CN110715869A

CN110715869A - Hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed

Info

Publication number: CN110715869A
Application number: CN201911104479.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 呼咏; 杨子龙; 田济语; 王茂森; 李茂森; 刘新; 李妍; 翟优
Original assignee: Jilin University
Current assignee: Jilin University
Priority date: 2019-11-13
Filing date: 2019-11-13
Publication date: 2020-01-21

Abstract

The invention discloses a hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed, which aims to solve the problems that the existing hard rock tunneling hob test bed generally replaces rotary cutting with linear cutting, cannot simulate the working environment and conditions of a hob and rocks, is short in service life and low in reliability, and comprises 2 sets of motor driving units, a main shaft unit, a cutter unit, a longitudinal loading moving unit and a confining pressure temperature loading unit; the main shaft unit comprises an outer sleeve and a transition disc; the longitudinal loading moving unit comprises an upper flat plate and a lower flat plate; the longitudinal loading moving unit is arranged on the foundation through a lower flat plate, and the upper flat plate is arranged right above the lower flat plate in parallel; the main shaft unit is arranged at the center of the upper flat plate through an outer sleeve; the 2 sets of motor driving units are symmetrically arranged at the top ends of the upper flat plates at the two sides of the main shaft unit respectively through the motor fixing frames; the cutter unit is arranged on the transition disc through a cutter disc therein; and the confining pressure temperature loading unit is arranged on the lower flat plate.

Description

Hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cutter testing device for tunnel engineering, in particular to a rotary cutting test bed for a hard rock tunneling hob.

Background

In tunnel excavation engineering, underground engineering and water diversion channel excavation engineering, a hard rock tunneling machine (TBM) is used for performing hole tunneling work aiming at deeper and harder rock stratums in a mountain and the underground, and the method is superior to the traditional drilling and blasting method in the aspects of tunneling efficiency, safety and the like, so that the TBM is widely applied. The TBM has the working principle that a plurality of hobbing cutters rotatably invade rocks under the combined action of propulsion load and torque, the rocks between the two hobbing cutters are cracked under the rolling action, and the plurality of hobbing cutters jointly act on the rock tunnel face to crack the rocks layer by layer, so that the aim of tunneling is fulfilled. In the tunneling engineering, the working environment of the hob is very severe, the mechanical property of the hob can be changed by heat generated by rolling rocks by the hob for a long time, the confining pressure born by a deeper rock stratum can also change the strength of the rocks, and finally the abrasion of the hob is serious. In actual working conditions, due to the difference of rock types and tunneling parameters, the wear and failure modes of the TBM hob are different. Once the TBM fails, the hob cannot work normally, so that the hob must be monitored from time to time, maintenance and replacement are performed immediately after the hob fails, the hob needs to be replaced once every 2.5 meters of TBM in the tunneling project at the exit of the Qinling tunnel according to statistics, in the actual project, the cost consumed by replacing and maintaining the hob reaches one third of that of the whole project, and the failure of the hob becomes an important factor for limiting the tunneling efficiency of the TBM. Therefore, researches on abrasion and rock breaking mechanisms of the hob, searching for specific matching characteristics of hob materials and rock types and the like are increasingly the focus of domestic and foreign researches, and have important significance for improving TBM tunneling efficiency.

At present, foreign research on the performances of the hobbing cutter of the hard rock heading machine mainly comprises American Robins company, Laoyuan mining university, shah rod science and technology university and the like, and domestic research institutions mainly comprise China-south university, Western-An traffic university, northeast industry university and the like. Most of the existing TBM cutter test beds carry out linear cutting tests, and the test beds simulate the rotary cutting motion of a hob under real working conditions by utilizing linear cutting, and mainly observe a cut rock sample and analyze the stress and wear mechanism of the hob. In order to simplify the test, most of the existing test benches do not consider the influence of confining pressure and temperature on the cutter and the rock sample, and the rotary cutting is replaced by linear cutting, so that the test benches cannot truly reflect the real rock breaking action and the working environment of the hob. In order to better simulate the actual working condition of a hob on a hard rock heading machine, a hard rock heading hob rotary cutting test bed is designed, the test bed can apply temperature and confining pressure, and the test bed has good reliability and long service life.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed replaces rotary cutting with linear cutting, cannot simulate the working environment and conditions (temperature and confining pressure) of a hard rock tunneling hob and rocks, has short service life and is poor in reliability in order to simplify the test ubiquitous problems, and the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed is provided.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed comprises 2 sets of motor driving units with the same structure, a main shaft unit, a cutter unit, a longitudinal loading moving unit and a confining pressure temperature loading unit;

the spindle unit comprises an outer sleeve and a transition disc;

the longitudinal loading moving unit comprises an upper flat plate and a lower flat plate;

the longitudinal loading moving unit is arranged on the foundation through a lower flat plate, an upper flat plate is arranged right above the lower flat plate, and the upper flat plate and the lower flat plate are parallel to each other; 2 sets of motor driving units with the same structure are respectively arranged at the top end of the upper flat plate in a bilateral symmetry manner through a motor fixing frame; the main shaft unit is arranged at the center of the upper flat plate through an outer sleeve and is positioned between 2 sets of motor driving units with the same structure; the cutter unit is arranged on the transition disc through a cutter disc therein, and the rotation center lines of the main shaft unit and the cutter unit are collinear; and the confining pressure temperature loading unit is arranged on the lower flat plate.

The motor driving unit in the technical scheme also comprises a motor, a speed reducer and a pinion; the motor fixing frame is an L-shaped nonstandard plate structural member and consists of a base, a supporting wall and a reinforcing rib plate, wherein the base and the supporting wall are rectangular plates, the reinforcing rib plate is a right-angled triangular plate, through holes for mounting bolts are uniformly distributed on the base, bolt through holes for mounting a speed reducer are formed in the upper end of the supporting wall, the bottom end of the supporting wall is vertically connected with one end of the base, the left end surface of the supporting wall is coplanar with the left end surface of the base, and the reinforcing rib plate is mounted between and fixedly connected with the right end surface of the supporting wall and the top end surface of the base; the speed reducer is vertically fixed on a supporting wall of the motor fixing frame by adopting bolts, an output shaft end of the motor is connected with an input shaft end of the speed reducer by adopting a coupling, and the pinion is sleeved on an output end of an output shaft of the speed reducer.

The main shaft unit in the technical scheme further comprises an upper shaft end circular retaining ring, a large gear, a main shaft, an upper bearing end cover, a cylindrical roller bearing, 2 tapered roller bearings with the same structure, a lower bearing end cover and a thrust ball bearing; the main shaft is vertically arranged in a three-section stepped hole on the outer sleeve, the large gear is sleeved on a 1-section shaft of the main shaft, the main shaft and the large gear are connected through a key, an upper shaft end circular retaining ring is arranged at the top end of a hub of the main shaft and the large gear, the bottom end surface of the upper shaft end circular retaining ring is contacted with the top end surface of the hub of the large gear, an upper shaft end retaining ring is fixedly connected with the top end of the main shaft through a bolt, and the bottom end surface of the hub of the large gear is contacted with a shaft shoulder at the; the cylindrical roller bearing is arranged on a shaft with 3 sections of the main shaft, the bottom end surface of an inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing is contacted with a shaft shoulder formed by the shaft with 3 sections of the main shaft and a shaft with 4 sections of the main shaft, the top end surface of an outer ring of the cylindrical roller bearing is contacted and positioned with the bottom end surface of a central flange of an end cover of an upper bearing sleeved on the shaft with 2 sections of the main shaft, and the end cover of the upper bearing is connected with the top end of an outer sleeve by bolts;

2 tapered roller bearings with the same structure are sequentially arranged on a 5-section shaft and a 7-section shaft of the main shaft, the bottom end surface of an inner ring of the upper tapered roller bearing is contacted and positioned with a shaft shoulder formed by the 5-section shaft and the 6-section shaft of the main shaft, and the top end surface of an outer ring of the upper tapered roller bearing is contacted and positioned with a boss formed by a 2-section hole and a 3-section hole in the center of the outer sleeve; the top end face of the inner ring of the lower tapered roller bearing is in contact with a shaft shoulder formed by a shaft with 6 sections and a shaft with 7 sections of the main shaft, the bottom end face of the outer ring of the lower tapered roller bearing is in contact with and positioned at the top end face of a central flange of a lower bearing end cover sleeved on the shaft with 8 sections of the main shaft, the outer ring of the lower tapered roller bearing is in contact with 3 sections of holes in a three-section stepped hole of the outer sleeve, and the lower bearing end cover is fixedly connected with the outer sleeve by bolts; the transition disc is sleeved on the 8-section shaft of the main shaft, a boss at the top end of the transition disc and a boss on a bottom disc of the lower bearing end cover enable the thrust ball bearing to be positioned together, the transition disc is connected with the bottom end of the main shaft through bolts, the transition disc is connected with the main shaft (203) through keys, and the rotation axes of the large gear, the main shaft, the outer sleeve, the upper bearing end cover, the lower bearing end cover, the thrust ball bearing and the transition disc are collinear.

