CN110715682A - Greening building monitoring method and system - Google Patents
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- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a system for monitoring a green building, which comprises the following steps: carrying out quantitative test on the ecological environment of the greening building to obtain ecological parameters of the greening building; wherein, the ecological parameters include: dust retention parameters, temperature and humidity parameters, carbon fixation and oxygen release parameters, pollution reduction parameters, noise reduction and sound insulation parameters and bacteriostatic parameters; and sending the ecological parameters to a display device for displaying. By quantitatively measuring the ecological parameters and displaying the ecological parameters in the display device, the real-time change of ecological environment data can be effectively reflected, an online continuous automatic monitoring system is realized, the environmental quality and the ecological parameters are monitored in real time, and the ecological effect of the plant green wall is measured and calculated.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of buildings, in particular to a method and a system for monitoring a green building.
Background
With the progress of society, the demand of people on the environment is higher and higher, wherein wall greening is a greening method which is formed in recent years. The wall greening can make full use of the ecological functions of the jobs to participate in and improve the substance metabolism and energy circulation of the city, thereby achieving the purpose of mutual fusion of the city and the nature.
Generally, wall greening plants have the functions of fixing carbon, releasing oxygen, reducing temperature, humidifying, retaining dust, reducing bacteria, fixing sulfur, reducing pollution, reducing noise and the like. However, environmental benefits for three-dimensional greening are not achieved. Alternatively, the samples are typically taken back to the laboratory for analytical determination using manual measurements in the field, or manual sampling. However, the ecological environment data can change along with the meteorological conditions and working conditions at any time, the traditional analysis mode has low monitoring frequency and poor time representativeness, can not effectively reflect the real-time change of the ecological environment data,
disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a system for monitoring a green building.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the embodiment of the present invention adopts a technical solution that: provided is a method for monitoring a green building, comprising the following steps:
carrying out quantitative test on the ecological environment of the greening building to obtain ecological parameters of the greening building; wherein, the ecological parameters include: dust retention parameters, temperature and humidity parameters, carbon fixation and oxygen release parameters, pollution reduction parameters, noise reduction and sound insulation parameters and bacteriostatic parameters;
and sending the ecological parameters to a display device for displaying.
Optionally, the ecological parameter is a dust retention parameter; the quantitative test is carried out on the ecological environment of the greening building to obtain the ecological parameters of the greening building, and the method comprises the following steps:
sampling the leaves of different parts of various plants according to a preset time interval after the rainfall of the dust fall is achieved;
washing and soaking the sample blade for 1-3 hours by using distilled water, scrubbing the sample blade by using a soft brush to soak and wash out attachments on the sample blade, and drying and weighing the sample blade;
filtering the leaching solution by using filter paper, drying, weighing, and subtracting the weight of the filter paper from the weighed weight to obtain the weight of the dust-falling particles attached to the sample blade;
and measuring the leaf area of the sample leaves, dividing the weight of the dust falling particles by the leaf area and the weight of the sample leaves to obtain dust stagnation amount, and averaging the dust stagnation amount of the plurality of sample leaves to obtain dust stagnation parameters of the green building.
Optionally, the ecological parameter is a carbon fixation and oxygen release parameter; the quantitative test is carried out on the ecological environment of the greening building to obtain the ecological parameters of the greening building, and the method comprises the following steps:
selecting multiple days from the whole year according to seasons, respectively measuring instantaneous photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and air temperature (Tair) of multiple plants on multiple leaves of multiple plants by a photosynthetic determinator under the same weather conditions at preset time intervals in each day, and respectively drawing curves to obtain a net photosynthetic rate daily change curve;
integrating the daily change curve of the net photosynthetic rate with time by adopting a formula P ∑ (I ═ 1) ^ j [ (P _ (I +1) + pi)/2 × (t _ (I +1) _ t _ I) × 3600/1000 ], so as to obtain the daily purification flux P of the sample leaf, wherein P is the daily assimilation per unit leaf area, and the unit is as follows: millimole (mmol); pi is the instantaneous photosynthesis rate of the initial point; pi +1 is the instantaneous photosynthesis rate at the next station, in units: micromole/square meter.s (. mu. mol. m-2. s-1); ti is the test time of the initial test point; ti +1 is the time of the next measurement point, in units: hours (h); j is the number of tests; 3600 means 3600 seconds per hour, 1000 means 1mmol is 1000 umol;
using the formula WCO2Calculation of the daily fixed CO per unit area of leaf (l-0.2) x 44/10002The amount of O released per day can be found from the equation of photosynthesis reaction WO2 ═ P (l-0.2). times. 32/10002Amount of the compound (A).
