CN110716152A - Method for monitoring turn-to-turn short circuit of generator by impedance frequency spectrum - Google Patents
Method for monitoring turn-to-turn short circuit of generator by impedance frequency spectrum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for monitoring turn-to-turn short circuit of a generator by impedance frequency spectrum, which comprises the following steps: step 1, collecting generator terminal current, coupling capacitor current in a generator enclosed bus and voltage to ground of an injection signal generator terminal; step 2, inputting the collected generator terminal current, the coupling capacitor current in the generator enclosed bus and the voltage data of the injected signal generator terminal to earth into a parameter adjustable generator low-frequency-high-frequency winding impedance parameter model to obtain an impedance frequency spectrum when the generator normally operates and is in turn-to-turn short circuit; and 3, drawing a spectrum-impedance winding coupling curve based on the impedance spectrum of the generator in normal operation and in turn-to-turn short circuit, and monitoring the generator stator turn-to-turn short circuit fault through the spectrum-impedance winding coupling curve. The method can improve the reliability and the availability of the operation of the generator, and realize the inter-turn insulation monitoring of different insulation media by evaluating the insulation fault of the stator medium of the generator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of turn-to-turn short circuit monitoring of a generator, and particularly relates to a method for monitoring turn-to-turn short circuit of the generator through impedance spectrum.
Background
In industry, alternating current motors are widely used in the fields of water pumps, fans, machine tools, compressors and the like, and in recent years, with the popularization of new energy, alternating current motors also play an increasingly important role in applications such as wind power generation and electric vehicles. During the operation of a large generator, the winding of the generator is necessarily affected by various factors such as an electromagnetic field, a temperature field, mechanical stress, a surrounding humid environment and the like. When the generator is operated in such a state for a long time, the insulation of the winding is easily damaged, and once the insulation of the winding is damaged, the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the winding can be caused. And along with the long-term operation of a large-scale generator, the probability of the occurrence of winding turn-to-turn short circuit fault is gradually increased.
The turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the generator winding mainly refers to a turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the stator winding and a turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the excitation winding. Stator winding turn-to-turn short circuit faults are one of the common faults of generators. In the event of a fault, the shorted faulty winding will pass a large short circuit current and generate a destructive electromagnetic force. Meanwhile, the temperature rise of the winding is caused, and the winding and the iron core are even burnt in severe cases. In addition, the negative sequence magnetic field generated by the fault may exceed the design tolerance of the generator, thereby seriously damaging the rotor core. The turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the excitation winding in the turn-to-turn short circuit fault of the generator winding can bring certain harm to the generator set. If the vibration of the rotor of the generator exceeds the standard during the fault, the rotor winding is short-circuited to the ground during the serious fault, and a series of hazards such as burning loss of the rotor winding, loss of the magnetic field of the generator, large shaft magnetization and the like are caused.
Stator short-circuit faults are usually represented by a gradual process with a slowly degrading insulation capacity. Under severe working conditions, when the insulation capacity of the winding is reduced to a certain degree, weak external stress (overheating, vibration, voltage shock and the like) can cause local turn-to-turn short circuit. At present, methods for monitoring the turn-to-turn short circuit of the generator include a negative sequence current method, a current harmonic method, a current vector method, a zero sequence voltage method, a back electromotive force method, an instantaneous power method, a motor parameter method, a control signal method, a high-frequency injection method, a magnetic flux detection method, an advanced signal processing method, an artificial intelligence method and the like.
(1) Negative sequence current method: three-phase currents of a normally operated motor usually keep a balanced state with equal amplitude and 120 degrees of phase difference, and turn-to-turn short circuit can introduce a negative sequence current component into the motor. The theory of the non-invasive diagnosis algorithm based on the negative sequence current is mature and is convenient to realize, but the method has certain limitation in the practical application process. Unbalanced voltage, asymmetric stators also introduce a negative sequence current component, reducing the reliability of the diagnostics.