The main shaft is an 8-section type straight rod nonstandard stepped shaft, the shaft is sequentially from 1 section of shaft to 8 sections of shaft from top to bottom, the diameter of the shaft from 1 section of shaft to 6 sections of shaft is sequentially increased, the diameter of the shaft from 6 sections of shaft to 8 sections of shaft is sequentially reduced, the adjacent two sections of shafts form a shaft shoulder for axially positioning related parts due to the diameter difference, and key grooves and threaded holes for connecting a large gear, a transition disc and an upper shaft end circular retainer ring are axially arranged on the shaft from 1 section of shaft to 8 sections of shaft and on the top end surface and the bottom end surface of the shaft.

The technical scheme in the outer sleeve be a hollow non-standard rotating body spare, constitute by barrel and circular flange dish, the bottom of barrel is linked into an organic whole with the center department of ring flange, the axis of revolution collineation of barrel and ring flange, the center department of outer sleeve (207) is provided with the syllogic shoulder hole, from top to bottom be 1 section hole to 3 sections holes in proper order, the diameter in 1 section hole to 3 sections holes increases in proper order, be provided with the screw hole of 6 equipartitions evenly at the top of barrel, be provided with two sets of unthreaded holes inside and outside on the circular flange dish, every unthreaded hole of group is evenly arranged on the circular flange dish.

The transition disc is a cylindrical rotating body, a top end circular groove is formed in the top end of the transition disc, two-section stepped blind holes are formed in the peripheral groove wall of the top end circular groove from top to bottom, the diameter of the first section of hole is larger than that of the second section of hole, and a boss for mounting and positioning a thrust ball bearing is formed by the first section of hole and the second section of hole due to the diameter difference; a disc boss and a ring barrel are arranged in the center of the top circular groove from bottom to top, the top end of the disc boss and the bottom end of the ring barrel are connected into a whole, a key groove is axially formed in the barrel wall of the ring barrel, the peripheral groove wall of the top circular groove, the disc boss and the rotation axis of the ring barrel are collinear, and the height of the ring barrel is greater than that of the peripheral groove wall of the top circular groove; 4 smooth through holes with the same structure and used for connecting the transition disc with the bottom end of the main shaft by bolts are uniformly distributed on a disc boss in the circular cylinder; the bottom end of the transition disc is provided with a bottom end circular groove for placing a bolt; and 6 threaded holes which have the same structure and are used for fixing the cutter head are uniformly arranged around the circular groove at the bottom end of the transition disc.

The cutter unit in the technical scheme also comprises 1 to 3 sets of cutter devices with the same structure, wherein: each set of cutter device comprises a connecting sliding plate, a three-way force sensor, a cutter frame, a wedge block and a hob; the blade disc be the cylindrical solid of revolution structure of 3 sections ladder formula nonstandard, the diameter of first section solid of revolution to third section solid of revolution from top to bottom is from big to little big again, wherein: the diameter of the second section of revolving body is the smallest, the diameter of the third section of revolving body is the largest, the diameter of the first section of revolving body is between the diameters of the second section of revolving body and the third section of revolving body, the first section of revolving body to the third section of revolving body are sequentially connected into a whole, and the revolving axes of the first section of revolving body to the third section of revolving body are collinear; the periphery of the first section of revolution body is uniformly provided with 6 smooth through holes with the same structure along the axial direction, bolts are inserted into the 6 smooth through holes with the same structure to fix the cutter head on a transition disc in a main shaft unit, the top end of the cutter head, namely the center of the first section of revolution body and the second section of revolution body, is provided with a groove for lightening the quality of parts, 6 groups of 2T-shaped grooves which are parallel to each other and are used for placing T-shaped bolts are processed at the bottom end of the third section of revolution body of the cutter head, and the included angle of two adjacent groups of T-shaped grooves is 60 degrees;

1 to 3 connecting sliding plates with the same structure in the cutter devices with the same structure are fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the cutter head by adopting T-shaped bolts and T-shaped grooves, one ends of 1 to 3 three-way force sensors with the same structure are connected with 1 to 3 connecting sliding plates with the same structure by adopting bolts, and the other ends of 1 to 3 three-way force sensors with the same structure are connected with 1 to 3 cutter racks with the same structure by adopting bolts; 1 to 3 hobs with the same structure are arranged in the grooves on 1 to 3 tool rests with the same structure through 1 to 3 wedge blocks with the same structure, and the inclined planes of the 1 to 3 wedge blocks with the same structure are contacted with the inclined planes on the hob shafts of the hobs in the hobs.

The longitudinal loading moving unit in the technical scheme further comprises a displacement sensor, 4 linear bearings with the same structure, 4 upright posts with the same structure, 4 fixed cylinders with the same structure and 2 longitudinal hydraulic cylinders with the same structure; the 4 linear bearings with the same structure are arranged in the 4 light through holes with the same structure at the four corners of the upper flat plate, and the 4 linear bearings with the same structure are in clearance fit with the 4 light through holes with the same structure at the four corners of the upper flat plate and are fixed by bolts; the upper flat plate is sleeved on 4 stand columns with the same structure through 4 linear bearings with the same structure at four corners, the 4 linear bearings with the same structure are in sliding fit with the 4 stand columns with the same structure, the lower ends of the 4 stand columns with the same structure are installed in unthreaded holes at the top ends of the 4 fixed cylinders with the same structure, the 4 stand columns with the same structure are in interference fit with the 4 fixed cylinders with the same structure, and the 4 fixed cylinders with the same structure are arranged at the four corners of the lower flat plate; the linear bearings, the upright posts and the fixed cylinder rotation axes are collinear, and the four groups of linear bearings, the upright posts and the fixed cylinder rotation axes are parallel to each other and are vertical to the upper flat plate and the lower flat plate; the bottom of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder is connected with the lower flat plate through bolts, the flange at the top of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder is connected with the upper flat plate through bolts, 2 longitudinal hydraulic cylinders with the same structure are arranged in a bilateral symmetry mode, namely 1 longitudinal hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the middle of 2 fixed cylinders with the same structure on the left side, and the other 1 longitudinal hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the middle of 2 fixed cylinders with the same structure on the right side.

The confining pressure temperature loading unit comprises a confining pressure loading device and a temperature loading device; the confining pressure loading device also comprises 4 transverse hydraulic cylinders with the same structure, 2 push plates with the same structure, a bottom plate and a side plate; 2 transverse hydraulic cylinders with the same structure in the X direction and 2 transverse hydraulic cylinders with the same structure in the Y direction are fixed on the upper surface of the lower flat plate by bolts, each transverse hydraulic cylinder is arranged at the position corresponding to 4 groups of threaded holes which are distributed in a rectangular manner in the X, Y direction of the lower flat plate, a flange plate at the front end of each transverse hydraulic cylinder with the same structure in the X direction is connected with a push plate in the X direction in a welding manner, and a flange plate at the front end of each transverse hydraulic cylinder with the same structure in the Y direction is connected with the push plate in the Y direction in a welding manner; the bottom plate is welded at the central position of the lower flat plate, the side plate is installed on the front end face of the bottom plate by adopting a bolt, and 2 push plates with the same structure, the bottom plate and the side plate jointly form a rectangular confining pressure loading bin for placing a rock sample; the rock sample tested by the test bed is a rectangular rock block, the size of the bottom surface of the rock sample is matched with the size of the long side wall of the bottom plate, and the height of the rock sample is matched with the short side wall of the bottom plate;

the temperature loading device comprises an electric heating sheet with a power supply and the same structure as the 12 electric heating sheets; the power is installed in the right lower corner of dull and stereotyped down, and 12 electric heating pieces that the structure is the same divide into three groups and paste in rock sample bottom, and the rock sample who pastes 12 electric heating pieces that the structure is the same is packed into in the confined pressure loading storehouse, and three groups are totally 12 electric heating pieces that the structure is the same and the recess on the bottom plate is corresponding, and the power is connected with three groups totally 12 electric heating piece line that the structure is the same.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the rotary cutting test bed of the hard rock tunneling hob can realize rotary rock breaking movement of the hob, the hob not only surrounds the self-transmission of the cutter shaft but also surrounds the revolution of the main shaft, and rock breaking action of the hob of the hard rock tunneling machine under real working conditions is reduced;

2. the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed provided by the invention adopts multi-motor synchronous driving, solves the problem of power requirement of a plurality of hobs for rock breaking under the condition of limited space, adopts a mechanical synchronization mode to enable the rotating speeds of main shafts to be consistent, and ensures that the test rotating speed is stable and controllable;

3. the main shaft unit in the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed enables a main shaft to drive the cutter unit to carry out rotary rock breaking movement under the conditions of high longitudinal load and high torque, the transmission of the longitudinal load from a hydraulic cylinder to the cutter unit and the transmission of the torque from a motor to the cutter unit are realized, the torque loading and the vertical loading are not interfered with each other through the tapered roller bearing, the cylindrical roller bearing can guarantee the rotation precision of the main shaft and compensate the thermal deformation of the main shaft, the internal stress generated by heating of the main shaft is effectively reduced, and the main shaft is prevented from generating plastic deformation. The thrust bearing contained in the main shaft unit can effectively relieve the bias phenomenon when one or more hobbing cutters are tested to break rocks, and serious bias can cause overload deformation of the main shaft and failure of the connecting bolt, so that the test bed is damaged, the cutter test bed is ensured to have good reliability, and the service life of the test bed can be effectively prolonged;

4. the cutter unit in the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed can realize simultaneous rock breaking test of a plurality of hobs, and the distance angle of the cutters can be freely adjusted at 60 degrees, 120 degrees and 180 degrees. The radius of the cutter head is 840mm, the length of the track groove is 575mm, and the cutter spacing of each hob can be controlled in a stepless manner within 0-195 mm; the hob can be conveniently tested in various ways; when the radial position of the hob is adjusted, the hob does not need to be dismounted, the position of the hob can be moved after the nut between the connecting sliding plate and the hob disc is unscrewed, and the nut is locked again after the hob reaches the designated position to complete quick adjustment. The three-way force sensor is arranged on the tool rest, and can accurately measure the load data of each tool in the rock breaking process.