Optionally, the ecological parameter is a pollution reduction parameter; the quantitative test is carried out on the ecological environment of the greening building to obtain the ecological parameters of the greening building, and the method comprises the following steps:
collecting old leaves or fallen leaves which stop growing in the plant to be detected as a sample to be detected, and measuring the area of the leaf surface of the sample to be detected;
deactivating enzyme of a sample to be detected at 90-110 ℃, drying at 60-70 ℃ for 12-24 hours, and crushing by using a crusher to obtain sample leaf powder;
and measuring the sulfur content and the chlorine content in the sample leaf powder, and dividing the sulfur content and the chlorine content obtained by measurement with the area of the leaf surface to obtain the exhaust gas absorption amount of the leaf surface in unit area.
Optionally, the method for determining the sulfur content in the sample leaf powder comprises the following steps:
leaching the sample leaf powder in sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution, filtering, decolorizing, and collecting filtrate;
and adding an excessive barium chloride solution into the filtrate, stirring, filtering, drying the precipitate, weighing to obtain the mass of the barium sulfate, and calculating the mass of sulfur in the barium sulfate.
Optionally, the method for determining the chlorine content in the sample leaf powder comprises the following steps:
leaching a sample in water, filtering and decoloring, and taking a filtrate;
adding a potassium chromate indicator into the filtrate, titrating by using a silver nitrate solution, taking and drying the precipitate after the precipitate is formed, weighing to obtain the mass of the silver chloride, and calculating the mass of chlorine in the silver chloride.
Optionally, the ecological parameter is a bacteriostatic parameter; the quantitative test is carried out on the ecological environment of the greening building to obtain the ecological parameters of the greening building, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of measuring microorganism sampling points in the air by adopting an outdoor natural sedimentation method, wherein the sampling points are in a plant covering layer, on the surface of the covering layer, 30-60cm away from the covering layer and 1.5m in sampling height;
taking a naked area without plants as a control group, and respectively collecting air microorganisms from a sampling point and the control group according to a preset time point, wherein each plant is sampled in four seasons;
culturing the obtained air microorganisms in the same culture medium at 35-38 ℃, counting colonies for 36-72 hours according to the formula of the number m (-3) of the bacteria being 50000 XN/A XT, wherein N is the number of colonies of the microorganisms in each dish after culture, A is the area of the dish, and T is the time for opening the cover of the dish;
and (4) calculating the bacteriostasis parameter according to the formula of bacteriostasis rate (%) (the number of bacteria at the control part-the number of bacteria at the greening part)/the number of bacteria at the control part multiplied by 100%.
Optionally, the ecological parameters are temperature and humidity parameters; the quantitative test is carried out to the ecological environment of the greening building to obtain the ecological parameters of the greening building, and the method comprises the following steps:
the temperature and humidity instrument is arranged in an outdoor or indoor green building and an exposed wall surface, and the measurement is carried out once every preset time period, so that the temperature and humidity comparison value of the green building and the exposed wall surface is obtained.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the embodiment of the present invention adopts a technical solution that: provided is a method for monitoring a green building, the system comprising: the device comprises a parameter input device, a data collection processing device and a display device; wherein,
the parameter input device is used for uploading ecological parameters and transmitting ecological parameter data to the collection and processing device;
the data collection processing device is used for quantitatively calculating and storing the collected ecological parameter data;
display device for displaying ecological parameters
Optionally, the parameter input device is a temperature, humidity sensor, acoustic meter and input device.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) carbon fixing and oxygen releasing capacity of the plant wall: the plants for wall greening cover the surfaces of various buildings and structures in the city, so that the greening area of the city can be greatly increased, carbon dioxide can be absorbed, oxygen can be released, and the contents of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air can be adjusted.
(2) Wall greening cooling and humidifying capacity: when the temperature is raised by the direct sunlight, the green plants play a special role in regulating the temperature. The root system of the green plant absorbs water from the soil, releases water to the air through transpiration, and improves the humidity of the air. The wall greening has good cooling and humidifying functions, according to the research, the wall greening has obvious cooling and humidifying functions in summer, the temperature of the outer wall with plant greening is 15 ℃ lower than that of the surface of the exposed wall, the indoor temperature is 2-4 ℃ lower than that of the exposed wall, but the relative humidity is increased by 8-12 ℃.