(2) Current harmonic method: upon failure, the magnetomotive force of the shorted coil can introduce additional harmonic components in the air gap field, where: magnetic field harmonics that match the pole pair number induce current harmonics at the corresponding frequencies in the stator windings. In a permanent magnet motor, a fault can introduce fractional harmonics and saturated harmonics into a current, but harmonic components introduced by disturbance such as rotor eccentricity and load fluctuation are easily confused with the fault characteristics. In addition, in the embedded permanent magnet motor, under the influence of an uneven air gap, the frequency of the characteristic harmonic is relatively dispersed, and the amplitude is obviously weakened, so that the reliability of fault detection is reduced.
(3) A current vector method: the current vectors integrate fault information contained in the three-phase current, so that the sensitivity and reliability of monitoring can be enhanced. The diagnosis method based on the extended vector has high sensitivity to initial faults, is convenient to extract and has certain inhibition capacity to voltage unbalance. However, in a closed-loop system, the relationship between the harmonic and the degree of failure is significantly changed due to the strong harmonic suppression capability of the current regulator.
(4) A zero-sequence voltage method: stator faults introduce a zero sequence component in the voltage signal. The fault diagnosis technology based on the zero sequence voltage has small calculated amount and high sensitivity, is simultaneously suitable for the alternating current motor supplied by a power grid and an inverter, and is not easily influenced by load change and voltage unbalance. The method needs to calibrate the asymmetry degree of the resistance network in advance, so that the engineering complexity is increased, and the reliability of the system is reduced.
(5) Back electromotive force method: because the fault characteristics of the closed-loop motor system are distributed in the voltage and current signals at the same time, comprehensive fault information cannot be obtained by singly measuring certain signals. The characteristic harmonic of the instantaneous reactive signal has small influence on load change and has good immune effect on the change of motor parameters. However, the amplitude of the characteristic harmonic in the power and torque signals can be obviously changed by the change of the rotating speed, and the fluctuation of the load is common in the actual operation process, so that the method is not easy to obtain the fault index independent of the operation condition.
(7) A motor parameter method: the motor parameters will change gradually with the generation of the turn-to-turn short circuit. Therefore, the motor parameter identification is realized by using the measuring signal, the motor state information with practical physical significance can be obtained according to the type of the motor parameter, and the method mainly comprises two parts of impedance parameter and model parameter. Since the identification result of the fault state variable is obviously affected by the motor parameters, a multi-parameter parallel identification technology needs to be comprehensively used to avoid identification errors. However, stator asymmetry and turn-to-turn short circuit have similarity in model structure, so in order to avoid confusion, the identification process has high requirements on the accuracy of the fault model.
(8) The control signal method comprises the following steps: in order to reduce equipment costs and avoid hardware changes, some sites often prefer to use non-intrusive fault diagnosis methods. The method is convenient to implement, and diagnosis work can be directly carried out in the original control system. However, the controller parameters significantly affect the relationship between the characteristic components and the degree of failure, and the related decoupling algorithm needs to be further researched.
(9) High-frequency injection method: in the diagnosis method based on the fundamental voltage and current characteristics, the influence of the motor speed, the load and the closed-loop controller on the diagnosis result is usually obvious. The additional injected signal not only introduces significant electromagnetic noise, but also creates additional system parasitic losses.
(10) A magnetic flux detection method: after a turn-to-turn short circuit fault occurs in the motor, the short-circuited winding section can be regarded as an additional coil, and the short-circuit current in the additional coil can generate a unipolar magnetic field in the air gap of the motor. The positioning of the faulty winding can also be achieved by increasing the number of detection coils, but this method requires the installation of a detection device in advance, and is therefore relatively inconvenient to apply.
(11) Advanced signal processing method: the fault characteristic amplitude of the initial stage is weak and is easily submerged by external noise. In order to enhance the reliability of signal extraction, researchers introduce advanced signal processing algorithms into the fault diagnosis process, and substitute the advanced signal processing algorithms for traditional algorithms such as DFT, FFT and PSD. By using the advanced signal processing algorithm, the signal problems of frequency spectrum leakage, noise inundation and the like can be solved, and the performance of fault diagnosis is enhanced. However, part of the algorithm software is heavy in load and has high requirements on the performance of the processor, and efficient signal extraction algorithms still need to be further researched in practical application.