5. The longitudinal loading moving unit in the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed plays roles of longitudinal moving and longitudinal loading, the two longitudinal hydraulic cylinders which are symmetrically arranged can provide large-tonnage longitudinal load for a hob rock breaking test and can accurately control the longitudinal moving distance, and the 4 upright columns which are distributed around the test bed play a good role in guiding an upper flat plate of the test bed. The displacement sensor can accurately measure the displacement data of the hob when the hob breaks the rock.

6. The confining pressure temperature loading unit in the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed can load confining pressure and temperature on rock, and restore the real working environment of the hard rock tunneling machine. The lateral side plate fixed by the bolt can be freely detached, so that the rapid mounting and dismounting of the rock sample are realized. Three recesses are processed on the ground of the inverted L-shaped bottom plate at the bottom, enough space is reserved for pasting the heating plate, corresponding recesses are processed on the side plates, the leading-out of the heating plate wire is facilitated, and the wire is prevented from being damaged when the wire is loaded and confined. Two transverse hydraulic cylinders are respectively arranged in the X direction and the Y direction, so that sufficient confining pressure can be provided for the rock sample.

Drawings

The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is an axonometric view of the structure of the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the structure of the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a front view of the structure of a motor driving unit adopted in the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a full sectional view of a main shaft unit structure adopted in the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to the present invention in a front view;

FIG. 5 is an axonometric projection view of a main shaft unit in the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed after a transition disc in the main shaft unit is cut by one quarter;

FIG. 6 is a partial sectional view of the cutter unit structure adopted in the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a view at B-B in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is an axonometric view of the tool rest, wedge block and hob assembly in the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to the invention

FIG. 9 is a right side view of the structure of the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to the present invention;

fig. 10 is a front view of an upper plate in a longitudinal loading moving unit in the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to the present invention;

fig. 11 is a front view of a lower flat plate in a longitudinal loading moving unit in the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a view at A-A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 13 is a front view of the structural components of the confining pressure loading device after a side plate is detached and a rock sample is added in the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to the present invention;

fig. 14 is an axonometric view of a side plate of a temperature loading device in the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to the present invention;

fig. 15 is a schematic distribution diagram of electric heating sheets on a rock sample in a confining pressure loading device in a hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to the present invention;

in the figure: 1. the device comprises a motor driving unit, 101, a motor, 102, a speed reducer, 103, a motor fixing frame, 104, a pinion, 2, a main shaft unit, 201, an upper shaft end circular retainer ring, 202, a gearwheel, 203, a main shaft, 204, an upper bearing end cover, 205, a cylindrical roller bearing, 206, a tapered roller bearing, 207, an outer sleeve, 208, a lower bearing end cover, 209, a thrust ball bearing, 210, a transition disc, 3, a cutter unit, 301, a cutter disc, 302, a connecting sliding plate, 303, a three-way force sensor, 304, a cutter holder, 305, a wedge block, 306, a hob, 4, a longitudinal loading moving unit, 401, a displacement sensor, 402, an upper flat plate, 403, a linear bearing, 404, an upright post, 405, a longitudinal hydraulic cylinder, 406, a fixing cylinder, 407, a lower flat plate, 5, a confining pressure temperature loading unit, 501, a transverse hydraulic cylinder, 502, a push plate, 504, a side plate, 505, a power supply.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:

referring to fig. 1 and 2, the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed of the present invention includes 2 sets of motor driving units 1, a main shaft unit 2, a cutter unit 3, a longitudinal loading moving unit 4, and a confining pressure temperature loading unit 5 with the same structure.

Referring to fig. 3, the motor driving unit 1 includes a motor 101, a reducer 102, a motor holder 103, and a pinion gear 104.

The motor 101 is Y180L in type and belongs to a Y series three-phase asynchronous motor; the speed reducer 102 is RC137, belongs to a bevel gear speed reducer, and all the parts are standard parts.

The motor 101 provides power for the rotation movement, the reducer 102 plays the roles of reducing speed and increasing torque, and the torque for breaking rock can be further improved by meshing the pinion gear 104 with the gearwheel 202 in the main shaft unit 2, wherein the pinion gear 104 is a standard spur gear.

The motor fixing frame 103 is an L-shaped nonstandard plate structural member, the motor fixing frame 103 is composed of a base, a supporting wall and reinforcing rib plates, the base and the supporting wall are rectangular plates, the reinforcing rib plates are right-angled triangular plates, through holes for mounting bolts are uniformly arranged on the base, bolt through holes for mounting the speed reducer 102 are arranged at the upper end of the supporting wall, the bottom end of the supporting wall is vertically connected with one end of the base, the left end surface of the supporting wall is coplanar with the left end surface of the base, and the reinforcing rib plates are arranged between the right end surface of the supporting wall and the top end surface of the base and fixedly connected with the; the reinforcing rib plate is used for ensuring the integral strength of the motor fixing frame 103.

When the motor driving unit 1 is assembled, gaskets can be added between the base and the upper flat plate 402 and between the supporting wall and the speed reducer 102 in the motor fixing frame 103, and the gaskets are respectively used for adjusting and fixing the heights of the motor 101 and the speed reducer 102 and adjusting and fixing the distance between the motor 101 and the speed reducer 102 and the vertical central axis of the test bench, so that the pinion 104 arranged on the output shaft in the speed reducer 102 has a correct position relative to the bull gear 202, and correct meshing between the bull gear 202 and the pinion 104 is ensured.

2 sets of parts with the same structure, such as a motor driving unit 1, a main shaft unit 2 and the like, in the hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed are all arranged on the upper flat plate 402.

Referring to fig. 3, the reducer 102 is vertically fixed on a support wall in the motor mount 103 by bolts, the motor 101 is vertically installed above the reducer 102, an output shaft end of the motor 101 is coupled with an input shaft end of the reducer 102 by a coupling, the pinion 104 is installed on an output end of an output shaft of the reducer 102, the motor mount 103 in the motor drive unit 1 with 2 sets of the same structure is symmetrically fixed at two ends of the upper plate 402 by bolts, and a gasket can be added between the motor 101 and the support wall in the motor mount 103 and between a base in the motor mount 103 and the upper plate 402 for adjusting the relative height and the relative position of the motor 101 with respect to the central hole of the upper plate 402, thereby ensuring that the pinion 104 is correctly meshed with the large gear 202 of the spindle unit 2.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the spindle unit 2 includes an upper shaft end ring 201, a large gear 202, a spindle 203, an upper bearing end cover 204, a cylindrical roller bearing 205, 2 tapered roller bearings 206 with the same structure, an outer sleeve 207, a lower bearing end cover 208, a thrust ball bearing 209, and a transition disc 210.

The model of the upper shaft end circular retainer ring 201 is GB 892; upper bearing cap 204 is a flanged bearing cap; the model number of the cylindrical roller bearing 205 is GB _ T283-2007_ N1052; the tapered roller bearing 206 is of the type GB _ T297-1994_32972X 2; the thrust ball bearing 209 is model number 517/980. The above parts are all standard parts.

The upper shaft end circular retainer ring 201 is a circular plate, bolt holes are evenly distributed on the circular plate, and the circular plate is used as an axial fixing element of the large gear 202, so that the large gear 202 cannot axially move on 1 section of shaft in the main shaft 203.

The large gear 202 is a spur gear and is a non-standard component, the large gear 202 is connected with the main shaft 203 through a key, and the large gear 202 can transmit torque and motion transmitted by the small gear 104 engaged with the large gear in the motor driving unit 1, namely, the torque and the rotary motion are transmitted to the main shaft 203.

The main shaft 203 is an 8-section straight rod nonstandard stepped shaft, which is composed of 1 section shaft to 8 sections of shafts from top to bottom, the diameters of the 1 section shaft to 6 sections of shafts are increased in sequence, the diameters of the 6 section shaft to 8 sections of shafts are decreased in sequence, shaft shoulders formed by the diameters of the adjacent two sections of shafts are used for axial positioning of related parts, and key grooves and threaded holes are axially arranged on the end surfaces of the 1 section shaft and the 8 section shaft and the shafts and used for connecting the large gear 202, the transition disc 210 and the upper shaft end circular retainer ring 201. The main function is to transmit torque and load and act as a shoulder for axial fixation of the bearing.

The upper bearing end cover 204 serves as an axial fixing element of the cylindrical roller bearing 205, and the cylindrical roller bearing 205 cannot axially move in tandem along with a shaft shoulder formed by the diameter difference of the 3-segment shaft and the 4-segment shaft on the main shaft 203.