(3) Dust retention and sterilization. The green plants have strong blocking, filtering and adsorbing effects on dust and floating dust. The green plants have a strong air-purifying effect. The dust is a carrier for transmitting bacteria and viruses, the green plants can hold the dust to reduce the bacteria and viruses in the air naturally, and the plants also have certain bactericidal capacity.
(4) The noise is reduced. Noise is one of the urban public hazards. The noise can damage the hearing of people, affect the mood of people and seriously interfere the sleep and work of people. Studies have shown that the maximum noise reduction of green plants is about 10 decibels (db). The green plants can weaken the noise pollution of cities, because the branches and leaves of the plants can block the transmission of sound waves, the transmission energy of the sound waves is weakened, and the volume is reduced. The larger the plant leaf area is, the more branches of the plant branch is, and the higher the bush density is, the stronger the sound absorption capability is.
(5) Monitoring effect on atmospheric pollution. Environmental pollution is multifaceted, with atmospheric pollution being the most harmful to humans. The plants can absorb the atmospheric pollutants with the concentration lower than the critical concentration, so the wall greening plants also have the function of purifying the air.
The embodiment of the invention can effectively reflect the real-time change of the ecological environment data by quantitatively measuring the ecological parameters and displaying the ecological parameters in the display device, thereby realizing an online continuous automatic monitoring system, monitoring the environmental quality and the ecological parameters in real time and measuring and calculating the ecological effect of the plant green wall.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.
The method comprises the following steps of firstly, quantitatively testing the ecological environment of the greening building to obtain ecological parameters of the greening building; wherein, the ecological parameters include: dust retention parameters, temperature and humidity parameters, carbon fixation and oxygen release parameters, pollution reduction parameters, noise reduction and sound insulation parameters and bacteriostatic parameters;
the ecological parameters include: wind direction, wind speed, rainfall, atmospheric pressure, air temperature and humidity (indoor and outdoor); carbon fixation and oxygen release parameters: o is2、CO2(ii) a Cooling and humidifying monitoring: wall temperature (indoor and outdoor), air humidity; and (3) dust fall monitoring: PM2.5, PM 10; noise reduction monitoring: noise; atmospheric pollution: SO (SO)2、NO2. The ecological parameters can also be outdoor monitored parameters, such as six meteorological parameters (wind speed, wind direction, temperature and humidity, rainfall, atmospheric pressure), seven atmospheric quality parameters (PM2.5, PM10, NO)2、SO2Negative oxygen ion, O2、CO2) Temperature of the exterior wall, noise, etc. Indoor monitoring parameters, e.g. PM2.5, PM10, temperature (air, wall), indoor air humidity, NO2、SO2Noise, etc.
And step two, sending the ecological parameters to a display device for display.
In the embodiment of the invention, (1) the carbon fixing and oxygen releasing capacity of the plant wall: the plants for wall greening cover the surfaces of various buildings and structures in the city, so that the greening area of the city can be greatly increased, carbon dioxide can be absorbed, oxygen can be released, and the content of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air can be adjusted.
(2) Wall greening cooling and humidifying capacity: when the temperature is raised by the direct sunlight, the green plants play a special role in regulating the temperature. The root system of the green plant absorbs water from the soil, releases water to the air through transpiration, and improves the humidity of the air. The wall greening has good cooling and humidifying functions, according to the research, the wall greening has obvious cooling and humidifying functions in summer, the temperature of the outer wall with plant greening is 15 ℃ lower than that of the surface of the exposed wall, the indoor temperature is 2-4 ℃ lower than that of the exposed wall, but the relative humidity is increased by 8-12 ℃.
(3) Dust retention and sterilization. The green plants have strong blocking, filtering and adsorbing effects on dust and floating dust. The green plants have a strong air-purifying effect. The dust is a carrier for transmitting bacteria and viruses, the green plants can hold the dust to reduce the bacteria and viruses in the air naturally, and the plants also have certain bactericidal capacity.