(12) An artificial intelligence method: in recent years, with the rapid development of machine learning, advanced diagnostic algorithms including artificial neural networks, bayesian classifiers, fuzzy logic, support vector machines and the like have attracted more and more attention. The early training of the artificial intelligence method is time-consuming, and the actual measurement data under various conditions such as normal conditions, faults and the like need to be provided at the same time, so that a great deal of inconvenience still exists in the actual engineering application process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for monitoring turn-to-turn short circuit of a generator by using impedance frequency spectrum, so that the conventional method for monitoring the turn-to-turn short circuit of a stator of the generator is optimized, and the monitoring accuracy is improved.
The invention provides a method for monitoring turn-to-turn short circuit of a generator by impedance spectrum, which comprises the following steps:
and 3, drawing a spectrum-impedance winding coupling curve based on the impedance spectrum of the generator in normal operation and in turn-to-turn short circuit, and monitoring the generator stator turn-to-turn short circuit fault through the spectrum-impedance winding coupling curve.
Further, in the step 1, the coupling capacitor current in the generator closed bus is acquired through a current sensor, and the voltage to ground at the end of the injection signal generator is acquired through a high-precision voltage measuring device; the current sensor integrally surrounds the three-phase cable of the generator.
Further, in step 2, a phasor machine is adopted to train the model data so that the data result matches the generator low-frequency-high-frequency winding impedance parameter model with the changed stator inter-turn insulation condition.
By means of the scheme, the reliability and the usability of the operation of the generator can be improved by the method for monitoring the turn-to-turn short circuit of the generator through the impedance spectrum, and the turn-to-turn insulation monitoring of different insulation media is realized by evaluating the insulation fault of the stator medium of the generator.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of impedance spectroscopy monitoring for turn-to-turn short circuits in a generator in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an exemplary generator stator winding insulation configuration;
FIG. 3 is a generator stator double layer lap winding model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the rotating magnetomotive force of the stator windings of the generator;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of stator winding slot leakage flux;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of leakage flux from the stator winding tips;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a method of impedance spectroscopy monitoring for generator turn-to-turn short circuits in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a model diagram of the "low frequency-high frequency" winding impedance parameters of the generator of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for monitoring a turn-to-turn short circuit of a generator by using an impedance spectrum, including the following steps:
step S1, collecting the current at the generator end, the coupling capacitor current in the generator enclosed bus and the voltage to ground injected into the generator end;
step S2, inputting the collected generator terminal current, the coupling capacitor current in the generator enclosed bus and the voltage data of the injected signal generator terminal to earth into a parameter adjustable generator low-frequency-high-frequency winding impedance parameter model to obtain the impedance frequency spectrum when the generator normally operates and the inter-turn short circuit occurs;
and step S3, drawing a spectrum-impedance winding coupling curve based on the impedance spectrum when the generator normally operates and the inter-turn short circuit, and monitoring the inter-turn short circuit fault of the stator of the generator through the spectrum-impedance winding coupling curve.
By the method for monitoring the turn-to-turn short circuit of the generator through the impedance frequency spectrum, the reliability and the usability of the operation of the generator can be improved, and the turn-to-turn insulation monitoring of different insulation media is realized by evaluating the insulation fault of the stator medium of the generator.
In this embodiment, in step S1, the coupling capacitor current in the generator closed bus is acquired by a current sensor, and the voltage to ground at the end of the injection signal generator is acquired by a high-precision voltage measurement device; the current sensor integrally surrounds the three-phase cable of the generator.
In this embodiment, in step S2, the model data is trained using a phasor machine to match the data result to a generator low-frequency-high-frequency winding impedance parameter model with a changed stator inter-turn insulation condition.
The present invention is described in further detail below.