The cylindrical roller bearing 205 is used for ensuring the rotation precision of the main shaft 203 and compensating the thermal deformation of the main shaft; the tapered roller bearing 206 plays a key role in the longitudinal load transfer process, when the tapered roller bearing is loaded downwards, the load is provided by the longitudinal hydraulic cylinders 405 which are symmetrically arranged, and the load finally acts on the rock sample in the temperature confining pressure loading unit 5 through the upper flat plate 402, the outer sleeve 207, the upper tapered roller bearing 206, the main shaft 203, the transition disc 210 and the cutter unit 3; the thrust force is also provided by the symmetrically arranged longitudinal hydraulic cylinders 405 when the upper plate 402 moves upwards, the load passes through the upper plate 402, the outer sleeve 207, the lower bearing end cover 208, the main shaft 203, the transition disc 210 and the cutter unit 3, and finally the components mounted on the upper plate 402 move upwards together with the upper plate 402; the thrust ball bearing 209 is mainly used for bearing the bias voltage generated by the hob 306 due to the low surface levelness of a rock sample during the test or the bending moment generated by the uneven distribution of the load on a cutter head when only one cutter is tested, protecting key components such as the main shaft 203 and bolts and preventing the bias voltage from damaging instruments and equipment.

The outer sleeve 207 is a hollow non-standard rotating body and consists of a cylinder and a circular flange plate, the bottom end of the cylinder is connected with the center of the flange plate into a whole, the rotation axes of the cylinder and the flange plate are collinear, a three-section stepped hole is arranged at the center of the outer sleeve 207 and sequentially comprises 1-3 sections of holes from top to bottom, the diameters of the 1-3 sections of holes are sequentially increased, 6 uniformly distributed threaded holes are uniformly formed in the top of the cylinder, an inner group of unthreaded holes and an outer group of unthreaded holes are formed in the circular flange plate, and each group of unthreaded holes are uniformly distributed on the circular flange plate; the outer sleeve 207 is a main load transmission member, and the spindle unit 2 is mounted and fixed to the upper plate 105 through the outer sleeve 207, and each component of the spindle unit 2 is mounted on the outer sleeve 207.

The lower bearing end cover 208 is a nonstandard disc structural member, the appearance of the lower bearing end cover is similar to that of a standard part, the appearance of the lower bearing end cover 208 is 4 sections of cylindrical surfaces with different diameters, the cylindrical surfaces are 1 section of cylindrical surface to 4 sections of cylindrical surface from top to bottom, the diameters of the 1 section of cylindrical surface to the 2 section of cylindrical surface are sequentially increased, the diameters of the 2 section of cylindrical surface to the 4 section of cylindrical surface are sequentially reduced, the diameter of the 1 section of cylindrical surface is the minimum, the diameter of the 1 section of cylindrical surface is equal to the diameter of a 3-section stepped hole with the maximum diameter on the outer sleeve 207, the adjacent two sections of bosses formed by the diameter difference are used for the axial positioning of relevant parts, and the bosses formed by the 3 section of cylindrical surface to the 4 section of cylindrical surface and the boss at; the lower bearing end cover 208 functions to transmit load when moving upward, and the tapered roller bearing 206 and the thrust ball bearing 209 are axially positioned by the lower bearing end cover 208.

The transition disc 210 is a cylindrical rotating body, a circular groove is arranged at the top end of the transition disc 210, two-section type stepped holes are arranged on the peripheral groove wall of the circular groove at the top end from top to bottom, the diameter of the first section of hole is larger than that of the second section of hole, and a boss formed by the first section of hole and the second section of hole due to the diameter difference is used for installing and positioning the thrust ball bearing 209; a disc boss and a ring barrel are arranged at the center of the top circular groove from bottom to top, the top end of the disc boss and the bottom end of the ring barrel are connected into a whole, a key groove is axially formed in the barrel wall of the ring barrel, the peripheral groove wall of the top circular groove, the disc boss and the rotation axis of the ring barrel are collinear, and the height of the ring barrel is greater than that of the peripheral groove wall of the top circular groove; 4 smooth through holes are uniformly distributed on a disc boss in the circular cylinder body, and the 4 smooth through holes are used for connecting the transition disc 210 with the bottom end of the main shaft 203 by bolts; the bottom end of the transition disc 210 is provided with a bottom end circular groove for placing a bolt for connecting the transition disc 210 and the main shaft 203; the periphery of the circular groove at the bottom end of the transition disc 210 is uniformly provided with 6 threaded holes with the same structure, and the 6 threaded holes with the same structure are used for fixedly connecting the cutter disc 301 to the transition disc 210 by bolts; the transition disk 210 is keyed to the main shaft 203 and rotates with the main shaft to transmit torque and motion.

The big gear 202 is a straight gear and is sleeved on a 1-section shaft of the main shaft 203, the big gear 202 and the main shaft 203 are connected through a key to transmit torque and rotate, the upper shaft end circular retaining ring 201 is installed at the top ends of the hubs of the main shaft 203 and the big gear 202, the bottom end face of the upper shaft end circular retaining ring 201 is in contact connection with the top end face of the hub of the big gear 202, the upper shaft end retaining ring 201 is fixedly connected with the top end of the main shaft 203 through bolts, the big gear 202 is axially positioned on the main shaft 203 through screwing the bolts, and the bottom end face of the hub of the big gear 202 is in contact connection with a shaft shoulder at the connecting.

The cylindrical roller bearing 205 is installed on a 3-segment shaft of the main shaft 203, the bottom end surface of an inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing 205 is in contact connection with a shaft shoulder formed by the 3-segment shaft and a 4-segment shaft of the main shaft 203, the top end surface of an outer ring of the cylindrical roller bearing 205 is in contact connection and positioned with the bottom end surface of a central flange of an upper bearing end cover 204 sleeved on a 2-segment shaft of the main shaft 203, the upper bearing end cover 204 is connected with the top end of an outer sleeve 207 through bolts, and a gasket is added between the two to enable the cylindrical roller bearing 205 to be located at the correct; the cylindrical roller bearing 205 is fixed by tightening bolts for connecting the bearing end cover 204 and the outer sleeve 207.

2 tapered roller bearings 206 with the same structure are sequentially arranged on a 5-segment shaft and a 7-segment shaft of the main shaft 203, the upper tapered roller bearing 206 is positioned by a boss inside the outer sleeve 207 and a shaft shoulder formed by the 5-segment shaft and the 6-segment shaft of the main shaft 203 in the axial direction, the lower tapered roller bearing 206 is positioned by a shaft shoulder formed by the 6-segment shaft and the 7-segment shaft of the main shaft 203 in the axial direction and a flange at the center of the lower bearing end cover 208 in the axial direction, the lower bearing end cover 208 is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve 207 through 6 uniformly distributed bolts, a gasket is added between the outer sleeve 207 and the lower bearing end cover 208, and the tapered roller bearing 206 can be positioned at the correct position by screwing the bolts, so that the main shaft 203 is further fixed; the outer sleeve 207 is fixedly connected to the upper flat plate 402 by 6 uniformly distributed bolts; the thrust ball bearing 209 is arranged between the lower bearing end cover 208 and the transition disc 210, the thrust ball bearing 209 is axially positioned by virtue of a boss at the bottom end of the lower bearing end cover 208 and a boss at the top end of the transition disc 210, the transition disc 210 is fixed at the bottom end of the main shaft 203 by adopting bolts, and the thrust ball bearing 209 can be positioned at a correct position by screwing the bolts at the bottom of the transition disc 210; the transition disk 210 is mounted on the 8-segment shaft of the main shaft 203 and adopts a key connection to transmit torque and rotation.

During assembly, the upper tapered roller bearing 206 and the cylindrical roller bearing 205 are sequentially mounted on the 5-segment shaft and the 3-segment shaft on the main shaft 203, then the main shaft 203, the mounted tapered roller bearing 206 and the mounted cylindrical roller bearing 205 are mounted in the outer sleeve 207, and the upper surface of the outer ring of the upper tapered roller bearing 206 is closely attached to a boss formed by the 2-segment hole and the 3-segment hole in the outer sleeve 207. Next, another tapered roller bearing 206 is installed on the 7-segment shaft of the main shaft 203, and the outer walls of the cylindrical roller bearing 205 and the tapered roller bearing 206 installed on the 5-segment shaft of the main shaft 203 are in interference fit with the inner wall of the outer sleeve 207; then, the 1 st section of cylindrical surface of the lower bearing end cover 208 is installed in the 3-section hole of the outer sleeve 207, so that the top end surface of the 1 st section of cylindrical surface of the lower bearing end cover 208 is in contact connection with the lower surface of the outer ring of the other tapered roller bearing 206, and the tapered roller bearing 206 has proper pre-tightening force by adjusting the gasket between the outer sleeve 207 and the lower bearing end cover 208. Next, the upper bearing end cap 204 is mounted on the top end of the outer sleeve 207, so that the lower surface of the cylindrical boss at the lower end of the upper bearing end cap 204 is in contact with the upper surface of the outer ring of the cylindrical roller bearing 205. The cylindrical roller bearing 205 is provided with proper pre-tightening force by adjusting the gasket between the upper bearing end cover 204 and the outer sleeve 207.

Next, the thrust ball bearing 209 is installed in a boss arranged at the top end of the transition disc 210, then the thrust ball bearing 209 and the transition disc are installed on the 8-section shaft of the main shaft 203, attention is paid to ensure that the upper half ring of the thrust ball bearing 209 is installed on the boss at the lower end of the lower bearing end cover 208, and finally, a bolt for fixing the transition disc 210 is screwed to a proper pretightening force, so that the normal work of the thrust ball bearing 209 is ensured.