(4) The noise is reduced. Noise is one of the urban public hazards. The noise can damage the hearing of people, affect the mood of people and seriously interfere the sleep and work of people. Studies have shown that the maximum noise reduction of green plants is about 10 decibels (db). The green plants can weaken the noise pollution of cities, because the branches and leaves of the plants can block the transmission of sound waves, the transmission energy of the sound waves is weakened, and the volume is reduced. The larger the plant leaf area is, the more branches of the plant branch is, and the higher the bush density is, the stronger the sound absorption capability is.
(5) Monitoring effect on atmospheric pollution. Environmental pollution is multifaceted, with atmospheric pollution being the most harmful to humans. The plants can absorb the atmospheric pollutants with the concentration lower than the critical concentration, so the wall greening plants also have the function of purifying the air.
The embodiment of the invention can effectively reflect the real-time change of the ecological environment data by quantitatively measuring the ecological parameters and displaying the ecological parameters in the display device, thereby realizing an online continuous automatic monitoring system, monitoring the environmental quality and the ecological parameters in real time and measuring and calculating the ecological effect of the plant green wall.
Specifically, when the ecological parameter is a dust retention parameter, the quantitative detection of the dust retention parameter comprises:
s101, sampling leaves of different parts of various plants according to a preset time interval after the rainfall of the dustfall is achieved;
generally, the rainfall of more than 15mm can wash away the dust fall of the plant leaves. When the rainfall reaches 15mm, the normally green tree seeds are considered to have dust fall on the leaves to be washed and then have dust fall again. When the continuous rainfall is selected to be larger and the counting is started when the dust on the blades is basically washed clean by rainwater, the dust content of the blades is measured after two weeks on the assumption that the dust accumulation amount of the blades is zero at the moment. The collection test of the sample leaves comprises the steps of selecting different plants at different positions for sampling at 5d, 10d, 15d, 20d and 25d after the dust fall and rainfall are achieved, for example, selecting 3 plants for each plant, sampling at multiple points at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of each plant, generally adopting 30-40 leaves for broad leaf trees, adopting 100-150 g for coniferous trees, collecting samples according to the type of green wall plants, and sealing the leaf samples in a plastic bag.
S102, washing and soaking the sample blade for 1-3 hours by using distilled water, scrubbing the sample blade by using a soft brush to soak and wash out attachments on the sample blade, and drying and weighing the sample blade;
s103, filtering the immersion liquid by using filter paper, drying, weighing, and subtracting the weight of the filter paper from the weighed weight to obtain the weight of the dust-falling particles attached to the sample blade;
and washing and soaking the collected sample leaves for 2 hours by using distilled water, and then slightly brushing the leaves by using a soft brush to fully soak and wash out attachments on the leaves. The leaves are clamped out by tweezers, the original state of the leaves is not damaged, and the leaves are placed on newspaper and dried. The leaching solution is filtered by dried and weighed filter paper (w1), the filter paper is dried in an oven at 105 ℃ for 24 hours, and weighed again (w2), and the weight difference of 2 times is the weight of the dustfall particles attached to the sample.
S104, measuring the leaf area of the sample blades, dividing the weight of the dust falling particles by the leaf area and the weight of the sample blades to obtain dust stagnation amount, and carrying out average calculation on the dust stagnation amount of the plurality of sample blades to obtain dust stagnation parameters of the green building.
The leaf area can be measured using a leaf area meter.
Specifically, when the ecological parameters are carbon fixation and oxygen release parameters; the quantitative detection of the solid oxygen release parameter comprises the following steps:
s201, selecting multiple days from the whole year according to seasons, respectively measuring instantaneous photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and air temperature (Tair) of multiple plants on multiple leaves of the multiple plants by using a photosynthetic determinator under the same weather conditions at preset time intervals in each day, and respectively drawing curves to obtain a net photosynthetic rate daily change curve;
selecting a day from 9:00 morning to 17:00 night every 2h in representative months of the whole year (repeating in summer) of 1 month, 4 months, 7 months and 9 months respectively, selecting healthy plants in a wall under the same condition by using a Li-6400XT portable photosynthesis determination system of American Li-COR company under the clear and windless weather condition, randomly selecting leaves in the middle of the sunny side of the plants for determination, taking 3-5 leaves from each plant, and taking 3-6 instantaneous photosynthesis rate values (Pn) from each leaf after the system is stabilized. Besides the net photosynthetic rate, the relevant parameters measured simultaneously include transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), air temperature (Tair), and the like.
