers to the distance from the top point of the dustpan head of the normal position to a straight line which passes through the middle point of the low-position triangle and is parallel to the flexor wire. A distance of not less than

Height 6mm, marked h; lower at 3mm or less, denoted as l; the middle between the two is marked as m. In the fifth aspect of the present invention,

and the width is the distance from the midpoint of the triangle to the midpoint of the v-stripe. When the width is more than or equal to 8mm, the width is expressed by W; narrow when the diameter is less than or equal to 3mm, use N

Represents; between which is medium, labeled M.

In view of the above analysis, the markup content can be summarized as follows:

marking content of complete heterogeneous lines on double-skip winch

b. Mapping analysis

The reverse head in the upper complete heterogeneous grain is completely cracked, but the shape of the reverse head is still kept complete, and two ideal grain lines which can be repaired into core grains can be found. Under the two lines, there are paired inverted splay-shaped line structures. The split is repaired in a closed way, and the shape of the reversed dustpan can be recovered. In the following figures, red spike-like inverted splay lines are visible. The upper position of the innermost side of the lines is the position of the reverse skip, namely the positions of the end points of the two lines which can form the core lines of the reverse skip are positioned (the original appearance of the lines is kept in the drawing, the two end points are not closed, and if the two end points are closed, the reverse skip is formed). The illustration and analysis is as follows:

in the case of example 1, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 46 shows a "wrap-over-wrap" right index finger with a full isomorphous line. The tail of the dustpan is distributed radially.

High Ca 6.7mm

Width (distance T to vB') 7.7 mm.

Can be marked as: vCr Sv1hM or vCr1c hM;

if left line, mark: vCSv1hM or vC 1c hM.

In the case of example 2, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 47 is a complete isomorphous line on the right index finger with "two tails" distributed heterodromously. The opening of the dustpan is opened towards the ruler side.

High Ca content of 0.7mm

Width (distance T to vB') 5.7 mm.

Can be marked as: vC Zv1lM or vC 1 clM;

if left line, mark: vCrZv 1lM or vCr1 clM.

VII, double twisting lower head cracking incomplete heterogeneous grain (incomplete heterogeneous grain)

The lower skip of two skips hank fracture has two kinds of situations: the complete cracking is called reverse skip, and the cracking is discussed in skip-shaped grains; the less abundant ones are discussed in this section. The characteristic lines of the lower skip cracking imperfection are splay lines in an inclined position, and fork-shaped lines or other types of lines capable of being repaired to be core lines exist on the inner side of the splay lines.

a. Character mark

First item

The symbolic letters of incomplete striae are dy and dyr. dy represents the opening of the dustpan towards the ulnar side, and dyr represents the opening of the dustpan towards the radial side

Lateral or core lines are radially displaced.

Second item

In the mark of the core grain pattern, marks such as skip marks, y, c, m, and the like below the skip part are noted.

In the third item, the first and second items,

the size of the core grain is not required because the variation degree of the fingerprints is large, and the position and the shape of the skip of the varied skip cannot be determined under most conditions;

item four

Height, the distance between the top of the reverse skip and a straight line passing through the midpoint of the triangle and parallel to the flexor line. The distance is more than or equal to 6mm

High, labeled h; lower at 3mm or less, denoted as l; the middle between the two is marked as m.

In the fifth aspect of the present invention,

the width is the distance from the middle point of the triangle to the middle point (Ta') of the skip mark below the reverse body part. When the width is more than or equal to 8mm, the width is expressed by W;

narrow at less than or equal to 3mm and expressed by N; between the two, M represents.

In view of the above analysis, the labeled contents of all-open heterogeneous veins can be summarized as follows:

marking content of incomplete heterogeneous texture under double-skip twisting

b. Mapping analysis

In the lower incomplete heterogeneous line of opening, the "lower dustpan" that the head ftractures is located the lower of the little curved side of upper reverse dustpan, and the "dustpan head" that ftractures incompletely is located the opening part of horizontal splayed. The appearance of incomplete cracking is: and transverse splay lines and forked lines or transverse splay lines and double-line lines and the like are simultaneously arranged below the small bent side of the reverse dustpan.

Example 1, fig. 48 shows a fingerprint of the right thumb "on the lower bag" with the opening on the radial side.

High Ca content of 1.8mm

Width Ta' 7.6 mm.

Can be marked as: dyr Zwy lM or dyr wy lM;

if left line, mark: dy Zwy lM or dy wy lM. Analysis of incomplete striae in FIGS. 8-47.

In the case of example 2, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 49 shows a finger print of a left index finger, radial opening of the dustpan opening, and the two dustpan opening in the same direction.