Next, the large gear 202 is mounted on the 1-segment shaft of the main shaft 203, and finally, the bolt for fixing the upper shaft end retainer ring 201 is tightened, so that the large gear 202 is fixed. After the above components are mounted, the whole is mounted on the upper flat plate 402, the 6 uniformly-distributed unthreaded holes on the periphery of the flange of the outer sleeve 207 are aligned with the unthreaded holes reserved on the upper flat plate 402, and the bolts are tightened to mount the spindle unit 2 at the center of the upper flat plate 402.

Referring to fig. 6, 7 and 8, the cutter unit 3 includes a cutter head 301 and 1 to 3 sets of cutter devices having the same structure, wherein: each tool set includes a connecting slide 302, a three-way force sensor 303, a tool holder 304, a wedge block 305, and a hob 306.

The model of the three-way force sensor 303 is LDCZL-MFS 12; the roller cutters 306 are CCS flat blade disc cutters commonly used in tunnel construction. The above components belong to the standard.

The cutter head 301 is a 3-stage step-type non-standard cylindrical revolving body structural member, and the diameters of the first-stage revolving body to the third-stage revolving body from top to bottom are from large to small and then large, wherein: the diameter of the second section of revolving body is the smallest, the diameter of the third section of revolving body is the largest, the diameter of the first section of revolving body is between the diameters of the second section of revolving body and the third section of revolving body, the first section of revolving body to the third section of revolving body are sequentially connected into a whole, and the revolving axes of the first section of revolving body to the third section of revolving body are collinear; the periphery of the first section of the revolving body is uniformly provided with 6 unthreaded holes with the same structure along the axial direction, and the 6 unthreaded holes with the same structure are used for fixing the cutter head 301 on the transition disc 210 in the main shaft unit 2 by adopting bolts, so that the cutter head 301 can rotate along with the main shaft 203; the top end of the cutter head 301, namely the center of the first section of revolution body and the second section of revolution body, is provided with a groove for reducing the mass of parts, 6 groups of 2T-shaped grooves which are parallel to each other are processed at the bottom end of the third section of revolution body of the cutter head 301, the included angle of two adjacent groups of T-shaped grooves is 60 degrees, T-shaped bolts are placed in the grooves, and the T-shaped bolts can freely slide in the grooves; at most three roller cutters 306 can be simultaneously mounted on the cutter head 301 by using T-shaped bolts.

The connecting sliding plate 302 is a rectangular plate type structural part, 4 unthreaded holes are processed at four corners, a bolt which can freely slide below the cutter head 301 penetrates through the unthreaded holes and slides to an appointed position along the T-shaped groove, and the connecting sliding plate 302 can be ensured to be in a correct position and locked by locking with a nut. And 6 threaded holes which are uniformly distributed are processed in the middle of the connecting sliding plate 302 and are used for connecting the three-way force sensor 303.

The three-way force sensor 303 is a standard component in the shape of a revolving solid and is divided into an upper section, a middle section and a lower section, the upper section and the lower section are arranged into an upper flange plate and a lower flange plate, the upper flange plate and the lower flange plate are respectively and uniformly provided with 6 unthreaded holes with the same structure, 6 bolts are correspondingly inserted into the 6 unthreaded holes on the upper flange plate and the 6 threaded holes uniformly distributed on the connecting sliding plate 302, so that the upper end of the three-way force sensor 303 is fixedly arranged on the connecting sliding plate 302; another 6 bolts are correspondingly inserted into 6 unthreaded holes uniformly arranged on the lower flange plate and 6 threaded holes uniformly distributed on the tool holder 304, so that the three-way force sensor 303 is connected with the tool holder 304; the three-way force sensor 303 is used for measuring and recording three-way force data generated by rock breaking by the hob in the test process.

The tool holder 304 is a nonstandard fork-like bracket in the shape of an inverted U, and is symmetrical left and right. The bottom ends of two side arms of the three-way force sensor 303 are provided with grooves for mounting hob shafts, wedge blocks 305 and bolts, 6 threaded holes which are uniformly distributed are processed on an upper cross beam of the tool rest 304, the 6 threaded holes which are uniformly distributed are opposite to 6 unthreaded holes which are uniformly distributed on a flange plate under the three-way force sensor 303, and the bottom end of the three-way force sensor 303 is connected with the tool rest 304 by bolts.

Wedge block 305 is a non-standard right angle ladder with an optical through hole disposed therein. During installation, the shaft ends of the roller cutters 306 are first installed in the grooves on the arms on both sides of the tool holder 304, the right-angled side faces of the wedge blocks 305 opposite to the inclined side faces are in contact with the side faces of the grooves on the arms on both sides of the tool holder 304, and the hexagon socket head cap bolts are inserted into the through-holes in the wedge blocks 305 and connected with the threaded holes on the bottoms of the grooves on the arms on both sides, so that the wedge blocks 305 are installed in the grooves on the arms on both sides of the tool holder. The inner hexagon bolt is tightened to enable the inclined surface of the wedge block 305 to be tightly attached to the inclined surface of the cutter shaft of the hob 306, and the hob 306 is fixed on the cutter frame 304 by applying proper pretightening force.

Bolts are inserted into the unthreaded holes in the cutter disc 301 to fix the cutter disc 301 to the bottom of the transition disc 210, so that the cutter disc 301 can rotate along with the main shaft 203, and the cutter unit 3 is connected with the main shaft unit 2. After moving the bolt in the T-shaped groove at the bottom of the cutter head 301 to a designated position according to test requirements, locking and fixing the connecting sliding plate 302 on the bottom end surface of the cutter head 301 by using a nut, and connecting two ends of the three-way force sensor 303 with the connecting sliding plate 302 and the tool rest 304 respectively through bolts; the installation and fixation of the hob 306 on the tool holder 304 mainly depend on the wedge block 305, the inclined surface of the wedge block 305 presses the inclined surface of the hob shaft by screwing the hexagon socket head cap screw on the wedge block 305, and the hob 306 is finally fixed on the tool holder 304 by combining the groove matched with the hob shaft on the tool holder 304. When the position of the hob 306 on the cutter disc 301 is adjusted, the nut for locking the connecting sliding plate 302 and the tool holder 304 can be reversely unscrewed, and the nut is locked again after the connecting sliding plate 302 is moved to a new position, so that the hob 306 can be moved and fixed in the radial direction of the cutter disc 301. By changing the radial position of the hob 306 on the cutterhead 301, the hob rock breaking test with different cutter spacing can be realized.

Referring to fig. 9, 10 and 11, the longitudinal loading moving unit 4 includes a displacement sensor 401, an upper plate 402, 4 linear bearings 403 with the same structure, 4 columns 404 with the same structure, 2 longitudinal hydraulic cylinders 405 with the same structure, 4 fixed cylinders 406 with the same structure and a lower plate 407.

The displacement sensor 401 is a MILONT metal pull rope displacement sensor; the linear bearing 403 is an LMF120UU type linear bearing; the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 405 is a Freud heavy bidirectional lifting oil hydraulic cylinder; the above parts are all standard parts.

The displacement sensor 401 is provided with an extensible stainless steel cable, the main body of the displacement sensor 401 is fixed on the upper flat plate 402, the extensible end of the steel cable is fixed on the lower flat plate 407, and when the relative position of the upper flat plate 402 relative to the lower flat plate 407 changes, the displacement sensor 401 can record the value; the displacement sensor 401 is used to record displacement data in the longitudinal direction of the test.

Referring to fig. 10, the upper plate 402 is a rectangular non-standard plate with chamfers at four corners. A large-size light through hole is formed in the center of the upper flat plate 402, the spindle unit 2 is inserted into the light through hole during assembly, 6 light through holes with the same size are uniformly distributed around the large-size light through hole, the 6 light through holes which are uniformly distributed are opposite to 6 light through holes which are uniformly distributed and are 6 same as the 6 light through holes which are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the flange plate of the outer sleeve 207, and nuts are screwed after 6 same bolts are inserted into the opposite light through holes, so that the spindle unit 2 is fixed on the upper flat plate 402.

2 groups of 4 threaded holes which are distributed in a rectangular shape are symmetrically distributed on the left side and the right side of the large-size light through hole in the center of the upper flat plate 402, and the 2 groups of threaded holes are used for installing the motor fixing frame 103 in the motor driving unit 1; 2 groups of 2 smooth through holes are arranged on the upper flat plate 402 at the outer side of 4 threaded holes which are distributed in a rectangular shape in 2 groups, and the 2 smooth through holes in 2 groups and each group are used for fixing the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 405 on the bottom end face of the upper flat plate 402 through a flange plate at the front end; four corners of the upper plate 402 are provided with light through holes, and 4 threaded holes are uniformly distributed around each light through hole for mounting the linear bearing 403.

4 linear bearings 403 with the same structure are arranged at four corners of the upper flat plate 402; 4 upright posts 404 with the same structure are columnar nonstandard parts and are arranged in 4 linear bearings 403 with the same structure for matching use to play a role in guiding; the 4 columns 404 with the same structure are installed in the light holes at the top ends of the fixed cylinders 406, and the 4 columns 404 with the same structure and the 4 fixed cylinders 406 with the same structure are in interference fit, so that the stability of the columns 404 is ensured.

The 2 longitudinal hydraulic cylinders 405 with the same structure are power sources for longitudinal movement and loading of the test bed and are arranged in a bilateral symmetry manner, namely one longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 405 is positioned in the middle of the 2 linear bearings 403 on the left side, the other longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 405 is positioned in the middle of the 2 linear bearings 403 on the right side, and the 2 longitudinal hydraulic cylinders 405 with the same structure are vertically arranged, namely are perpendicular to the upper flat plate 402.