A common structure of a generator double-winding stator insulation is shown in fig. 2, wherein 1 is a groove bottom filler strip, 2 is a strand insulation, 3 is a turn-to-turn insulation, 4 is an interlayer filler strip, 5 is a main insulation, 6 is an iron core, 7 is a semiconductor coating, 8 is a wedge lower filler strip, and 9 is a groove wedge. Motor stator insulation is susceptible to degradation from a variety of factors, including temperature overheating, mechanical vibration, and voltage surges from the inverter switching process. The motor insulation fault mainly comprises faults of main insulation, turn-to-turn insulation, phase-to-phase insulation and the like. Insulation faults typically develop from turn-to-turn short circuit faults. When the turn-to-turn short circuit occurs, a large circulating current is generated in the short-circuit coil, and a large amount of heat is generated, so that the main insulation and the interphase insulation are damaged. The process is generally required to be 20-60 s in a small motor from the beginning of the fault to the serious insulation fault, and the process can be developed more quickly for a motor with a higher voltage class.
The windings of the generator are mostly double-layer lap windings, the structure diagram is shown in fig. 3, the induced electromotive force is formula (1), and the short pitch coefficient of the stator windings of the generator is considered. The effective value of the harmonic electromotive force of the generator is shown in formula (2), fvAre harmonic frequencies.
E＝4.44fN1φ1ky1kq1＝4.44fN1φ1kN1(1)
Eφv＝4.44fv·w·kNv·φv(2)。
The invention relates to a method for monitoring turn-to-turn short circuit of a generator by impedance frequency spectrum, which has the following requirements:
1. the generator dynamic rotation model (shown in figure 4) is analyzed by combining the generator stator insulation structure model and the winding structure model, and the following results are obtained:
(1) the fundamental wave of the three-phase synthetic magnetomotive force is a rotating wave with constant amplitude;
(2) the electric angle of the current passing through in time, the rotating magnetomotive force rotates the electric angle with the same value in space;
(3) the rotating speed of the rotary magnetomotive force is synchronous rotating speed;
(4) the rotating magnetomotive force is turned to the phase winding axis where the lagging phase current is located from the phase winding axis where the leading phase current is located, and when a certain phase current reaches the maximum value, the amplitude of the rotating magnetomotive force just turns to the axis of the wire winding;
(5) when the phase sequence of the current is changed, the rotating magnetomotive force changes direction.
2. The stator winding leakage flux can be divided into slot leakage flux and harmonic leakage flux. The slot leakage flux is the leakage flux that crosses from one wall of the slot to the other wall of the slot, the form of which is shown in fig. 5; harmonic leakage flux is the leakage flux of the end part of the interturn winding, which is generated by harmonic magnetic potential, and when the motor runs normally, the harmonic flux can not generate useful torque, and the end part leakage flux mode is shown in figure 6.
The same magnitude of the leakage flux of the stator winding of the generator is mainly determined by current frequency, the number of turns of the winding and the magnetic resistance of a leakage magnetic path, and is concretely shown in a formula (3).
Therefore, the embodiment provides an impedance spectrum detection method for monitoring the turn-to-turn short circuit of the generator. When the turn-to-turn short circuit occurs to the stator winding of the generator, the impedance frequency spectrum can be slightly changed, the current with small amplitude (mA level) of high frequency (hundreds of kHz) is accurately measured, so that the online measurement of the insulation leakage current is realized, the three-phase cable is integrally surrounded by the current sensor, the mutual offset of positive sequence current magnetic fields and negative sequence current magnetic fields is realized, the common mode current is directly measured, the acquired voltage and current information is transmitted to a generator impedance frequency spectrum system for calculation and analysis, a generator stator turn-to-turn short circuit impedance frequency spectrum graph is drawn, and the monitoring of the turn-to-turn short circuit state of the generator stator is realized. The specific mode is shown in figure 7. Where V1 is the voltage output by the signal generator (injected into the signal generator terminal ground voltage), I2 is the current through the coupling capacitor circuit (coupling capacitor current in the generator enclosed bus), and I1 is the three-phase output current of the generator (generator terminal current).