S202, integrating the net photosynthetic rate daily change curve with time by adopting a formula P ∑ (I ═ 1) ^ j [ (P _ (I +1) + pi)/2 × (t _ (I +1) — t _ I) × 3600/1000), and obtaining the daily purification flux P of the sample leaf, wherein P is the daily assimilation per unit leaf area, and the unit: millimole (mmol); pi is the instantaneous photosynthesis rate of the initial point; pi +1 is the instantaneous photosynthesis rate at the next station, in units: micromole/square meter second (μmol m)-2·s-1) (ii) a ti is the test time of the initial test point; ti +1 is the time of the next measurement point, in units: hours (h); j is the number of tests; 3600 means 3600 seconds per hour, 1000 means 1mmol is 1000 umol;
in the daily curve of photosynthesis of plants, it assimilates CO2The quantity is the area enclosed by the net photosynthetic rate curve and the time horizontal axis. The purification assimilation quantity of the plant leaves in one day is obtained by a simple integration method, and the dark respiration consumption of the plants in the evening is calculated according to 20% of the assimilation quantity in the day. The leaf area index is determined using a leaf area meter.
The daily net assimilation quantity is P, and the calculation formula of the daily net assimilation quantity of various plants is as follows:
P＝∑_(i＝1)^j〖〔(p_(I+1)+pi)/2×(t_(i+1)〗-t_i)×3600/1000〕
wherein: p is daily assimilation per leaf area, unit: millimole (mmol); pi is the instantaneous photosynthesis rate of the initial point; pi +1 is the instantaneous photosynthesis rate at the next station, in units: micromole/square meter second (μmol m)-2·s-1) (ii) a ti is the test time of the initial test point; ti +1 is the time of the next measurement point, in units: hours (h); j is the number of tests; 3600 means 3600 seconds per hour, 1000 means 1mmol is 1000 umol.
S203, adopting formula WCO2Calculation of the daily fixed CO per unit area of leaf (l-0.2) x 44/10002Amount according to the photosynthesis reaction equation WO2P (l-0.2) × 32/1000 gives the daily release of O2Amount of the compound (A).
As can be seen from the above method, the CO per unit area of the leaves is fixed every day2The amount is: WCO2P (l-0.2) × 44/1000 in grams per square meter day (g · m)-2·d-1). The daily release of O can be obtained according to the reaction equation of photosynthesis2The amount is: WO2P (l-0.2) × 32/1000 in grams per square meter day (g · m)-2·d-1)。
Specifically, when the ecological parameter is a pollution reduction parameter; the quantitative test of the pollution reduction parameters comprises the following steps:
s301, collecting old leaves or fallen leaves which stop growing in the plant to be detected as a sample to be detected, and measuring the area of the leaf surface of the sample to be detected;
s302, deactivating enzyme of a sample to be detected at 90-110 ℃, drying at 60-70 ℃ for 12-24 hours, and crushing by using a crusher to obtain sample leaf powder;
cleaning the collected leaves with deionized water, wiping to dry, placing into an oven with a temperature of 105 ℃ to bake for half an hour for deactivating enzyme, baking at 60-70 ℃ for 12-24 hours, then crushing with a crusher, and sieving with a 1mm sieve for preparation.
S303, measuring the sulfur content and the chlorine content in the sample leaf powder, and dividing the sulfur content and the chlorine content obtained by measurement with the area of the leaf surface to obtain the exhaust gas absorption amount of the leaf surface in unit area.
Specifically, the method for measuring the sulfur content in the sample leaf powder comprises the following steps:
leaching the sample leaf powder in sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution, filtering, decolorizing, and collecting filtrate;
and adding an excessive barium chloride solution into the filtrate, stirring, filtering, drying the precipitate, weighing to obtain the mass of the barium sulfate, and calculating the mass of sulfur in the barium sulfate.
In the examples of the present invention, the sulfur measurement was performed by phosphate leaching, i.e., barium sulfate gravimetric method. Extracting 10g of plant leaf powder dried to constant weight with 75ml of 1% sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution, filtering, decolorizing with active carbon, filtering, and collecting filtrate 25mlAdding excessive barium chloride solution, stirring with an electromagnetic stirrer, filtering with filter paper, and drying the precipitate and the filter paper in an oven to constant weight. And calculating the weight of the precipitate to obtain the mass of S absorbed by the plant, calculating the mole number of S, further obtaining the mole number and mass of the sulfur dioxide, and finally obtaining the mass of the sulfur dioxide absorbed by the plant. Dividing the mass of the sulfur dioxide by the area of the leaf surface or the mass of the sample leaf to obtain the absorption amount of the sulfur dioxide, wherein the unit is g/cm2Or g/g.