The core grain height Ca is 3.2 mm;

the central area width Ta' is 6.2 mm.

Can be marked as: dyrCCuc mM or dyruc mM;

if the right line is marked: dyCCuc mM or dyuc mM.

In the case of example 3, the following examples are given,

FIG. 50 shows a finger print of the left thumb "on the lower bag", with the opening facing the dustpan.

High Ca 3.1 mm;

the width Ta' is 9.4 mm.

Can be marked as: dyrSup mW or dyrup mW;

if the right line is marked: dySup mW or. dyup mW.

Double-head incomplete crack isomerism pattern

Double-head incomplete cracking heterogeneous grains, which are referred to as double incomplete heterogeneous grains for short, can also be understood as skip heterogeneous grains. The structure of the metal wire comprises 'skip mark pairs', and neglecting the components is easy to be confused with the arch grains. Since the number of such fingerprints is extremely small, the related problems are to be improved.

a. Character mark

First item

Of the types of fingerprints, a double incomplete heterogeneous fingerprint may be labeled YY.

Second item

The skip mark pair represented by the detail characteristics has three types of double fork shape, double line shape and half fork half line shape, and exists in the forward direction and the reverse direction

The directional twisting relationship is marked by S or Z; forked skip marks, such as y, v, ll, etc., are then represented by specific approximate characters.

Item III

Height, refers to the distance from the apex of the restored superior head to the baseline (the camberline). The height is higher when the distance is more than or equal to 12mm and is marked as

h; the mark is l when the diameter is less than or equal to 8 mm; in between, they are denoted by m.

Item four

Width, refers to the distance between the "vertices" of the skip. When the distance is more than or equal to 16nn, the width is marked as W; is less than or equal to 8mm and marked as narrow

N; in between, they are medium and labeled M.

The fifth item

When the top connecting line from bottom to top is in the shape of a sample, the connecting line is inclined rightwards and marked as R; when the sample is played, the vertex connecting line inclines to the left and can be represented by a letter L; the vertex lines are l-shaped such that the vertex lines are substantially perpendicular to the baseline, and may be represented by the letter M.

In view of the above analysis, the labeled contents of the double-head incomplete opening are assigned in the following table:

content of double-opening incomplete (bow skip) heterogeneous grain mark

b. Mapping analysis

The data in the analysis of double incomplete isomorphism mapping, derived from the coordinate locations of some lines and points, such as: the flexor line, the top connection line of the arch veins, the cross-vein intersection point in the skip-crease pair or the middle point between the two line ends of the linear skip crease. The vertex connecting line can be seen with an inflection point, but the skip mark is not necessarily located at the inflection point but is in the vicinity of the inflection point. Mapping analysis and labeling are given in the following examples:

in the case of example 1, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 51 is an analysis of a right thumb.

a is partial enlargement of the original fingerprint, and a group of skip mark pairs is arranged in the red double circles: a linear skip mark is arranged in the upper ring, and a fork-shaped skip mark is arranged in the lower ring; b is the repaired core line: the upper part is a reverse dustpan and the lower part is a positive dustpan. Repairing the broken linear skip mark by using a black arrow, and cutting off the convex part of the fork-shaped skip mark by using a red hollow arrow; c shows the repaired skip (C, C '), the intersection point (B, B') of the straight line passing through the skip and perpendicular to the base line on the base line, and the vertexes (red dots) of all the arch grains. The measurement results were as follows:

the upper trace height CB is 13.4 mm;

width BB' is 6 mm.

The direction of the connecting line of the top and bottom points is inclined to the right below the inflection point. The most inboard of upper skip trace is 2 straight lines, and the most inboard of lower skip trace is the fork line.

The marks of this pattern are: YY Z2y hM R

Or YY 2y hM R;

and marking on the left hand: YYRZ2y hM R

Or YYr2y hM R.

In the case of example 2, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 52 is a left thumb fingerprint. Repairing skip marks and other composite skip marks is shown in b, wherein the direction of a connecting line of vertexes from bottom to top inclines leftwards below an inflection point.

The upper trace height CB is 13.5 mm;

width BB' is 2.2 mm.

The most inboard of upper skip trace is the fork line, and the most inboard of lower skip trace is 2 straight lines.

The marks of this pattern are: YY Sy2 hN L or YY 2 hN L;

the right hand is labeled: YYRY2 hN L or YYRy2 hN L.