The fixed cylinder 406 is a non-standard cylindrical rod-like structure, a light hole for installing the upright 404 is provided at the center of the top end of the fixed cylinder 406, and 4 fixed cylinders 406 with the same structure are arranged at the four corners of the lower flat plate 407.

Referring to fig. 11, the lower flat plate 407 is a square non-standard plate part, and chamfers are arranged at four corners; 2 groups of 4 threaded holes for installing the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 405 are symmetrically arranged at the center of the left end and the right end of the lower flat plate 407; 4 groups of 4 threaded holes are symmetrically distributed left and right and front and back along the edge of the rear flat plate and the edge of the left flat plate in the X direction and the Y direction of the lower flat plate 407, and the 4 threaded holes in each group of 4 groups are used for installing 4 transverse hydraulic cylinders 501 with the same structure in the confining pressure temperature loading unit 5;

the 4 fixing cylinders 406 with the same structure are correspondingly welded at the four corners of the lower flat plate 407, and the axes of the 4 fixing cylinders 406 are collinear with the central lines of the light through holes at the four corners of the upper flat plate 402. Four columns 404 with the same structure are in interference fit with inner holes of 4 fixing cylinders 406 with the same structure, so that the columns 404 are stable. 2 longitudinal hydraulic cylinders 405 which are symmetrically distributed left and right and have the same structure are arranged on the left side and the right side of the lower flat plate 407 through bolts, the upper plane of a flange plate at the top of each longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 405 is tightly attached to the lower plane of the upper flat plate 402, and the bolts are inserted into unthreaded holes in the flange plates at the tops of the upper flat plate 402 and the longitudinal hydraulic cylinders 405 and are locked by nuts, so that the longitudinal hydraulic cylinders 405 can drive the upper flat plate 402 to move up and down; the 4 linear bearings 403 with the same structure are arranged in the 4 unthreaded holes with the same structure at the four corners of the upper flat plate 402, and the 4 linear bearings 403 with the same structure are in interference fit with the 4 unthreaded holes with the same structure at the four corners of the upper flat plate 402 and are fixed by bolts. 4 linear bearings 403 with the same structure, which are symmetrically distributed at four corners of the upper flat plate 402, are sleeved on the 4 columns 404 with the same structure, and the 4 linear bearings 403 with the same structure are in sliding fit with the 4 columns 404 with the same structure, so that the upper flat plate 402 can freely slide in the vertical direction. Longitudinal hydraulic cylinders 405 symmetrically distributed on the left and right provide power for the movement and downward loading of the upper flat plate 402, and the upright posts 404 and the linear bearings 403 provide a guiding function for the upward and downward movement of the upper flat plate 402, so that the upper flat plate 402 can accurately move in the vertical direction.

Referring to fig. 12 to 15, the confining pressure temperature loading unit 5 includes a confining pressure loading device and a temperature loading device; the confining pressure loading device comprises 4 transverse hydraulic cylinders 501 with the same structure, 2 push plates 502 with the same structure, a bottom plate 503 and a side plate 504; the temperature loading device comprises a power supply 505 and an electric heating piece 506;

the model of the transverse hydraulic cylinder 501 is HOB 40; the model of the electric heating sheet is zdq-6 heating plate heating sheet; a power supply 505 model BULL multi-purpose function socket; the above parts are all standard parts.

The 4 transverse hydraulic cylinders 501 with the same structure are divided into 2 groups of 2 hydraulic cylinders, and are respectively arranged along the X direction and the Y direction of the lower flat plate 407, and the function of the transverse hydraulic cylinders is to provide confining pressure for the rock sample.

The push plate 502 is a nonstandard rectangular flat plate, the length dimension of which is smaller than that of the rock sample, so that the interference of the X-direction push plate 502 and the Y-direction push plate 502 can be avoided when confining pressure is loaded; the function is that the thrust provided by the transverse hydraulic cylinder 501 is uniformly acted on the rock sample to simulate the confining pressure born by the rock sample in real working conditions, and a push plate 502 is respectively arranged in the X direction and the Y direction;

the bottom plate 503 is a nonstandard L-shaped plate structure, the front end face of the L-shape of the bottom plate 503 is provided with 6 threaded holes with the same structure for mounting and fixing the side plate 504, the upper surface of the L-shaped long side wall of the bottom plate 503 is provided with three grooves with the same structure along the Y direction, and the three grooves with the same structure are used for placing the electric heating sheet 506 adhered to the rock sample 506 and the flat cable of the electric heating sheet 506.

Referring to fig. 14, the side plate 504 is a rectangular non-standard plate part, 6L-shaped light holes are processed on the side plate 504 along one long side and one short side of the side plate, the group of light holes correspond to the 6L-shaped threaded holes at the front end of the bottom plate 503, and bolts pass through the light holes on the side plate 504 and are screwed in the 6 threaded holes of the bottom plate 503, so that the side plate 504 is fixed in front of the bottom plate 503. 3 grooves with the same structure are transversely arranged on the inner side of the side plate 504, so that the lead of the electric heating sheet 506 can be led out, and the lead is prevented from being damaged when confining pressure is loaded.

The power source 505 is fixed on the lower plate 407, the electric heating sheets 506 are uniformly adhered to the bottom of the rock sample in three groups, and the positions of the electric heating sheets 506 on the rock sample correspond to the grooves processed on the bottom plate 503, that is, after the rock sample is placed on the bottom plate 503 of the confining pressure loading device, the three groups of electric heating sheets 506 are just in the grooves on the upper surface of the L-shaped long side wall of the bottom plate 503. The electric heating sheet 506 heats the rock sample to a predetermined temperature and then keeps the temperature, so that the rock breaking test can be performed at a certain temperature.

The X-direction and Y-direction transverse hydraulic cylinders 501 are fixed on the upper surface of the lower flat plate 504 through bolts, each transverse hydraulic cylinder 501 is arranged at a position corresponding to 4 groups of threaded holes which are distributed in a rectangular manner in the X, Y direction of the lower flat plate 407, a flange plate at the front end of each transverse hydraulic cylinder 501 is connected with the push plate 502 in a welding manner, the X-direction two transverse hydraulic cylinders 501 and the Y-direction two transverse hydraulic cylinders 501 move synchronously to respectively push the X-direction push plate 502 and the Y-direction push plate 502 to move, and confining pressure is loaded on a rock sample; the bottom plate 503 is welded on the central axis position of the lower flat plate 407, and the axis of the spindle unit 2 is ensured to coincide with the center of the upper surface of the L-shaped long side wall of the bottom plate 503 in the confining pressure loading device. Referring to fig. 13, the distance between the lower surface of the push plate 502 welded on the transverse hydraulic cylinder 501 and the upper surface of the lower flat plate 407 is 5-10mm higher than the distance between the upper surface of the L-shaped long-side wall of the bottom plate 503 and the upper surface of the lower flat plate 407, so as to prevent the push plate 502 and the bottom plate 503 from colliding with each other due to expansion and contraction of metal when the confining pressure and temperature are applied. The side plate 504 is installed on the front end face of the bottom plate 503 through bolts, and 2 push plates 502 with the same structure, the bottom plate 503 and the side plate 504 form a confining pressure loading bin together for placing a rock sample. The test bed is characterized in that a rock sample to be tested is a rectangular rock block, the size of the bottom surface of the test bed is matched with the size of the upper surface of the long side wall of the bottom plate 503, and the height of the rock sample is matched with the inner surface of the short side wall of the bottom plate 503;

the power supply 505 of the temperature loading device is installed at the lower right corner of the lower flat plate 407, the electric heating sheets 506 are adhered to the lower surface of the rock sample, the total number of the electric heating sheets is three, 12, the rock sample adhered with the electric heating sheets 506 can be installed in the confining pressure loading bin only on the premise that the arrangement direction of the electric heating sheets 506 is consistent with the direction of the grooves on the upper surface of the L-shaped long side wall of the bottom plate 503, one side of the rock sample abuts against the inner surface of the L-shaped short side wall of the bottom plate 503, and at this time, the three groups of electric heating sheets 506 are just in the grooves on the upper surface of the L-shaped long side wall of the bottom plate. After the rock sample is mounted, the side plate 504 is fixed to the L-shaped front surface of the bottom plate 503 by bolts. The X-direction and Y-direction transverse hydraulic cylinders 501 provide thrust, and a power supply 505 is in line connection with three groups of 12 electric heating sheets 506 with the same structure and supplies power to the electric heating sheets, so that the heating and loading of the temperature and the confining pressure of the rock sample can be realized.

The invention relates to a working process of a hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed, which comprises the following steps:

before a hob rock breaking test is carried out on a hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed, a rock sample needs to be loaded into the confining pressure temperature loading unit 5, so that:

firstly, the bolts for connecting the side plates 504 and the bottom plate 503 are dismounted, the side plates 504 are dismounted, 12 electric heating sheets 506 are divided into three groups and are adhered to the lower surface of a rock sample, the rock sample adhered with the electric heating sheets 506 can be arranged in a confining pressure loading bin on the premise that the arrangement direction of the electric heating sheets 506 is consistent with the direction of the groove on the upper surface of the L-shaped long side wall of the bottom plate 503, one side of the rock sample abuts against the inner surface of the L-shaped short side wall of the bottom plate 503, and at the moment, the three groups of electric heating sheets 506 are just arranged in the groove on the upper surface of the L-shaped long side wall of the bottom plate 503, so that the electric heating sheets 506 and the conducting wires thereof are not pressed or damaged. After the rock sample is installed, the side plate 504 is fixed on the front surface of the bottom plate 503 in an L shape through bolt connection, and when the rock sample is installed, the lead of the electric heating sheet 506 is placed into three grooves processed on the surface of the side plate 504, so that the lead of the electric heating sheet 506 is not damaged when confining pressure is loaded.