Specifically, the method for measuring the chlorine content in the sample leaf powder comprises the following steps:
leaching a sample in water, filtering and decoloring, and taking a filtrate;
adding a potassium chromate indicator into the filtrate, titrating by using a silver nitrate solution, taking and drying the precipitate after the precipitate is formed, weighing to obtain the mass of the silver chloride, and calculating the mass of chlorine in the silver chloride.
In the examples of the present invention, the chlorine was measured by silver nitrate titration. Extracting 15g of dry leaf powder with 150ml of water, filtering, and decolorizing with active carbon until filtering. Adjusting pH value of 5ml of filtrate, adding 5 drops of 50g/L potassium chromate indicator, titrating with 0.01mol/L silver nitrate solution to obtain the mass of silver chloride precipitate, calculating the mass of chlorine, and dividing the mass of chlorine with the area of the leaf surface of the sample or the mass of the sample to obtain the chlorine absorption amount of the plant, wherein the unit of the chlorine absorption amount is g/cm2Or g/g.
Specifically, when the ecological parameters are bacteriostatic parameters; the quantitative test of the bacteriostatic parameters comprises the following steps:
s401, determining microorganism sampling points in air to be in a plant covering layer, the surface of the covering layer, a position 30-60cm away from the covering layer and a position with a sampling height of 1.5m by adopting an outdoor natural sedimentation method;
in the embodiment of the invention, the sampling points of microorganisms in the air are measured by an outdoor natural sedimentation method and are positioned in the plant covering layer, on the surface of the covering layer and 30-60cm away from the covering layer, and the sampling height is 1.5 m. The test was carried out by selecting the area without plants as a control and measuring the area with the area without plants at 9:00-11:00 am every day (since this time is the period of the most vigorous physiological activities of plants), exposing the sampling culture medium to the air for 5min, and collecting the air microorganism samples for 3 times.
S402, taking a naked area without plants as a control group, and respectively collecting air microorganisms from a sampling point and the control group according to a preset time point, wherein each plant is sampled in four seasons;
s403, culturing the obtained air microorganisms in the same culture medium at 35-38 ℃, counting bacterial colonies for 36-72 hours according to a formula of a bacterial count m ^ (-3) which is 50000 XN/A XT, wherein N is the number of microbial colonies in each dish after culture, A is the area of the culture dish, and T is the time for opening the cover of the culture dish;
the sampling culture medium is divided into two types of culture of air bacteria and fungi, and the specific formula preparation method comprises the following steps: beef extract protein vein agar medium (collecting air bacteria) beef extract 3g, protein vein 10g, NaCl15g, agar 15g, water 1000ml, pH7.4-7.6. Martin medium (collection of air fungi): 10g of glucose, 5g of protein vein and KH2PO41g，MgSO4·7H2O0.5g, 1/3000 Bengal red 100ml, agar 15g, distilled water 800ml, 0.038 streptomycin dilution 100 ml. Mixing the above components, heating to dissolve, boiling, sterilizing with steam at 121 deg.C for 30min in autoclave, pouring out, cooling and solidifying the culture medium, and placing in constant temperature incubator for 2 days.
In the embodiment of the invention, the inoculated culture dish is cultured for 48 hours at 37 ℃ and then colony counting is carried out. And calculating the microbial counts of various treatments according to a calculation formula of the total microbial counts of the air per cubic meter of the public places determined by national standards of the people's republic of China issued in 12 months in 1991. The calculation formula is as follows: number of bacteria m ^ (-3) ═ 50000 XN/A × T
N is the number of microbial colonies (number) in each dish after culture, the sum of air bacteria and fungi collected by two culture media, and A is the area (cm) of the culture dish3) 10cm was used in this experiment3The culture dish of (1); t is the time (min) for opening the culture dish cover is 5 min.
And S404, calculating the bacteriostasis parameter according to the formula of bacteriostasis rate (%) (the number of bacteria at the control part-the number of bacteria at the greening part)/the number of bacteria at the control part multiplied by 100%.