The method comprises the steps of collecting generator terminal current, collecting coupling capacitor current in a generator closed bus and injecting the voltage to ground of a signal generator, sending collected voltage signals and current signals to a generator impedance frequency spectrum calculation system, building a generator low-frequency-high-frequency winding impedance parameter model (shown in figure 8) with adjustable parameters in the generator impedance frequency spectrum calculation system, injecting collected parameters into the generator low-frequency-high-frequency winding impedance model to obtain impedance frequency spectrums of the generator in normal operation and inter-turn short circuit, comparing the two impedance frequency spectrums, drawing a frequency spectrum-impedance winding coupling curve, and visually checking the severity of the inter-turn short circuit of a generator stator through the curve. The specific parameter requirements are as follows:
v1 and I2 can be determined by a high precision voltage measurement device (voltmeter) and a current sensor. The impedance with respect to ground is calculated from V1 and I2. When the impedance of the power grid side is too low, a decoupling circuit needs to be added to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Although the signal generator is capable of monitoring a wide range of impedances, selecting the test frequency can improve the accuracy of system operation. One having access to the computing system may modify the generator's insulation parameters (e.g., turn-to-turn resistance, turn-to-turn point capacitance, etc.).
The invention has the following technical effects:
1) the impedance change is monitored in a wide frequency range by adopting a high-precision voltage measuring device and a current sensor, so that the injection frequency is sensitive to the change of an insulation condition, a measuring signal is real enough, and the noise influence during the running of the generator can be greatly filtered.
2) And training data by adopting a phasor machine, so that a data result is well matched with a low-frequency-high-frequency winding impedance parameter model with a changed stator turn-to-turn insulation condition.
3) Aiming at different generator stator insulation parameters, a generator low-frequency-high-frequency winding impedance parameter model is adjustable, a system model is changed from a solid state to a dynamic model, and the method can be better applied to the inter-turn insulation monitoring of the generator stator in different insulation forms.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for monitoring turn-to-turn short circuit of a generator by impedance frequency spectrum is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting generator terminal current, coupling capacitor current in a generator enclosed bus and voltage to ground of an injection signal generator terminal;
step 2, inputting the collected generator terminal current, the coupling capacitor current in the generator enclosed bus and the voltage data of the injected signal generator terminal to earth into a parameter adjustable generator low-frequency-high-frequency winding impedance parameter model to obtain an impedance frequency spectrum when the generator normally operates and is in turn-to-turn short circuit;
and 3, drawing a spectrum-impedance winding coupling curve based on the impedance spectrum of the generator in normal operation and in turn-to-turn short circuit, and monitoring the generator stator turn-to-turn short circuit fault through the spectrum-impedance winding coupling curve.
2. The method for impedance spectroscopy monitoring of the turn-to-turn short circuit of the generator according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the coupling capacitor current in the closed bus of the generator is acquired by a current sensor, and the voltage to ground at the end of the injection signal generator is acquired by a high-precision voltage measuring device; the current sensor integrally surrounds the three-phase cable of the generator.
3. The method for impedance spectroscopy monitoring generator turn-to-turn short circuit according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, a phasor machine is used to train model data so that the data result matches a generator low-frequency-high-frequency winding impedance parameter model with changed stator turn-to-turn insulation conditions.
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| CN111123105A (en) * | 2020-02-14 | 2020-05-08 | 东南大学 | Motor turn-to-turn short circuit fault diagnosis method based on high-frequency signal injection |
| CN113805056A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-17 | 中车大连电力牵引研发中心有限公司 | Method for intelligently monitoring insulation fault of traction motor on line |
| CN113901696A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-01-07 | 东方电气集团东方电机有限公司 | Variable frequency motor stator winding voltage analysis method based on wide frequency domain model |
| WO2023159770A1 (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2023-08-31 | 华能铜川照金煤电有限公司 | Motor rotor winding state detection system and method |
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| WO2023159770A1 (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2023-08-31 | 华能铜川照金煤电有限公司 | Motor rotor winding state detection system and method |
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