Referring to fig. 8, next, a hob 306 to be installed for a test is needed, the hob 306 is rotated to enable the right-angle surface of the hob shaft to be right opposite to the right-angle surface of the groove processed by the tool rest 304, then the hob 306 is installed in the tool rest 304, the wedge block 305 is placed in the groove of the tool rest 304, the inclined surface of the wedge block 305 is tightly attached to the inclined surface of the hob shaft, the right-angle side surface of the wedge block is tightly attached to the inner surface of the groove of the tool rest 304, the hexagon socket head cap screw is inserted into the through hole in the wedge block 305, the output end of the hexagon socket cap screw is connected with the threaded hole in the groove of the.

Adjusting a T-shaped bolt in a T-shaped groove at the bottom of the cutter disc 301 to a position required by a test, fixing a connecting sliding plate 302 at the bottom of the cutter disc 301 through a nut matched with the T-shaped bolt, fixing a three-way force sensor 303 on the sliding plate 302 through a bolt, and connecting the lower end of the three-way force sensor 303 with an assembled cutter holder 304 through a bolt, thereby completing the installation of the hob 306.

When the radial position of the hob 306 needs to be adjusted, the T-nut for connecting the slide plate 302 and the cutter head 301 can be loosened without detaching the hob, and the nut can be locked again after the hob 306 is moved to a new position. The rock breaking test can be started after the rock sample and the hob 306 are installed.

When the hob 306 rock breaking test is carried out, firstly, the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 405 is started, the upper flat plate 402 of the test bed returns to the initial height, then, the confining pressure temperature loading unit 5 is started, the transverse hydraulic cylinder 501 provides thrust to load confining pressure on a rock sample, the temperature loading device starts to supply power to heat the rock sample, when the temperature and the confining pressure meet the test requirements, the motor 101 is started, the motor 101 drives the main shaft 203 and the cutter unit 3 to rotate together, the two motors 101 adopt a mechanical synchronization mode to ensure that the rotating speed of the cutter unit 3 is constant and sufficient torque is provided, when the specified rotating speed is reached, the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 405 pulls the upper flat plate 402 downwards at a higher speed, the cutter unit 3 is slowly loaded downwards after moving downwards to a distance of 1-2 cm from the surface of the rock sample, and the hob 306 performs a rotary rock breaking test under the combined action of the torque provided by the motor 101 and the longitudinal pressure provided by the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 405.

It should be noted that after the hob 306 enters the rock sample for a certain distance (penetration) under the thrust action of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 405, the hob needs to wait for the cutterhead 301 to completely rotate for one circle before further entering the rock, which not only aims to restore the actual rock breaking action of the hard rock heading machine, but also can effectively prevent the hob 306 from entering the rock for too great depth to cause the contact between the tool holder 304 and the rock sample, thereby damaging the test equipment.

In the experimental process, the three-way force sensor records the variation numerical values of vertical force, rolling force and lateral force when the hob 306 breaks rocks, and the displacement sensor 401 records the downward movement distance of the cutter in each circle of rotation as the penetration degree of the hob 306 for cutting the rocks; after the test is finished, firstly controlling the motor 101 to stop rotating, then upwards pushing the upper flat plate 402 by the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder 405 to drive the main shaft unit 2 and the cutter unit 3 to move upwards together to a safe position, enabling the hob 306 to be far away from the rock sample, then stopping loading the temperature and the confining pressure on the rock sample by the confining pressure temperature loading unit 5, returning the transverse hydraulic cylinders 501 in the X direction and the Y direction to the original position, taking down the hob 306 and the rock sample after the rock sample and the cutter unit 3 are cooled to the room temperature, finally returning all parts to the original position, and closing all electrical equipment to finish the test.

Claims

1. A hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed is characterized by comprising 2 sets of motor driving units (1), a main shaft unit (2), a cutter unit (3), a longitudinal loading moving unit (4) and a confining pressure temperature loading unit (5), wherein the motor driving units (1), the main shaft unit (2), the cutter unit (3) and the longitudinal loading moving unit are of the same structure;

the spindle unit (2) comprises an outer sleeve (207) and a transition disc (210);

the longitudinal loading moving unit (4) comprises an upper flat plate (402) and a lower flat plate (407);

the longitudinal loading moving unit (4) is arranged on a foundation through a lower flat plate (407), an upper flat plate (402) is arranged right above the lower flat plate (407), and the upper flat plate (402) and the lower flat plate (407) are parallel to each other; 2 sets of motor driving units (1) with the same structure are respectively arranged at the top end of the upper flat plate (402) in a bilateral symmetry manner through the motor fixing frame (103) therein; the main shaft unit (2) is arranged at the center of the upper flat plate (402) through an outer sleeve (207), and the main shaft unit (2) is positioned between 2 sets of motor driving units (1) with the same structure; the cutter unit (3) is arranged on the transition disc (210) through a cutter disc (301) in the cutter unit, and the rotation center lines of the main shaft unit (2) and the cutter unit (3) are collinear; the confining pressure temperature loading unit (5) is arranged on the lower flat plate (407).

2. A hard rock tunnelling hob rotary cutting test stand according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor drive unit (1) further comprises a motor (101), a reducer (102) and a pinion (104);

the motor fixing frame (103) is an L-shaped nonstandard plate structural member, the motor fixing frame (103) is composed of a base, a supporting wall and a reinforcing rib plate, the base and the supporting wall are rectangular plates, the reinforcing rib plate is a right-angled triangular plate, through holes for mounting bolts are uniformly arranged on the base, bolt through holes for mounting a speed reducer (102) are arranged at the upper end of the supporting wall, the bottom end of the supporting wall is vertically connected with one end of the base, the left end surface of the supporting wall is coplanar with the left end surface of the base, and the reinforcing rib plate is arranged between the right end surface of the supporting wall and the top end surface of the base and is fixedly connected with;

the speed reducer (102) is vertically fixed on a supporting wall of the motor fixing frame (103) by adopting bolts, an output shaft end of the motor (101) is connected with an input shaft end of the speed reducer (102) by adopting a coupling, and the pinion (104) is sleeved on the output end of the output shaft of the speed reducer (102).

3. The hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to claim 1, wherein the main shaft unit (2) further comprises an upper shaft end circular retainer ring (201), a large gear (202), a main shaft (203), an upper bearing end cover (204), a cylindrical roller bearing (205), 2 conical roller bearings (206) with the same structure, a lower bearing end cover (208) and a thrust ball bearing (209);

the main shaft (203) is vertically arranged in a three-section stepped hole on the outer sleeve (207), the large gear (202) is sleeved on 1 section of shaft of the main shaft (203), the main shaft and the large gear (203) are connected through a key, an upper shaft end circular retaining ring (201) is arranged at the top ends of the hub of the main shaft (203) and the large gear (202), the bottom end surface of the upper shaft end circular retaining ring (201) is in contact with the top end surface of the hub of the large gear (202), the upper shaft end retaining ring (201) is fixedly connected with the top end of the main shaft (203) through a bolt, and the bottom end surface of the hub of the large gear (202) is in contact with a shaft shoulder at the joint of one; the cylindrical roller bearing (205) is arranged on a 3-section shaft of the main shaft (203), the bottom end surface of an inner ring of the cylindrical roller bearing (205) is contacted with a shaft shoulder formed by the 3-section shaft and the 4-section shaft of the main shaft (203), the top end surface of an outer ring of the cylindrical roller bearing (205) is contacted and positioned with the bottom end surface of a central flange of an upper bearing end cover (204) sleeved on a 2-section shaft of the main shaft (203), and the upper bearing end cover (204) is connected with the top end of an outer sleeve (207) by bolts;

2 tapered roller bearings (206) with the same structure are sequentially arranged on a 5-segment shaft and a 7-segment shaft of the main shaft (203), the bottom end surface of an inner ring of the upper tapered roller bearing (206) is in contact with and positioned on a shaft shoulder formed by the 5-segment shaft and the 6-segment shaft of the main shaft (203), and the top end surface of an outer ring of the upper tapered roller bearing (206) is in contact with and positioned on a boss formed by a 2-segment hole and a 3-segment hole in the center of the outer sleeve (207);

the top end face of an inner ring of a lower conical roller bearing (206) is in contact with a shaft shoulder formed by a 6-section shaft and a 7-section shaft of a main shaft (203), the bottom end face of an outer ring of the lower conical roller bearing (206) is in contact with and positioned at the top end face of a central flange of a lower bearing end cover (208) sleeved on an 8-section shaft of the main shaft (203), the outer ring of the lower conical roller bearing (206) is in contact with 3 sections of holes in a three-section stepped hole of an outer sleeve (207), and the lower bearing end cover (208) is fixedly connected with the outer sleeve (207) by bolts; the transition disc (210) is sleeved on an 8-section shaft of the main shaft (203), a boss at the top end of the transition disc and a boss on a bottom disc of the lower bearing end cover (208) enable the thrust ball bearing (209) to be positioned together, the transition disc (210) is connected with the bottom end of the main shaft (203) through bolts, the transition disc (210) is in key connection with the main shaft (203), and the large gear (202), the main shaft (203), the outer sleeve (207), the upper bearing end cover (204), the lower bearing end cover (208), the thrust ball bearing (209) and the rotation axis of the transition disc (210) are collinear.