Specifically, the ecological parameters are temperature and humidity parameters; the quantitative testing of temperature and humidity parameters includes:
the temperature and humidity instrument is arranged in an outdoor or indoor green building and an exposed wall surface, and the measurement is carried out once every preset time period, so that the temperature and humidity comparison value of the green building and the exposed wall surface is obtained.
In the embodiment of the invention, the observation instrument can be a. Li-COR company Li-1400 data acquisition unit in America, wherein the observation instrument is provided with 10 data recording channels, and can measure and indicate the total amount of solar radiation, light quantum flux, air temperature, relative humidity and soil temperature (the type of the sensor is selected according to the requirement of measurement items). The temperature of the working environment is-25-55 ℃, and the relative humidity is 0-95%. b. Li-6400 Portable photosynthesis tester manufactured by Li-COR corporation of America. c. Thermo-hygrometer manufactured by HANNA corporation, italy: each having a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor. d. CL-203 hand-held leaf planimeter manufactured by CL corporation of usa.
In the embodiment of the present invention, an observation method is illustrated, for example, for observing a green wall on the west side, the method is as follows:
the observation of the green wall on the west side is carried out under the conditions of clear weather and good sunlight conditions in spring and autumn. The temperature and humidity of the outdoor wall surface are observed by Li-1400, 4 temperature sensors and 2 relative humidity sensors are shared: indoor humiture is surveyd and is adopted 2 warm and humid counters, respectively has 1 temperature and humidity transducer. The instrument data records all started at 7:00 and ended at 19:00, and are recorded 1 time every 30 min. Sun light was observed again. The temperature and humidity counters produced by HANNA are provided with a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor. Wherein, the A wall is 3.0m high for afforestation wall, places 1 temperature sensor, the B wall is afforestation wall, 1.5m high, place 1 temperature and humidity sensor respectively, C is exposed wall, 3.0m high, place 3 temperature sensor 1, the D wall is exposed wall, 1.5m high, place 1 temperature and humidity sensor respectively 1, the E wall is indoor afforestation wall, place temperature and humidity sensor respectively 1, the F wall is indoor exposed wall, place temperature and humidity counter respectively 1.
In the embodiment of the invention, a PAK two-channel acoustic measuring instrument of Germany BBM company can be adopted. According to GB/T19889.3-2005, GB/T50121-2005 is adopted as an evaluation standard, and a laboratory environment is designed according to GB/T19889.3-2005 experimental method standard to measure noise decibels.
The foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A monitoring method for greening buildings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
carrying out quantitative test on the ecological environment of the greening building to obtain ecological parameters of the greening building; wherein, the ecological parameters include: dust retention parameters, temperature and humidity parameters, carbon fixation and oxygen release parameters, pollution reduction parameters, noise reduction and sound insulation parameters and bacteriostatic parameters;
and sending the ecological parameters to a display device for displaying.
2. A green building monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the ecological parameter is a dust retention parameter; the quantitative test is carried out on the ecological environment of the greening building to obtain the ecological parameters of the greening building, and the method comprises the following steps:
sampling the leaves of different parts of various plants according to a preset time interval after the rainfall of the dust fall is achieved;
washing and soaking the sample blade for 1-3 hours by using distilled water, scrubbing the sample blade by using a soft brush to soak and wash out attachments on the sample blade, and drying and weighing the sample blade;
filtering the leaching solution by using filter paper, drying, weighing, and subtracting the weight of the filter paper from the weighed weight to obtain the weight of the dust-falling particles attached to the sample blade;
and measuring the leaf area of the sample leaves, dividing the weight of the dust falling particles by the leaf area and the weight of the sample leaves to obtain dust stagnation amount, and carrying out average calculation on the dust stagnation amount of the plurality of sample leaves to obtain dust stagnation parameters of the green building.