In the case of example 3, the following examples are given,

FIG. 53 is a left index finger fingerprint. The twisting direction of the repaired double-dustpan is completely opposite to that of the double-dustpan shown in fig. 6, which indicates that the variation degree of the fingerprints is large. The same as the arc-shaped and bow-shaped grains, the confirmation of the left and right finger position attributes of the fingerprint in the inclined direction of the connecting line of the top points from bottom to top below the inflection point has important value. The smaller BB' of such fingerprints, the more pronounced the "mosquito bow" character.

The "top line" in fig. 53 has no clear inflection point in the analysis of the double-head incomplete heterogeneous cracks in fig. 8-52, but the inclined direction of the "bottom-up" top line below the midpoint of the line points to the left.

High CB ═ 10.5 mm; width BB' is 0.8 mm. The innermost sides of the upper skip mark and the lower skip mark are all crossed lines, so that the mark can be expressed as: yyyyhn L or YY yhn L; and (3) right-hand: YYRZyhNL or YYRyhNL.

IX. double-dustpan opposite-vertex isomerous pattern

Double-dustpan opposite-vertex heterogeneous grains are a very rare fingerprint type, and the structure is relatively simple. When one skip in the double-skip opposite-vertex heterogeneous grains is cracked, the skip can be changed into the bow heterogeneous grains, and when the double skips are cracked, the skip can be changed into the bow grains. Double-skip opposite vertex isomorphous lines can be labeled as follows:

a. character mark

First item

Due to the fact that the double skips are opposite to each other, the shape of the double skips is like a Chinese character ' ba ', and the double skips can be marked as X '.

Second item

The detail feature of the kernel line is expressed as a shape and can be marked asIn other cases, the appropriate character representation is found.

Item III

The triangular state and the number of the double-dustpan opposite-vertex isomerous veins generally have only one triangle in a close combination type, and the evacuation type has two triangles and three triangles

And (4) an angle. The positions of the triangles are represented by ↓and ↓ and the attributes of the triangles are represented by T and T.

Item four

And the height refers to the distance from the top point of the high-position dustpan head to the base line. When the distance is more than or equal to 12mm, the height is marked as h; lower than or equal to 8mm, marked

Is l; in between, they are denoted by m.

The fifth item

The width refers to the distance between two skip heads. The distance is less than or equal to 3mm, the distance is narrow and marked as N; a width of not less than 8mm, denoted as W; between the two

Middle, labeled M;

in view of the above analysis, the labeled contents of the double-skip versus the apical isomorphous are given in the following table:

marking content of double-skip opposite-vertex heterogeneous texture

b. Mapping analysis

Such fingerprints have no natural center edge line and no left-right distributed triangle, so that the discussion on the width and the displacement of the core line of the fingerprint cannot be carried out. The triangular distribution of the fingerprints is up and down, and the middle point of the triangle can be higher than the top end of the core skip. See lower right legend:

in the case of example 1, the following examples were conducted,

FIG. 54 is a head-separated double-skip parietal heterogeneous print recorded from John EdgarHover (John EdgarHoover) "scientific fingerprinting and its use" (The Science of fingerprint Classification and Uses) book (which was classified as an account bow in The original book).

In fig. 55, a is a tracing of the core skip and triangle, b is an analysis diagram, and c is an enlargement of the central portion.

The distance between the head parts of the double-skip pattern is 4.4mm, namely the head parts are high left and low right, the skip openings are reversely opened downwards, and the double skips are arranged in a splayed shape; a hollow triangle is arranged above the double-skip connecting line, and a fork-shaped triangle is arranged below the double-skip connecting line; BB' is 3.6mm wide and CB is 13.7mm (corrected to 1200 pixels/inch resolution).

To this end, the stripe may be marked as:

↑T↓t h M

there are, of course, some discrepancies, e.g., ∠ CTa and ∠ C ' T ' a, 8.4 for the former and 3.4 for the latter, ∠ BCT greater than 90 or ∠ B ' C ' T ' approaching 90, ∠ BCT greater than 90, point a falling outside of the CB, etc., the so-discrepant fingerprint owner must also have a singularity in the structure of a tissue, example 2,

FIG. 55 is a fingerprint from the police department of Authority, Bursoria, Texas, which they also classify as Bow print. The images provided are too limited to allow mapping analysis, but morphological analysis. See the following figures:

the double-dustpan heads of the fingerprint are tightly contacted, the double skips are distributed in a typical splayed shape, and a fork-shaped triangle is arranged in the double skips.

From these points, the fingerprint can be labeled as: x↓t 1N。

The above fingerprints are classified as ledger prints by john edgarfo and the police department in brazoia prefecture, germany, us, and we have defined ledger prints as: the tent-shaped bow-like veins are composed of A-shaped veins with small included angle and indefinite height, the two side lines of the net-shaped bow-like veins are symmetrical, the structure does not contain the inflection veins, but the inner lower part of the net-shaped bow-like veins has a triangular structure.