4. The hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to claim 3, wherein the main shaft (203) is an 8-section straight rod type nonstandard stepped shaft, the shaft is sequentially 1-8 sections from top to bottom, the diameter of the shaft is sequentially increased from 1-6 sections, the diameter of the shaft is sequentially decreased from 6-8 sections, the adjacent two sections of shafts form a shaft shoulder for axial positioning of related parts due to the diameter difference, and key grooves and threaded holes for connecting the large gear (202), the transition disc (210) and the upper shaft end circular retainer ring (201) are axially arranged on the top end surface and the bottom end surface of the shaft on the shaft of 1-section and the shaft of 8 sections.

5. The hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the outer sleeve (207) is a hollow non-standard rotary body member, and is composed of a cylinder body and a circular flange, the bottom end of the cylinder body is connected with the center of the flange into a whole, the rotation axis of the cylinder body and the rotation axis of the flange are collinear, a three-section stepped hole is arranged at the center of the outer sleeve (207), and is sequentially from 1 section hole to 3 sections hole from top to bottom, the diameter of the 1 section hole to 3 sections hole is sequentially increased, 6 uniformly distributed threaded holes are uniformly arranged at the top of the cylinder body, an inner group of unthreaded holes and an outer group of unthreaded holes are arranged on the circular flange, and each group of unthreaded holes are uniformly arranged on the circular flange.

6. The hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the transition disc (210) is a cylindrical rotating body, a top end circular groove is arranged at the top end of the transition disc (210), two-section stepped blind holes are arranged on the peripheral groove wall of the top end circular groove from top to bottom, the diameter of the first section of hole is larger than that of the second section of hole, and the first section of hole and the second section of hole form a boss for installing and positioning a thrust ball bearing (209) due to the diameter difference; a disc boss and a ring barrel are arranged in the center of the top circular groove from bottom to top, the top end of the disc boss and the bottom end of the ring barrel are connected into a whole, a key groove is axially formed in the barrel wall of the ring barrel, the peripheral groove wall of the top circular groove, the disc boss and the rotation axis of the ring barrel are collinear, and the height of the ring barrel is greater than that of the peripheral groove wall of the top circular groove; 4 smooth through holes which have the same structure and are used for connecting the transition disc (210) with the bottom end of the main shaft (203) by bolts are uniformly distributed on a disc boss in the circular cylinder body; the bottom end of the transition disc (210) is provided with a bottom end circular groove for placing a bolt; and 6 threaded holes with the same structure for fixing the cutter head (301) are uniformly arranged around the circular groove at the bottom end of the transition disc (210).

7. A hard rock tunnelling hob rotary cutting test stand according to claim 1, characterized in that said cutter unit (3) further comprises 1 to 3 sets of cutter devices of the same construction, wherein: each set of cutter device comprises a connecting sliding plate (302), a three-way force sensor (303), a cutter frame (304), a wedge block (305) and a hob (306);

the cutter head (301) is a 3-stage step-type nonstandard cylindrical revolving body structural member, and the diameter from the first-stage revolving body to the third-stage revolving body from top to bottom is from big to small and then big, wherein: the diameter of the second section of revolving body is the smallest, the diameter of the third section of revolving body is the largest, the diameter of the first section of revolving body is between the diameters of the second section of revolving body and the third section of revolving body, the first section of revolving body to the third section of revolving body are sequentially connected into a whole, and the revolving axes of the first section of revolving body to the third section of revolving body are collinear; the periphery of the first section of revolution body is uniformly provided with 6 smooth through holes with the same structure along the axial direction, bolts are inserted into the 6 smooth through holes with the same structure to fix the cutter head (301) on a transition disc (210) in the spindle unit (2), the top end of the cutter head (301), namely the center of the first section of revolution body and the second section of revolution body, is provided with a groove for reducing the mass of parts, the bottom end of the third section of revolution body of the cutter head (301) is provided with 6 groups of 2T-shaped grooves which are parallel to each other and are used for placing T-shaped bolts, and the included angle of the two adjacent groups of T-shaped grooves is 60 degrees;

1 to 3 connecting sliding plates (302) with the same structure in the cutter devices with the same structure are fixedly arranged at the bottom end of a cutter head (301) by adopting T-shaped bolts and T-shaped grooves, one ends of 1 to 3 three-way force sensors (303) with the same structure are connected with 1 to 3 connecting sliding plates (302) with the same structure by adopting bolts, and the other ends of 1 to 3 three-way force sensors (303) with the same structure are connected with 1 to 3 cutter holders (304) with the same structure by adopting bolts; 1 to 3 roller cutters (306) with the same structure are arranged in grooves on 1 to 3 cutter holders (304) with the same structure through 1 to 3 wedge blocks (305), and the inclined surfaces of the 1 to 3 wedge blocks (305) with the same structure are in contact with the inclined surfaces on the cutter shafts of the roller cutters (306).

8. The hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to claim 1, wherein the longitudinal loading moving unit (4) further comprises a displacement sensor (401), 4 linear bearings (403) with the same structure, 4 columns (404) with the same structure, 4 fixed cylinders (406) with the same structure and 2 longitudinal hydraulic cylinders (405) with the same structure;

the 4 linear bearings (403) with the same structure are arranged in the 4 light through holes with the same structure at the four corners of the upper flat plate (402), and the 4 linear bearings (403) with the same structure are in clearance fit with the 4 light through holes with the same structure at the four corners of the upper flat plate (402) and are fixed by bolts; the upper flat plate (402) is sleeved on 4 columns (404) with the same structure through 4 linear bearings (403) with the same structure at four corners, the 4 linear bearings (403) with the same structure are in sliding fit with the 4 columns (404) with the same structure, the lower ends of the 4 columns (404) with the same structure are arranged in light holes at the top ends of 4 fixed cylinders (406) with the same structure, the 4 columns (404) with the same structure are in interference fit with the 4 fixed cylinders (406) with the same structure, and the 4 fixed cylinders (406) with the same structure are arranged at the four corners of the lower flat plate (407); the rotation axes of the linear bearings (403), the upright posts (404) and the fixed cylinder (406) are collinear, and the rotation axes of the four groups of linear bearings (403), the upright posts (404) and the fixed cylinder (406) are parallel to each other and vertical to the upper flat plate (402) and the lower flat plate (407);

the bottom of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder (405) is connected with the lower flat plate (407) through bolts, the flange at the top of the longitudinal hydraulic cylinder is also connected with the upper flat plate (402) through bolts, and 2 longitudinal hydraulic cylinders (405) with the same structure are arranged in bilateral symmetry, namely 1 longitudinal hydraulic cylinder (405) is arranged in the middle of 2 fixed cylinders (406) with the same structure on the left side, and the other 1 longitudinal hydraulic cylinder (405) is arranged in the middle of 2 fixed cylinders (406) with the same structure on the right side.

9. The hard rock tunneling hob rotary cutting test bed according to claim 1, wherein the confining pressure temperature loading unit (5) comprises a confining pressure loading device and a temperature loading device;

the confining pressure loading device also comprises 4 transverse hydraulic cylinders (501) with the same structure, 2 push plates (502) with the same structure, a bottom plate (503) and a side plate (504);

the X-direction 2 transverse hydraulic cylinders (501) with the same structure and the Y-direction 2 transverse hydraulic cylinders (501) with the same structure are fixed on the upper surface of the lower flat plate (407) by bolts, each transverse hydraulic cylinder (501) is installed at the position corresponding to 4 groups of threaded holes which are distributed in a rectangular manner in the X, Y direction of the lower flat plate (407), a flange plate at the front end of each X-direction 2 transverse hydraulic cylinder (501) with the same structure is connected with the X-direction push plate (502) in a welding manner, and a flange plate at the front end of each Y-direction 2 transverse hydraulic cylinders (501) with the same structure is connected with the Y-direction push plate (502) in a welding manner; the bottom plate (503) is welded at the center of the lower flat plate (407), the side plate (504) is installed on the front end face of the bottom plate (503) by bolts, and 2 push plates (502) with the same structure, the bottom plate (503) and the side plate (504) jointly form a rectangular confining pressure loading bin for placing a rock sample; the rock sample tested by the test bed is a rectangular rock block, the size of the bottom surface of the rock sample is matched with the size of the long side wall of the bottom plate (503), and the height of the rock sample is matched with the short side wall of the bottom plate (503);

the temperature loading device comprises a power supply (505) and an electric heating plate (506) with the same structure as the 12 plates;

the power supply (505) is arranged at the right lower corner of the lower flat plate (407), the 12 electric heating sheets (506) with the same structure are divided into three groups and adhered to the bottom of the rock sample, the rock sample adhered with the 12 electric heating sheets (506) with the same structure is placed in the confining pressure loading bin, the three groups of 12 electric heating sheets (506) with the same structure correspond to the grooves on the bottom plate (503), and the power supply (505) is in line connection with the three groups of 12 electric heating sheets (506) with the same structure.