3. A green building monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the ecological parameter is a carbon fixation and oxygen release parameter; the quantitative test is carried out on the ecological environment of the greening building to obtain the ecological parameters of the greening building, and the method comprises the following steps:
selecting multiple days from the whole year according to seasons, and respectively measuring instantaneous photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and intercellular CO of multiple leaves of multiple plants by using a photosynthetic measuring instrument under the same weather conditions according to preset time intervals in each day2Concentration (Ci) and air temperature (Tair), and drawing a curve to obtain a net photosynthetic rate daily change curve;
integrating the daily change curve of the net photosynthetic rate with time by adopting a formula P ∑ (I ═ 1) ^ j [ (P _ (I +1) + pi)/2 × (t _ (I +1) _ t _ I) × 3600/1000 ], so as to obtain the daily purification flux P of the sample leaf, wherein P is the daily assimilation per unit leaf area in unit: millimole (mmol); pi is the instantaneous photosynthesis rate of the initial point; pi +1 is the instantaneous photosynthesis rate at the next station, in units: micromole/square meter.s (. mu. mol. m-2. s-1); ti is the test time of the initial test point; ti +1 is the time of the next measurement point, in units: hours (h); j is the number of tests; 3600 means 3600 seconds per hour, 1000 means 1mmol is 1000 umol;
using the formula WCO2Calculation of the daily fixed CO per unit area of leaf (l-0.2) x 44/10002The amount of O released per day can be found from the equation of photosynthesis reaction WO2 ═ P (l-0.2). times. 32/10002Amount of the compound (A).
4. A green building monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the ecological parameter is a pollution reduction parameter; the quantitative test is carried out on the ecological environment of the greening building to obtain the ecological parameters of the greening building, and the method comprises the following steps:
collecting old leaves or fallen leaves which stop growing in the plant to be detected as a sample to be detected, and measuring the area of the leaf surface of the sample to be detected;
deactivating enzyme of a sample to be detected at 90-110 ℃, drying at 60-70 ℃ for 12-24 hours, and crushing by using a crusher to obtain sample leaf powder;
and measuring the sulfur content and the chlorine content in the sample leaf powder, and dividing the sulfur content and the chlorine content obtained by measurement with the area of the leaf surface to obtain the exhaust gas absorption amount of the leaf surface in unit area.
5. A method for monitoring greening building according to claim 4, wherein the method for determining the sulfur content in the leaf powder of the sample comprises:
leaching the sample leaf powder in sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution, filtering, decolorizing, and collecting filtrate;
and adding an excessive barium chloride solution into the filtrate, stirring, filtering, drying the precipitate, weighing to obtain the mass of the barium sulfate, and calculating the mass of sulfur in the barium sulfate.
6. A method for monitoring greening building according to claim 4, wherein the method for determining the chlorine content in the leaf powder of the sample comprises:
leaching a sample in water, filtering and decoloring, and taking a filtrate;
adding a potassium chromate indicator into the filtrate, titrating by using a silver nitrate solution, taking and drying the precipitate after the precipitate is formed, weighing to obtain the mass of the silver chloride, and calculating the mass of chlorine in the silver chloride.
7. A green building monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the ecological parameter is a bacteriostatic parameter; the quantitative test is carried out on the ecological environment of the greening building to obtain the ecological parameters of the greening building, and the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of measuring microorganism sampling points in the air by adopting an outdoor natural sedimentation method, wherein the sampling points are in a plant covering layer, on the surface of the covering layer, 30-60cm away from the covering layer and 1.5m in sampling height;
taking a naked area without plants as a control group, and respectively collecting air microorganisms from a sampling point and the control group according to a preset time point, wherein each plant is sampled in four seasons;
culturing the obtained air microorganisms in the same culture medium at 35-38 ℃, counting colonies for 36-72 hours according to a formula of a bacteria number m (-3) which is 50000 XN/A XT, wherein N is the colony number of the microorganisms in each dish after culture, A is the area of the dish, and T is the time for opening the cover of the dish;
and (4) calculating the bacteriostasis parameter according to the formula of bacteriostasis rate (%) (the number of bacteria at the control part-the number of bacteria at the greening part)/the number of bacteria at the control part multiplied by 100%.
8. A green building monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the ecological parameters are temperature and humidity parameters; the quantitative test is carried out on the ecological environment of the greening building to obtain the ecological parameters of the greening building, and the method comprises the following steps:
and (3) placing the temperature and humidity instrument in an outdoor or indoor green building and an exposed wall surface, and measuring once every preset time period to obtain the temperature and humidity contrast value of the green building and the exposed wall surface.
9. A green building monitoring system, the system comprising: the device comprises a parameter input device, a data collection processing device and a display device; wherein,
the parameter input device is used for uploading ecological parameters and transmitting ecological parameter data to the collection and processing device;
the data collection processing device is used for quantitatively calculating and storing the collected ecological parameter data;
and the display device is used for displaying the ecological parameters.
10. The greenery building monitoring system of claim 9, wherein the parameter input device is a temperature, humidity sensor, an acoustic meter, and an input device.
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