Examples 1 and 2 the inner lower part of the fingerprint has a triangular structure, the fingerprint also has a large number of A-shaped lines, but also contains single or composite skip-shaped lines, and the structures and the forms of the skip-shaped lines are totally different from those of common account bow lines. Of course, if the fingerprint types are only bow, skip and bucket, the fingerprint types can only be classified as bow-shaped. Refining the classification of fingerprints is necessary for the purpose of exploring the correlation between structural features of fingerprints and health, so we attribute it as a double skip of opposite vertex isomorphous.

Of course, the above classification is only a summary of one stage, and needs to be refined continuously with the appearance of another type of fingerprint.

For example, FIG. 56 shows an inverted figure-eight fingerprint, which is suspected of being a bar because it does not have complete fingerprints and physical fingerprints and cannot exclude the possibility of pointing out malformations.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and other modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fingerprint 6-bit character marking method is characterized in that the analysis method comprises the following steps: the first step, the character marking key point, the letter and symbol marking method is a method for classifying and inducing the fingerprints by selecting the letters or symbols similar to the core pattern; during marking, the central part is firstly looked at to find out the core grain and analyze the structural characteristics of the core grain, so that the attributes of the fingerprint types are determined, and the conditions of the front and back, the height and the width of the core grain are kept; looking at the triangular area, the number and the shape of the triangles are known; finally, paying attention to the distribution and the structure of the peripheral lines and the base lines along the trend of the lines until all the lines on the fingers are checked, and recording special and valuable contents in a remark column; although the types of fingerprints are various, the marked contents and items are different, but have common points; in order to intuitively understand the method, the common marking content and the related character list are shown in the attached drawings; secondly, the key points of mapping analysis are the supplement of a character marking method, and the analysis and the measurement of the texture map are required in advance when accurate data of 'size, height and width' are acquired; before drawing, some reference points and lines are selected, such as: the center points of the ring and the spiral hopper-shaped grains; the middle point of a connecting line of double skip top points of the bucket line, the middle point of a connecting line of the top points of the core line and the core skip in the skip line, and the middle point of a connecting line of the double core line start points in the line twist; the middle point of the hollow triangle, the intersection point of the solid triangle, the flexor line of the distal phalangeal joint, and the like; through the points and the lines, right triangles with different sizes can be drawn to complete the analysis of the fingerprint; due to the difference of different types of fingerprint structures, the choices of "reference points and lines" are different, but the following points can be taken as references:

⑴ the parallel line of the middle point of flexor can be used as the base line, the flexor is the fold line of the palm surface of the distal end finger joint, and it is expressed as a horizontal white line in the fingerprint mark, if the fold line is a straight line with clear trend, the line is directly used as the base line, but the line is not necessarily straight, so it is necessary to make a straight line bisecting the upper and lower line segments at the middle point of the white line, which is the base line needed by all fingerprints, if the fold line is irregular, it is identified as a, the longest and thickest fold line as the flexor line, b, if the fold line is scattered, it finds the line segment with most obvious fold, and makes the extension line of the line, which is the flexor line, c, if the fold line is scattered, the starting point at both sides of the fold line is found, the connecting line of the flexor line is the flexor line, ⑵ reference point, a, the inflection point is protruded on the connecting line of the top point of the head of the center line, c, the center point of the center line or the center point of the center line, the center point of the center line, and the center point of the triangle mark of the triangle, and the triangle mark of the center point of the triangle, and the index of the center point of the triangle, and the three steps of the three steps are used for understanding the relationship between the three steps of the fingerprint analysis, and the three steps, and the analysis of the analysis.

2. A method for marking 6-bit characters on fingerprints according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the contents in the table are general features of fingerprints, different types of fingerprints are different from each other in specific marks, the ten-finger fingerprints are arranged in a sequence of left-right first and then big-back second, so that the convention is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (left-hand thumb, index, middle-ring and little-finger respectively), 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 (right-hand thumb, index, middle-ring and little-finger respectively), the notation is provided, such as T (forked triangle), DEG (dotted line) and the like, the ten-finger fingerprints are arranged in a sequence of left-right first and then left-right without additional marks, the description of related contents in the table is as follows, the meaning of ⑴ "fingerprint type" and "positive-negative (ruler, radius) attribute" C, O, A, OC, AC and the like "C, O, OC, AC and the first term represents a specific category of the fingerprint, wherein the" C "represents a full-circle" C "and" C.